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Design Constants For Interior Cylindrical Concrete Shells
Design Constants For Interior Cylindrical Concrete Shells
Design Constants For Interior Cylindrical Concrete Shells
IEI
PORTLAND CEMENT
ASSOCIATION
Design Constants
for Interior Cylindrical
Concrete Shells
In the discussion
of the ACI article Cylindrical SheJJ
Analysis Simplified by Beam Method by James Chinn,
design constants based on a linear transverse distribution
of longitudinal
strains, or in other words based on the
assumption
that the shells behave like a beam, were
presented by Messrs. Parme and Comer, These constants
provided a convenient
method of readily evaluating the
internal
forces and moments
created in long and in
intermediate
length cylindrical
shells by uniform arrd
dead load,
While
these constants are perfectly
satisfactory for long shells and were recommended
in this
range, some vagueness regnrding the applicable limit fnr
intermediate
length shells existed. This uncertainty was
caused primarily because the validity of the assumption
of linear strain depends not only on the ratio of radius to
longitudinal span but is as well a function of the subtended
@Portand Cement AssoclaUon196o
[)
The constants have been determined
on the basis that
transverse
and horizontal
displacement
of the
longitudinal
edges of the shell are prevented,
They are
thus applicable
to interior barrels in which restraint to
such movement is provided by adjacent barrels. However
they can be applied with tolerable accuracy to the interior
half of the exterior bay since the effect of disturbance
of
loads on the far edge has only minor influence on the first
interior valley.
This is especially true since to prevent
excessive deflection of the free edge an edge beam should
always be provided
(except for long shells with short
chord width) at the exterior edge.
Detcrrnination
of the internal forces in cylindrical
shells subject to uniform longitudinal loading by the shell
theory requires that the actual load he approximated
as
the sum of pnrtial loads varying sinusoidally according to
a Fourier Series in the longitudinal
direction.
From a
practical point of view generally only the first or at most
two partial
loads are used with adjustments
made
especially to the value of shear on the basis of statical
requirements.
However since Table 1 was prepared by
means of an electronic
computer,
the algebraic sum of
four partial loads was used to avoid the need of any
adjustment.
Even with this number of loads to achieve
sufficient accuracy it was found necessary in some cases
to employ Eulers convergence
technique,
The use of
such care should not hc interpreted however as needed or
justified on the basis uf underlying assumptions.
Its worth
rests solely on the fact that it permitted a more accurate
comparison
of values as the parameters
r/t and r/L are
varied, and enabled a more precise examination
of the
variation
of the internal
forces
in the longitudinal
direction.
In this connection,
the constants in Table 1 give only
the transverse distribution of forces at midspan and at the
2
Continuity
The design consta;ts of Table 1 are for simply supported
shells, i.e., the supports are assumed to offer no lateral
restraint. Thus it will be found that taking the summation
of the moment of Tx forces at midspan about any axis will
equal to wL2/8, Nevertheless
the constants can be applied
without any great loss of accuracy to shells continuous in
the longitudhral direction. The effect of continuity as one
might expect from beam behavior is to mdically change
the magnitude
and sense of the T. forces without
affecting greatly the other internal forces such as TO and
However,
while continuity
alters greatly
the
M+
longitudinal
distribution
of T, forces,
previous
investigations
have shown that only minor change in the
transverse distribution
uccurs.
Without becoming involved in complex mathematics,
a qualitative
appraisal Of the effect Of continuity On the
transverse distribution
can be made by recalling that the
tmasverse
distribution
of Tx is a function solely of the
relative
proportions
of transverse
to longitudinal
displacement.
When as in the case of long shell, the
vertical deflection of the edge measured with respect to
the crown of a unit strip at midspan is small compared to
the deflection of the same point measured longitudinally,
the distribution
of TX in the transverse direction is linear
and thus is similar to that of the fiber stress in a beam. As
the relative displacement
in the transverse
direction to
that in the longitudinal direction increases, the transverse
distribution of T, departs from a linear pattern becoming
curvilinear with a decrease in the slope of the stress curve
below the neutral axis. Since continuity decreases the
deflection of the section at midspan with respect to the
support, the effect of continuity is to increase the ratio of
transverse to longitudinal
deflection.
