Ky Thuat Xu Ly Nuoc Ngam

GREEN EYE ENVIRONMENTAL
TI LIU K THUT
K THUT X L NC NGM

1. TNG QUAN V NC NGM

Vit Nam l quc gia c ngun nc ngm kh phong ph v tr lng v kh tt
v cht lng. Nc ngm tn ti trong cc l hng v cc khe nt ca t , c
to thnh trong giai on trm tch t hoc do s thm thu, thm ca ngun
nc mt, nc ma nc ngm c th tn ti cch mt t vi mt, vi chc
mt, hay hng trm mt.

i vi cc h thng cp nc cng ng th ngun nc ngm lun lun l ngun
nc c a thch. Bi v, cc ngun nc mt thng hay b nhim v lu
lng khai thc phi ph thuc vo s bin ng theo ma. Ngun nc ngm t
chu nh hng bi cc tc ng ca con ngi. Cht lng nc ngm thng tt
hn cht lng nc mt nhiu. Trong nc ngm hu nh khng c cc ht keo
hay cc ht l lng, v vi sinh, vi trng gy bnh thp.

Mt s c im khc nhau gia nc ngm v nc mt

Thng s Nc ngm Nc b mt
Nhit Tng i n nh Thay i theo ma
Cht rn l lng Rt thp, hu nh khng c Thng cao v Thay i theo ma
Cht khong ho tan t thay i, cao hn so vi
nc mt.
Thay i tu thuc cht lng t,
lng ma.
Hm lng Fe2+,
Mn2+
Thng xuyn c trong nc Rt thp, ch c khi nc st di
y h.
Kh CO2 ho tan C nng cao Rt thp hoc bng 0
Kh O2 ho tan Thng khng tn ti Gn nh bo ho
Kh NH
3
Thng c C khi ngun nc b nhim bn
Kh H
2
S Thng c Khng c
SiO
2
Thng c nng cao C nng trung bnh
NO
3-
C nng cao, do b
nhim bi phn bn ho hc
Thng rt thp
Vi sinh vt Ch yu l cc vi trng do st
gy ra.
Nhiu loi vi trng, virut gy bnh
v to.

Cc ngun nc ngm hu nh khng cha rong to, mt trong nhng nguyn
nhn gy nhim ngun nc. Thnh phn ng quan tm trong nc ngm l cc
tp cht ho tan do nh hng ca iu kin a tng, thi tit, nng ma, cc qu
trnh phong ho v sinh ho trong khu vc. nhng vng c iu kin phong ho
tt, c nhiu cht bn v lng ma ln th cht lng nc ngm d b nhim
bi cc cht khong ho tan, cc cht hu c, mn lu ngy theo nc ma thm
vo t.

Ngoi ra, nc ngm cng c th b nhim bn do tc ng ca con ngi. Cc cht
thi ca con ngi v ng vt, cc cht thi sinh hot, cht thi ho hc, v vic s
CONG TY MOI TRNG TAM NHN XANH GREE Page 1
Tel: (84.8) 5150181 Fax: (84.8) 8117565 Website: www.gree-vn.com
dng phn bn ho hc tt c nhng loi cht thi theo thi gian n s ngm
vo ngun nc, tch t dn v lm nhim ngun nc ngm. c khng t
ngun nc ngm do tc ng ca con ngi b nhim bi cc hp cht hu
c kh phn hu, cc vi khun gy bnh, nht l cc ho cht c hi nh cc kim
loi nng, d lng thuc tr su v khng loi tr c cc cht phng x.

2. MT S QU TRNH C BN X L NC NGM

C rt nhiu phng php x l nc ngm, tu thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: nhu
cu cp nc, tiu chun dng nc, c im ca ngun nc ngm, cc iu
kin t nhin, iu kin kinh t x hi m chng ta s la chn cng ngh x l
nc ngm sao cho ph hp. Tuy nhin c mt s qu trnh c bn c th p dng
x l nc ngm c tm tt nh bng sau:

