Bo co mn Tnh ton Li

ti

CLOUD COMPUTING

V Lm Khang 09070446
H L Hoi Trung 09070473

MC LC
I. GII THIU.......................................................................................................................4
II. CC NGHIN CU LIN QUAN .................................................................................5
III. CLOUD COMPUTING: NH NGHA, TNH CHT V M HNH.........................6
3.1. nh ngha...................................................................................................................6
3.2. Tnh cht c bn ca Cloud Computing [7]................................................................7
3.2.1. T phc v theo nhu cu (On-demand self-service)............................................8
3.2.2. Truy xut din rng (Broad network access).......................................................8
3.2.3. Dng chung ti nguyn (Resource pooling).........................................................8
3.2.4. Kh nng co gin (Rapid elasticity).....................................................................9
3.2.5. iu tit dch v (Measured service)...................................................................9
3.3. Cc m hnh Coud Computing..................................................................................10
3.3.1. M hnh dch v.................................................................................................10
3.3.1.1. Infrastructure as a Service IaaS................................................................10
3.3.1.2. Platform as a Service PaaS.......................................................................10
3.3.1.3. Software as a Service SaaS......................................................................10
3.3.2. M hnh trin khai..............................................................................................11
3.3.2.1. Public Cloud................................................................................................11
3.3.2.2. Private Cloud...............................................................................................12
3.3.2.3. Hybrid Cloud ..............................................................................................12
IV. CLOUD COMPUTING: LI CH V KH KHN....................................................15
4.1. Cloud c phi l gii php ti u cho cc doanh nghip?.........................................15
4.2. Nhng thun li v kh khn ca cloud computing..................................................15
4.2.1. Tnh sn sng .....................................................................................................15
4.2.2. Data lock-in........................................................................................................15
4.2.3. Bo mt v kim tra d liu ..............................................................................16
4.2.4. Vic gy ra thc c trai trong vic truyn d liu..............................................17
4.2.5. Kh tin on trong hiu sut thc thi ca my tnh..........................................17
4.2.6. p ng nhu cu kh nng lu tr ca ngi dng...........................................17
4.2.7. Kh nng t co gin ca h thng......................................................................18
4.2.8. Bn quyn phn mm.........................................................................................18
4.3. Li ch ca Cloud Computing i vi doanh nghip[4]...........................................18
4.3.1. Gim chi ph.......................................................................................................18
4.3.2. S dng ti nguyn hiu qu hn.......................................................................19
4.1.3. Tnh linh hot.....................................................................................................20
V. S KHC NHAU GIA CLOUD COMPUTING V GRID COMPUTING..............20
VI. KT LUN HNG PHT TRIN TRONG TNG LAI...................................22
6.1. Kt lun.....................................................................................................................22
6.2. Hng pht trin ca ti.......................................................................................22
6.2.1. OpenID[14][15]..................................................................................................22
6.2.2. Kt hp Cloud Computing v OpenID...............................................................23
TI LIU THAM KHO....................................................................................................25

DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1. Cha c ci nhn kht qut v Cloud Computing.....................................................6
Hnh 2. nh ngha Cloud Computing...................................................................................7
Hnh 3. NIST Visual Model of Cloud Computing Definition................................................8
Hnh 4. Nhiu khch hng dng chung ti nguyn................................................................9
Hnh 5. Cc loi dch v Cloud Computing ........................................................................10
Hnh 6. M hnh SPI.............................................................................................................11
Hnh 7. M hnh Public Cloud.............................................................................................11
Hnh 8. Private Cloud v Public Cloud................................................................................12
Hnh 9. Kt hp Public Cloud v Private Cloud..................................................................12
Hnh 10. Hybrid Cloud.........................................................................................................13
Hnh 11. Trin khai ng dng trn Hybrid Cloud................................................................13
Hnh 12. Bng kho st cht lng dch v.........................................................................15
Hnh 13. Biu so snh hiu xut chy 72 my o trn EC2 gia cc my chia s b nh
(a) v my chia s cng (b)...............................................................................................17
Hnh 14. Cloud Computing gip doanh nghip gim chi ph u t...................................19
Hnh 15. Single-tenant..........................................................................................................19
Hnh 16. Multi-tenant...........................................................................................................20
Hnh 17. Bng so snh Cloud Computing v Gird Computing............................................21
Hnh 18. Mt s nh cung cp OpenID[15].........................................................................23
Hnh 19. Kt hp Cloud Computing v OpenID..................................................................24

I. GII THIU
Khi nim v m hnh Cloud Computing mi xut hin gn y, ang pht trin rt
mnh m v si ni nh mt tro lu mi, cc cng ty cung cp dch v Cloud ngy cng
nhiu, cung cp cc dch v ngy cng a dng.
c im ni bt ca Cloud Computing chnh l kh nng co gin linh hot, s tin
li v gim ti a chi ph cho ngi dng. Chnh iu ny thu ht s quan tm ca rt
nhiu doanh nghip khi bc chn vo Cloud Computing.
ti ca ti tp trung vo cc vn sau:
- Tm hiu v m hnh Cloud Computing: nh ngha, kin trc, cc m hnh dch
v, m hnh trin khai.
- Phn tch cc c im, tnh cht ca Cloud Computing.
- Phn tch nhng li ch v kh khn ca Cloud Computing.
Hng pht trin trong thi gian ti ca ti l xy dng mt m hnh kt hp
Cloud Computing v OpenID nhm em li s tin li cho khch hng trong vic qun l
ti khon Cloud Computing.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, OpenID, Benefits of Cloud, Challenges of Cloud, Web
2.0, Virtualization, Everything as a Service, Elasticity, Resource on-demand, Usage-based
costing.