From this it follows that the transverse distribution
of
T. forces in a continuous
shell has slightly greater
curvature than that of a simply supported shell of the same
span aud radius.
An inkling of the relative difference
between
the two distributions
can be obtained
by
comparing the design constants in Table 1 for any two r/L
values with one r/L being 1.4 times the other. A pint of
the two transverse
distribution
curves will show that
Example
The ease with which the internal forces can be cumputed
makes the use of Table 1 self-explanatory.
In all cases,
3
X 12/4=
r/L = 45/50=
135
WL2/~ 6
=
WL218
0.90
Inspctimr
of the constants in Table 1 show that there
is only slight differences
in the constants for vafrres of r/t
and r/L in the range with%=
25 deg. and 27.5 deg. As
such, the design cnnstants will k selected from r/L= 1,0
and r/t = 100. But interpolation
for the specific @k is
recommended.
To simplify this task, advantage will be
taken of the fact that linear interpolation
can be aehleved
by adding algebraically
a fixed ratio of the two adjacent
values. For this example, tbe constants for @k = 25 deg.
are multiplied by
0.50
at the outer
1.25
support
are given
by the
3wLJ8 = ,75
wfJ2
X 0.45
+ 3.509X
0.55)
= 26,4
L
r
t
x
= -3,947
pu
Pd
pd=50+30~=79pSf
The multiplier
for TX therefore
Notation
0.55
by
T(j
is
L2
2
~ pd = ~
X 79 = 4390 lb/ft
TO at midspan
of the shell
Tx at midspan
of the shell
MO at midspan
of the shell
22
2.6
shear
.25~
0
M-
:3
tvrces
.Ooo
.939
2.282
3.550
.000
-1.268
-1.343
- .723
- .076
.318
(3)]
!!-!!
g
.064
-2.341
-6.425
- .741
26.078
-1.018
-3.113
-5.596
.323
22.631
-2.323
-3.743
-.4.609
1.817
19.067
-4.174
-4.337
-3.094
2.972
15.834
-5.461
-4.760
-2.069
3.771
13.364
-6.035
-4.946
-1.615
b.229
12.539
(1)
Tx
cc.,. (4)]
: :& 9
. W107
.00M 5
- .W302
. ..>.
: :=:
. W141
.W171
- .1313575
-.00286
-.00102
.W248
.00235
- .W743
::%
3.456
.Ooo
: 1:%
- .027
.345
ore 01 supoorrq
~ ::%
- 4.022
1.269
19.939
: !:5
2:W4
17.833
:~[
1.8
.:%
1%
.7!5$~
.W*
.25w
o
-1.327
- .W2w
-.00079
.00281
.00199
- .00648
.Ooo
1.374
2.701
3.341
.Ooo
-1.382
-1.289
- .652
.026
.369
-4.305
- 4.238
- 2.831
2.788
15.841
:Zk
25$k
0
1.4
-.00232
- .W093
.00221
.00223
-.13137139
.Ooo
1.592
2.911
3.222
.Ooo
-1.420
-1.198
- .622
.069
.384
- 5.103
-4.555
- 2.2U
3.416
U.172
I.Ooq
1.0
.Ow
1.783
3.094
3.117
.Ow
-1.430
-1.193
- .389
.087
.393
-5.682
-6.777
-1.808
3.853
13.023
I oo*k
.75 *k
.%~
.25%
0
- .00289
-.00102
.W351
.00234
-.00742
.~
1.959
3.238
3.034
.Wo
(4)
M*
r[pd
-1.415
-1.187
- .597
.077
.390
M,:
- 5.976
-4.893
-1.591
6.036
22.395
T,
= 100
le.-l!
