Lesson Plan 13

Food, Exercise & Energy

Brief description
Students use nutrition information to calculate the number of teaspoons of fat and sugar in their favourite food and drinks. Using tables provided, they convert the energy content into an equivalent amount of exercise. For example, 600ml lemonade = 18 tsps sugar, 1220 kilojoules, approx. 45 min running! They compare these results to their daily energy requirements. Duration: Year level: Topics: Preparation: Extensions: 40 90 minutes total (two sessions) Middle to upper primary Nutrition, energy, researching and communicating 5 to 10 minutes ART: Use the results to design an educational poster about food energy and exercise
Source iStock

Overview
This activity can be conducted in numerous ways depending on age and ability please consider the individual needs of your class when planning and allocating times.

Session 1: Introduce lesson Whole class Perform Teacher Demonstration 13* Sugar Shocker * download from abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist Discussion Whole Class Research Nutrition Information Select a range of foods

(20 30 min) (10 15 min)

(10 15 min)

Session 2 : Calculate sugar, fat and energy content Individual Calculate sugar, fat and energy content and equivalents Investigate and discuss possible ways to represent results graphically and design posters Whole Class Discussion

(20 30 min) (30 60 min)

(10 15 min)

Lesson 13 Food, Exercise & Energy Page 1

2006 | ABC Science Online

Materials and equipment

Teacher Demonstration
Copy of Sugar Shocker available at:

abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/teachstuff
Metric teaspoon(s) Drinking glass Sugar Oil (cheap vegetable is fine) Softdrink (two varieties if possible) Chips (two varieties if possible)

Softdrink (two varieties if possible) Chocolate bar (two varieties if possible) Poster Design
The following are suggestions are all optional students may be able to bring some of these items from home: Magazines / newspapers (for clippings) Digital camera (to photograph foods, sugar, fat content) Poster sized paper / cardboard Printer Pens, pencils, paints, coloured paper

Chips and a drink

There are 18 teaspoons of sugar in one 600 ml bottle of softdrink and 18 ml of fat in one 50 packet of chips and a total of 2270 kilojoules

Lesson 13 Food, Exercise & Energy Page 2

2006 | ABC Science Online

Objectives
Students prior knowledge
No prior knowledge is required or assumed for this lesson plan.

Science / mathematics skills

Students will: Use the Table 1: Estimated Energy Requirements to determine the amount boy or girl of average weight and height for a particular age and gender requires every day Use nutrition labels or other sources of information to determine the fat, sugar and energy content per serving of various food and drinks (eg internet resource such Calorie King) Convert sugar and fat content into number of teaspoons using the following conversion factors: 1 tspn of white sugar weighs 4 grams 1 tspn of fat (oil) weighs 4.2 grams Use Table 2: Energy used in various activities or Table 2a: Energy Rates to convert energy content into minutes of various types of exercise for a particular weight

Science / nutrition concepts

Humans need to eat food for energy and essential nutrients The amount of energy in foods varies greatly The amount of other nutrients in food varies greatly The amount of energy different people need to consume per day varies greatly between individuals Exercise consumes large amounts of energy Every person should get plenty of exercise everyday

Positive attitudes
Students will Appreciate the value of research skills for making informed choices Develop an appreciation for the complexity of human nutrition Develop and appreciation for the relationship between food energy (energy in) and exercise energy (energy out)

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2006 | ABC Science Online

Procedure
Session1: Teacher Demonstration and discussion (20 30 min)
Perform and discuss the Sugar Shocker teacher demonstration Convert the energy content into an exercise equivalent using either the formula or table provided (see Teacher Notes or Energy Fact Sheet) Repeat the demonstration to determine the sugar and/or fat (oil) content for a packet of crisps and/or a chocolate bar (use a medicine cup to show students the amount of fat/oil) Discuss the variety of nutrients we need in our diet the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia lists 28 essential vitamins and minerals Compare the energy content and nutritional value of snack foods and softdrinks to estimated daily energy requirements

Example: Chips and a Drink The combined energy in one 600ml bottle of softdrink (~1200 kJ) and one 50g packet of potato chips (~1050kJ) is approximately 2250 kJ this represents almost one third (27%) of a moderately active 8 year old boys total daily energy requirements but without providing any other essential vitamins or minerals
Discuss the student task eg: research the nutrition information (by bringing in packets or labels, or by other means) of some food and drink products and bring them to class

