CHNG 4:

CT THP
4.1 KHI QUT CHUNG
1. c im chung
u ct: cc kt
cu bn trn v phn
phi ti trng xung
thn ct.
Chn ct: l b phn
lin kt ct vi mng v
phn phi ti trng t
ct thp xung mng
BTCT.
Thn ct: l b phn
chu lc chnh v truyn
ti trng t trn xung
di.
4.1 KHI QUT CHUNG
2. Cc loi ct
- Theo s dng: ct nh cng nghip, ct nh cao tng, ct sn,

- Theo cu to: ct tit din c, ct tit din rng, ct tit din khng
i, ct c tit din thay i, ct bc,
Gi tn ct kt hp c 3 loi trn: ct c chu nn ng tm ca nh cng
nghip.
- Theo s chu lc:
Ct nn ng tm (N 0, M = 0),
Ct nn lch tm, ct nn un (N, M).
a) b) c) d) e)
y
x
y
x
y
x
y
x
y
x
=
4.1 KHI QUT CHUNG
3. S tnh, chiu di tnh ton, v mnh
Gii php lin kt : ( u ct v chn ct) c la
chn tu theo mc ch v yu cu chu lc :
. Lin kt khp (M=0)
. Lin kt ngm cng (Gc xoay=0)
. Lin kt ngm trt (khi x ngang c cng rt ln)
. Lin kt ngm n hi (Trung gian gia khp v ngm);
a) S tnh
Trc dc ca ct (trc tnh ton) theo phng z-z.
Lin kt chn ct v u ct :
- Lin kt 2 u ct c th khc nhau;
- Lin kt theo 2 trc x-x v y-y ca tit din ct c th
khc nhau.
y
x
1-1
y
x
z
4.1 KHI QUT CHUNG
3. S tnh, chiu di tnh ton, v mnh
a) S tnh
Lin kt chn ct: c th l ngm hoc khp;
- Lin kt khp: thng c s dng cho ct
chu nn ng tm; khi nn t yu.
- Lin kt ngm: c s dng tng cng
tng th ca cng trnh, gim chuyn v ngang ca
ct.
Lin kt u ct: c th l lin kt khp hoc
lin kt cng.
y
x
1-1
Ct thp
Dm thp
y
x
z
Lin kt cng
b) Chn ct lin kt ngm a) Chn ct lin kt khp
F
F
4.1 KHI QUT CHUNG
3. S tnh, chiu di tnh ton, v mnh
b) Chiu di tnh ton
Chiu di tnh ton c s dng cho tnh ton n
nh tng th ca ct thp.
l
Khi ct c tit din khng i :
l l
x x
=
l l
y y
=
lx : l chiu di tnh ton ca ct i vi trc x-
x (khi tit din cot xoay quanh trc x-x);
ly l chiu di tnh ton ca ct i vi trc y-y
(khi tit din ct xoay quanh trc y-y).
l : l chiu di hnh hc ca ct (bng nhau theo
c 2 phng);
y x
,
y
x
1-1
: l h s chiu di tnh ton cua cot, ph thuc vo s lin kt 2
u ct v ni lc nn dc trong ct.
y
x
z
4.1 KHI QUT CHUNG
3. S tnh, chiu di tnh ton, v mnh
c) mnh ca ct
i vi trc x-x :
A I
l
i
l
x
x
x
x
x
/
= =
A I
l
i
l
y
y
y
y
y
/
= =
i vi trc y-y :
Thng thng ct c x y.
Kh nng chu nn ng tm ca ct c quyt
nh theo phng c mnh ln nht :
iu kin lm vic hp l ca ct
chu nn ng tm : (ct lm vic
ng n nh theo 2 phng)
iu kin ct lm vic bnh thng trong
qu trnh s dng (TTGH 2):
l
y
x
1-1
y x
=
| | s
max
y
x
z
) ; max(
max y x
=
4.2 CT C