S*= -L[pdml
Uy,,.,u,
I Do+k
.75 *K
.50*~
254k
0
r/t
Col. (2)
,.w,t,pi=
(3)
Tx
[Pd
Col. (1)
s,, u
(2)
.6
Pd
[1
rvrbca
(1)
+*
II II CrIIUI
T+ z
Tx .
r/L
Iuule
-1.164
-1.130
-.903
-.221
.281
-1.237
-1.173
-.832
-.137
.310
-1.328
-1.1%
- .739
-.040
.344
-1.419
-1.214
- .644
.051
.376
-1.471
-1.219
-.386
.lW
.3%
.WO
.272
1.821
3.838
.OW
.000
.348
2.095
3.729
.Ow
.WO
.911
2.408
3.572
.Ooo
.Wo
1.299
2.725
3.3%
.000
l:R
2.998
3.247
.Wo
.Ooo
1.882
3.227
3.126
.Ooo
(3)
rtt = 200
-1.432
-1.210
- .598
.083
.393
(2)
-1.471
-1.225
- .593
.097
.3%
-6.934
-4.626
-2.510
3.531
14.339
-2.768
-3.935
-4.260
2.255
17.999
- .473
- 3.ceo
-6.124
.607
22.579
1.149
-2.283
- 7.4U
-1.056
27.029
1.982
-1.614
-8.098
-2.611
31.038
-.00307
-.00117
.00248
.00251
-.00727
-.00251
- .W103
.00203
.00229
-.00661
.00180
-.00083
. W145
. W195
- .W368
-.WI19
-.00063
.0W95
. W162
-.oLvb77
-.00075
-.W048
.00059
. W134
-.oWo3
300
-1.030
-1.118
-1.017
- .333
.248
-1.118
-1.144
- .%46
- .242
.276
-1.224
-1.175
- .838
- .126
.314
-1.360
-1.206
- .7W
.002
.338
-1.476
-1.219
- .383
.099
.398
-6.011
-4.947
-1.648
4.123
22.608
-.00315
-.00118
.00236
.00231
-.00729
(2)
T,
(1)
Tx
rl,
~;
(4)
@pd
-.00220
- .0w96
. W175
.00216
-.00611
- .00302
- .W118
.00242
.00251
- .W715
- .00328
- .00223
.W263
.00238
- .00738
(4)
.Ow
-.226
1.386
4.102
.000
.000
.009
1.677
4.022
.000
-.00037
-.00038
.0W24
.00113
-.00329
-.00074
- .0W32
. 0W55
. W1.40
-.00397
.IXX3 - .W135
.408
-.00072
2.lubl
. WI05
3.838
.@3175
.Ooo - .W93
.Wo
.939
2.462
3.594
.Ooo
.Ooo
1.436
2.854
3.360
.Ooo
.000
1.787
3.260
3.289
.Ooo
(3)
Internal
TO
-1.349
-1.188
- .698
- .019
.342
-3.747
3.581
-2.170
2.520
22.361
-2.822
-3.218
-2.874
1.790
14.357
-1.944
-2.828
-3.527
.977
16.387
-1.259
-2.464
-4.014
.179
18.799
rces are 0? supports,
I .oo~
.75 qk
t)o$k
.25$k
o
IClo$k
75 $lk
.50*
.25w
o
l.cQk
.75 $ ~
.w+~
.25@k
o
I.W$k
.75 $k
.m~
.z5@~
o
*Sheer
1.4
I.e
22
2.6
-1.215
-1.137
-.796
-.147
.285
-1.279
-1.164
- .75.5
- .089
.313
-1.410
-1.202
- .635
.048
.368
1;:?7
1.0
.6
.75 $k
50@~
.25$~
o
-1.441
-1.202
- .591
.007
.383
(2)
-4.482
-3.84!3
-1.603
Col. (2)
Do$k
.75 @k
.m$~
.25Qk
o
(1)
T,
[Pd
Col. (})
(4)
rz
-.00100
.00052
.00091
.00157
.00525
-.00150
-.00070
.00132
.00191
.02616
.00216
-.00092
.00186
.00230
-.00719
-.00291
-.00114
.00246
.00267
- .0CCU9
-.00352
-.00131
.002%
.00293
- .01X89
Shell
1.147
-1.415
.6.126
-2.057
25.115
.571
-1.908
-5.703
- .8S7
21.928
- .582
-2.510
-4.789
.446
28.414
-2.273
-3.171
-3.428
1.759
14.777
-1.C49
-1.117
- .993
- .327
.241
-1.129
-1.141
- .933
- .244
.267
-1.225
-1.170
- .836
- .135
.302
-1.349
-1.200
- .710
- .011
.344
-1.457
-1.218
- .601
.087
.380
-1.469
.1.214
.582
.097
.387
.Ooo
-.079
1.315
3.614
.Ooo
.Ooo
.107
1.362
3.552
.Ooo
.429
1.872
3.418
.000
.Ooo
.Ooo
.871
2.233
3.219
.Ooo
.Ooo
1.31YI
2.579
3.018
.Wo
1.618
2.851
2.869
J300
.Ooo
-3.951
.3.728
.2.078
2.8043
11.792
-4.851
-4.005
-1.359
3.326
10.291
Pd COI. (4)
[1
[1
- .W368
-. 0+3133
.00309
.00295
- .0@98
MO=
S*= - L
Cylindrical
.599
1.853
3.291
.Ooo
.Ooo
.801
2.066
3.215
.Ooo
.Ooo
.Ooo
1.W+9
2.299
3.105
.Ooo
1.310
2.532
2.981
.Ooo
.Ooo
2.740
2.868
.Ooo
1.538
.Ooo
2.920
2.776
.OIN
1.733
.Ooo
[3)
in o Multiple
-1.428
-1.194
- .595
.078
.381
Pd
[1
Forces
-.4.856
-3.986
-1.317
3.318
10.171
T+ z
TX, +=
.Oo+k
/L
Toble
-.00W+4
-.00W2
.00030
.00131
-.00395
-.00085
-.00059
.00064
i 00163
-.00476
-.00153
- .W3032
.00120
.00205
-.00588
-.00252
-.00112
.00203
.00255
-.00730
-.00355
-.00139
.@3286
.00300
-.00360
-.00397
-.00148
.00320
.00313
-.00900
9P*
2.038
- .564
-7.013
-3.920
29.611
2.017
-1.115
-6.986
-2.441
25.992
1.240
-1.803
-6.341
.871
22.035
- .573
-2.640
-4.841
.810
17.536
- 3.@57
-3.487
-2.805
2.385
13.080
-4.740
-3.981
-1.455
3.280
10.457
(1)
Tx
.Ooo
- .067
1.&71
3.685
.Ooo
.Ooo
- .319
1.151
3.788
.Ooo
-1.096
-1.139
- .957
- .245
.267
-1.014
-1.107
-1.W4
- .355
.234
.Ooo
-.403
.904
3.806
.Ooo
.Ooo
.419
1.895
3.463
.Ooo
-1.240
-1.179
- .813
- .099
.314
- .977
-1.082
-1.087
- .437
.212
.0i30
1.W5
2.377
3.165
.CQo
-1.417
-1.214
- .641
.055
.368
.000
(3)
1.510
2.765
2.936
.Ooo
= 300
-1.493
-1.222
- .564
.115
.393
(2)
T+
l/t
+,=