Qu trnh x l Mc ch
- Lm thong - Ly oxy t khng kh oxy ho st v mangan ho tr II ho
tan trong nc.
- Kh kh CO2 nng cao pH ca nc y nhanh qu trnh oxy
ho v thu phn st v mangan trong dy chuyn cng ngh
kh st v mangan.
- Lm giu oxy tng th oxy ho kh ca nc, kh cc cht
bn dng kh ho tan trong nc.
- Clo ho s b - Oxy ho st v mangan ho tan dng cc phc cht hu c.
- Loi tr rong, ru, to pht trin trn thnh cc b trn, to bng
cn v b lng, b lc.
- Trung ho lng amoniac d, dit cc vi khun tit ra cht nhy
trn mt lp cc lc.
- Qu trnh khuy trn
ho cht
- Phn tn nhanh, u phn v cc ho cht khc vo nc cn x
l.
- Qu trnh keo t v
phn ng to bng
cn
- To iu kin v thc hin qu trnh dnh kt cc ht cn keo
phn tn thnh bng cn c kh nng lng v lc vi tc kinh
t cho php.
- Qu trnh lng - Loi tr ra khi nc cc ht cn v bng cn c kh nng lng
vi tc kinh t cho php, lm gim lng vi trng v vi
khun.
- Qu trnh lc - Loi tr cc ht cn nh khng lng c trong b lng, nhng
c kh nng dnh kt ln b mt ht lc.
- Hp th v hp ph
bng than hot tnh
- Kh mi, v, mu ca nc sau khi dng phng php x l
truyn thng khng t yu cu.
- Flo ho nc - Nng cao hm lng flo trong nc n 0, 6 - 0,9 mg/l bo
v men rng v xng cho ngi dng nc.
- Kh trng nc - Tiu dit vi khun v vi trng cn li trong nc sau b lc.
- n nh nc - Kh tnh xm thc v to ra mng bo v cch ly khng cho
nc tip xc trc tip vi vt liu mt trong thnh ng dn
bo v ng v ph tng trn ng.
- Lm mm nc - Kh ra khi nc cc ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ n nng yu cu.
- Kh mui - Kh ra khi nc cc cation v anion ca cc mui ho tan n
nng yu cu.

3. KH ST TRONG NC NGM

3.1 Trng Thi Tn Ti T Nhin Ca St Trong Cc Ngun Nc
Trong nc ngm st thng tn ti dng ion, st c ho tr 2 (Fe2+) l thnh
phn ca cc mui ho tan nh: Fe(HCO3)2 ; FeSO4 hm lng st c trong cc
ngun nc ngm thng cao v phn b khng ng u trong cc lp trm tch
di t su. Nc c hm lng st cao, lm cho nc c mi tanh v c mu
vng, gy nh hng khng tt n cht lng nc n ung sinh hot v sn xut.
Do , khi m nc c hm lng st cao hn gii hn cho php theo tiu chun th
chng ta phi tin hnh kh st.

Cc Hp Cht V C Ca Ion St
Cc hp cht v c ca ion st ho tr II :
FeS, Fe(OH)
2
, FeCO
3
, Fe(HCO
3
)
2
, FeSO
4
, v.v

Cc hp cht v c ca ion st ho tr III :
Fe(OH)
3
, FeCl
3
trong Fe(OH)
3
l cht keo t, d dng lng ng trong
cc b lng v b lc. V th cc hp cht v c ca st ho tan trong nc
hon ton c th x l bng phng php l hc: lm thong ly oxy ca
khng kh oxy ho st ho tr II thnh st ho tr III v cho qu trnh thu
phn, keo t Fe(OH)
3
xy ra hon ton trong cc b lng, b lc tip xc v
cc b lc trong.

Cc phc cht v c ca ion st vi silicat, photphat (FeSiO(OH)
3
+3
)
Cc phc cht hu c ca ion st vi axit humic, funvic,
Cc ion st ho tan Fe(OH)
+
, Fe(OH)
3
tn ti tu thuc vo gi tr th oxy ho
kh v pH ca mi trng.
Cc loi phc cht v hn hp cc ion ho tan ca st khng th kh bng
phng php l hc thng thng, m phi kt hp vi phng php ho
hc. Mun kh st cc dng ny phi cho thm vo nc cc cht oxy ho
nh : Cl
-
, KMnO
4
, Ozone, ph v lin kt v oxy ho ion st thnh ion ho
tr III hoc cho vo nc cc cht keo t FeCl
3
, Al(SO
4
)
3
v kim ho c
gi tr pH thch hp cho qu trnh ng keo t cc loi keo st v phn xy ra
trit trong cc b lng, b lc tip xc v b lc trong.