CHU NN NG TM
1. Hnh dng tit din ct c:
2. Nguyn tc tnh ton ct c chu nn ng tm
a) Tnh ton v bn (TTGH 1)
b) Tnh ton v n nh tng th (TTGH 1)
c) Tnh ton v n nh cc b :
- iu kin n nh cc b ca bn bng;
- iu kin n nh cc b ca bn cnh;
- Gii php sn ngang, dc cho bn bng ca ct.
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
1. Hnh dng tit din ct:
a) Tit din dng ch I v ch H
(t c ti liu)
u im:
- Cu to n gin, d
ch to. Ch s dng 4
ng hn i vi ct t
hp hn.
- D lin kt vi cc dm
2 phng. S dng
ph bin nht.
Nhc im:
- C Ix >> Iy hay ix >> iy => Ch dng thch hp cho ct chu nn ng tm
c .
- C th iu chnh cc kch thc thit din h, bf, tf, tw c
hoc c th s dng tit din ghp t cc thp hnh ch I v C.
y x
>>
y x
=
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
1. Hnh dng tit din ct:
b) Tit din dng ch thp
(t c ti liu)
u im:
- Tit din c ix = iy => s dng hp l khi
ct chu nn ng tm c lx = ly.
- C th iu chnh tit din ct ix = k iy
=> d m bo iu kin ng n nh
theo 2 phng.
- Ch to n gin: c 2 hay 4 ng hn
(hnh a v b).
Nhc im:
- Lin kt phc tp (ch gn bng vi bng).
- Khi cn tit din c A ln th h/t v b/t ln => iu kin n nh cc b km.
S dng trng hp c) th lin kt phc tp (thm 16 ng hn). S dng
cho ct chu ti trng ln.
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
1. Hnh dng tit din ct:
c) Tit din kn
(t c ti liu)
u im:
- Tit din kn c ix, iy
ln (vt liu c a
ra xa trc trung ho)
=> chu lc tt hn.
- Hnh dng kin trc
gn v p, c bit l
tit din thp ng.
Nhc im:
- Khng bo dng c mt bn trong ca tit din => d b g.
- Hn kh, d cong vnh.
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
2. Nguyn tc tnh ton ct c chu nn ng tm
a) Tnh ton v bn (TTGH 1)
An : l din tch tit din thc cua tiet dien cot, tr i phn gim
yu do khot l.
b) Tnh ton v n nh tng th (TTGH 1)
c
n
f
A
N
o s =
Ch xt n tng tit din nguy him,
cha xt n c on ct
c
f
A
N

s
min
A : l din tch tit din nguyn, khng tr phn gim yu.
: l h s un dc nh nht ca ct,
ph thuc vo
c tra Bng ph lc II.1 hoc tnh theo Cng thc 4.8 n 4.11.
) ; max(
max y x
=
min

| | s
max
v
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
2. Nguyn tc tnh ton ct c chu nn ng tm
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 40 80 120 160 200

f = 2100 daN/cm
2
; E = 2 060 000 daN/cm
2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

f = 2100 daN/cm
2
; E = 2 060 000 daN/cm
2
Elastic
buckling
Quan h gia h s un dc v mnh ca ct i vi thp mc CCT38:
mnh ca ct mnh qui i ca ct
E f / =
Gim
theo
mnh
n
hi
n
do
Chy
do
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
2. Nguyn tc tnh ton ct c chu nn ng tm
c) Tnh ton v n nh cc b ca bn thp
ct chu lc c hiu qu th ng sut gii hn v n nh cc b phi
ln hn hay hp l nht l bng ng sut gii hn v n nh tng th

ng sut php (hoc tip) gii hn v n nh cc b ca bn thp thng
ly ln hn ng sut gii hn v n nh tng th ca ct, v bng vi ng
sut gii hn v bn:
f
cr
= o
v cr
f = t
Hay ni cch khc, mnh gii hn ca cc bn bng v bn cnh ct
phi m bo khng b mt n nh cc b trc khi ct b mt n nh
tng th hay b ph hoi v bn.
: Cng chu nn tnh ton ca thp;
: Cng chu ct tnh ton ca thp.
f
v
f
: ng sut php gii hn
: ng sut tip gii hn
cr
o
cr
t
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
2. Nguyn tc tnh ton ct c chu nn ng tm
c) Tnh ton v n nh cc b ca bn thp
iu kin n nh cc b ca bn bng: (

s
w
w
w
w
t
h
t
h
(

w
w
t
h
l mnh gii hn ca bn bng,
tnh theo Bng 4.3, ph thuc loi
tit din ct, mnh tnh i v vt
liu thp lm ct.
iu kin n nh cc b ca bn cnh:
(
(

s
f f
t
b
t
b
0 0
b0 = (bf tw)/2 l chiu rng nh ra ca bn cnh.
mnh gii hn ca bn cnh nh ra, tra Bng 4.4, ph thuc vo
dng tit din ct v mnh tnh i.
(
(

f
t
b
0
x
tw
tf
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
2. Nguyn tc tnh ton ct c chu nn ng tm
c) Tnh ton v n nh cc b ca bn thp
Khi iu kin n nh cc b ca bn bng dm khng m bo th c cc
gii php sau:
PA2. C th khng cn thay i kch thc bn
bng nu :




