نظام الفرامل

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ 
٢١٢
‫א‬ ٢١٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

? ?? ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
١
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬G
J ١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 K٨H٤W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
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J ٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 Brake System Overview
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FMechanicl brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KE١F‫א‬KE‫א‬
J ٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬FHydraulic brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KE٢F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬FAir brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE٣F‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٤FE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FElectric brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FService brakes  ‫א‬‫א‬ •
KEF
J ٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬FParking brakes‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FAuxiliary brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬Retarder
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
KDrum brakesE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KDisk brakesEF‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Brake pedal ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬Booster‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Master cylinder‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Brake tubes & hoses‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Brake valves‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬Wheel cylinders‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٥J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٥F
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 Kinetic Energy (K.E.)‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬KE ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Friction ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Deceleration‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KL،٢L
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Weight transfer‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Wheel lock‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬L‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KE
 ‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EµF
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ff  W
µ=
Fn
  ‫א‬µ
N  ‫א‬Ff
 N  ‫א‬‫א‬Fn
J ٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬W‫א‬J
 K‫א‬E١F‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٠,٤ ٠,٦ J 
 ٠,٤  ٠,٥  J 
 ٠,٣  ٠,٤  J 
 ٠,٨  ٠,٩  J 

 





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Ff = µ × Fn

  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
١٣٠٩٠FEL١٠٠F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E ٥٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE 
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
J ٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬G
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 
J ١٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧F ‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬











‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٠ ,٥J ٠{٣F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬
J ١١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E٢FK ، ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬G K‫א‬G ٪٢٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G  KG ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬  KG ‫א‬
‫א‬G ‫א‬G K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬G G  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٪٥٠‫א‬
‫א‬G K‫א‬G K
K‫א‬‫א‬
G G K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬  K
 KG KG
K‫א‬‫א‬G
J ١٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

KG  K‫א‬G  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G  K‫א‬G ‫א‬
K‫ א‬‫א‬G ‫א‬
K‫ א‬K


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F
K‫א‬

J ١٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٩F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬




‫א‬NRSSFFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F

FFFF‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠٤١FF‫א‬،‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 



‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٠,١٥ C
 ٠,٢٥٠,١٥ D
 ٠,٣٥٠,٢٥ E
 ٠,٤٥٠,٣٥ F
 ٠,٥٥٠,٤٥ G
 ٠,٥٥ H
‫א‬WE٣F
J ١٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
G G  ‫א‬
 K  K K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬G G F
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬G K‫א‬ KE
K‫א‬
G G  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
G G F
K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬‫א‬
G ‫א‬G ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬  K‫א‬
F
KE‫א‬‫א‬
G G ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
KG ‫א‬
K

‫א‬‫א‬ WE٤F 
J ١٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









K‫א‬‫א‬EJ F‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F


‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١١F K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬




‫א‬‫ א‬WE١١F 
J ١٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، E١٢F‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٢F  
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬E١٣F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫ א‬WE١٣F 
J ١٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤FE‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫ א‬E١٤F 


 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ١٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
Brake pedalE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥F
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٥F  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٦F 

J ١٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
Mechanical advantage (MA)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٣W١F‫א‬‫א‬E٥W١F(Pedal ratio)‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


Fr

Fp

‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٧F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٨F‫א‬
Fr = Fp × MA
J ٢٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

:
N ‫א‬‫א‬ Fr
N  ‫א‬ Fp
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ MA
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Fp x Sp = Fr x Sr 

 :
M ‫א‬ Sp
M ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Sr

Sr 



Sp 

‫א‬ WE١٨F  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Sr = Sp / MA

J ٢١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Brake Pedal Service
 Check and Adjustment of Brake Pedal‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬


، ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬










‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١F 
J ٢٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢F،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢F  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 KE٢F‫א‬E١F‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬E٣F‫א‬J 
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬J 





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣F 
J ٢٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE٤F





‫א‬ WE٤F 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
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

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
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٥F  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 KE٦F،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ٥٠F٤٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
KE٧F،‫א‬
J ٢٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٧F 

،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE٦J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 

 W

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨F،‫א‬‫א‬








‫ א‬WE٨F 
J ٢٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Brake Inspection Check-list‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬  K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E٠{٨F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ، ‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F K١
KE‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬
 ‫א‬E
 F‫א‬ K٣
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
J ٢٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K K٢
 ‫א‬
K K١
K‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
J ٢٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kinetic energy ‫א‬ Friction ‫א‬
Disk brake  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Mechanical brakes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Drum brakes  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Hydraulic brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Boost  ‫א‬‫ א‬Electric brakes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Master cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Service brakes ‫א‬‫א‬
Valves   Parking brakes ‫א‬‫א‬
ABS 
 ‫א‬ Auxiliary brakes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Brake pedal  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Mechanical advantage‫א‬‫א‬
Heat ‫א‬‫ א‬Brake lining / pads ‫א‬
Rivet  Coefficient of friction ‫א‬
Heat energy  ‫א‬ Brake fade ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    

J ٢٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬J 

 ‫؟‬‫א‬J ٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 KLEF   KLEF
 K٢LEF  K٢LEF
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF    K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF 
J ٣٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