II. CC NGHIN CU LIN QUAN

Cc nh ngha ca Cloud Computing vn cha thng nht. Trong s nhiu nh
ngha hin c, ti tham kho ch yu hai nh ngha ca Ian Foster[1] v Rajkumar Buyya [2].
Hai nh ngha ny ng v gc k thut v nu ln cc cng ngh cng nh cc c
im ni bt ca Cloud Computing.
Cc m hnh v c im c bn ca Cloud Computing ti tham kho cc m hnh t
Jinesh Varia[4], nhm Cloud Security Alliance[7] v mt s whitepaper ca Amazon[8][13].
Phn li ch v kh khn ca Cloud Computing ti tham kho cc phn tch ca
Michael Armbrust[3], John W. Rittinghouse[5], Paul T. Jaeger[6], Katarina Stanoevska[11],
Hamid R Motahari-Nezhad[19].
tng pht trin kt hp OpenID vi Cloud Computing n t m hnh MarketOriented Cloud Computing ca Rajkumar Buyya [2].

III. CLOUD COMPUTING: NH NGHA, TNH CHT V M HNH

3.1. nh ngha
Thut ng Cloud Computing ch mi xut hin gn y. Gia nm 2007, Amazon
y mnh nghin cu v trin khai Cloud Computing. Ngay sau , vi s tham gia ca
cc cng ty ln nh Microsoft, Google, IBM thc y Cloud Computing pht trin ngy
cng mnh m.
S pht trin mnh m ca Cloud Computing thu ht rt nhiu nh khoa hc, cc
trng i hc v c cc cng ty cng ngh thng tin (IT) u t nghin cu. Rt nhiu
chuyn gia a ra nh ngha ca mnh v Cloud Computing. Theo thng k ca tp ch
Cloud Magazine th hin ti c hn 200 nh ngha khc nhau v Cloud Computing. Mi
nhm nghin cu a ra nh ngha theo cch hiu, cch tip cn ca ring mnh nn rt
kh tm mt nh ngha tng qut nht ca Cloud Computing. Di y l v d mt s
nh ngha v Cloud Computing:
- Cloud Computing l dch v IT c cung cp khng ph thuc vo v tr (The
cloud is IT as a Service, delivered by IT resources that are independent of location [11] The 451 Group).
- Cloud Computing cung cp cc ti nguyn IT c kh nng m rng v co gin, cc
ti nguyn ny c cung cp dng dch v cho ngi dng thng qua mng Internet
(Cloud computing is a style of computing where massively scalable IT-related
capabilities are provided as a service across the Internet to multiple external
customers[11] - Gartner).
Nhng nh ngha trn c mt im chung: h c gng nh ngha Cloud Computing
theo hng thng mi, t gc nhn ca ngi dng u cui. Theo , tnh nng ch yu
ca Cloud Computing l cung cp c s h tng v cc ng dng v IT di dng dch v
c kh nng m rng c. Tuy nhin, cc cng ty nh Gartner, IDC, Merrill Lynch, The
451 Group [11] khng phi l cc cng ty chuyn v IT cho nn nhng nh ngha ny tp
trung vo gii thch Cloud Computing l nh th no v ch yu da trn kinh nghim
ca cc cng ty ny.

Hnh 1. Cha c ci nhn kht qut v Cloud Computing

ng gc nhn khoa hc k thut cng c nhiu nh ngha khc nhau, trong c

hai nh ngha ca Ian Foster v Rajkumar Buyya c dng kh ph bin v c nhiu
im tng ng.
Theo Ian Foster: Cloud Computing l mt m hnh in ton phn tn c tnh co gin
ln m hng theo co gin v mt kinh t, l ni cha cc sc mnh tnh ton, kho lu tr, cc
nn tng v cc dch v c trc quan, o ha v co gin linh ng, s c phn phi theo
nhu cu cho cc khch hng bn ngoi thng qua Internet ( A large-scale distributed
computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted,
virtualized, dynamically scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and
services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet[1]).
Theo Rajkumar Buyya: Cloud l mt loi h thng phn b v x l song gm cc
my tnh o kt ni vi nhau v c cung cp ng cho ngi dng nh mt hoc nhiu
ti nguyn ng nht da trn s tha thun dch v gia nh cung cp v ngi s dng.
(A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of
interconnected and virtualised computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented
as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established
through negotiation between the service provider and consumers[2]).

Hnh 2. nh ngha Cloud Computing

C hai nh ngha trn u nh ngha Cloud Computing l mt h phn b, cung cp
cc dng ti nguyn o di dng dch v mt cch linh ng theo nhu cu ca ngi dng
trn mi trng internet. Hay ta c th hiu mt cch n gin hn bng cc t kha ch
yu sau: delivered over internet (web 2.0), resource on demand (scalable, elastic, usagebased costing), virtualised, everything as a service, location independent. Nhng phn tip
theo s gii thch r hn v nhng t kha ny.

3.2. Tnh cht c bn ca Cloud Computing [7]

Cloud Computing c nm tnh cht ni bt so vi m hnh truyn thng.

Hnh 3. NIST Visual Model of Cloud Computing Definition

3.2.1. T phc v theo nhu cu (On-demand self-service)
Mi khi c nhu cu, ngi dng ch cn gi yu cu thng qua trang web cung cp
dch v, h thng ca nh cung cp s p ng yu cu ca ngi dng. Ngi dng c th
t phc v yu cu ca mnh nh tng thi gian s dng server, tng dung lng lu tr
m khng cn phi tng tc trc tip vi nh cung cp dch v, mi nhu cu v dch v
u c x l trn mi trng web (internet).
3.2.2. Truy xut din rng (Broad network access)
Cloud Computing cung cp cc dch v thng qua mi trng internet. Do , ngi
dng c kt ni internet l c th s dng dch v. Hn na, Cloud Computing dng dch
v nn khng i hi kh nng x l cao pha client, v vy ngi dng c th truy xut
bng cc thit b di dng nh in thoi, PDA, laptop Vi Cloud Computing ngi dng
khng cn b ph thuc v tr na, h c th truy xut dch v t bt k ni no, vo bt k
lc no c kt ni internet.
3.2.3. Dng chung ti nguyn (Resource pooling)
Ti nguyn ca nh cung cp dch v c dng chung, phc v cho nhiu ngi
dng da trn m hnh multi-tenant. Trong m hnh multi-tenant, ti nguyn s c
phn pht ng ty theo nhu cu ca ngi dng. Khi nhu cu ca mt khch hng gim
xung, th phn ti nguyn d tha s c tn dng phc v cho mt khch hng khc.
V d nh khch hng A thu 10 CPU mi ngy t 7 gi n 11 gi, mt khch hng B
thu 10 CPU tng t mi ngy t 13 gi n 17 gi th hai khch hng ny c th dng
chung 10 CPU .