(

s <
(

w
w
w
w
w
w
t
h
t
h
t
h
2
( )
w f f
h C t b A
1
2 + =
(

=
w
w
w
t
h
t C 5 , 0
1
PA1. Thay i kch thc bn bng dm tf v bf.
v ng thi n nh tng th ca ct c m bo vi din tch tit din
c ly ch k n 2 phn bn bng hu hiu tip gip vi 2 cnh, b qua
kh nng chu lc ca phn bn bng gia do b cong vnh:
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
2. Nguyn tc tnh ton ct c chu nn ng tm
c) Tnh ton v n nh cc b ca bn thp
PA3. t sn ngang cho bn bng ca ct:
Khi tit din c


th phi t cc sn ngang cch nhau 1
khong

v yu cu c t nht 2 sn ngang cho mi
on chuyn ch.
f
E
t
h
w
w
3 , 2 >
w
h a ) 3 5 , 2 ( =
Yu cu tit din ca sn ngang:
E
f
b t
s
2 > 40
30
+ >
w
s
h
b
50
24
+ >
w
s
h
b
mm khi b tr i xng 2 bn.
mm khi b tr 1 bn.
2
,
5

3
h
w

Sn
ngang
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
2. Nguyn tc tnh ton ct c chu nn ng tm
c) Tnh ton v n nh cc b ca bn thp
PA4. t sn dc cho bn bng dm:
Khi chiu cao tit din ln (h > 1 m), nu iu
kin n nh cc b ca bn bng khng m bo
=> c th s dng gii php gia cng bng
sn ngang v sn dc; thay v tng b dy ca
bn bng ln qu dy.
Yu cu kch thc ca sn dc:
w sd
t b 10 >
w sd
t t 75 , 0 >
Kch thc sn dc c k vo tit din tnh ton ca ct
gi tr mnh gii hn ca bn bng tng ln, ly bng nhn vi h s .
Vic s dng sn dc lm tng cng ch to, cu to phc tp hn.
2
,
5

3
h
w

Sn
ngang
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
2. Nguyn tc tnh ton ct c chu nn ng tm
d) Kh nng chu nn ng tm ca ct c
| | | | | | { }

N N N
b
; min =
Kh nng chiu luc cua cot theo iu kin bn:
Kh nng chiu luc cua cot theo iu kin n nh tng th:
| |
c n b
f A N =
| |
c c
f A f A N

= =
min
trong :
c
n
f
A
N
o s =
c
f
A
N

s
min
3. Cc bc thit k
ct c
chu nn ng tm
3.1 Chn so bo tit din ct c

3.2 Kim tra tit din ct chn

3.3 Xc nh tit din ct theo mnh ti hn

3.3 Lin kt bn cnh v bn bng ct
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.1 Chn tit din ct
a) Chn hnh dng tit din ct:

b) Xc nh din tch tit din yu cu Ayc theo iu
kin n nh tng th:

c) Chn kch thc ca bn cnh, bn bng theo
mnh gi thit :

4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.1 Chn tit din ct
a) Chn hnh dng tit din ct:
- Lc dc N,
- Vt liu thp,
- S lin kt 2
u ct,
- Chiu di tnh ton
ca ct lx v ly.
Chn hnh dng tit din ct .
bit:
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.1 Chn tit din ct
b) Xc nh din tch tit din yu cu theo iu kin n nh tng th:
c
yc
f
N
A

=
min
: l h s un dc nh nht,
c xc nh t mnh ln nht ca
ct (vn cha bit).
min

gt = 100 120 khi N s 1500 kN;

gt = 70 100 khi N = 1500 3000 kN;
gt = 50 70 khi N = 3000 4000 kN;
gt = 40 50 khi N > 4000 kN.
mnh ln nht ca ct c gi thit da theo ln ca lc nn N:
T v vt liu thp (f, E) => Xc nh => Xc nh Ayc.
gt
=
max
gt

gt

Xc nh theo mnh gi thit

c
f
A
N

s
min
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.1 Chn tit din ct
c) Chn kch thc ca bn cnh, bn bng theo mnh gi thit :
gt x x
l i / =
h i
x x
=o gt x
x
yc
l
h
o
=
gt y y
l i / =
b i
y y
=o
gt y
y
yc
l
b
o
=
: l cc h s xc nh gn ng cc bn knh qun tnh
ca tit din, c tra Bng 4.5 ph thuc vo loi tit din.
x
o
y
o
V d vi ct tit din ch H: 42 , 0 =
x
o
24 , 0 =
y
o
v
x
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.1 Chn tit din ct
d) Chn kch thc ca bn cnh, bn bng theo yu cu cu to :
tf = 8 40 mm

tw = 6 16 mm
b h >
b h ) 15 , 1 1 ( =
Cc yu cu cu to:
x
tw
tf
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.2 Kim tra
tit din ct chn
a) Xc nh cc c trng hnh hc ca tit din chn:

b) Kim tra v bn

c) Kim tra v n nh tng th

d) Kim tra n nh cc b ca bn cnh v bn bng i
vi ct t hp t cc bn thp:
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.2 Kim tra tit din ct chn
a) Xc nh cc c trng hnh hc ca tit din chn:
An , A , Ix , Iy , lx , ly ,
x x x
i l / =
| | s = ) ; max(
max y x
A I i
x x
/ = A I i
y y
/ =
y y y
i l / =
min