٣ ٢
٩ 
٤ ١ 
٥ 
٥ ١٤
٨ ١٤ 


٧
٧ ٦٦ 
١٢ 
١١ ١١
١٠ ٩ ١٣

 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ٨   ١
  ٩   ٢
 ١٠   ٣
 ١١   ٤
 ١٢   ٥
 ١٣   ٦
 ١٤   ٧

J ٣١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬


١ 
Fr 


٢
٣ 

Fp 



 ‫א‬
‫א‬
  ١
  ٢
  ٣
 r1
  r2
 Fr
 Fp


J ٣٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
J ٣٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 


J ٣٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

1- Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Harcourt Brace College

Publishers, 2nd Edition.
2- Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Delmar Publishers, 3rd
Edition, 1990.
3- BOSCH, “Automotive Handbook”, Robert Bosch GmbH, 3rd edition, 1993.
4- BOSCH, “Brake Systems”, Technical Instruction, Robert Bosch GmbH,
1995.
5- Chart, Check, “Automotive Brake Systems, Harper & Row, Publishers, NY.
6- Duffy, James E., “Modern Automotive Technology”, The Goodheart-Wilcox
Company, Inc. , 2000.
7- Eichhorn, Lane- Owen, Clifton, “Automotive Brake Systems”, Today’s
Technician Series, Delmar, 2001.
8- Erjavec, Jack- Scharff, Robert, “Automotive Technology”, Delmar Pub.
1996.
9- Halderman, James D., “Automobile Brake Systems”, Prentice Hall, 2000.
10- Heisler, Heinz, “Advanced Vehicle Technology”, Edward Arnold, 1989.
11- Hillier, V.A.W., ”Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology”, Stanley
Thornes (Publishers) Ltd., 4th edition, 1991.
12- Johanson, Chris- Stockel, Martin, “Auto Brakes Technology”, The
Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., 2000.
13- Lahue, Kalton C., “Automotive Brakes and Antilock Braking Systems”,
West Publishing Company, 1995.
14- Remling, John, “Brakes”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
15- Stockel, M. W.; Stockel, M.T.; and Johanson, C., “Auto Service and Repair”,
The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., 1991.
16- Thiessen, Frank J., “Automotive Braking Systems”, A Reston Book.
17- Thiessen, Frank; Dales, Davies, “ Automotive Steering, Suspension, and
Braking Systems”, Reston Publishing Company, Inc.
18- TOYOTA, “Brake System”, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1999.
19- TOYOTA, “PDS & Periodic Maintenance”, Toyota Motor Corporation,
2000.
20- TOYOTA, “Fundamentals of Servicing”, Toyota Motor Corporation, 2000.

J ٣٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬





٢






J ٣٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 K٪٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦H٨W‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
J ٣٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFG
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
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J ٣٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 Brake hydraulic systems ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

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

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١F  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
J ٣٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
  K‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
  K‫א‬J ٤
 Hydraulic principles‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KHydraulics
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

(A)‫א‬ L(F) ‫א‬‫ א‬Z(P) ‫א‬ 

 W
N/mm2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ P
N ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F
mm2  ‫א‬ A

 (MPa)‫א‬(N/mm2) ٢\‫א‬‫א‬
J ٣٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F
 




‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢F 
 W‫א‬
KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •







‫א‬J ٢     ‫א‬‫ א‬J ١ WE٣F

J ٤٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 








‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ : E٤F  





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٥F 






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F
J ٤١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬









‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٧F  

WHydraulic advantage‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬

HA = A wc / A mc 


J ٤٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫× א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬


 ‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬

Swc = Smc × HA
Master cylinder‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
KBypass port‫א‬Compensating port‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٤٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬cup  EF‫א‬
Secondary‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Primary cup
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ cup
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Outlet port
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KQuick take-up‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K٢  K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤  K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F
J ٤٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F 

، ‫א‬،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
J ٤٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ،
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬K 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬










‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٠F  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬KE١١F
 KE١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ٤٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F 






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢F 

By-pass ports‫א‬ •
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Compensating ports ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
Outlet ports‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
J ٤٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Residual pressure check valve‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٣F 
‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
O-ringE
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Primary cup ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
J ٤٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬‫א‬ EF 
 Secondary cup ‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E١٥FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬






 WE١٥F 
J ٤٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٦F 


J ٥٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٧F  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
J ٥١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٨F  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Single master cylinder‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
،E١٩FE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٩F
Dual (Tandem) master cylinder‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٥٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠F 
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 Quick Tack-up master cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ WE٢١F 
J ٥٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٢F  
J ٥٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 Step bore master cylinder‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KE٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
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‫א‬ ‫א‬ WE٢٣F  
 Central-Valve master cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٤F ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬ WE٢٤F 

J ٥٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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Dual or split line braking systems‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E  ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE ‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٥F  

J ٥٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬،
 J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ٪٤٠٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
??????‫א‬،????‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ o
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٦FK‫א‬






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٦F  

J ٥٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧F





‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٧F 

‫א‬‫א‬ o
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٨F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F

J ٥٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Brake Fluids ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٥٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬DOT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Department of Transportation
W‫א‬‫א‬
DOT 5 DOT 4 DOT 3 ‫א‬‫א‬