-.00010
-.0C030
-.00002
.00108
-.00319
-.00035
-.00044
.00020
.00135
-. W383
-.00089
-.00065
.00065
.00173
-.00483
-.00190
-.00097
.00149
.00227
-.00635
-.00326
-. W134
.00260
.W3289
-.00817
-.00409
-.00153
.00327
.00320
-.00912
(4)
25
2.6
Sheer
forces
are
COI (3)
- 1.WO
-1.109
-1.015
- .342
.230
- .737
- 2.240
- 3.788
.730
14.333
.638
- 1.594
- 4.907
.61M
17.937
1.255
- 1.070
- 5.391
. 1.842
21.146
1.354
.663
-5.417
-2.974
24.C40
-.00311
- .@313fJ
.00238
.00305
-.00912
- .0020a
-.00098
.00174
.00250
-.0076 5
:
::%
.Wll o
.0020 1
-.0063 4
-.0007
-.0005
.0006
.0016
-.0053
9
1
8
2
0
-1.117
-1.139
- .934
- .237
.261
- 2.619
- 2.898
- 2.259
1.979
10.809
- .00412
-.00158
. 0+3341
.00349
- .01036
-1.003
-1.085
-1.055
- .418
.208
-1.250
-1.176
- .800
- .096
.306
- 1.411
-1.210
- .641
.050
.3%
-1.482
-1.217
_ .%7
.108
.380
(2)
- 3.916
- 3.292
_ 1.214
2.71X
8.699
.~
-.241
.934
3.377
.Ooo
.000
-.161
1.146
3.368
.000
.000
.056
1.424
3.285
.000
.~
.465
1.788
3.103
.0+30
.000
.991
2.198
2.857
.W
.~
1.394
2.532
2.663
.00i3
(3)
r/+ = 200
- .00454
-.00166
.00375
.00361
- .01073
Pd COI. (4)
pd
[1
[1
(1;
M+
rz
Shell
(4)
MO=
S*=
Cylindrical
.000
.324
1.488
3.083
.000
-1.153
-1.122
- .868
- .224
.251
:;:
so%
,25$k
0
0? supporrs,
:R
1.689
3.031
.000
-1 213
-1:149
- .825
- .162
.279
: 2:E
- 3.576
.105
15.827
g~
1.8
:1:8:
_ 3.913
- .674
18.005
.003
.737
1.929
2.933
.Ooo
-1.292
-1.176
- .738
- .079
.311
- 1.606
-2.407
-2.990
.947
13.499
IDo%
.75 $~
.50~
.25Qk
0
1.4
.25 +~
.000
1.035
2.190
2.800
.000
-1.378
-1.197
- .671
.013
.344
- 2.600
- 2.808
- 2.222
1.767
11.231
I.xl~
.75 ~
.a$k
.qk
0
Lo
22
.000
1.314
2.432
2.669
.cOO
-1.441
1.2W
- .598
.080
.369
- 3.5~
- 3.133
- 1.509
2.405
3.452
I oak
.75 Qk
.we~
.25+k
0
.6
.000
1.536
2.633
2.%5
. OQo
-1.441
-1.199
- .388
.@34
.372
- 4.008
- 3.304
- 1.118
2.738
8.515
T+
= 100
I .Oo.+k
.75 fk
.50.+k
.250 ~
0
r/f
(2)
(3)
Tx
[Pd
Col.
Col. II)
Forces in o Multir31e
(2)
+2[1
Pd
Internal
(1)
r/L
T+ .
T, :
Table 1
_ .131)1318
- .00035
..00126
-.0038 5
- .&3~7
- .00051
.00029
.00158
- .00462
- .00109
- .00076
.00031
.00204
- .00580
- .00223
- .00113
.00176
.00268
- .00736
- .00380
- .00156
.00304
.00340
- .00968
_ .o~82
- .00180
.00387
.00379
- .olw~
$
(4)
ppd
1.434
.101
-5.571
-4.872
28.226
1.839
- .349
-5.987
-3..411
24.769
1.818
- .932
-5.965
-1.895
21.202
.842
-1.670
-5.123
- .302
17.210
-1.433
-2.557
-3.234
1.381
12.587
-3.672
-3.231
-1.415
2.597
9.038
(1)
T,
= 300
- .94!7
-1.049
-1.118
- .522
.184
- .957
-1.073
-1.100
- .446
.202
-1.000
-1.104
-1.047
- .347
.227
-1.115
-1.146
- .927
- .207
.269
-1.323
-1.195
- .724
- .019
.332
-1.492
-1.222
- .561
.116
.381
(2)
TO
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-.375
.550
3.483
.Ooo
.000
- .4@3
.768
3.523
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.Ooo
-.322
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3.497
.Ooo
.Ooo
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1.421
3.349
.000
.Ooo
.651
1.935
3.LW3
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.Ooo
1.271
2.427
2.737
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-.00023
-.00021
.00101
-.00311
-.00005
-.00036
-.00009
.00129
-.00371
- .00W2
-.00056
.00023
.00167
-.00463
-.00135
-.00090
.00102
.00226
-.00622
-.00313
-.00141
.00249
.00312
-.00873
- .0W84
-.00182
.00387
.00382
- .0W35
4
(4)
27.5
2.6
2.2
I.6
1.4
1.0
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-2.678
-2.559
-1.506
1.867
a.663
-1.622
-2.177
-2.345
1.117
10.570
- .671
-1.763
-3.086
.246
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-.W525
- .oao54
.ooo46
.oW42
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203
- a0634
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-.oW6a
- .WlSl
- .OW98
.w147
.OO260
- .W782
- .W3oa
- .W139
.W251
.oo331
- .w975
-.oo45i
- .OOlSl
.oo374
.oo401
- .01171
- .w544
-.omOl
.o0445
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- .01263
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23.021
- 1.065
.168
- 4.488
3.636
1.285
- .49a
- 2.544
4.755
20.255
1.168
- .942
- 4.684
- 1.366
17.332
.326
- 1.520
- 3.984
- .ce9
14.o40
- 1.444
- 2.210