Hnh 4. Nhiu khch hng dng chung ti nguyn

Cloud Computing da trn cng ngh o ha, nn cc ti nguyn da phn l ti
nguyn o. Cc ti nguyn o ny s c cp pht ng theo s thay i nhu cu ca tng
khch hng khc nhau. Nh nh cung cp dch v c th phc v nhiu khch hng hn
so vi cch cp pht ti nguyn tnh truyn thng.
3.2.4. Kh nng co gin (Rapid elasticity)
y l tch cht c bit nht, ni bt nht v quan trng nht ca Cloud Computing.
l kh nng t ng m rng hoc thu nh h thng ty theo nhu cu ca ngi dng.
Khi nhu cu tng cao, h thng s t m rng bng cch thm ti nguyn vo. Khi nhu cu
gim xung, h thng s t gim bt ti nguyn.
V d: khch hng thu mt Server gm 10 CPU. Thng thng do c t truy cp nn
ch cn 5 CPU l , khi h thng qun l ca nh cung cp dch v s t ngt bt 5
CPU d tha, khch hng khng phi tr ph cho nhng CPU d tha ny (nhng CPU ny
s c cp pht cho cc khch hng khc c nhu cu). Khi lng truy cp tng cao, nhu
cu tng ln th h thng qun l ca nh cung cp dch v s t gn thm CPU vo, nu
nhu cu tng vt qu 10 CPU th khch hng phi tr ph cho phn vt mc theo tha
thun vi nh cung cp.
Kh nng co gin gip cho nh cung cp s dng ti nguyn hiu qu, tn dng trit
ti nguyn d tha, phc v c nhiu khch hng. i vi ngi s dng dch v,
kh nng co gin gip h gim chi ph do h ch tr ph cho nhng ti nguyn thc s
dng.
3.2.5. iu tit dch v (Measured service)
H thng Cloud Computing t ng kim sot v ti u ha vic s dng ti nguyn
(dung lng lu tr, n v x l, bng thng). Lng ti nguyn s dng c th c
theo di, kim sot v bo co mt cch minh bch cho c hai pha nh cung cp dch v
v ngi s dng.
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3.3. Cc m hnh Coud Computing

Cc m hnh Cloud Computing c phn thnh hai loi:
- Cc m hnh dch v (Service Models): Phn loi cc dch v ca cc nh cung cp
dch v Cloud Computing.
- Cc m hnh trin khai (Deployment Models): Phn loi cch thc trin khai dch
v Cloud Computing n vi khch hng.
3.3.1. M hnh dch v
Hin ti c rt nhiu nh cung cp dch v Cloud Computing cung cp nhiu loi
dch v khc nhau. Tuy nhin c ba loi dch v Cloud Computing c bn l: dch v c s
h tng (Infrastructure as a Service IaaS), dch v nn tng (Platform as a Service
PaaS) v dch v phn mm (Software as a Service SaaS). Cch phn loi ny thng
c gi l m hnh SPI.

Hnh 5. Cc loi dch v Cloud Computing

3.3.1.1. Infrastructure as a Service IaaS
Trong loi dch v ny, khch hng c cung cp nhng ti nguyn my tnh c bn
(nh b x l, dung lng lu tr, cc kt ni mng). Khch hng s ci h iu hnh,
trin khai ng dng v c th ni cc thnh phn nh tng la v b cn bng ti. Nh
cung cp dch v s qun l c s h tng c bn bn di, khch hng s phi qun l h
iu hnh, lu tr, cc ng dng trin khai trn h thng, cc kt ni gia cc thnh phn.
3.3.1.2. Platform as a Service PaaS
Nh cung cp dch v s cung cp mt nn tng (platform) cho khch hng. Khch
hng s t pht trin ng dng ca mnh nh cc cng c v mi trng pht trin c
cung cp hoc ci t cc ng dng sn c trn nn platform . Khch hng khng cn
phi qun l hoc kim sot cc c s h tng bn di bao gm c mng, my ch, h
iu hnh, lu tr, cc cng c, mi trng pht trin ng dng nhng qun l cc ng
dng mnh ci t hoc pht trin.
3.3.1.3. Software as a Service SaaS
y l m hnh dch v m trong nh cung cp dch v s cung cp cho khch
hng mt phn mm dng dch v hon chnh. Khch hng ch cn la chn ng dng
phn mm no ph hp vi nhu cu v chy ng dng trn c s h tng Cloud. M
hnh ny gii phng ngi dng khi vic qun l h thng, c s h tng, h iu hnh
tt c s do nh cung cp dch v qun l v kim sot m bo ng dng lun sn sng
v hot ng n nh.
10

Hnh 6. M hnh SPI

3.3.2. M hnh trin khai
Cho d s dng loi m hnh dch v no i na th cng c ba m hnh trin khai
chnh l: Public Cloud, Private Cloud v Hybrid Cloud.
3.3.2.1. Public Cloud
Cc dch v Cloud c nh cung cp dch v cung cp cho mi ngi s dng rng
ri. Cc dch v c cung cp v qun l bi mt nh cung cp dch v v cc ng dng
ca ngi dng u nm trn h thng Cloud.
Ngi s dng dch v s c li l chi ph u t thp, gim thiu ri ro do nh
cung cp dch v gnh vc nhim v qun l h thng, c s h tng, bo mt Mt li
ch khc ca m hnh ny l cung cp kh nng co gin (m rng hoc thu nh) theo yu
cu ca ngi s dng.