Tra bng ph lc II.1 hoc theo Cng thc 4.8-4.11

i vi ct dng ch H c (hay iy < ix) v ly lx th

=> ch cn kim tra n nh tng th i vi trc y-y, trc vung gc vi cnh.
b h > y
=
max
x
tw
tf
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.2 Kim tra tit din ct chn
b) Kim tra v bn
c
n
f
A
N
o s =
c) Kim tra v n nh tng th
c
f
A
N

o s =
min
d) Kim tra n nh cc b ca bn cnh v bn bng i vi ct t
hp t cc bn thp:
(

s
w
w
w
w
t
h
t
h
(
(

s
f f
t
b
t
b
0 0
x
tw
tf
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.3 Xc nh tit din ct theo mnh ti hn
x
tw
tf
i vi ct c chiu di ln v chu lc dc trc N nh.
Trong trng hp ny iu kin bn thng c tho mn.
| | =
gt
yc
A A >
| |
x
yc x x
l
i i = >
,
| |
y
yc y y
l
i i = >
,
Xc nh Ayc theo mnh gi thit:
Tit din chn phi m bo:
4.2 CT C CHU NN NG TM
3. Cc bc thit k ct c chu nn ng tm
3.4 Lin kt bn cnh v bn bng ct
x
Lin kt gia bn cnh v bn bng ca ct
thp t hp phi m bo chu lc ct V.

Trong trng hp ct chu nn ng tm th
lc ct V sinh ra do ct b un dc hay ct
chu cc tc dng ngu nhin gy un.

Lc V kh nh nn lin kt c ly theo
cu to.

Vi ct t hp hn th ly ng hn chy
sut chiu di ct v hf = 6 8 mm.
4.3 CT RNG

CHU NN NG TM
1. Cu to thn ct rng
2. S lm vic ca ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm
2.1 i vi trc thc y-y:
2.2 i vi trc o x-x:
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
a) Ct rng thanh ging:
b) Ct rng bn ging :
4.2 CT RNG CHU NN NG TM
1. Cu to thn ct rng : (t c ti liu)
Cu kin ct chu nn ng tm thng mt kh nng chu lc do mt n nh
tng th;

tng kh nng chu lc v n nh tng th ca ct, cn phi tm cch a
vt liu cng ra xa trc trung ho cng tt, theo c 2 phng chnh x-x v y-y;

=> Cn tng Ix v Iy (hay ix v iy ) m khng lm tng nhiu din tch tit
din A.
y
x
y
x
Din tch tit din A ca c thp hp v thp c l khng i;
Tuy nhin, m men qun tnh I ca thp hp ln hn nhiu ln thp c
Thp hp Thp c
A1 = A2

I1 >> I2
1. Cu to thn ct rng :
a) Cc hnh dng ca tit din ct rng:
(t c ti liu)
Cc gii
php a
vt liu
thp ra xa
trc trung
ho, theo
c trc x-x
v y-y:
1. Cu to thn ct rng :
b) Gii php lin kt 2 nhnh ct rng:
(t c ti liu)
S dng cc thanh thp hnh
(thng l thp gc L hoc thp
[ ) lin kt cc nhnh ct vi
nhau;

gi l ct rng thanh ging.

Cc thanh lin kt 2 nhnh ct
gi l thanh ging (hoc thanh
ni, thanh bng).
Nhnh ct
Thanh ging
1. Cu to thn ct rng : (t c ti liu)
S dng cc bn thp lin
kt cc nhnh ct vi nhau;

gi l ct rng bn ging.