- 2.531
1.248
10.345
- 3.125
- 2.728
- 1.167
2.194
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-1.057
- .494
-1.087
--1.068
.424
.199
- .9a3
- 1.078
-1.031
- 1.108
- 1.013
- .327
.225
-1.144
- 1.147
- .8%
- .189
-265
-1.336
- 1.193
- .7oa
- .OlO
.324
-1.482
- 1.216
- .563
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- .261
3.128
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- .268
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3.162
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- .171
1.074
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1.405
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1.845
2.750
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1.197
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1.188
2.900
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.243
1.368
2.878
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- 1.144
-1.129
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: -238
.246
- 1.094
- 1.103
.931
- -298
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1.599
2.801
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1.876
2.668
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1.102
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2.513
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1.363
2.384
2.392
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1.221
1.157
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.192
-1.127
-3.678
-1.320
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15.263
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- 1.325
- 1.185
- .723
- ,038
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- I.425
- 1.204
_ -615
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- 1.452
- 1.202
- .579
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-3.340
-2.717
- .9ao
2.286
7.269
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- .WllS
.w375
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-mo2a
-.OOOl6
-.QWol
.WlSl
-.ow47
-.OOOl6
-.oow3
.ooo39
.w197
- .w559
-.ooo62
-.ooo67
- .W170
-.oolo6
.w130
.oo268
- .w747
-.W371
- .W164
.002%
.W367
- .01033
- .W562
-.W212
.oo450
.w444
- .Ol268
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MQ
5.589
27.073
.6O3
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- 4.097
-4.762
-4.1%
23.644
1.180
.155
1.635
- .339
- 5.la2
- 2.634
20.216
1.453
- .9ai
- 4.981
- 1.095
16.657
- .148
- 1.807
- 3.607
.538
12.402
- 2.714
- 2.621
- 1.502
2.009
8.163
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.l61
.952
-1.mo
-1.119
--1.122
.521
-176
- .940
-1.042
- .947
-1.072
-1.100
- .428
.197
-1.015
-1.113
-1.020
- .3o3
.231
-1.208
-1.168
- .826
- .lll
.291
-1.465
-1.215
- .581
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.ooa
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-.245
3.157
.288
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3.238
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.ooo
-346
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-.386
.730
3.272
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-.241
1.057
3.210
330
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1.540
2.960
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1.045
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2.586
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-A003 I1
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-.OW2
-.0002
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-.0056
-.OOW 16
-.oow 6
-.Wol .l
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- .w59
-.ooo7
-.oW7
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-A026
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-1.796
16.677
-1.102
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-.0003 2
-.0002 1
.0001 9
.00156
-.0051 4
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2.727
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-1.047
-1.as2
- .978
-.366
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2.735
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- .310
