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etz tp ykHawmif ykHnmu

1990 ckESpfrsm;tv,favmufup+yD; e0w-etz ppftkyfpk[m ‘jrefrmtp ykHawmif ykHnmu’


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r_dif;wkdufwmukdawmh qef@usifzGifhcsoifhw,f ,lqrdwJhtwGuf 'DudpPukd tck &Sif;vif;vkduf&ygw,f?
tm;vkH;od=uwJhtwkdif; vlom;awG[m y¶kdif;rdwf ac: arsmufrsKd;EG,f}uD;xJu wa&G@a&G@qifhuJ
wkd;wufjzpfay:vmwJh tukdif;tcufwckjzpfygw,f? y±kdif;rdwfrsKd;pOf}uD;[m Ekd@wkdufowW0g rsKd;aygif;}uD;xJrSm
tqifhtjrifhqkH;jzpfay:wkd;wufvmwJh rsKd;pOfwckjzpf+yD; vGefcJhwJhESpf (65)oef;wkef;u 'kdifEkdaqmowW0g}uD;awG
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tifo±kdyGKdufawG&J@ a&S;tusqkH;±kyºf uGif;[m ykHawmifykHnmur[kwfbJ w±kwfjynfawmifykdif;rSmawGcJhwJh
tD,kdqD;rD;,m; qkdwJh owW0gjzpfygw,f? tJ'g[m vGefcJhwJhESpf (45)oef;wkef;u ay:cJhwmjzpfvkd@ vGefcJhwJhESpf
oef;(40)uay:cJhwJh ykHawmify±kdif;rdwf (tifzDyD;oD;uyf) awGxuf ykda&S;usw,fvkd@ ynm&Siftm;vkH;
todtrSwfjyK xm;ygw,f? tD,kdqDrD;,m; ±kyfºuGif;awGukd 1994 ckrS pawG@cJh+yD; 2000 ckESpfrSmawmh a&S;tusqkH;
tifo±kdyGKduf tjzpf twnfjyKEkdifcJhygw,f?
vljzpfzkd@a0;pG/ arsmufb0awmif aumif;aumif;ra&mufao;wJh vGefcJhwJhESpfoef; (40)u owW0g±kyfºuGif;
awG@±kHeJ@ ‘vlom;tp’wkd@/ ‘jrefrmtp’ wkd@xatmfwmuawmh ykHrSefr[kwfwJh pdwftajctaeukd xifxif&Sm;&Sm;
}uD; jyaeygw,f? ykHawmify±kdif;rdwfxufapmwJh vGefcJhwJhESpf(45)oef;u yxrqkH; tifo±kdyGdKuf±kyfºuGif;awG@xm;wJh
w±kwfjynfuawmif ‘vlom;tp/ 0wkdqDu’ vkd@xratmfcJhygbl;?
'Da&S;OD; tifo±kdyGdKuf rsKd;pOfcGJuaerS vGefcJhwJhESpf(25)oef;avmufrSm urBmopfarsmuf (awmiftar&du
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oef;(20)avmufrSm urBma[mif;arsmuf(tm&S-tmz&duarsmuf) rsKd;&if;us,feJ@ [kdrifEGdKuf (vla,mif)
rsKd;&if;us,ftjzpf vkdif;uGJjzpfxGef;oGm;w,f?