Cc bn thp lin kt 2 nhnh
ct c gi l bn ging (hoc
bn ni).
Nhnh ct
Bn ging
C th to ra cc ct rng thanh
ging (hoc bn ging) gm 2 nhnh,
3 nhnh, 4 nhnh,
b) Gii php lin kt 2 nhnh ct rng:
1. Cu to thn ct rng : (t c ti liu)
Khi N 350 tn : s dng ct rng 2 nhnh c tit din dng ch [.
Khi 350 < N 600 tn : s dng ct rng 2 nhnh c tit din dng ch I.
Khi lc nn N
khng ln,
nhng ct c
chiu cao ln (c
mnh ln, d
b mt n nh
tng th):
=> s dng ct
rng 3, 4,
nhnh tit din
thp gc hoc
thp ng .
s
s
c) c im ca cc loi ct rng:
1. Cu to thn ct rng : (t c ti liu)
Ct rng thanh ging c cng v kh nng chng xon ln hn ct rng
bn ging.
Khe h gia cc nhnh ca ct rng khng c nh hn 100 ~ 150 mm.
Ct rng bn ging ch nn s dng khi
khong cch gia 2 nhnh ct khng ln,
C = 0,8 n 1 m.
Nu khong cch 2 nhnh ct ln s yu
cu kch thc bn ging rt ln m
bo lin kt cc nhnh ct cng lm vic
=> ni lc trong bn ging M v V ln =>
tn vt liu lm bn ging, kh m bo
lin kt gia bn ging v 2 nhnh ct.
c) c im ca cc loi ct rng:
1. Cu to thn ct rng : (t c ti liu)
Gc gia trc ca thanh bng xin v trc ca
nhnh ct phi ln d lin kt v tit
kim vt liu:
u = 40o 45o khi c thanh ngang;
u = 50o 60o khi khng c thanh ngang.
Khi lin kt thanh ging vo nhnh ct khng
dng bn m th c th cho php trc ca cc
thanh ging hi t mp ngoi ca nhnh.
Thanh ging thng l 1 thp gc loi nh nht
L40x5.
H thanh ging c b tr theo s tam gic
c thanh ngang hoc khng c thanh ngang.
Hoc c th l dng ch thp hoc hnh thoi khi
khong cch gia cc nhnh ct ln.
d) Cu to ca h Thanh ging:
x0
x0
x0
x0
1. Cu to thn ct rng : (t c ti liu)
Kch thc tit din ca bn ging (b dy tb,
chiu cao db) c th c chn s b nh sau:
db = (0,5 0,8) h

tb = 6 12 mm
b b
d t
|
.
|

\
|
=
30
1
10
1
b b
b t
50
1
>
Bn ging chng nn nhnh ct mt khong 40
~ 50 mm khi dng lin kt hn, v cu
to khi dng lin kt bu lng.
Cn b tr cc vch cng dc theo chiu di
ct, cch nhau khong 3 ~ 4 m.
Mi ct hay mi on ct chuyn ch cn
c t nht 2 vch cng.
e) Cu to ca h Bn ging:
x0
x0
x0
x0
2. S lm vic ca
ct rng 2 nhnh
chu nn ng tm
2.1 S lm vic ca ct rng
i vi trc thc y-y:


2.2 S lm vic ca ct rng
i vi trc o x-x:
x0
x0
x0
x0
2. S lm vic ca ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm:
2.1 i vi trc thc y-y:
Trong 2 nhnh ct rng xut hin ni lc v
bin dng, nhng trong cc thanh ging v bn
ging khng xut hin ni lc v bin dng.
Thc t cc thanh ging v bn ging dch
chuyn theo cc nhnh ct, nhng khng c s
dch chuyn tng i gia hai u ca cc
thanh ging hoc bn ging.
2 nhnh ct lm vic c lp vi nhau, ging
nh 2 ct c ring bit c tit din l mt
thp dng ch [ .
Khi ct rng b mt n nh tng th (b cong) i
vi trc thc y-y, c ngha l tit din ca ct b
xoay quanh trc thc y-y do b un dc.
x0
x0
x0
x0
2. S lm vic ca ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm:
2.1 i vi trc thc y-y:
mnh ca ct rng i vi trc thc y-y:
yo
f
yo
f
yo y
y
i
A
I
A
I
A
I
i = = = =
2
2
yo
y
y
y
y
i
l
i
l
= =
Bn knh qun tnh ca tit din ct rng i vi
trc thc y-y bng bn knh qun tnh ca 1
nhnh ct i vi trc bn thn y0-y0.
mnh ca ct rng i vi trc thc y-y:
y0
y0
x0
x0
x0
x0
(tip 2/2)
2. S lm vic ca ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm:
2.2 i vi trc o x-x:
Khi ct rng b mt n nh tng th (b cong) i
vi trc o x-x, tit din ca ct rng b xoay quanh
trc o x-x do b un dc, 2 nhnh ct rng c xu
hng trt tng i vi nhau.
H bng rng (gm cc thanh ging hoc bn
ging) c nhim v lin kt 2 nhnh ct li vi
nhau chng li s trt tng i gia 2
nhnh ct.
Gia hai u ca cc thanh ging hoc bn
ging c s dch chuyn tng i vi nhau. Do
vy xut hin ni lc v bin dng trong cc
thanh ging v bn ging.
H bng rng cng vi 2 nhnh ct to thnh
mt h thng nht cng tham gia chu lc
khi b un quanh trc o x-x.
y0
y0
x0
x0
x0
x0
2. S lm vic ca ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm:
2.2 i vi trc o x-x:
Do cc thanh ging v bn ging b bin dng nn
khong cch gia cc nhnh ct rng c xu hng
dch li gn nhau hn:
Ct : l khong cch thc t gia 2 nhnh ct rng
khi lm vic quanh trc o x-x, khi h bng rng b
bin dng;
C : l khong cch gia 2 nhnh ct rng khi
cha chu lc, khi h bng rng cha b bin dng.
Ix : l mmen qun tnh ca tit din ct rng
i vi trc o x-x khi khng k n bin dng
ca h bng rng.
Ixt : l mmen qun tnh thc ca tit din ct
rng i vi trc o x-x (c k n bin dng ca
h bng rng); C
C C
t
<
x xt
I I <
(tip 2/6)
2. S lm vic ca ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm:
2.2 i vi trc o x-x:
mnh ca ct rng khi k n bin dng ca h
thanh bng s tng ln bao nhiu ?
Lc nn ti hn thc t (khi k n bin dng
ca h thanh bng) ca ct rng i vi trc o
nh hn lc nn ti hn khi khng k n bin
dng ca h bng rng.
C
x