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-.00142
-.00093
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.00260
-.00777
.Ooo
.224
1.315
2.689
.Ooo
-1.147
-1.134
- .893
-.224
.244
- .028
-1.262
-3.092
- .315
12.585
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-.00280
-.00140
.00225
.00345
-.O1OM
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1.590
2.570
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-1.2%
-1.167
- .785
- .101
.283
- .818
-1.660
-2.475
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10.187
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1.0
-.00481
-.00198
.00390
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-.01282
.Ooo
.894
1.903
2.396
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-1.391
-1.197
- .646
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.327
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-1.944
-2.0S3
-1.574
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- .979
- .276
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- .932
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- .496
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19.302
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- .00056
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.00189
- .00539
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- .00034
- .00023
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- .00435
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- .00020
- .00028
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- .00366
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2.876
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- .260
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- .263
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26.101
- .953
-1.083
-1.079
- .380
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1.461
- .495
-4.505
-1.669
15.930
- .03109
- .00095
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- .00720
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- .097
1.099
2.900
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-.00018
-.00040
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-.00354
.00012
-.00008
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- .334
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- .327
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-.00189
-.00127
.00145
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-.00851
-.00562
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- .588
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- .926
- .203
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-1.231
-3.771
- .115
12.184
-1.240
-1.170
- .791
- .0s7
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-1.409
-1.204
- .626
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- .00327
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-2.107
-1.683
1.483
7.686
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1.013
2.009
2.367
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- 1.o79
- 1.065
- .402
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- .00239
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1.189
- .485
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-1.918
16.614
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- .988
-3.937
- .700
13.647
- .480
-1.645
-2.790
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10.136
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-.01460
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1.210
2.168
2.247
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-1.203
- .570
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12.191
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-.00605
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.00234
-.00758
-.00233
-.00134
.00183
.00347
-.01001
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-2.596
-4.465
21.274
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3.129
-3.474
18.611
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- .162
-3.570
-2.342
15.897
1.037
- .602
-3.666