Session 2: Convert sugar, fat and energy values (20 30 min) Individual/Groups (15 20 min)
Students use the nutrition information they have collected to convert sugar and fat content into number of teaspoons Next they convert the energy content into an equivalent amount of energy using the tables provided or using the formula

Discuss possible ways to represent values Whole Class (10 15 min)

Examples might include sugar cubes to represent teaspoons sugar content blocks of butter to represent fat content

Design Energy Posters Group or individual (30 45 min)

Finish as homework or as an art exercise

Discuss the lesson Whole Class (5 10 min)

Discuss the class findings and any changes to attitudes to food and eating behaviour

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Teachers notes
Table 1: Estimated Daily Energy Requirements
The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia provides Estimated Daily Energy Requirements for use in Australia and New Zealand. They should be used cautiously and as a guide only. Individual differences and variations in levels of physical activity make predicting an individuals daily energy requirements extremely difficult. The estimates provided are for individuals of average height and healthy weight.

Girls
Age
Weight Height BMR Little Activity Light Activity Moderate Activity Heavy Activity Vigorous Activity

(kg) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 22.8 25.6 29.0 32.9 37.2 41.6 45.8 49.4 52.0 53.9 55.1

(cm) 121 128 133 138 144 151 157 160 162 163 163 4000 4200 4500 4700 4900 5200 5500 5700 5800 5900 5900

5700 6000 6400 6700 7000 7400 7800 8100 8200 8400 8400

6500 6900 7300 7600 8000 8500 8900 9200 9400 9500 9600

7300 7700 8200 8500 9000 9500 10000 10300 10600 10700 10800

8100 8600 9100 9500 10000 10600 11100 11500 11700 11900 12000

8900 9400 10000 10400 11000 11600 12200 12600 12900 13100 13200

Boys
Age
Weight Height BMR Little Activity Light Activity Moderate Activity Heavy Activity Vigorous Activity

(kg) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Source: 23.1 25.6 28.6 31.9 35.9 40.5 45.6 51.0 56.3 60.9 64.6

(cm) 122 128 134 139 144 149 156 164 170 174 175 4300 4500 4800 5100 5400 5800 6200 6600 7000 7300 7600

6100 6400 6800 7300 7700 8200 8700 9300 9900 10300 10700

7000 7300 7800 8300 8800 9300 10000 10600 11200 11800 12200

7800 8200 8800 9300 9900 10500 11200 11900 12600 13200 13700

8700 9200 9700 10400 11000 11600 12400 13200 14000 14700 15200

9500 10100 10700 11400 12000 12800 13600 14600 15400 16200 16700

Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand, 2006

National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia

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Energy expenditure for various activities (approx.)

Activity Sitting quietly Writing Standing relaxed Driving a car Vacuuming Walking rapidly Running Swimming (4km/hour) Rowing in a race Energy (kJ/kg/h) 1.7 1.7 2.1 3.8 11.3 14.2 29.3 33 67

Source: Better Health Channel www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au

Researching sugar, fat and energy content

Nutrition labels Food manufacturers websites Calorie King Australia food database: www.calorieking.com.au/foods/

Source iStock

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2006 | ABC Science Online

ENERGY: how much do you need?

Why you need energy
Running, riding, swimming and even just putting the dishes away all consume energy. It is very difficult to calculate exactly how much energy you need. Luckily, you dont need to as long as you exercise every day and eat healthy foods. Energy and health How much energy you need depends on many variables but the biggest is exercise. The more you exercise, the more energy you burn and the more food you need to eat. If you eat more than you need, your body may try store this excess energy as body fat. All your energy comes from the food and drinks you consume. Most of this energy (45 - 70%) is used for important functions like growing, maintaining body temperature and healing wounds. The total energy required for all these functions is called your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). The basal metabolic rate varies between individuals. Most of the remaining energy from all the food youve eaten gets used for physical activity.

Student Fact Sheet

Eating well is only half of what is necessary to be healthy. The other half is plenty of exercise every day. Nothing can replace exercise. Eating well without exercising is not healthy by itself. Fortunately, exercising is lots of fun and makes you feel great, sleep well and be happy! Using this table wisely This table is a guide only! It is based on girls and boys of average height and healthy weight for each age. Even so, the energy required per day can be very different for two very similar people!