: l mnh ca ct i vi trc o x-x khi khng

k n bin dng ca h thanh bng;
: l mnh tng ng ca ct i vi trc o
x-x khi c k n bin dng ca h thanh bng.
?
0
=
x xt
N N <
x
>
0
Bit rng:
(tip 3/6)
2. S lm vic ca ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm:
2.2 i vi trc o x-x:
Xc nh lc nn ti hn thc ca ct rng i vi
trc o x-x:
C
Khi h bng rng cha bin dng (Euler):
2
2
x
x
x
l
I E
N

=
t
Khi h bng rng b bin dng:
l gc trt ca tit din ct do lc ct bng
n v gy ra.
1

vo biu thc trn ta c:

2
x x
i A I = Thay v
x x x
i l =
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
x
x x
x
xt
l
I E l
I E
N

+

=
t

t
(tip 4/6)
2. S lm vic ca ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm:
2.2 i vi trc o x-x:
Biu thc xc nh lc ti hn thc ca ct rng i
vi trc o x-x khi k n bin dng ca h bng rng:
C
2 2
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
1
1
x x
x x x
x
xt
i
i A E i
i A E
N

t
2
0
2
2 2
2

t

t A E A E
N
x t
xt

=

=
hoc
x t
=
0
2
2
1
1
x
t
A E

t


+ =
l mnh tng ng ca
ct rng i vi trc o x-x:
l h s xt n s bin
dng ca h bng rng.
(tip 5/6)
2. S lm vic ca ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm:
2.2 i vi trc o x-x:
C
) 2 /(
f x
x
x
x
x
A I
l
i
l
= =
)
4
( 2
2
0
C
A I I
f x x
+ =
l mnh ban u ca ct rng i vi trc o x-x,
khi khng xt n s bin dng ca h bng rng.
l mmen qun tnh ban u ca tit din ct rng
i vi trc o x-x khi khng xt n s bin dng
ca bng rng.
trong :
(tip 6/6)
2.3 Xc nh
mnh tng ng
ca ct rng
a) Ct rng thanh ging:

b) Ct rng bn ging :
?
0
=
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
a) Ct rng thanh ging:
H ct rng thanh
ging khi un dc
quanh trc o x-x
c xem nh
mt h gin
phng;
Chu lc ct V v
mmen gy ko
nn cho cc
nhnh ct.
N
N
V
V
a)
b)
Ko
Nn
Ct
Ct rng thanh ging b un cong i vi trc o x-x
Nhnh ct
Nhnh ct
Thanh ging
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
a) Ct rng thanh ging:
1
V=1
C
V=1
u u
o

cos sin
1

=
A
~
d
l a
1 d
d b
A E
l N

= o
l gin di trong
thanh bng xin
u sin
1
=
b
N
l lc ko dc trc
trong thanh bng
xin.
u u

cos sin
1
2
1
1

~
d
A E
A
a
V
V
o
C
Tch 1 on khoang
ct rng thanh ging
(tip 2/4)
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
a) Ct rng thanh ging:
2
2
1
1
x
t
A E

t


+ =
2
1
2
2
cos sin
1
x d
t
A
A
u u
t

+ =
2
1
1
. 1
x d
t
A
A

o + =
u u
t
o
cos sin
2
2
1

=
Ad1 l tng din tch ca cc thanh bng xin 2 mt rng ca ct trn cng
1 tit din ct :