Hnh 7. M hnh Public Cloud

11

Tuy nhin Public Cloud c mt tr ngi, l vn mt kim sot v d liu v

vn an ton d liu. Trong m hnh ny mi d liu u nm trn dch v Cloud, do nh
cung cp dch v Cloud bo v v qun l. Chnh iu ny khin cho khch hng, nht
l cc cng ty ln cm thy khng an ton i vi nhng d liu quan trng ca mnh khi
s dng dch v Cloud.
3.3.2.2. Private Cloud
Trong m hnh Private Cloud, c s h tng v cc dch v c xy dng phc
v cho mt t chc (doanh nghip) duy nht. iu ny gip cho doanh nghip c th kim
sot ti a i vi d liu, bo mt v cht lng dch v. Doanh nghip s hu c s h
tng v qun l cc ng dng c trin khai trn . Private Cloud c th c xy dng
v qun l bi chnh i ng IT ca doanh nghip hoc c th thu mt nh cung cp dch
v m nhim cng vic ny.
Nh vy, mc d tn chi ph u t nhng Private Cloud li cung cp cho doanh
nghip kh nng kim sot v qun l cht ch nhng d liu quan trng.

Hnh 8. Private Cloud v Public Cloud

3.3.2.3. Hybrid Cloud
Nh chng ta phn tch trn, Public Cloud d p dng, chi ph thp nhng
khng an ton. Ngc li, Private Cloud an ton hn nhng tn chi ph v kh p dng. Do
nu kt hp c hai m hnh ny li vi nhau th s khai thc u im ca tng m
hnh. l tng hnh thnh m hnh Hybrid Cloud.

Hnh 9. Kt hp Public Cloud v Private Cloud

12

Hybrid Cloud l s kt hp ca Public Cloud v Private Cloud. Trong doanh

nghip s out-source cc chc nng nghip v v d liu khng quan trng, s dng cc
dch v Public Cloud gii quyt v x l cc d liu ny. ng thi, doanh nghip s
gi li cc chc nng nghip v v d liu ti quan trng trong tm kim sot (Private
Cloud).

Hnh 10. Hybrid Cloud

Mt kh khn khi p dng m hnh Hybrid Cloud l lm sao trin khai cng mt ng
dng trn c hai pha Public v Private Cloud sao cho ng dng c th kt ni, trao i
d liu hot ng mt cch hiu qu.

Hnh 11. Trin khai ng dng trn Hybrid Cloud

13

Doanh nghip c th chn trin khai cc ng dng trn Public, Private hay Hybrid
Cloud ty theo nhu cu c th. Mi m hnh u c im mnh v yu ca n. Cc doanh
nghip phi cn nhc i vi cc m hnh Cloud Computing m h chn. V h c th s
dng nhiu m hnh gii quyt cc vn khc nhau. Nhu cu v mt ng dng c tnh
tm thi c th trin khai trn Public Cloud bi v n gip trnh vic phi mua thm thit
b gii quyt mt nhu cu tm thi. Tng t, nhu cu v mt ng dng thng tr hoc
mt ng dng c nhng yu cu c th v cht lng dch v hay v tr ca d liu th nn
trin khai trn Private hoc Hybrid Cloud.

14

IV. CLOUD COMPUTING: LI CH V KH KHN

4.1. Cloud c phi l gii php ti u cho cc doanh nghip?
iu ph thuc vo quy m ca cng ty, v tnh cht kinh doanh m doanh
nghip theo ui. i vi cc doanh nghip hot ng m d liu ca cng ty mang
tnh cht l sng cn trong vic kinh doanh th cng ty s xy dng nn mt h thng
ring trong cng ty ca mnh vn hnh nh h thng lu tr ca cc ngn hng. Nhng i
vi cc doanh nghip nh th Cloud c l l gii php ti u do h khng phi u t vo
c s h tng v cng khng cn phi c phng qun l, bo tr vn hnh h thng (nh
vn v vic thay th cc thit b lu tr, phi bo m nhit ca h thng lm vic
tt, ngoi ra cn vn v nng lng tiu th ca h thng), v d liu ca cng ty th c
l khng quan trng lm.
Ngoi ra vi cc dch v PaaS, th vn ph thuc vo nn tng ca nh cung cp
dch v l rt nhiu. V d vi Google v dch v Google App Engine th khi khch hnh
pht trin mt ng dng trn th s ph thuc vo Google, v hin nay vn API cha
c chun ha gia cc nh cung cp dch v theo dng ny trong Cloud Computing. V
vy nu h thng ca Google c trc trc hay c vn khc. Nu nhng iu lm ng
dng ca mnh khng chy c th ng dng ca mnh cng khng th chy ni khc v
nn tng bn di m nh cung cp dch v che du v cng khng phi l m ngun
m.

4.2. Nhng thun li v kh khn ca cloud computing

4.2.1. Tnh sn sng
Hin nay, vic s dng cc dch v ca cloud computing lm cho ngi s dng lo
lng n tnh sn sng ca dch v m h s dng. Nn y l mt l do c th lm cho
ngi s dng ngi s dng cc dch v ca Cloud Computing. Nhng hin ti, nhng
ngi s dng dch v ca Cloud Computing c th an tm v cht lng dch v. V d
nh trong SaaS c dch v tm kim ca Google, hin ti khi ngi dng truy cp vo trang
web s dng dch v tm kim ny th c th an tm rng mnh lun c p ng nu
mnh truy cp khng c th c th l vn do kt ni ng truyn mng. Nm
2008, c mt cuc kho st v cht lng dch v th c hai hng hng u t cht lng
phc v tt v tch sn sng ca dch v.