Silicone Polyglycol ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
٥٢٦٠ ٥٢٣٠ ٥٢٠٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
٥١٨٠ ٥١٥٥ ٥١٤٠  E٪٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
ABS
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٦٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Brake lines and Hoses‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٩F
١٦\٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٣٠FEF‫א‬
١٦\٥، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ٦{٤F٤\١‫א‬‫א‬E٤{٦F
 KE٧{٩F
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E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٩F 
J ٦١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٠F
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
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‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣١F 

J ٦٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE٣٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬ WE٣٢F 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
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 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٣FK  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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J ٦٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٣٣F  
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤F،‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٣٤F 
J ٦٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣٥F،‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣٦F،‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣٧F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٣٥F  

‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٣٦F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٣٧F 
J ٦٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 Pressure control valves‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
Metering valve‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKE٣٨F،‫א‬‫א‬












‫א‬ WE٣٨F  
J ٦٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١{٠٠{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Proportioning valve‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٩F،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 W‫א‬‫א‬
K
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣٩F 
J ٦٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 Combination valve‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٠F،‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫ א‬WE٤٠F  
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J ٦٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Brake Hydraulic System Service
Checking Master Cylinder Fluid ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Level and Condition
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 KE١F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١F 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
[MAXY‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬[MINY‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
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J ٦٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬ WE٢F  
‫א‬‫א‬، ٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
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‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٣F  
 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ E٤F
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J ٧٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬E‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F
KEF
‫א‬
  F‫א‬
KE
J ٧١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬[ABSY‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • 
 K‫א‬‫• א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • 
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
Bleeding Air from Hydraulic Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
KEF‫א‬‫א‬ •

J ٧٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬J 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٥F  
J ٧٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬J 
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

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F  

 K‫א‬EFEF‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬E‫א‬FJ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬





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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٧F 
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J ٧٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 



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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F 

 J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
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 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥‫א‬‫א‬


J ٧٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٩FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





J J ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٩F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WManual bleeding‫א‬‫א‬ K

KE١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١٠F  
J ٧٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


WPressure bleeding‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE١١F‫א‬،EF١٤٠‫א‬

‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬ 







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١١F 

WVacuum bleeding‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬E F‫א‬
KE١٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢F 
J ٧٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


WGravity bleeding‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬G
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬G
 KE١٤F،‫א‬‫א‬






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
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F 
،‫א‬‫א‬  
EF 
J ٧٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


Master Cylinder Replacement‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ABS‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KEF‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٥FE٤٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





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

‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٥F 


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
J ٧٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
KE١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






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
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Bench Bleeding)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
J ٨٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬E٧J ٥F‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٧F

 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K١
K‫א‬
K(MAX)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
J ٨١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ka
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ Kb
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




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
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
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
J ٨٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 Master-CylinderOverhaul‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K،‫א‬‫א‬ •
KELithium soap base glycol greaseF •
K‫א‬ •

W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
E١FK ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬، E٢F


 W
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 •
K‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
J ٨٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١F 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٢F  
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F 
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J ٨٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 KE٤F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
 W‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
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 W 
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
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J ٨٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
K‫א‬،،،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
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‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ WE٥F 
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 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 KE٦F
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 
J ٨٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٧F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٧F 
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 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٨F 
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J ٨٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
K‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 



J ٨٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


Checking and Replacing of Wheel Cylinder‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬
KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧





‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ WE٩F 
J ٨٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
،‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F






‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٠F  

‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 E٢٥{٤FE١F‫א‬‫א‬E٠{١٢٧F٠{٠٠٥F
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬E٠{١٧٨F٠{٠٠٧F
K‫א‬‫א‬(feeler gauge)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ،
 ‫א‬ K٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١F،
J ٩٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 








‫א‬‫א‬
 J W ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬WE١١F 
‫א‬‫א‬J K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J K
  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  

W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬ K٦

 W
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G


J ٩١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


Checking Brake Line Pipes and Hoses‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F،‫א‬‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢F 

J ٩٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F






‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F 
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬G 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF






E١٤F 
J ٩٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 KE١٥F،‫א‬‫א‬EF








E١٥F 
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 KE١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





E١٦F
J ٩٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 Replacing Brake Line Pipes and Hoses‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٧F 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









E١٧F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ٩٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬
‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
E
 F،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬


 W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 

،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٨F‫א‬
E١٨F 
J ٩٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

K‫א‬ J 

KE١٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
‫א‬،‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬







E١٩F 

 W
 K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
EFEF‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬
 z‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ G





J ٩٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬
E
 F‫א‬ K١
 KE٢٠F‫א‬






E٢٠F
K ، ‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،
  ‫א‬ K٥
KE٢١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F









E٢١F
J ٩٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 



  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬?٢?‫א‬ K٨
 K‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
J ٩٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K،،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬EJ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٠٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pressure   Hydraulic system
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Primary cup ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Master cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬
Secondary cup ‫א‬‫ א‬Brake tubes/ pipes ‫א‬
Outlet port ‫א‬ Brake hoses ‫א‬‫א‬
Primary piston ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Wheel cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬
Secondary piston ‫א‬‫ א‬By pass/ inlet port ‫א‬L
Reservoir  ‫א‬‫ א‬Brake fluid ‫א‬‫א‬
Return spring  Compensating port ‫א‬
Boot ‫א‬‫א‬ Dual hydraulic system ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Metering valve ‫א‬ Bleeder valve ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Combined valve ‫א‬‫ א‬Proportioning valve ‫א‬
Caliper ‫ א‬Fluid level ‫א‬
  