urBma[mif;arsmuf rsKd;&if;us,fvkdif;uawmh 'Duae@tm&S-tmz&durSmawG@ae&wJh arsmuftrsKd;rsKd;
jzpfvm+yD; [kdrifEGdKuf rsKd;&if;us,fuawmh vGefcJhwJhESpf (18)oef;eJ@ (16)oef;0ef;usifavmufrSm arsmuf0Hvkdif;
puGJxGufoGm;w,f? 'Darsmuf0Hvkdif;uae 'Duae@acwf arsmufv$Jausmf/ atmf&eftlwef/ csifyefZDeJ@ a*:&Dvm
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arsmuf0Hr[kwfawmhwJh vl0H =op=xvkdyD;oD;uyf rsKd;pdwfawG zGHòzd;vmwmjzpfw,f? 'DowW0g±kyfºuGif;awGukd
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vuf,Ofvlom;rsKd;pdwf[m vGefcJhwJhESpfwoef;&Spfodef;avmufrSm [kdrkdtD&ufwyf ac: rwf&yfvlom;
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emrnfausmf yDuif;vl/ *sm;Am;vlawG[m [kdrkdtD&ufwyfawGyJjzpfygw,f? ckaemufykdif;topfawG@wJh taxmuf
txm;t& vuf,Ofvlom;tqifhrSmwif rsKd;rokOf;rD aemufqkH;umv vGefcJhwJhESpfwoef;cGJrSmawmh vuf,Of
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tmz&duuxGufvmwJh [kdrkdtD&ufwyfawG[m Armjynfukdvnf; a&mufvmvkd@
acsmif;OD;EG,facGa'orSm vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif; woef;okH;odef;u ±kyfºuGif;awGawG@&+yD; vGefcJhwJhESpf av;odef;rSmqkd&if
Armjynftv,fykdif;rSm ‘tnmom;"avh’ qkdwJh ausmufacwfa[mif;"avhwckukd jzpfapcJhygw,f?
'Drwf&yfvlom;awG[m [kdrkdaqyD,H ac: tqifhjrifh ^m%f&Sdvlom; rsKd;pdwftjzpf aemufwqifh
zGHòzd;wkd;wufoGm;wJhtwGuf vGefcJhwJhESpfav;odef; avmufrSm a&S;OD;^m%f&v Sd lom; rsKd;pdwf pay:xGef;vmygw,f?
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armf'ef^m%f&Sdvlom;[m rdef;rwa,mufjzpfvkd@ ‘vlom;tp tmz&du {0u’ jzpfygw,f?
Armjynfvnf;r[kwf/ tm&Swkdufvnf;r[kwfyg? 'D [dkrdkaqysif ac: tckacwf^m%f&Sdvlom;awG[m vGefcJhwJh ESpf
50000 ausmfavmufurS tmz&duwdkufuae tm&S/ Oa&mywdk@udk xGufvmwmjzpfw,fvdk@ aemuf
qHk;taxmuftxm;t& cdkifcdkifrmrm odxm;ygw,f?
rwf&yfvlom;rsKd;pdwfrwkdifcif ay:cJhwJh vuf,Ofvlom;rsKd;pdwfeJ@ vl0H (0g) =op=xvkdyD;oD;uyf
rsKd;pdwfrsm; [m ArmjynfrSm wcgrSraecJhzl;ygbl;? ppftpkd;&u t}uD;tus,ftr$rf;wif 0g'jzef@aewJh
ykHawmify±kdif;rdwfqkdwm wu,fawmh arsmuf-arsmuf0H-vl ruGaJ o;wJhtqifhrSmyJ &SdaewJhtwGuf
vlom;{uefrkcsjzpfr,fvkd@ b,fvkdrS ajymr&Ekdifygbl;? vlom;aocsmaygufjzpfr,fh =op=xvkdyD;oD;uyf
rsKd;pdwfawGeJ@ vuf,Ofvlom;rsKd;pdwf[m tmz&durSmom ay:aygufxGef;um;cJhwJh taxmuftxm;awG
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ArmjynfrSm&SdwJh vlrsKd;tm;vkH;[mvnf; jyifyu0ifvmwJh rGef*kdvGdKufrsKd;EG,fjzpfwmukd 'Dtefatenf;/
±kyfoGifynmenf;awGeJ@ ckdifckdifvHkvHkoufaojyvkd@&ygw,f? ArmjynfrSm wcsdefu&SdcJhwJh rwf&yfvlom;
‘tnmom;’ awG/ ausmufacwfvlom;awGuawmh jrefrm/ rGef/ &ckdif &mZ0ifusrf;awGrSm ‘bDvl;’ awGtjzpf
ykHazmfcH&wJh eD*&pfwkdvlrsKd;awG jzpfoGm;+yD;/ aemufrS0ifvmwJh/ tykdtod^m%ftqifhjrifhwJh ysL/ rGef/ jrefrm/ &ckdif
pwJhrGef*kdvGdKufrsKd;EG,fawGu vlrsKd;wkH;okwfoif armif;xkwfypfvkdufvkd@ 'Duae@ uy`vDu|ef;/ abmfeD,kdu|ef;wkd@ukd
a&mufoGm;&&Smw,f? tckxdvnf; vl±kdif;b0rSmom &SdaeqJjzpfygw,f?