Hnh 12. Bng kho st cht lng dch v

Ngoi ra s e da n tnh sn sng ca dch v cn nm ch, khi dch v b tn
cng bng cch DDOS (distributed denial of service attacks).Vi kiu tn cng ny lm
cho cc nh cung cp dch v tn mt khong tin ln i ph vi cch tn cng ny.
4.2.2. Data lock-in
Hin nay cc phn mm c ci thin kh nng tng tc gia cc nn tng khc
nhau, nhng cc hm API ca Cloud Computing vn cn mang tnh c quyn, cha c
chun ha. Do khi mt khch hng vit mt ng dng trn mt nn tng do mt nh
cung cp dch v th ng dng s ch c s dng trn cc dch , nu em ng dng
15

 qua mt nn tng khc do mt nh cung cp dch v khc cung cp th c th khng

chy c. iu ny dn n ngi s dng ph thuc vo nh cung cp dch v. Ngoi ra
nh cung cp dch v cng s tp trung hn pht trin dch v ca mnh phc v nhu
cu ngi s dng tt hn.
Ngoi ra vic s dng cc dch v ca cloud computing cng gy ra mt vn , khi
d liu ca ngi s dng dch v lu tr trn h thng ca nh cung cp dch v th c
iu g m bo cho ngi s dng l d liu ca mnh s an ton, khng b r r ra bn
ngoi. Hin nay, v mt k thut th vn cha c cch no hiu qu gii quyt vn
trn. iu ny dn n vic thc hin hay s dng thng xy ra i vi cc nh cung cp
dch v c ting, uy tn.
V d: thng 8 nm 2008 khi dch v lu tr d liu trc tuyn ca Linkup b hng,
sau khi phc hi li h thng th pht hin ra mt 45% d liu ca khch hng. Sau s c
ny th uy tn v doanh thu ca cng ty h xung. Khong 20.000 ngi dng dch v ca
Linkup t b nh cung cp nay tm n mt nh cung cp dch v mi. V sau
dch v ny phi da trn mt dch v lu tr trc tuyn khc tn ti l Nirvanix, v
hin nay hai cng ty ny kt hp vi nhau trong vic cung cp dch v lu tr trc
tuyn.
T v d trn ta thy nu cc cc nh cung cp dch v c c ch chun ha cc API
th cc nh pht trin dch v c th trin khai dch v trn nhiu nh cung cp dch v, khi
mt nh cung cp dch v no b hng, th d liu ca cc nh pht trin khng mt
ht m c th nm u trn cc nh cung cp dch v khc. Nu nh cch ny c cc
nh cung cp dch v th hin th s dn n cuc cnh tranh v gi ca nh cung cp. Hai
tham s nh hng n vic la chn mt dch v lc l:
Tham s th nht l cht lng dch v tng xng vi gi m ngi s dng tr cho
nh cung cp dch v. Hin nay c mt s nh cung cp dch v c gi cao gp 10 ln so
vi cc nh cung cp khc, nhng nu n c cht lng tt cng thm cc tnh nng h tr
ngi dng nh: tnh d dng, mt s tnh nng ph khc
Tham s th hai, ngoi vic gim nh data lock in, th vic chun ha cc API s
dn n mt m hnh mi: c s h tng cng phn mm c th chy trn private cloud hay
public cloud.
4.2.3. Bo mt v kim tra d liu
Nh phn tch phn trc , khi a d liu ln cloud th mt cu hi t ra l:
d liu ca mnh c an ton khng? Do cc d liu nhy cm ca cc cng ty thng
khng ln cloud lu tr. Vic d liu ln s lm cho kh nng b nhiu khc truy
xut hn. V vn ny ang l mt thch thc thc s i vi cng ngh hin i trong
vic vic bo mt d liu. Hin nay c mt gii pht l nhng ngi dng dch v Cloud
phi m ha d liu trc khi a ln h thng cloud, v khi mun s dng d liu ny th
phi thc hin cng vic gii m ny my local. V d vic m ha d liu trc khi a
ln cloud s bo mt hn so vi em d liu ln cloud m khng c m ha. M hnh ny
c nhng thnh cng nht nh i vi i vi vic s dng TC3, y l cng ty v
chm sc sc khe (cng ty ny s dng h thng TC3), d liu ca h l nhng thng tin
nhy cm ( d liu ca h ch yu l v cc thng tin bnh ca cc bnh nhn).
Ngoi ra, cn c th thm vo vic ghi nhn li cc thng tin m h thng lm, v
s dng cc h iu hnh o khi cung cp dch v IaaS s lm cho ng dng ca mnh kh
b tn cng hn.
Vic bo mt d liu ngoi cc vn v k thut th n cn lin quan n cc vn
khc nh con ngi, cc o lut Vic s dng cc lut bo v ngi s dng dch v
cloud khi h a d liu ca mnh lu tr trn Cloud, th cc nh cung cp dch v phi
bo m d liu ca khch hng khng b r r ra bn ngoi.

16

Thm vo cc nh cung cp dch v SaaS cn cung cp cho ngi dng c ch

la chn v tr m ngi dng mun lu tr d liu ca mnh. V d: Amazon cung cp
dch S3, khi s dng dch v ny ngi dng c th lu tr d liu vt l ca mnh chu
u hay M.
4.2.4. Vic gy ra thc c trai trong vic truyn d liu
i vi cc ng dng, m lc u ng dng bt u chy thng th d liu t, v
cng v sau th d liu cng nhiu. V ngoi ra c th c ng dng chy trn Cloud m d
liu c th lu cc v tr khc nhau. Khi lc ng dng ny chy c th dn n vic vn
chuyn gia cc d liu (vic vn chuyn d liu gia cc data center). Hin nay gi ca
vic vn chuyn d liu l 100$ n 150$ cho mi terabyte vn chuyn. Khi ng dng
chy cng v sau th chi ph ny c th cng tng ln, lm cho chi ph truyn ti d liu l
mt vn quan trng trong chi ph vn hnh ng dng. V vn ny cng c cc
nh cung cp dch v Cloud v nhng ngi s dng Cloud suy ngh n. V vn ny
c gii quyt trong dch v Cloudfront m cng ty Amazon pht trin.
4.2.5. Kh tin on trong hiu sut thc thi ca my tnh
Khi nhiu my o chy cng chy, th vn chia s v CPU hay b nh t hiu
qu cao, nhng vn giao tip IO ca cc my o ny gy ra nhiu vn v hiu sut.