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13.132
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2.559
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1.337
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- .617
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- .551
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- .948
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- .464
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15.196
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11.807
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4.075
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1.174
1.525
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(21
T+
Shell
.285
.253
.186
-3.252
13.734
-
.376
.119
- .043
-2.964
11.697
.437
.057
.483
- 2.376
9.540
.189
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- 1.086
-1.439
7.308
.298
.313
1.488
.304
5.054
-1.012
- .968
- .9C8
- .768
.053
-1.015
- .959
- .933
- .723
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-1.008
- .953
- .973
- .645
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- .966
- .974
-1.021
- .517
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- .941
-1.047
- .997
- .322
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. 1.109
1.106
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.154
(2)
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1.302
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1.467
. 0C4
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1.635
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1.775
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1.820
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-.00016
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- .00002
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-.00035
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-.00397
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- .00068
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- .00737
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.02171
. .0060:
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1.697
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-
(4)
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.380
.426
3.664
16.157
.246
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.368
-3.552
13.680
.407
.108
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-3.051
11.136
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-2.098
8.519
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-1.463
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5.755
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- .449
-1.411
- .013
4.395
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1.012
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1.019
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1.002
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(2)
T+
rlt = 3oa
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(3)
- .048
- .585
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3.772
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1.318
1.143
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.191
.640
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2.847
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r/+ z 100
Col. (2)
r [,
.
-
To ,
Col. (1)
Forces in o Multiple
Pd
[1
I ,Oo$k
r/L
Internal
TX, $
Table 1
.Ooo
.250
.340
1.057
.000
.000
.274
.260
1.255
.OCQ
.000
.284
.190
L.479
.Ooo
.000
.205
.232
1.693
.000
.547
1.826
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-.026
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.Ooo
.IM5
.796
1.784
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(3)
+,
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.00194
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.01672
-.00001
.00001
-.00003
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.00251
-.00003
.00006
-.00015
.00020
-.00311
-.00004
.00013
-.00044
. 00%5
- .0C408
.00022
.00001
-. 00+394
.00166
-.00592
. 001M6
-.00105
-.00098
.00406
-.01033
.