   

J ١٠١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٧
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٨
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ ١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ ١١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF


J ١٠٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١٦
 .(DOT 5)(DOT 3)‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K(DOT 5)(DOT 4)‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
J ١٠٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
J ١٠٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١


٧ ٨
B
A
J ١٠٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


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2. Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Delmar Publishers, 3rd
Edition, 1990.
3. BOSCH, “Automotive Handbook”, Robert Bosch GmbH, 3rd edition, 1993.
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1995.
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6. Duffy, James E., “Modern Automotive Technology”, The Goodheart-Wilcox
7. Eichhorn, Lane- Owen, Clifton, “Automotive Brake Systems”, Today’s
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1996.
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13. Lahue, Kalton C., “Automotive Brakes and Antilock Braking Systems”,
14. Remling, John, “Brakes”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
15. Stockel, M. W.; Stockel, M.T.; and Johanson, C., “Auto Service and Repair”,
16. Thiessen, Frank J., “Automotive Braking Systems”, A Reston Book.
17. Thiessen, Frank; Dales, Davies, “ Automotive Steering, Suspension, and
18. TOYOTA, “Brake System”, Toyota Motor corporation, 1999.
19. TOYOTA, “PDS & Periodic Maintenance”, Toyota Motor corporation,
2000.
20. TOYOTA, “Fundamentals of Servicing”, Toyota Motor corporation, 2000.
J ١٠٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٣٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









J ١٠٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬J ٤

 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨H٢W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

J ١٠٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Disk brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١F 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K
J ١٠٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧{٩J ٢٢{٩F١٩J ١١‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬


 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٢F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F




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
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٣F  
J ١١٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬




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
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F •  K‫א‬ •
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬ •  K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •  K •


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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٥F  
J ١١١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F  
 ‫א‬
K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
J ١١٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬KE٧F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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E‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٧F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F 
J ١١٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK






‫א‬‫א‬ WE٩F

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ١١٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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


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E١٠F  
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 KE١١F
 KE١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE١١F 
J ١١٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٢F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٣F  

J ١١٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤F
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F
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J ١١٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(V)EF‫א‬K
KE١٥F‫א‬K‫א‬






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٥F  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KG ‫א‬‫א‬G
 KG ، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬G  K
‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬G ‫א‬G
،‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬

  ‫א‬G  K‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  K‫א‬G
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

J ١١٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Brake Pad Replacemet ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬J ٣





E١F 

 ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








E٢F
J ١١٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 KEF‫א‬G

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ •
K
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬






E٣F

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


J ١٢٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 






E٤F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬G
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 





E٥F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬G
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬






E٦F 

J ١٢١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬





E٧F 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬G
 KE٨F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K[CYG
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬










E٩F E٨F


J ١٢٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬






E١٠F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١F





E١١F 
J ١٢٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬J 

‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







E١٢F 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



E١٣F

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٤F
J ١٢٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 






E١٤F  

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥F
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E١٥F  
E١٦F ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K






E١٦F 
J ١٢٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J ٤F‫א‬E
 KE١٧F،



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
E١٧F  
،  ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٠{٢٥٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬E ١٠F‫א‬EF
 KE٠{٢٤٥F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٨F، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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


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E١٨F  
J ١٢٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W 
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 
 KE١٩F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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E١٩F

 ‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

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E٢٠F

J ١٢٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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

 
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E٢١F 

 KE٢٢FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



E٢٢F 
J ١٢٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 KE٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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
E٢٣F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE٢٤F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

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E٢٤F 

 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE٢٥F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF





E٢٥F 
J ١٢٩J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٦F،EMAXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






E٢٦F

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥٠F ‫א‬K ‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EL٦٠
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ٣٠٢٠F‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬EL ٩٠
 ٨٥F ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠FEL٣٠F‫א‬
E ٤٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬E ١٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬
J ١٣٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Servicing Disc Brake Calipers‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫ א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
KEJ ٢٧FE‫א‬‫א‬










‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٧F
KEJ ٢٧F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE‫א‬F
 W
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G


 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K
J ١٣١J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٨F‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬










‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
E٠{٠٢٥FE٠{٠٠١F‫א‬‫א‬   KEJ ٢٧F
K‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬KE ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٣٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K١٠
‫א‬KE٢٧F‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ KE J ٢٧F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K E J ٢٧F
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬ K١٢
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٣٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Fixed disc‫א‬‫ א‬ Disc (Disk) ‫א‬
Floating disc ‫א‬‫א‬ Disc brakes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Sliding disc ‫א‬‫ א‬Caliper ‫א‬
Boosts ‫א‬‫א‬  Pad 
Pistons seal ‫א‬  Inboard pad ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Bleeder screw  Outboard pad ‫א‬‫א‬
  Torque plate (support plate) ‫א‬

J ١٣٤J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  
 KJ  
 K‫א‬J  
 KJ  
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
J ١٣٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF





J ١٣٦J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬










 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬

  ٦  ١


  ٧  ٢


  ٨  ٣


  ٩  ٤

 
  ٥
‫א‬‫א‬ 
J ١٣٧J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢


J ١٣٨J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
1- Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Harcourt Brace College

2- Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Delmar Publishers, 3rd
Edition, 1990.
3- BOSCH, “Automotive Handbook”, Robert Bosch GmbH, 3rd edition, 1993.
4- BOSCH, “Brake Systems”, Technical Instruction, Robert Bosch GmbH,
1995.
5- Chart, Check, “Automotive Brake Systems, Harper & Row, Publishers, NY.
6- Duffy, James E., “Modern Automotive Technology”, The Goodheart-Wilcox
7- Eichhorn, Lane- Owen, Clifton, “Automotive Brake Systems”, Today’s
8- Erjavec, Jack- Scharff, Robert, “Automotive Technology”, Delmar Pub.
1996.
9- Halderman, James D., “Automobile Brake Systems”, Prentice Hall, 2000.
10- Heisler, Heinz, “Advanced Vehicle Technology”, Edward Arnold, 1989.
11- Hillier, V.A.W., ”Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology”, Stanley
12- Johanson, Chris- Stockel, Martin, “Auto Brakes Technology”, The
13- Lahue, Kalton C., “Automotive Brakes and Antilock Braking Systems”,
14- Remling, John, “Brakes”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
15- Stockel, M. W.; Stockel, M.T.; and Johanson, C., “Auto Service and Repair”,
16- Thiessen, Frank J., “Automotive Braking Systems”, A Reston Book.
17- Thiessen, Frank; Dales, Davies, “ Automotive Steering, Suspension, and
18- TOYOTA, “Brake System”, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1999.
19- TOYOTA, “PDS & Periodic Maintenance”, Toyota Motor Corporation,
2000.
20- TOYOTA, “Fundamentals of Servicing”, Toyota Motor Corporation, 2000.
J ١٤٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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J ١١١J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 K٨H٤W‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ١٤٤J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
J ١٤٥J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Drum Brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٤٦J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١F 

‫א‬K‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٢F  
J ١٤٧J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F







‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F


J ١٤٨J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F،‫א‬‫א‬
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

J ١٤٩J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٧F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ WE٧F 
J ١٥٠J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٨F
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
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
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬WE٨F  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F



J ١٥١J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F
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‫א‬WE١٠F 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١F‫א‬
 
 
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‫א‬ WE١١F

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J ١٥٢J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٢F،EF‫א‬
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 K‫ א‬ K‫ א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  K‫ א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٢F  
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J ١٥٣J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٣F  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٧٥F‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٥٤J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٤F  
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K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٥F 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F  


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J ١٥٥J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١٦F  

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
J ١٥٦J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٧F






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
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٨F 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٥٧J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١٨F  

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩F، ‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٩F  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


J ١٥٨J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٠F  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬
 ،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬


J ١٥٩J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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
‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢١F  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬FK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٢F ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
J ١٦٠J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٢F  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٣F
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٣F 
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J ١٦١J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٤F
 
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J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F
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J ١٦٢J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٥F، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٥F  

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
J ١٦٣J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Drum Brake Service

‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F
Brake Shoe Clearance Adjustment
ENon-automatic Adjuster TypeF
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 W‫א‬
‫א‬KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



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
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٦٤J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
KE٢F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢F 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
KE‫א‬F
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 W
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
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F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
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 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ١٦٥J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 









WE٤F  ‫א‬WE٣F

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬٥– ٣‫א‬


 W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

J ١٦٦J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٥F  
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
KE٦F‫א‬ K٣






‫א‬  WE٦F  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
KE‫א‬FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬G

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬G

J ١٦٧J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 






‫א‬ WE٧F  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٨F‫א‬  K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬WE٨F

K ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
E ‫א‬FE‫א‬J  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

J ١٦٨J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







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
‫א‬WE٩F 
Brake Shoe Replacement‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K
 KE١٠F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٦٩J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬J WE١٠F

 W 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬G 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 


J ١٧٠J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥
 KE١٢F‫א‬






‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٢F 

KE١٢F‫א‬ K١٦

 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣F، ‫א‬ K١٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١٣F 

‫א‬‫א‬K‫ א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨
،
 ،E F‫א‬،E F، ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤F
J ١٧١J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F
W
K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٦FK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٧٢J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 





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
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬FG

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F

 KE‫א‬


K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F
J ١٧٣J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٧F  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬KE٩F E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١١J ١٠F‫א‬
J ١٧٤J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F 







‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE١٠F 








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬W١١ 

KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٧٥J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

،
  ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 KE‫א‬
 ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 
J ١٧٦J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Strut‫א‬ DrumEF‫א‬
Self-adjuster‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Drum brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Leading shoe‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ Hub
Primary shoe‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Brake shoe‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Trailing shoe ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Linings
Secondary shoe ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Backing plate‫א‬
Star wheel‫א‬‫א‬ Servo action ‫א‬‫א‬
Pawl Self energizing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Duo-servo brakes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Hold-down springs‫א‬‫א‬
 