4. CC PHNG PHP KH ST TRONG X L NC

4.1 Phng Php xy Ho St
Nguyn l ca phng php ny l oxy ho st (II) thnh st (III) v tch chng ra
khi nc di dng hyroxyt st (III). Trong nc ngm, st (II) bicacbonat l mt
mui khng bn, n d dng thu phn thnh st (II) hyroxyt theo phn ng:

Fe (HCO
3
)
2
+ 2H
2
O Fe(OH)
2
+ 2H
2
CO
3

Nu trong nc c xy ho tan, st (II) hyrxyt s b xy ho thnh st (III) hyrxyt
theo phn ng:

4Fe(OH)
2
+ 2H
2
O + O
2
4Fe(OH)
3

St (III) hyrxyt trong nc kt ta thnh bng cn mu vng v c th tch ra khi
nc mt cch d dng nh qu trnh lng lc.
Kt hp cc phn ng trn ta c c phn ng chung ca qu trnh xy ho st
nh sau :

4Fe
2+
+ 8HCO
3
-
+ O
2
+ H
2
O 4Fe(OH)
3
+ 8H
+
+ 8HCO
3
-

Nc ngm thng khng cha xy ho tan hoc c hm lng xy ho tan rt
thp. tng nng xy ho tan trong nc ngm, bin php n gin nht l lm
thong. Hiu qu ca bc lm thong c xc nh theo nhu cu xy cho qu
trnh kh st.

4.2 Phng Php Kh St Bng Qu Trnh xy Ho

Lm Thong n Gin B Mt Lc
Nc cn kh st c lm thong bng dn phun ma ngay trn b mt lc. Chiu
cao gin phun thng ly cao khong 0,7m, l phun c ng knh 5 n 7 mm, lu
lng ti vo khong 10 m
3
/m
2
.h. Lng xy ho tan trong nc sau lm thong
nhit 25
0
C ly bng 40% lng xy ho tan bo ho ( 25
0
C lng xy ho tan
bo ho bng 8,1 mg/l).

Lm Thong Bng Gin Ma T Nhin
Nc cn lm thong c ti ln gin lm thong mt bc hay nhiu bc vi cc
sn ri x hoc tre g. Lu lng ti v chiu cao thp cng ly nh trng hp
trn. Lng xy ho tan sau lm thong bng 55% lng xy ho tan bo ho. Hm
lng CO
2
sau lm thong gim 50%.

Lm Thong Cng Bc
Cng c th dng thp lm thong cng bc vi lu lng ti t 30 n 40 m
3
/h.
Lng khng kh tip xc ly t 4 n 6 m
3
cho 1 m
3
nc. Lng xy ho tan sau
lm thong bng 70% lm lng xy ho tan bo ho. Hm lng CO
2
sau lm
thong gim 75%.

4.3 Kh St Bng Ho Cht

Khi trong nc ngun c hm lng tp cht hu c cao, cc cht hu c s to ra
dng keo bo v ca cc ion st, nh vy mun kh st phi ph v c mng
hu c bo v bng tc dng ca cc cht xy ho mnh. i vi nc ngm, khi
hm lng st qu cao ng thi tn ti c H
2
S th lng xy thu c nh lm
thong khng xy ho ht H
2
S v st, trong trng hp ny cn phi dng
n ho cht kh st.

Bin Php Kh St Bng Vi
Khi cho vi vo nc, pH ca nc tng ln. iu kin giu ion OH
-
, cc ion
Fe
2+
thu phn nhanh chng thnh Fe(OH)
2
v lng xung mt phn, th xy ho
kh tiu chun ca h Fe(OH)
2
/Fe(OH)
3
gim xung, do st (II) d dng chuyn
ho thnh st (III). St (III) hyrxyt kt t thnh bng cn, lng trong b lng v c
th d dng tch ra khi nc.

Phng php ny c th p dng c cho nc mt v nc ngm. Nhc im cc
phng php l phi dng n cc thit b pha ch cng knh, qun l phc tp, cho
nn thng kt hp kh st vi qu trnh x l khc nh x l n nh nc bng
kim, lm mm nc bng vi kt hp vi sa.