-
(4)
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22
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1.4
1.0
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.998
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- .13&
1.042
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5.279
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others
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.251
.347
1.361
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-1.006
- .%2
- .915
- .653
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- .309
- .143
- .234
-1.986
9.616
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=Qk
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0
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I.00
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-.OW73
-.00095
.W338
-.00964
at midq
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-.00029
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-.w399
.WOO7
.OOOOZ
-.OOOSl
.ooo99
-.WSW
.ow27
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.176
-.OWlL
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-.OOm2
1.575
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1.651
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1.622
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m.00465
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1.022
1.474
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.231
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-2.675
12.536
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- 2.579
10.671
- .381
- .103
- .144
- 2.213
8.739
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- .656
-1.494
b.733
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.952
-970
-553
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-1.008
- .971
- .869
- .753
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-1.012
- .%3
- .884
- .722
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-1.016
- .951
- .918
- .662
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3.546
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- .194
-1.192
- .432
I+.617
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(2)
(1)
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1.090
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-269
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.ooo
.285
.318
1.244
300
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-274
1.418
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1.583
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1.677
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1.624
.wo
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f/+ = ZCKI
1-v
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cd. (411
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T*
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WI. (3) 1
101.
TX
MQ=
s*= - L [p,
Cylindrical
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.wo
.232
.344
1.470
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6.804
- .255
- .038
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1.333
-1.012
-1.062
- .896
- .238
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-1.092
- .wv
3.723
- 1.218
- 1.113
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.144
(2)
(I 1
-.358
-.597
-.705
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2.715
T*
TX
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- -960
- .937
- -613
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COI. (211
Forces in o Multiple
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- .074
- .420
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8.252
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0
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l.OOq,
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2=Qk
0
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T, =
Table 1 lnternol
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.WOOs
-.00277
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.wo79
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.w193
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-.00125
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- .01170
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- -222
- .324
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-2.787
14.699
- .202
- .364
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-2.906
12.469
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-2.703
10.176
- .440
- -016
- .290
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7.809
- -086
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- -815
5.291
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- .976
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- .787
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- .858
- .770
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-1,014
- .963
- .881
- .725
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-1.018
- .%A
- .936
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4.032
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- .w291
(4)
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= 300
(2)
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yt
lrLJ&m
(1)
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.455
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.ooo
.ow
.268
,389
1.035
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-295
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1.249
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1.481
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-.00223
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-.00277
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-.OW25
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-.00365
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.0001:
-.0007:
.w12c
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M*
(4)
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,697
1.670
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(3)
h=60
---
.,
1.204
-3.455
1.551
.751pk
.50+k
.25#k
(va?ley)
-1.441
-17300
-3.947
($:,
Constant
Constant
.083
I 1,800
44,400
2.693
10.111
.375
.595
6/300
15,200
T+
,..
2.759
0
I 340
2.57 I
1.415
Constant
-(L)Pd
300
2120
4290
5130
Farce
(l b./ft.)
(r) pd = 3560
+, = 26.4
P: 30 psf
Pd 50 psf
Force
(lb./f t.)
(L2/r)pd = 4390
Multiplier
.
oT
Tx
..
Force
L= 50 ft.
in.
r = 45 ft.
,,
Lolcularlon
t=4
Given :
lame z -
-,
-10,900
-10,160
-5590
::yf;,
vi
. .
= -3950
Wti
..
cylinarlcal
M+
Constant
-.00970
00324
.00321
.00 146
- I 550
520
510
- 230
~fp;:,;f+.:
1
-620
(rz)pd = 160,000
-,00385
,.,
snell
0.2
04 -
0.6
0.8
Lo
0.1
r/ L=2.6
Fig. I
x/L
0.3
0.2
Parobotic distribution
0.4
0.5
N
.*
L
-4
u-l
N
o
II
o
-
al
C3
(Q
*s/s
(y
c
\
%
0.2
0.4
0.6
O.E
I .C
*
;
.50
,75
0.2
Fig.4
r/t = 135
r/L= 0.6
+,= 27.5
Relative
0.4
distribution
s so.50+k
0.6
of shear
0.8
1.0
k%
-J
(0
.*
L
M+ (k - ft. /ft.)
-i
I .0
-0.5
Lo
0.5
.75
0.8
---M~
.50
~ by beam
y method
0.6
s
\
~
/
.
\
o.4~5
//
L@
<
r/t = 135
0.2
r/L= 0,9
+, =26.4
,
-6
Fig. 7
Transverse
.,.
-4
distribution
-2
TX (k /ft.)
shell example
EB020.01 D