J ١٧٧J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J ٧
 K‫א‬
 ‫؟‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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J ١٨٣J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Edition, 1990.
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Wilcox Company, Inc. , 2000.
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14. Remling, John, “Brakes”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
15. Stockel, M. W.; Stockel, M.T.; and Johanson, C., “Auto Service and
Repair”, The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., 1991.
18. TOYOTA, “Brake System”, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1999.
19. TOYOTA, “PDS & Periodic Maintenance”, Toyota Motor Corporation,
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20. TOYOTA, “Fundamentals of Servicing”, Toyota Motor Corporation, 2000.
J ١٨٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
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 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KE
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬





٥




 
J ١٨٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤H٢W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
J ١٨٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G





J ١٨٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
 Power Brakes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Power-assisted brakes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬FE‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬EJ F‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EJ ‫א‬F‫א‬ •
J ١٨٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Vacuum Booster‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
–
 ‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
 ٢\١٣\١
K‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ١٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E١٨J ١٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١FK‫א‬E٢١J ٢٠F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬WWE١F 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫• א‬
KE‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
J ١٩٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٠{٩–٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KEJ ٢F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEJ ٢F‫א‬‫א‬
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   
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬ E WE٢F 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬، ‫א‬EF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
J ١٩١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K •
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬integral booster ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
KE٤F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٤F 
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 A pressure multiplier or Hydrovac 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٥F 
J ١٩٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ WE٧F 
J ١٩٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ٢٨J ١٥F  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 Power Chamber ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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J ١٩٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Control Valve ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬E١FWEF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٩F  
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Reaction device‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٩٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F
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
‫أ‬
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K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬ E‫א‬ WE١٠F
 Check Valve‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F 

K‫א‬‫א‬ E K‫א‬ E
J ١٩٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ pressure differential‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، vacuum suspended unit‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
dual-diaphragm or ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢FKtandem-diaphragm
 KE‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١٢F 
J ١٩٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
-٢KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEJ F‫א‬
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EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F 
Applied position‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E١٤FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٩٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬WE١٥F  ‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٤F 

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Holding Position‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥FK
 Release Position‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬
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‫א‬ WE١٦F 
J ١٩٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
Booster Force‫א‬‫א‬
(Abs) ‫א‬‫א‬ (∆p) ‫א‬(Fbs)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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Fbs = ∆p x Abs 
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬WE١٧F  
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p2 – p1 = ∆p  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬: p1
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬: p2
 K‫א‬Dbs،xDbs)2FE٤LπFz‫א‬:Abs

Master Cylinder Force‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Fr)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Fmc)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  (Fbs) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Fmc = Fr + Fbs 


J ٢٠٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Booster Characteristic ‫א‬‫א‬
EFmc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Bbs)‫א‬‫א‬
 EFr‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Bbs = Fmc / Fr
= (Fr + Fbs) / Fr
E = 1 + (Fbs / Fr 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
EFbs = Fr × (Bbs - 1  W( Fbs )‫א‬‫א‬
Fmc = Fr × Bbs  W(Fmc)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Saturation-Point‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KRun out‫א‬Knee point‫א‬End of Assistance‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬






‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٨F 
J ٢٠١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬KEF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E ١٠٠٠٠٧٠٠٠F ‫א‬
 KE٧٠J ٣٠J F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  o
K o
K‫א‬ o
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
KHydraulic brake-booster‫א‬
‫א‬Power boost
 ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬FElectric motor‫א‬‫א‬
.E
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J ٢٠٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Hydraulic brake-booster‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٩F  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Accumulator‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠FK‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬ WE٢٠F 


J ٢٠٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 spool valve‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EFKE٢١FEFEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KEEFF ‫א‬‫א‬EFEEFF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢١F  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(Applied position) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K(Holding position)‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K(Release position)‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬،E٢١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EEF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٠٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٢F  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 







‫א‬WE٢٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬،E٢١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٢F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٢١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٠٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Power booster ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٣F







‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٣F  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، 
 KE٢٧٠٠F
J ٢٠٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬





‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٤F 
J ٢٠٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Power Brake Service

 Checking the Power Brake Booster‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (Hydraulic brake-booster) 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Vacuum booster)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Elector hydraulic or Power booster)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ١
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬FJ ٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
J ٢٠٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E٢٠١٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F،


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‫א‬‫א‬WE١F 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ١٥١‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
J ٢٠٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 KE٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

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E٢F 
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
KE٣F،‫א‬‫א‬J 
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E٣F 
J ٢١٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
KE٤F،‫א‬

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
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E٤F
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 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 KE٥F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣٠‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
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E٥F  
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J ٢١١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 KE٦F،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢٠١٧F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K E٢٠J ١٧F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ٣٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬









E٧F E٦F  

J ٢١٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F،‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
KE٨F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E٨F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ K١
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
J ٢١٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬٣٢‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
J ٢١٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬٢١‫א‬ K٤
KE‫א‬
٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ٣
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬
 E٣٤٥٠F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢١٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬٢٠K
 ‫א‬٢٠‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬،E‫א‬L
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬L٧٣٥F  ‫א‬KE‫א‬L٧٣٥J ٦٣٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
J ٢١٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬L٥٣٠J ٤٩٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