Bin Php Kh St Bng Clo
Qu trnh kh st bng clo c thc hin nh phn ng sau:

2Fe(HCO
3
)
2
+ Cl
2
+ Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ 6H
2
O 2Fe(OH)
3
CaCl
2
+ 6H
+
+ 6HCO
3
-

Bin Php Kh St Bng Kali Permanganat (KMnO
4
)
Khi dng KMnO
4
kh st, qu trnh xy ra rt nhanh v cn mangan (IV) hyroxyt
va c to thnh s l nhn t xc tc cho qu trnh kh. Phn ng kh xy ra
theo phng trnh sau:

5Fe
2+
+ MnO
4
-
+ 8H
+
5Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O

Bin Php Kh St Bng Cch Lc Qua Lp Vt Liu c Bit
Cc vt liu c bit c kh nng xc tc, y nhanh qu trnh oxy ho kh Fe
2+

thnh Fe
3+
v gi li trong tng lc. Qu trnh ny din ra rt nhanh chng v c hiu
qu cao. Ct en l mt trong nhng cht c c tnh nh th.

Bin Php Kh St Bng Phng Php Trao i Ion
Phng php trao i ion c s dng khi kt hp vi qu trnh kh cng. Khi s
dng thit b trao i ion kh st, nc ngm khng c tip xc vi khng kh
v Fe
3+
s lm gim kh nng trao i ca cc ionic. Ch c hiu qu khi kh nc
ngm c hm lng st thp.

Bin Php Kh St Bng Phng Php Vi Sinh
Mt s loi vi sinh c kh nng oxy ho st trong iu kin m qu trnh oxy ho ho
hc xy ra rt kh khn. Chng ta cy cc mm khun st trong lp cy lc ca b
lc, thng qua hot ng ca cc vi khun st c loi ra khi nc. Thng s
dng thit b b lc chm kh st.

5. MT S GIAI ON V CNG NGH KH ST TRONG NC CP

Giai on a Cc Ho Cht Vo Nc
Giai on ny gm c qu trnh lm thong nc lm giu xy v kh kh
cacbonic cng vi vic pha trn ho cht vo nc nh vi, phn, clo, zn, kali
permanganat

Giai on X L S B
Mc ch ca giai on ny l nhm to ra nhng iu kin cho phn ng xy ho
kh din ra c hon ton, nhanh chng. Cc thit b cn thit cho giai on ny l
b lng tip xc, b lc s b, b lc tip xc, b lng ngang hoc lng trong.

Giai on Lm Sch
Giai on ny cn n cc b lc khc nhau. Tu theo hm lng v thnh phn st
trong nc ngun cng vi cht lng nc ngun m quyt nh quy trnh kh st
c th, thng c xc nh bng thc nghim ti ch kt hp vi cc kt qu tnh
ton s b.
Khi hm lng st cao trn 6 mg/l v cn kh trit kh cacbonic, quy trnh kh st
s bao gm c ba giai on trn.

6. MT S THIT B KH ST THNG C S DNG

Lm Thong n Gin Trn B Mt B Lc
Ngi ta dng gin ng khoan l phun ma trn b mt lc, l phun c ng knh 5
n 7 mm, tia nc dng p lc phun ln vi cao 0,5 n 0,6m. Lu lng phun
vo khong 10m
3
/m
2
.h. Lm thong trc tip trn b mt b lc ch nn p dng khi
nc ngun c hm lng st thp v khng phi kh CO
2
.

Lm thong nhiu bc bng mng trn

Lm thong bng dn ng khoan l
Qu trnh lm thong c in

Thp Lm Thong T Nhin
S dng thp lm thong t nhin (gin ma) khi cn lm giu xy kt hp vi kh
kh CO
2
. Do kh nng trao i ca O
2
ln hn CO
2
nn thp c thit k cho
trng hp kh CO
2
. Gin ma cho kh nng thu c lng oxy ho tan bng
55% lng oxy bo ho v c kh nng kh c 75 80% lng CO
2
c trong
nc nhng lng CO
2
cn lisau khi lm thong khng xung thp hn 5 6 mg/l.

Thp Lm Thong Cng Bc
Cu to ca thp lm thong cng bc cng gn ging nh thp lm thong t
nhin, y ch khc l khng kh c a vo thp cng bc bng qut gi.
Khng kh i ngc chiu vi chiu ri ca cc tia nc. Lu lng ti thng ly
t 30 n 40 m
3
/m
2
h. Lng khng kh cp vo t 4 n 6 m
3
cho 1 m
3
nc cn
lm thong.

B Lng Tip Xc
B lng tip xc c chc nng gi nc li sau qu trnh lm thong trong mt thi
gian qu trnh xy ho v thu phn st din ra hon ton, ng thi tch mt
phn cn nng trc khi chuyn sang b lc. Trong thc t thng ly thi gian lu
ca nc t 30 n 45 pht. B lng tip xc c th c thit k nh b lng ng
v thng t ngay di gin lm thong.