Hnh 13. Biu so snh hiu xut chy 72 my o trn EC2 gia cc my chia s b nh
(a) v my chia s cng (b)
gim nh hng ca vic truy xut vo cng. Ta c th dng flash hn ch
trong gim hiu sut ny.
4.2.6. p ng nhu cu kh nng lu tr ca ngi dng
y l mt tnh nng kh tt ca Cloud Computing, phc v theo nhu cu ngi
dng: khi ngi dng mun m rng kh nng lu tr do nhu cu tng ln th h thng c
nhim v cung cp dung lng cho ngi s dng, khi ngi dng mun gim kh
nng lu tr th h thng c nhim v thu hi dung lng cp cho ngi s dng.
iu ny gy ra kh khn trong vic qun l h thng lu tr (khi mt ngi s dng
mua mt khong dung lng th phi cung cp cho ngi bao nhiu? va cho ngi
s dng yu cu hay nhiu hn yu cu?), tng phc tp cu trc d liu (cu trc d
17

liu lm sao h tr vn lu tr, vn duyt, vn m rng...), hiu sut truy xut d

liu trong cng khng cao (nu phc v nhu cu ca ngi s dng th h thng lu tr
ca mnh c th d b hin tng phn mnh trong lu tr). iu ny dn n vn
nghin cu to ra mt h thng lu tr sao cho tin li trong phc v nhu cu kh nng lu
tr ca ngi s dng.
4.2.7. Kh nng t co gin ca h thng
Hin nay, Google trin khai platform Google App Engine gip cc developer pht
trin web application. Khi ngi s dng dng dch v ny ca Google khi trin khai ng
dng, nu ng dng ca mnh s dng ht ti nguyn mua ca Google nu mnh chn
mc mua d liu (Google cn cung cp thm mt mc l s dng min ph khng c chc
nng ny) th khi google t ng cung cp thm ti nguyn (dung lng lu tr, s
clock m CPU chy cho ng dng) cho ng dng ta chy ng thi tnh thm tin cn. y
cng l mt thch thc trong vic nhn ra khi no ti nguyn ngi s dng dng mc
qu hn v cung cp thm ti nguyn ngi dng (y l vn cn thit nu nh cung cp
dch v khng cung cp kp ti nguyn th h thng ngi dng trin khai trn nn tng ca
nh cung cp dch v c th gy ra tnh trng hng).
Ngoi ra nu gii quyt c bi ton t co gin ti nguyn ca ngi s dng thu
th nh cung cp dch v cng s tit kim c mt khong tin. Theo nghin cu ca ca
trng i hc California th khi mt h thng hot ng trng thi hot ng nhiu nht,
cng ch s dng 2/3 cng sut ca h thng. Vy nu gii quyt tt th khi nh cung cp
dch v cho thu 2 my, c th iu chnh hiu sut ca 2 my ny t hiu qu hn. Gi
s h thng ta c th cung cp 100%, gi s rng ta cho 2 ngi dng thu ti nguyn v
c 2 khng bao gi s dng ti nguyn ny ht 100%. Nu bi ton co gin ti nguyn
c gii quyt th ta c th bn 100% h thng ca ta cho 2 ngi s dng ny.
4.2.8. Bn quyn phn mm
Hin ti cc my tnh nu khng c phn mm th my tnh cng ch l cc linh kin
khng c kh nng hot ng tt. Nu my tnh c thm cc phn mm th cc my tnh s
hot ng ht tt c kh nng ca n. Nhng bn quyn phn mm cng l mt vn i
vi cc nh cung cp dch v v nhng ngi s dng dch v in ton m my, ngoi ra
cn tin vn hnh v bo tr phn mm. V d: theo nh hng SAP cng b th chi ph
bo tr vn hnh phn mm hng nm chm t nht 22% gi tr ca phn mm. y cng
l c hi cho s pht trin ca cc phn mm m ngun m cng nh cch tnh ph ca cc
phn mm m ngun ng, v d ging nh nh cung cp Amazone v Microsoft c s kt
hp vi nhau trong phc v khch hng, v cch tnh ph phn mm v vic s dng dch
v EC2 ca ngi s dng. Nu khch hng dng EC2 chy cc phn mm c bn
quyn ca Microsoft nh Window Server hay Window SQL Server th b tnh ph l 0,15$
cn ngc li nu dng dch v EC2 m s dng phn mm m ngun m th ch phi tr
0,1$.

4.3. Li ch ca Cloud Computing i vi doanh nghip[4]

u vit ca Cloud Computing so vi nhng cng ngh c trc l n cho php
ngi dng mt kh nng s dng ti nguyn hiu qu, vi chi ph thp, ngi dng ch tr
chi ph cho nh cung cp nhng g s dng.
4.3.1. Gim chi ph
Khi doanh nghip s dng dch v Cloud Computing, c bit l Public Cloud, th
chi ph u t ban u rt thp. Nu doanh nghip t xy dng mt h thng quy m ln
cho mnh th chi ph u t rt ln (mua phn cng, qun l ngun in, h thng lm mt,

18

ngun nhn lc vn hnh h thng). V cc d n tn km nh vy thng cn rt nhiu

thi gian c ph chun. Vic xy dng mt h thng nh vy cng i hi nhiu thi
gian. Gi y, nh Cloud Computing, mi th c nh cung cp dch v chun b sn
sng, doanh nghip ch cn thu l c th s dng c ngay m khng phi tn chi ph
u t ban u.

Hnh 14. Cloud Computing gip doanh nghip gim chi ph u t

Mt yu t gip gim chi ph na l khch hng ch tr ph cho nhng g h tht s
dng (Usage-based costing). Vi nhng ti nguyn thu nhng cha dng n (do nhu
cu thp) th khch hng khng phi tr tin. y tht s l mt li ch rt ln i vi
doanh nghip khi s dng dch v Cloud Computing.
4.3.2. S dng ti nguyn hiu qu hn
Nh kh nng co gin (elasticity) nn ti nguyn lun c s dng mt cch hp l
nht, theo ng nhu cu ca khch hng, khng b lng ph hay d tha. i vi nh cung
cp dch v, cng ngh o ha gip cho vic khai thc ti nguyn vt l hiu qu hn, phc
v nhiu khch hng hn.
Mt yu t khc nh hng n vic s dng ti nguyn l cch gn (cp pht)
ti nguyn cho khch hng. Cc m hnh truyn thng hin thc cp pht ti nguyn theo
kiu single-tenant: mt ti nguyn c cp pht tnh trc tip cho mt khch hng, nh
vy mt ti nguyn ch c th phc v cho mt khch hng d cho khch hng c
nhng lc khng c nhu cu s dng th ti nguyn s trng thi rnh, d tha ch
khng c thu hi li.