E٩F  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬L٣٠٠٢٠٠


J ٢١٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Replacement of the Power Brake Booster‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K  ‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢١٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E
 F
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ELF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٠F،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١١F ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ٢١٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 








E١١F E١٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
J ٢٢٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
J ٢٢١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Diaphragm   Booster‫א‬‫א‬
Hydraulic-booster ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vacuum booster ‫א‬‫א‬
Accumulator  ‫א‬  Power booster‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Replacement ‫א‬‫א‬ Internal leak‫א‬
Control valve ‫א‬ Check valve‫א‬
Vacuum  Tandem booster EF‫א‬
 
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J ٢٢٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
E٥F‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WJ ٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WJ ٤
 ٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 KEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKF
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
 K‫א‬EF K‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 KEF  KEF
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬EF


  W ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠



 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬J ١١
J ٢٢٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢
 
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF ، EF
 K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣



 
J ٢٢٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
٩ 


٨ 
١

٢ 



٣ 
٤ 
٧ 

٦ ٥

J ٢٢٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ٦   ١
  ٧   ٢
  ٨   ٣
  ٩   ٤
    ٥
J ٢٢٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬



 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK







 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK



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J ٢٢٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 









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
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




J ٢٢٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

1. Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Harcourt Brace
College Publishers, 2nd Edition.
Edition, 1990.
1995.
5. Chart, Check, “Automotive Brake Systems, Harper & Row, Publishers,
NY.
6. Duffy, James E., “Modern Automotive Technology”, The Goodheart-
Wilcox Company, Inc. , 2000.
1996.
11. Hillier, V.A.W.,”Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology”, Stanley
15. Stockel, M. W.; Stockel, M.T.; and Johanson, C., “Auto Service and
Repair”, The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., 1991.
16. Tempest, Clifford M, “Automotive Service Technology”, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 3rd Edition.
18. Thiessen, Frank; Dales, Davies, “Automotive Steering, Suspension, and
2000.
21. TOYOTA, “Fundamentals of Servicing”, Toyota Motor Corporation, 2000.
J ٢٢٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  E F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



٦ 



J ٢٣١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

K٪٧٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤H٢W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 
J ٢٣٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Parking Brakes‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١F 


‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٪٣٠‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٤٥٠F‫א‬E٣٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬

J ٢٣٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ o
K‫א‬G
KG
 K‫א‬G
W‫א‬ o
 KEFG
 KG
W‫א‬‫א‬ o
 W‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
 KE٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٢F 
J ٢٣٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬EFK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣F   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٤F 
J ٢٣٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
 
 KE٥F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٥F 
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ٢٣٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬K
 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬(T)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 
J ٢٣٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E
  F
E ‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ WE٧F 
J ٢٣٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K E٨F‫א‬






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٣٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F 
J ٢٤٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١١F







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١١F 

 ‫א‬J ٣
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٢F  

J ٢٤١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F،‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٣F







J ٢٤٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
Dynamic brake analyzer‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬E٩F‫א‬
 KE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






J ٢٤٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 





٨ 
٩ ١ ٢ ٣ 



٤ 
٧ 
١ ٢ ٣ ٥ ٦


 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٣F  

‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦ K‫א‬ ١
K‫א‬ ٧ K‫א‬‫ א‬٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ ٨ K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ ٩ K ٤
K‫א‬ ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٤٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٤٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬

(Fb) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (N)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٪F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Fb 
Z= × 100
GZ × g 

 

K(%)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WZ
K(N)‫א‬ WFb
K(Kg)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ WGZ
10 m/sec²‫א‬‫א‬
Wg.
J ٢٤٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W
 GZ = 1350 (Kg)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 g = 9.81(m/ sec²)‫א‬‫א‬
 FB = 7600 (N)‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫؟‬(%)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 Z = 7600 ×100
1350 ×10
=56.3 %


 W‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٤٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




















J ٢٤٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Parking Brake Service
 Inspection of Parking Brake Lever ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٦F٢٠‫א‬‫א‬KE١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨– ٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧– ٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ WE١F 
J ٢٤٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K

KE٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •

،EK ٥{٤–K٥٥‫א‬F‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 





‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F 
 Parking Brake Cable Adjustment‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٥٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 W‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ K٣
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣F 
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
KE٤F،‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
J ٢٥١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 










‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٤F  
 W 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KE٥F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G







‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٥F  


J ٢٥٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 









J ٢٥٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Cable  EF Parking brakes  ‫א‬‫א‬
Cable adjustment  ‫א‬ Lever ‫א‬
Cable  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Warning light  
replacement
Pedal  ‫א‬ Application  ‫א‬
cables
Equalizer  ‫א‬ Hand brake  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
Foot operated ‫א‬
Control cable
parking brake
Clamp   Vacuum release ‫א‬
Cable adjuster ‫ א‬ Brake linkage  ‫א‬‫א‬
Dynamic brake ‫א‬

analyzer  ‫א‬‫א‬
   


J ٢٥٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
E٦F‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ ٦
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 K١٠J    K٣J  
 K٧J    K٥J  
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
J ٢٥٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬










J ٢٥٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

Edition, 1990.
1995.
1996.
2000.