B lc tip xc hay b lc s b c p dng khi hm lng st trong nc ngun
cao hoc cn kh ng thi c mangan. B lc tip xc c cu to nh cc b lc
thng thng vi lp vt liu lc bng si, than antraxit, snh, s, c kch thc
ht ln. Tc lc thng khng ch trong khong 15 n 20 m/h.


Gin ma kt hp b lng tip xc

Lm thong cng bc thng qut gi
Qu trnh lm thong cng bc

B Lc Cn St
lc sch nc c cha cn st, s dng cc b lc nhanh thng thng. Do
khc vi b lc cn bn bnh thng ch qu trnh xy ho v thu phn st cn
tip tc xy ra trong lp vt liu lc, nn ngay t u chu k lc, cn bm sn
trong lp vt liu lc v cha cn ca lp vt liu lc s cao hn.

V vy, vt liu lc c th ly cp phi ht ln hn, ng knh trung bnh ht t 0,9
n 1,3 mm, b dy lp vt liu lc 1,0 n 1,2 m, tc lc ly t 5 n 10 m/h. Do
cn st bm chc nn phi ra lc bng nc v kh kt hp, lu lng nc ra
thc t thng dng t 10 n 12 l/m
2
.s. Nu s dng b lc hai lp gm antraxit v
ct thch anh th hiu qu x l s cao hn.

B lc chm

B lc nhanh
Qu trnh lc

7. CC YU T NH HNG N QU TRNH KH ST

Tc phn ng ca qu trnh oxy ho v thu phn Fe
2+
thnh Fe
3+
tu thuc vo
lng oxy ho tan trong nc. Tc phn ng tng khi nng oxy ho tan trong
nc tng ln. oxy ho 1 mg st (II) tiu tn 0,143 mg oxy.

Thi gian oxy ho v thu phn st trn cng trnh ph thuc vo tr s pH ca nc
c th ly nh sau:

Thi gian ti u ca qu trnh keo t
pH 6,0 6,5 6,6 6,7 6,8 6,9 7 > 7,5
Thi gian tip xc cn thit
trong b lng v b lc (thi
gian lu nc) (pht)
90 60 45 30 25 20 15 10
Thi gian tip xc cn thit
(thi gian lu nc) trong b
lc tip xc (b lc 1) v b lc
trong (b lc t II) (pht)
60 45 35 25 20 15 12 5

Tc lc qua b tip xc c th ly 5 - 20 m/h tu thuc vo thi gian lu nc cn
thit v lng cn cn gi li sao cho qua b lc t I hm lng cn cn li i qua
b lc trong (lc t II) < 15 mg/l.

Tc lc qua b lc trong ly 3 - 9 m/h tu thuc vo chiu dy v c ht ca lp
vt liu lc v thi gian lu nc cn thit.

8. P DNG QU TRNH KH ST VO VIC X L NC NGM CP
NC CHO CNG NG DN C NNG THN

Mc ch Ca Vic X L Nc Cp
Cung cp y lng nc cho qu trnh s dng ca ngi dn v m bo an
ton v mt ho hc, vi trng hc tho mn cc nhu cu v n ung, sinh hot
dch v, sn xut Nc c cht lng tt, ngon, khng cha cc cht gy c, gy
ra mu, mi, v ca nc.

Tm li, l mi ngun nc th sau khi qua h thng x l phi t : tiu chun v
sinh i vi cht lng nc cp cho n ung v sinh hot TCVN 5501 - 1991

S Liu Cn Thit Thit K Trm X L Kh St
Khi thit k trm x l nc cp c qu trnh kh st, chng ta cn phi thu thp cc
s liu nh sau: Cng sut hu ch ca trm, s gi hot ng trong ngy hay cng
sut gi.

Bm nc lin tc vi lu lng ln loi tr ht nc tn ng, sau ly
mu ngay ti u bm phn tch cc ch tiu:

1. c.
2. mu.
3. oxy ho.
4. kim.
5. cng ton phn v cng
cacbonat.
6. pH.
7. Tng hm lng st.
8. Hm lng ion st ho tr II.
9. Hm lng ion st ho tr III.
10. Hm lng silic, poliphotphat v
cc kim loi nng.
11. Hm lng CO2 t do.
Hm lng H2S.

Kt qu th nghim kh st ti ch theo phng php l hc, ho hc.