Hnh 15. Single-tenant

19

Cloud Computing hin thc vic phn phi ti nguyn theo kiu multi-tenant: mt ti
nguyn c th c cp pht ng cho nhiu khch hng khc nhau, cc khch hng ny
s lun phin s dng ti nguyn c cp pht chung. Vi m hnh multi-tenant, mt ti
nguyn c th phc v cho nhiu khch hng khc nhau. Nh vy khi khch hng khng
c nhu cu, ti nguyn rnh s c h thng thu hi li v cp pht cho khch hng khc
c nhu cu.

Hnh 16. Multi-tenant

4.1.3. Tnh linh hot
Nh kh nng co gin m Cloud Computing cung cp, h thng ca khch hng c
kh nng m rng hoc thu nh mt cch linh hot ty theo nhu cu c th. Doanh ghip
c th khi u vi quy m nh, nhu cu thp nhng sau pht trin m rng quy m vi
nhu cu tng cao.
Cc dch v Cloud Computing c th c truy xut bt k u, bt k lc no
thng qua mng internet.
Khch hng c th la chn nh cung cp dch v no p ng tt nht cho nhu cu
ca mnh vi gi c v cht lng dch v hp l nht.
Vi Cloud Computing, doanh nghip s chuyn hu ht trch nhim v kim sot h
thng, qun l h tng, bo mt, m bo cht lng dch v cho nh cung cp dch v.
Khi doanh nghip s gim rt nhiu chi ph v ch tp trung vo nhim v chnh l kinh
doanh, khng phi bn tm nhiu n vic qun l, kim sot h thng.

V. S KHC NHAU GIA CLOUD COMPUTING V GRID COMPUTING

S khc nhau gia Grid Computing v Cloud Computing
Grid computing
Cloud computing
Sc mnh tnh ton
Tnh ton mnh hn Grid
S dng kh nng tnh
Computing; s dng kh
ton trong ni b ca
nng tnh ton ca internet
Cloud.

20

Lu tr

Tc truyn d liu (trao

i cc resource trong lc
thc thi)

Lu tr nhiu hn Cloud
Computing; dng cc giao
thc tm kim cc ti
nguyn thch hp trn mng
lu tr.
Tc chm hn Cloud
Computing; tc ca
ng truyn s dng
ng truyn internet, tc
thng l mega byte.

Kh nng m rng

C kh nng m rng. Vic

m rng c thc hin trn
ng truyn internet (khi
c nh cu s dng thm
resource th h thng s tm
trn mng xem hin c
resource no p ng nhu
cu ca mnh ph hp
khng).

Phm vi

Ch yu hng ti khoa
hc.

Resource

Vic s dng resource thng

qua vic tm kim cc
resource trn internet, ngi
dng khng th cu hnh ti
nguyn theo mun ca
ngi dng.

Kh nng lu tr t hn
Grid Computing; dng cc
data center trong vic lu
tr
Nhanh hn Grid
Computing, vic trao i
resource thng thc hin
bng ng truyn ni b,
c xy dng kt ni
gia cc data center. Tc
c th ln n hng
giga byte.
C kh nng m rng, co
li d dng v nhanh (theo
nhu cu s dng).
V d: nu trong mt thi
im ang c 10 my
nhng mun c 20 my th
Cloud Computing c th
cung cp, hoc mun gim
xung ch s dng cn 5
my; Cloud h tr cho
vic ny nhanh chng.
Ch yu hng ti thng
mi, quan tm n vic
phc v nhu cu ca
khch hng thng qua vic
cung cp cc dch v theo
nhu cu ca khch hng.
Cung cp resource theo
dng unified resource,
ngi dng c php cu
hnh resource theo nhu cu
ca ngi s dng.

Hnh 17. Bng so snh Cloud Computing v Gird Computing

21

VI. KT LUN HNG PHT TRIN TRONG TNG LAI

6.1. Kt lun
Cloud Computing l mt m hnh hon ton mi, c nhiu u im so vi cc m
hnh truyn thng nhng ng thi cng i mt vi nhng kh khn thch thc mi.
Cloud Computing ang pht trin rt mnh m v si ni nh mt tro lu mi, cc cng
ty cung cp dch v Cloud u t nghin cu v pht trin nng cao cht lng dch v
ca mnh.
c im ni bt ca Cloud Computing chnh l kh nng co gin linh hot, s tin
li v gim ti a chi ph cho ngi dng. Cc cng ngh gip hin thc Cloud Computing
l web 2.0, o ha (virtualization) v cung cp mi th di dng dch v (everything as a
service).
Tuy cn nhng e ngi v vn bo mt, tnh tin cy i vi nh cung cp dch v
nhng khng th ph nhn nhng li ch to ln m Cloud Computing mang li, c bit l
i vi nhng doanh nghip va v nh. Hn na trong tnh trng khng hong kinh t
ton cu hin nay, vic ct gim nhn lc, gim chi ph l yu cu sng cn ca nhiu
doanh nghip. Trong hon cnh , Cloud Computing c th tr thnh cu cnh ca cc
doanh nghip trong vn gim chi ph u t cho h thng, c s h tng v gim chi ph
cho nhn lc IT. Theo nhiu chuyn gia v doanh nghip tng s dng dch v Cloud
Computing, d cng ty ca bn quy m ln hay nh, bn cng nn th dng dch v
Cloud Computing, nu khng c th doanh nghip ca bn s b l mt c hi kinh doanh
trong tng lai.