J ٢٥٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

( ANTI LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ) ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬
‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬KK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٥٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

K٪٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 K٨H٤W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٥٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬G
 K‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G












J ٢٦٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EAntilock Brake System (ABS


E ‫א‬‫א‬KKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬F
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
E
 
 F‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٢F،‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F ‫ א‬‫א‬WE١F 
‫א‬‫א‬
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J ٢٦١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE ‫א‬
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬ WE٣F 
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J ٢٦٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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W، W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
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 W‫א‬‫א‬
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 WE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K •  K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ • K •
 K‫א‬ •
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٤ F  
J ٢٦٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K‫א‬ •
K •
KEF •

‫א‬K ‫א‬،
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K
‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 KE٦F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٥F  


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J ٢٦٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٧F 
 KE٨F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬J ،‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F  


J ٢٦٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE٩F  
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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
J ٢٦٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E،،F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
J ٢٦٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F
J ٢٦٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،  •
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ •
‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، •
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KE ‫א‬١٥٥F ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
J ٢٦٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١F








‫א‬WE١٢F ‫א‬WE١١F

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F،‫א‬
J ٢٧٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬ WE١٣F  
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٧١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 Antilock Brake System Service
 ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،E ‫א‬EF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ WE١F 
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J ٢٧٢J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 W
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(DOT 5)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،E ٤٨F ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
J ٢٧٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F o
KE‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

  
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K 
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬KKKK

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

‫א‬‫א‬KE١٣٧٩٠F‫א‬L٢٠٠٠

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

 K‫א‬K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G




J ٢٧٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K   ‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ٢٧٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ١٤{٥F ‫א‬E
 ١٣F ‫א‬
١٠J ٩{٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬KE
 ١٥J ١٤{٥FE
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E
 F
 K‫א‬
J ٢٧٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
KE  F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E F‫א‬‫א‬ K
J ٢٧٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬(ON) ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٢F ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢٧٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬










‫א‬ WE٢F 
J ٢٧٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬E ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٣F ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE١٠٠٠F ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬







‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٤FK
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٤F 
J ٢٨٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
E‫א‬F(ON)‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬





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
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J ٢٩٣J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬


J ٢٩٤J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Wheel-Speed  Anti Lock Brake
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Sensor  ‫ א‬System(ABS).

Indicator Lights ABS Control Module ‫א‬‫א‬
 
Data Link
Connector ‫א‬ Hydraulic Control Unit ‫א‬‫א‬
(DLC)
Slip rate  ‫א‬ Solenoid Valves ‫א‬‫א‬
Vehicle Speed  ‫א‬ Electric motor and pump ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Wheel Speed  ‫א‬ Brake Fluid Reservoir ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Coefficient of 
Brake Pedal Sensor  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Friction  ‫א‬
Wheel Sensor 
Relays  
Siginal  ‫א‬
J ٢٩٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
E٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 K‫א‬J  
 K‫א‬‫א‬J  
 K‫א‬‫א‬J  
 KJ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  
 KJ  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  




J ٢٩٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J ٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
 KJ 
 KJ 
 KJ 
 KJ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١١
 KEF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF   K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF






J ٢٩٧J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 





J ٢٩٨J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
J ٢٩٩J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ ٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
  ‫א‬ ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
J ٣٠٠J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
J ٣٠١J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 

Edition, 1990.
4. BOSCH, “Brake Systems”, Technical Instruction, Robert Bosch GmbH, 1995.
8. Erjavec, Jack- Scharff, Robert, “Automotive Technology”, Delmar Pub. 1996.
2000.
 J ٣٠٢J
 ‫א‬ ٢١٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
  
 ١  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤٣  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٣١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥٨  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٠٢  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 

‫א‬‫ א‬WE١١F 

Mechanical advantage (MA)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Check and Adjustment of Brake Pedal‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 

 Brake Inspection Check-list‫א‬‫א‬

1- Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Harcourt Brace College

 Brake hydraulic systems ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ WE٢٤F 

DOT 5 DOT 4 DOT 3 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٣٤F 

‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٣٥F  

‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٣٦F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٣٧F 

 Pressure control valves‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Checking Master Cylinder Fluid ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١F 

‫א‬ WE٢F  

Bleeding Air from Hydraulic Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J J ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬WE٩F

WManual bleeding‫א‬‫א‬ K

Master Cylinder Replacement‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٥F 

‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 

Checking and Replacing of Wheel Cylinder‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ WE٩F 

‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٠F  

 Replacing Brake Line Pipes and Hoses‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1. Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Harcourt Brace College

‫א‬‫א‬ WE١١F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٢F 

 Brake Pad Replacemet ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Servicing Disc Brake Calipers‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1- Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Harcourt Brace College

‫א‬ WE٧F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٣F  

 Drum Brake Service

KE٢F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Brake Shoe Replacement‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1. Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Harcourt Brace

2. Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Delmar Publishers, 3rd

 A pressure multiplier or Hydrovac 

‫א‬‫א‬ WE٧F 

‫א‬WE١٥F  ‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٤F 

‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٨F 

‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٤F 

 Checking the Power Brake Booster‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Replacement of the Power Brake Booster‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٤F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٦F 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ WE٧F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F 

Dynamic brake analyzer‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 GZ = 1350 (Kg)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 FB = 7600 (N)‫א‬

 Inspection of Parking Brake Lever ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