Phn Loi Nc Ngm Theo Hm Lng St

Phn loi nc ngm

Loi nc ngm Hm lng st (mg/l)
Nc ngm c hm lng st thp 0.4 - 10
Nc ngm c hm lng st trung bnh 10 - 20
Nc ngm c hm lng st cao > 20
Theo TCVN < 0,3

X L Nc Ngm C Hm Lng St Thp (Hm Lng St < 10 Mg/L)
Cng ngh x l: (Lm thong n gin v lc)
iu kin p dng

1. Tng hm lng st: ( 10 mg/l
2. mu ca nc khi cha tip xc vi khng kh < 150
3. Hm lng SiO
2
2-
< 2 mg/l
4. Hm lng H
2
S < 0,5 mg/l
5. Hm lng NH
4+
< 1 mg/l
6. Nhu cu oxy = oxy ho + 0,47 H
2
S + 0,15Fe
2+
<7mg/l
7. pH 7

S cng ngh x l chung
Nc ngam
Lam thoang
n gian
Loc
Nc sach
Tiep xuc
kh trung
clorine
Be lang
nc ra
loc
Xa can

Nc ngm c bm ln t ging khoan hay ging o c a vo lm thong
n gin. C th dng mng trn, dn ma, ejector thu kh hay bm nn kh lm
thong nc. Qu trnh lm thong y ch yu l cung cp oxy cho nc. Nc
sau khi lm thong c lc qua mt lp vt liu lc.

Ti b lc Fe
2+
v oxy ho tan s c tch ra v bm trn b mt ca cc vt liu
lc, to nn mng xc tc bao gm cc ion oxy, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
. Mng xc tc s tng
cng qu trnh hp th v oxy ho Fe do xy ra trong mi trng d th. Trong
phng php ny khng i hi phi oxy ho hon ton Fe
2+
thnh Fe
3+
v keo t.
Mt s s cng ngh thng c s dng nh hnh v sau:


1
2
3
4
5
1
6
5

H thng x l nc n gin
1.Trm bm ging; 2. Ejector thu kh; 3.B lc p lc; 4. Van x kh;
5. ng thu nc sch; 6. B lc;

X L Nc Ngm C Hm Lng St Cao (Hm Lng St > 10 mg/l)
Cng ngh x l: Lm thong Lng hoc Lc tip xc Lc trong

iu kin p dng
1. oxy ho < (Fe
2+
/28 +5), mg/l
2. Tng hm lng st: >10 mg/l
3. Tng hm lng mui khong <1000mg/l
4. Hm lng SiO
2
2-
< 2 mg/l
5. Hm lng H
2
S < 1 mg/l
6. Hm lng NH
4
+
< 1,5 mg/l
7. Nhu cu oxy = oxy ho + 0,47 H
2
S + 0,15Fe
2+
<10mg/l
8. pH < 6,8 tnh ton thit b lm thong theo iu kin kh kh CO
2
nhm tng pH.
9. pH > 6,8 tnh ton thit b lm thong theo iu kin ly oxy kh st.

S cng ngh x l chung

Nc sach
Loc
Tiep xuc va
kh trung
Nc ngam
Lam
thoang
Hoa Chat
Tron va
lang can
Xa can ra be
nen can
Lang nc
ra loc
Clorine

Nc ngm c bm ln t ging khoan hay ging o c a vo lm thong
bng dn ma, lm thong cng bc lm thong nc. Qu trnh lm thong
y ch yu l cung cp oxy cho nc. Nc sau khi lm thong c dn vo b
khuy trn v lng cn, trc khi i vo b nc c tip xc vi ho cht c tc
dng y mnh qu trnh oxy ho st ho tan thnh st 3. nc t b lng c dn
qua b lc, b lc c cha nhiu lp vt liu lc. Nc sch sau khi qua b lc
c kh trng bng dung dch clorine trc khi cung cp cho ngi s dng.

trnh hin tng tt lc b lc, do n chu k chng ta phi tin hnh ra
lc bng nc (nc + kh). Cn b lng c a vo b nn cn.

Mt s s cng ngh thng c s dng nh hnh v sau:

H thng cp nc n tiu dng
1.Trm bm ging; 2.Thp lm thong cng bc; 3.B lng tip xc; 4. B lc
nhanh; 5.Thng cha dung dch clorine; 6.B cha nc sch;7.Qut; 8. Bm
1
2
5
7
3
4
5
6
8
e n ho
gia nh


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