TABLE 1: Estimated Energy Requirements

(Kilojoules per day)

Girls Age 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 BMR 4000 4200 4500 4700 4900 5200 5500 5700 5800 5900 5900
Light Activity Moderate Activity Heavy Activity

Boys BMR 4300 4500 4800 5100 5400 5800 6200 6600 7000 7300 7600
Light Activity Moderate Activity Heavy Activity

6500 6900 7300 7600 8000 8500 8900 9200 9400 9500 9600

7300 7700 8200 8500 9000 9500 10000 10300 10600 10700 10800

8100 8600 9100 9500 10000 10600 11100 11500 11700 11900 12000

7000 7300 7800 8300 8800 9300 10000 10600 11200 11800 12200

7800 8200 8800 9300 9900 10500 11200 11900 12600 13200 13700

8700 9200 9700 10400 11000 11600 12400 13200 14000 14700 15200

Source: National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia

ENERGY: how much do use?

All your energy comes from the food and drinks you consume. Doing any physical activity consumes energy. Some types of activity burn more energy than others. Two people doing the same activity may burn different amounts of energy. This depends on many factors including each persons weight. A heavier person will burn more energy than a lighter person doing the same activity. The table below lists the energy used during various activities for people who weigh 40, 50 or 60 kilograms. They are only a guide to give an estimate of the energy consumed during exercise.

Student Fact Sheet

Table 2a: Energy rates
Activity Sitting quietly Writing Standing relaxed Driving a car Vacuuming Walking rapidly Running Swimming (4km/hour) Rowing in a race Energy rate
(kJ/kg/h)

1.7 1.7 2.1 3.8 11.3 14.2 29.3 33 67

TABLE 2: Energy used in various activities (kilojoules)

Activity

Source: Better Health Channel www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au

40 kilograms
15 min 30 min 35 35 40 75 225 285 585 660 1340 45 min 50 50 65 115 340 425 880 990 2010 60 min 70 70 85 150 450 570 1170 1320 2680

50 kilograms
15 min 20 20 25 50 140 180 365 415 840 30 min 45 45 55 95 280 355 730 825 1675 45 min 65 65 80 145 425 535 1100 1240 2515 60 min 85 85 105 190 565 710 1465 1650 3350

60 kilograms
15 min 25 25 30 60 170 215 440 495 1005 30 min 50 50 65 115 340 425 880 990 2010 45 min 80 80 95 170 510 640 1320 1485 3015 60 min 100 100 125 230 680 850 1760 1980 4020

Sitting quietly Writing Standing relaxed Driving a car Vacuuming Walking rapidly Running Swimming (4km/hour) Rowing in a race

15 15 20 40 115 140 295 330 670

Based on Energy Expenditure Rates (Better Health Channel www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au)

ENERGY IN / ENERGY OUT

Select three or four types of food and do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. Write the name of the food or drink and draw the food item (or find a picture/photograph) Check the nutrition label and write down the sugar, fat and energy content. Convert sugar and fat content into teaspoons or millilitres. Select a type of exercise from Table 2 and convert the energy content of per serving of each food (select your nearest weight and find the nearest energy)

1. ____________________________

Serving Size: ______________ grams / ml

Sugar: _________________ grams

_________________ tspns
Fat: _________________ grams _________________ tspns / ml Energy: _________________ kilojoules
picture or drawing

One serving is equivalent to _________________minutes of ____________________________

2. ____________________________

Serving Size: ______________ grams / ml

Sugar: _________________ grams

_________________ tspns
Fat: _________________ grams _________________ tspns / ml Energy: _________________ kilojoules
picture or drawing

One serving is equivalent to _________________minutes of ____________________________

3. ____________________________

Serving Size: ______________ grams / ml

Sugar: _________________ grams

_________________ tspns
Fat: _________________ grams _________________ tspns / ml Energy: _________________ kilojoules
picture or drawing

One serving is equivalent to _________________minutes of ____________________________

4. ____________________________

Serving Size: ______________ grams / ml

Sugar: _________________ grams

_________________ tspns
Fat: _________________ grams _________________ tspns / ml Energy: _________________ kilojoules
picture or drawing

One serving is equivalent to _________________minutes of ____________________________

5. ____________________________

Serving Size: ______________ grams / ml

Sugar: _________________ grams

_________________ tspns
Fat: _________________ grams _________________ tspns / ml Energy: _________________ kilojoules
picture or drawing

One serving is equivalent to _________________minutes of ____________________________

6. ____________________________

Serving Size: ______________ grams / ml

Sugar: _________________ grams

_________________ tspns
Fat: _________________ grams _________________ tspns / ml Energy: _________________ kilojoules
picture or drawing

One serving is equivalent to _________________minutes of ____________________________