At l din tch tit din ca thanh bng xin 1 mt rng;
vi
t d
A A 2
1
=
H s xt n s bin dng ca h bng rng:
(tip 3/4)
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
a) Ct rng thanh ging:
mnh tng ng ca ct rng thanh ging 2 nhnh i
vi trc o x-x:
1
1
2
0
d
x x t
A
A
+ = =
o

u u
t
o
cos sin
2
2
1

=
) 2 /(
f x
x
x
x
x
A I
l
i
l
= =
)
4
( 2
2
0
C
A I I
f x x
+ =

(tip 4/4)
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
b) Ct rng bn ging:
H ct rng bn
ging khi un
dc quanh trc
o x-x c
xem nh c m
men un bng
khng ti cc
im gia ca
cc on nhnh
ct v bn
ging => coi l
khp ti cc
im .
N
N
V
V
C
a
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
b) Ct rng bn ging:
H ct rng bn ging khi un dc quanh trc o x-x c xem nh c m
men un bng khng ti cc im gia ca cc on nhnh ct v bn
ging.
a/2
a/2
a/2
a/2
=> coi l khp ti cc im gia .
(tip 2/7)
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
b) Ct rng bn ging:
a/2
a/2
a/2
a/2
Bin dng ca h bn ging l do lc ct gy ra v ph thuc vo t s
cng n v gia cc on nhnh ct v bn ging:
a
C
I
I
C I
a I
n
b
xo
b
xo
= =
12
3
b b
b
d t
I

=
Ixo : l mmen qun tnh
ca 1 tit din nhnh ct i vi
trc bn thn x0-x0;
(tip 3/7)
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
b) Ct rng bn ging:
a/2
a/2
a/2
a/2
a
C
I
I
C I
a I
n
b
xo
b
xo
= =
Nu n ln => bn ging b bin dng ln, nhnh
ct bin dng nh ;
Nu n nh => bn ging b bin dng nh, nhnh
ct bin dng ln.
(tip 4/7)
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
b) Ct rng bn ging:
Gc trt ca 1 on khoang ct do lc ct bng n v gy ra :
( ) ( ) ( )
A E
n
A E i
n a
I E
n a
a a
f xo xo

+
=

+
=

+
=
A
~
12
1
24
1
24
1 1
2
1
2
2 3
1

xo
i
a
~
1

f
A A 2 =
vi v
a/2
1
a/2
(tip 5/7)
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
b) Ct rng bn ging:
( )
2
2 2
1
2
2
1
12
1
1 1
x x
t
A E
A E
n A E

+
+ =

+ =
2
2
1
1
x
t

+ ~
H s xt n s bin dng ca h bng rng:
5
1
s

=
a I
C I
n
b
xo
( )
1
12
1
2
~
+ n t
Vi trng hp:
Ta c
(tip 6/7)
2.3 Xc nh mnh tng ng ca ct rng
b) Ct rng bn ging:
mnh tng ng ca ct rng bn ging 2 nhnh i vi trc o x-x:
1 l mnh ca nhnh ct c chiu
di tnh ton l a i vi trc x0 .
x t
=
0
2
1
2
0
+ ~
x
xo
i
a
~
1

trong
vi
2
2
1
1
x
t

+ ~
x0
x0
x0
x0
(tip 7/7)
ix0 la ban kinh quan tinh cua 1 tiet dien nhanh
cot doi voi truc banr than x0-x0
3. Thit k tit din
thn ct rng 2 nhnh
chu nn ng tm
3.1 Xc nh tit din nhnh ct
3.2 Tnh ton h bng rng
a) Xc nh lc ct qui c:
b) Tnh ton bn ging :
c) Tnh ton thanh ging :
3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm
- Vt liu thp s dng: E, f;
-S kt cu: S lin kt 2 u ct ( , )
=> chiu di tnh ton ca ct lx v ly ;
- Gi tr lc dc N ;
- Dng tit din ct: tit din rng.
- Din tch cc nhnh ct Af = ?;
- Khong cch gia 2 nhnh ct C =?;
- H thanh ging hoc bn ging;
x

Cn xc nh :
y
y
3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm
a) Chn hnh dng tit din nhnh ct:
i vi ct rng chu nn ng tm, thng chn 2 nhnh ct c tit din
ging nhau.
b) Xc nh din tch tit din yu cu ca nhnh ct Afyc = ?:
Theo iu kin n nh tng th i vi trc thc y-y:
c y
yc f
f
N
A