6.2. Hng pht trin ca ti

Hin ti, cc nh cung cp dch v Cloud Computing cung cp cc dch v ca ring
mnh, khng hp tc vi nhau. Nhng khch hng thng c nhu cu s dng nhiu dch
v ca nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau. Vn ny sinh lc ny l lm sao cc dch v ny
c th kt hp hot ng, tng thch c vi nhau v lm sao gim thao tc ng k,
tng tc gia khch hng vi cc nh cung cp dch v.
Vn tng thch c th gii quyt bng cch a ra cc chun chung gia cc nh
cung cp dch v. Hin nay, cc nh cung cp dch v trin khai mt s chun vo cc
dch v ca mnh nh SAML, TSL, XMPP (tham kho ti liu [5], chng 7: Common
Standards in Cloud Computing, trang 183-212).
Trong phn tip theo, ti xut mt gii php gii quyt vn th hai. Phng
php ca ti l xy dng mt m hnh kt hp OpenID vo Cloud Computing nhm gip
cho khch hng ch cn ng k mt ti khon vi mt nh cung cp dch v l c th dng
ti khon s dng cc dch v ca nhng nh cung cp khc c h tr OpenID .
6.2.1. OpenID[14][15]
OpenID l mt h thng ng nhp mt ln khng c tnh tp trung. i vi nhng
trang web c s dng OpenID th ngi s dng khng cn phi nh cc thng tin v
username v password cho ring trang na. Thay vo h ch cn ng k trc mt
ti khon OpenID ti mt trong nhng nh cung cp OpenID, hay thng gi l i-broker.
Bn khng cn phi to ti khon mi ti cc trang web khc, bn ch cn bo cho trang
web bit OpenID ca bn l g. Khi bn dng OpenID ng nhp mt trang web th
trang web s lin h vi nh cung cp OpenID ly thng tin v ti khon ca bn.
Do OpenID khng mang tnh tp trung nn bt k trang web no cng c th s dng c
OpenID nh l mt cch ng nhp cho ngi dng.

22

Site
Google

URL Format
https://www.google.com/accounts/
o8/id

Yahoo!

me.yahoo.com

Microsoft
LiveJournal

accountservices.passport.net/
username.livejournal.com

MySpace
WordPress
Blogger

myspace.com/username
username.wordpress.com
username.blogger.com
blogid.blogspot.com
username.pip.verisignlabs.com

Verisign

Typepad
MyOpenID
Google Profile
Orange

blogname.typepad.com
username.myopenid.com
google.com/profiles/username
openid.orange.fr/username
or just orange.fr/

Launchpad

launchpad.net/~username

Comments
Google does not require the
username to be passed in the
openID string.
Yahoo! began allowing their
usernames to be used as openIDs
beginning January 31, 2008.
Yahoo! does not require the
username be passed in the
openID string.
Windows Live ID
LiveJournal supports OpenID as
both a provider and a relying
party.

Verisign offers a secure OpenID

service, with two-factor
authentication, which they call
"Personal Identity Provider"

Offers OpenIDs to their 40

million broadband subscribers,
and accepts OpenID to allow non
subscriber users to access a
subset of services.
See
https://help.launchpad.net/Your
Account/OpenID for details.

Hnh 18. Mt s nh cung cp OpenID[15]

6.2.2. Kt hp Cloud Computing v OpenID
Hin nay, khch hng mun s dng dch v ca mt nh cung cp th phi ng k
ti khon vi nh cung cp . Khi mun dng nhiu dch v ca nhiu nh cung cp khc
nhau, khch hng phi ng k nhiu ti khon khc nhau. Vic ny i khi dn n nhng
vn phin phc, gy kh chu cho khch hng, tn thi gian, kh qun l ti khon. Nu
cc nh cung cp dch v Cloud bt tay vi nhau, cng chia s thng tin xc thc ti
khon ca khch hng th khi khch hng ch cn ng k mt ti khon l c th s
dng c cc dch v ca nhng nh cung cp khc nhau.

23

Hnh 19. Kt hp Cloud Computing v OpenID

Xa hn na, nu chng ta c th to ra mt ni tng t nh mt siu th (marketplace[2]), ni m khch hng ch cn ng k mt ln sau c th s dng tt c
nhng dch v c trn . Cc nh cung cp dch v Cloud s k gi cc dch v ca
mnh ln market-place, khi khch hng s dng dch v th h thng qun l ca marketplace s t ng thay mt khch hng tha thun vi nh cung cp dch v Cloud.
y l hng pht trin chnh ca ti trong giai on tip theo: xy dng h thng
qun l t ng cho market-place.

24

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Ian Foster, Yong Zhao, Ioan Raicu, Shiyong Lu, Cloud Computing and Grid
Computing 360-Degree Compared, Grid Computing Environments Workshop, 2008.
[2] Rajkumar Buyya, Chee Shin Yeo, and Srikumar Venugopal, Market-Oriented Cloud
Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities,
International Conference on High Performance Computing, 2008.
[3] Michael Armbrust et al, Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing,
Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley,
Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2009-28,
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009-28.html, February 2009.
[4] Jinesh Varia, Architecting for the Cloud: Best Practices, Amazon, May 2010.
[5] John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome, Cloud Computing Implementation,
Management and Security, CRC Press, 2010.
[6] Paul T. Jaeger, Jimmy Lin, Justin M. Grimes, Cloud Computing and Information
Policy: Computing in a Policy Cloud?, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, May
2010.
[7] Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V2.1, Cloud
Security Alliance, December 2009.
[8] Security Best Practices, Amazon, January 2010.
[9] Introduction to Cloud computing White paper, Sun Microsystems, June 2009.
[10] Lewis Cunningham, Cloud Computing with Amazon and Oracle, 2008.
[11] Katarina Stanoevska et al, Grid and Cloud Computing: A Business Perspective on
Technology, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-642-0, 2010.
[12] SaleForce Cloud Computing, http://www.salesforce.com/cloudcomputing/
[13] Amazon Web Service EC2, http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/
[14] OpenID Foundation website, http://openid.net/
[15] OpenID wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenID
[16] Forrester Research, http://www.forrester.com/rb/search/results.jsp?N=71766
[17] PCWorld Vietnam, http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/cong-nghe/lam-thenao/2010/05/1219140/dien-toan-may-cho-doanh-nghiep/
[18] Google App Engine, http://code.google.com/appengine/

25

[19] Hamid R Motahari-Nezhad et al, Outsourcing Business to Cloud Computing Services:

Opportunities and Challenges, HP Laboratories, HPL-2009-23, 2009.

26