ykHawmify±kdif;rdwfawG[m [kdrkdaqyD,H ^m%f&Sdvlom;jzpfroGm;wm aocsmoavmuf&Sdawmh jzpfcsif;
jzpf&if tm&Sarsmuf0H okd@r[kwf tm&SarsmufrsKd;yJ jzpfay:oGm;Ekdifygw,f? arsmuf0HeJ@arsmuf t"du uGmjcm;csuf
uawmh tod^m%fenf;enf; ykd&SdwmeJ@ t+rD;r&SdwmbJjzpfw,f? tm&SrSmawG@&wJh arsmuf0HrsKd;pdwfawGuawmh
arsmufv$JausmfeJ@ atmf&eftlwefwkd@jzpf+yD; ykHawmify±kdif;rdwfawG[m wwd,ajrmuf tm&Sarsmuf0HrsKd;pdwf
tjzpfukd wa&G@a&G@ ajymif;vJzGHòzd;cJhw,fvkd@ ,lq&ygw,f?
vufwifbmomeJ@ ody`Ha0g[m& owfrSwfcsuft& yGef*kdc±l;'yf Pongo crudus vkd@ac:wJh 'Dtpdrf;a&mif
arsmuf0HrsKd;pdwf[m 'Duae@ArmjynfrSm [kdrkdaqyD,H ^m%f&Sdvlom;rsKd;pdwftay: pkd;rkd;tkyfcsKyfaewJh y±kdif;rdwf
EG,f0ifrsKd;pdwfwck jzpfvmygw,f? 1970 ckESpfrsm;rSm a[mvD;0k'fu ±kduful;xkwfvkyfcJh+yD; 2000 ckESpfavmufrSm
jyefvnfqef;opf±kduful;xm;wJh ‘arsmuf0Hwkd@&J@ò*d[furBm’ Planet of the Apes ±kyf&Sifum;xJrSm
arsmuf0HawGu rEk\vlom;awGtay: }uD;pkd;AkdvfusaeykHukd Zmwfvrf;qif ±kdufjyxm;ygw,f? tJ'D
pdwful;,OfZmwfvrf;[m 'Dae@ArmjynfrSm vufawG@jzpfaeygw,f?
t[dwfwd&p>mefyDyD tifrwef±kdif;pkdif;=urf;ñuwf+yD; pOf;pm;qifjcif^m%fuif;rJhvSwJh (arsmufawGxuf
awmh tod^m%fykd&SdwJh) arsmuf0Hpdrf;}uD;rsKd;[m vuf±kH;tm;ukd;eJ@ vlom;pifppfawGtay: &uf&ufpufpuf
zdESdyfn‡Of;yef; tkyfcsKyfae=uygw,f? 'ga=umifhvnf; 'DyJ,if;vlowfyGJrsKd; usL;vGefzkd@ 0efrav;wmjzpfw,f?
ykHawmify±kdif;rdwfu qif;oufvmwJhppftkyfpkrSm pdwf"mwfp±kdufykdif;t&omru ±kyfvuQ%m cE<mukd,fykdif;t&yg
arsmuf0HvuQ%mawG xifxif&Sm;&Sm; awG@jrifae&ygw,f? ±kyf&SifxJuvkd ò*d[fwckvkH;rSm arsmuf0HawG ysHESH@aexkdif
}uD;pkD;+yD; vlom;awGu awm}udKjcHK=um; ae&wmrsKd;awmh r[kwfao;bJ òrd@jyaus;&GmawGrSm aexkdif=uwJh
rEk\vlom;awGtay: ykHawmify±kdif;rdwfu qif;oufvmwJh Pongo crudus arsmuf0Hpdrf;awG rif;vkyftkyfcsKyf
aewJhtwGuf ‘arsmuf0Hrif;tpkd;&’ Regime of the Apes vkd@uifyGef;wyf&ygvdrfhr,f?

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