=
2
,
: l h s un dc ca
ct i vi trc thc y-y;
ygt = 40 90 v ygt []
T v c trng ca vt liu thp (f, E) => tra Bng ph lc II.1 hoc tnh
theo Cng thc 4.8 4.11 xc nh v Af,yc theo biu thc trn.
cha bit nn cn gi thit trc mnh ca ct i vi trc thc y-y:
y

gt

3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm

d) Xc nh mnh ban u yu cu ca ct chn i vi trc o x-x :
Da theo iu kin lm vic hp l (iu kin ng n nh) ca ct rng:
y
=
0
i vi ct rng bn ging: S b coi t s n l nh
5
1
s n
y x
= + =
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
=
y xyc
i vi ct rng thanh ging:
y
d
x
A
A

o
=

+ =
1
1
2
0
1
1
2
d
y xyc
A
A
=
o

Cn phi chn s b trc tit din thp gc lm thanh bng xin v b tr h
thanh bng xin (chn khong cch a) da theo cc yu cu cu to.
trong o1 v
Ad1 cha bit.
nn ta c:
3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm
e) Xc nh khong cch yu cu gia 2 nhnh ct Cyc = ?:
)
4
( 2
2
0
C
A I I
f x x
+ =
A i I
x x
=
2
f
A A 2 =
A i
C
A I
x f x
= +
2
2
0
)
4
( 2
0
2
2
2
2
x x f
I A i
C
A =
2 2
2
xo xyc yc
i i C =
xyc
x
xyc
l
i

=
ixo l bn knh qun tnh ca
nhnh i vi trc bn thn x0-x0.
B tr cc nhnh ct phi m bo yu cu cu to:
Khe h gia 2 nhnh khng nh hn 150 ~ 200 mm.
Chiu cao h chn l s chn cm:
0
2Z C h
yc
+ >
y
y
;
;
3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm
f) Kim tra tit din ct chn:
Kim tra n nh tng th ca ct i vi trc o x-x :
Nu th khng cn phi kim tra ct
theo iu kin n nh tng th v iu kin v
mnh. ( tho mn v kim tra i vi trc
thc y-y).
Thc t nn chn khong cch C
y
s
0
y
s
0
Kim tra iu kin v mnh ca ct:
max = max{0 ; y} s []
y
y
3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm
f) Kim tra tit din ct chn:
Kim tra n nh cc b ca cc nhnh ct: (nu tit din t hp hn)
Kim tra n nh ca nhnh ct i vi trc bn thn x0-x0:
i vi ct rng bn ging:
s 40 v ng thi 1 < y

i vi ct rng thanh ging:
s 80 v ng thi 1 s y
0 1 x f
i l =
0 1 x
i a =
Kim tra iu kin n nh ca cc on nhnh
ct c chiu di tnh ton l a i vi trc bn
thn x0-x0:
y
y
3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm
e) Xc nh kh nng chu nn ng tm ca ct rng thanh ging (hoc
bn ging) theo iu kin bn:
| |
c n b
f A N =
y
y
3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm
e) Xc nh kh nng chu nn ng tm ca ct :
| |
c
f A N

=
min
y
y
yo
y
y
y
y
i
l
i
l
= =
e) Xc nh kh nng chu nn ng tm ca ct rng thanh ging theo
iu kin n nh tng th:
1
1
2
0
d
x x t
A
A
+ = =
o

u u
t
o
cos sin
2
2
1

=
) 2 /(
f x
x
x
x
x
A I
l
i
l
= =
)
4
( 2
2
0
C
A I I
f x x
+ =
) ; max(
0 max

y
=
min

3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm

e) Xc nh kh nng chu nn ng tm ca ct :
| |
c
f A N

=
min
y
y
yo
y
y
y
y
i
l
i
l
= =
e) Xc nh kh nng chu nn ng tm ca ct rng bn ging theo iu
kin n nh tng th:
) 2 /(
f x
x
x
x
x
A I
l
i
l
= =
)
4
( 2
2
0
C
A I I
f x x
+ =
) ; max(
0 max

y
=
min

2
1
2
0
+ ~ =
x x t
xo
i
a
~
1

3. Thit k tit din thn ct rng 2 nhnh chu nn ng tm

Cc dng bi ton thng gp:
- Xc nh khong cch Cyc v chiu cao h
ca tit din ct rng;
- Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca ct i vi
trc o x-x;
- Xc nh kh nng chu lc ca ct i vi
trc o x-x;
- Xc nh kh nng chu lc ca ct;
y
y
3.2 Tnh ton h bng rng
a) Xc nh lc ct qui c:
b) Tnh ton bn ging :
c) Tnh ton thanh ging :
y
y