4.

5
Ef = 230 GPa, Em = 4.6 GPa, Gf = 92 GPa, Gm =1.77 GPa, Vm = 0.6 E1 = Vm * Em + Vf * Ef = 94.76 GPa E2 = (Em * Ef ) / (Vm * Ef + Vf * Em ) = 7.56 GPa = 0.28 G12 = ( Gm * Gf ) / (Gf * Vm + Gm * Vf ) = 2.91 GPa

4.6
material E-Glass S-Glass Carbon (T3000) Polyester Epoxy Vinyl ester E (Gpa) G (Gpa) neu 72.345 29.65 0.22 85 34.836 0.22 230 94.26 0.22 3.4 1.23 0.38 3.12 1.13 0.38 3.4 1.23 0.38

a) E-glass Polyester (isophthalic)

E1 = Vm * Em + Vf * Ef = 41.32 GPa E2 = (Em * Ef ) / (Vm * Ef + Vf * Em ) = 7.145 GPa = 0.292 G12 = ( Gm * Gf ) / (Gf * Vm + Gm * Vf ) = 2.6 GPa

b) S-glass Epoxy (9310)

E1 = Vm * Em + Vf * Ef = 48.154 GPa E2 = (Em * Ef ) / (Vm * Ef + Vf * Em ) = 6.635 GPa

= 0.292 G12 = ( Gm * Gf ) / (Gf * Vm + Gm * Vf ) = 2.415 GPa

c) Carbon (T3000) Vinyl ester

E1 = Vm * Em + Vf * Ef = 128 GPa E2 = (Em * Ef ) / (Vm * Ef + Vf * Em ) = 7.421 GPa = 0.292 G12 = ( Gm * Gf ) / (Gf * Vm + Gm * Vf ) = 2.69 GPa

4.11
Assume that the fiber is carbon and the matrix is epoxy Ef = 80 GPa, Em = 3.5 GPa E1 30 GPa Vf ((30 - Em ) / (Ef - Em ) E2 8.57 GPa Vf 0.618 The material will be composed of 65% of carbon and 35% of epoxy. Vm * Em + Vf * Ef 30 GPa Vf 0.346 (Em * Ef ) / (Vm * Ef Em + Vf * Em ) 8.57 GPa

Code

Results
a) from code E1 =145.848 GPa E2 =7.6514 GPa alpha1 = -4.3023e-005 /C alpha2 = 0.0021 /C G12 =2.7784 GPa neu12 =0.2840 b) from book E2 =7.6514 GPa G12 =2.7784 GPa This difference is due to different assumptions and different calculating formulas. In the book formula the shear modulus of fiber is assumed to be much greater than that of the matrix (Gf Gm). E2 is calculated in the code under the assumption that Vf is very high which is an invalid assumption in calculating in the transverse direction which leads to an inaccurate value but it can be called a lower bound, a better prediction can be obtained with the semiemperical Halpin Tsai formula which is used by the book.