Tinh Toan Nuoc

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Phone: 090 656 1078
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Khai ging lp thng xuyn.
MIN PH : HC TH - GII THIU VIC LM , NI THC TP
a. Cc Phng php tnh ton thu lc
mng li cp nc
Nhng nm trc y, vic tnh ton mng li cp nc thng p dng phng
php Lobachep- Cross, Anriasp, ra i t nhng nm 1930. Ngoi ra, vo
nhng nm 1960 cn c phng php ca N.N Abramop.
T nhng nm 1985 tr li y, nh s tin b ca cng ngh thng tin nn cc
phng php truyn thng c pht trin thnh cc cc chng trnh tnh ton,
kim tra v m phng ch thu lc trong mng li cp nc. Hin ti Vit nam
c mt s chng trnh tnh ton thu lc nh s tr gip ca MTT. V tnh
ton thu lc mng li, hin c 3 phng php v u c cc chng trnh p
dng bao gm :
+ Phng php Hardy-Cross.
+ Phng php Niuton Raphson.
+ Phng php tuyn tnh.
Vic tnh ton thu lc mng li cp nc c xut pht t cc iu kin cho
trc v phi tho mn cc iu kin rng buc gm :
a. Ti liu c trc
+ Mt bng quy hoch mng, s tuyn , v tr ngun cp, v tr trm bm.
+ Cao a hnh, nhu cu p lc ti thiu trong mng.
+ Cc im dng nc tp trung v ch v c im tiu th nc ca cc
h tp trung v th..
+ ng knh, chiu di, vt liu v h s nhm (ng vi cng thc v
phng php tnh) ca cc loi ng c mt trong mng.
+ S lng v loi my bm , ng c tnh ca cc my bm.
+ p lc ti thiu ti cc im trong mng, cc gi khc nhau trong ngy.
Vn ht sc quan trng sau khi thu thp s liu l thit k s mng.
y l nhim v trng tm c tnh quyt nh n hiu qu khai thc v vn hnh
sau ny. Trong h thng m mi vn v i tng dng nc v nhu cu tiu th
lun bin ng. Mt khc quy m h thng cng thng xuyn c ci to, m
rng, qun l vn hnh p ng nhu cu cung cp cng v th m thng xuyn
thay i. V vy vic chn v tr ngun, v tr nh my nc, chn vng cp nc,
hnh thc qun l, hnh thc phn phi, v tr tuyn chnh .v. v. l nhim v hng
u.
b. Nhim v tnh ton.
+ Xc nh lu lng tiu th cc gi trong ngy v cc ngy trong nm.
+ Chn vt liu, xc nh ng knh cc on ng.
+ Xc nh lu lng v p lc ca cc ngun cung cp nc.
+ Xc nh lu lng tiu th ti cc nt, cc vng v bin php kim sot
lu lng tiu th.
+ Xc nh p lc ti cc nt trong ngy.
Phone: 090 656 1078
Trong thc t do c nhiu yu t bin ng nn m hnh tnh ton trong thit k ban
u thng ch l d kin. Vn quan trng l phi nh ra c bin php iu
hnh ch lm vic ca mng sau ny sao cho ph hp vi cc thng s vn
hnh thc.
c. Cc iu kin rng buc.
+ V k thut: Lu lng ti cc nt tho mn nh lut Kicsp I; p lc
trong mi vng tho mn nh lut Kicsp II; m bo p lc ti thiu trong mng.
+V kinh t phi l phng n kh thi c hiu qu kinh t trong khai thc,
qun l vn hnh, gim ti mc ng k lng nc tht thot do c hc hoc do
qun l. Thi gian hon vn nhanh, ph hp vi giai on XD
II. Cc h phng trnh p dng tnh ton thu lc mng li
C 3 h phng trnh p dng cho bi ton trn c tm tt nh sau:
1. H phng trnh m n s l lu lng trong cc ng.
Xt h c n ng, j nt, l vng v tng s nt v ngun cp khng c nh l e,
ta c :
+ j phng trnh tuyn tnh v cn bng lu lng nt EQ
nt
= 0.
+ l+e-1 phng trnh phi tuyn snh EH
vng
= 0.
V c n phng trnh cha n n l cc lu lng trn cc on l:
n = j+l+e -1.
Sau khi tm c n lu lng trn cc on, s tm c p lc ti cc nt.
2. H phng trnh m n s l p lc ti cc nt.
Xt h c n ng, j nt, l vng v tng s nt v ngun cp khng c nh l e,
ta c s lng n s l p lc ti nt l j + e . Ngha l s phng trnh p lc nt t
hn s phng trnh lu lng trong cc on.
tm (j + e) p lc ti nt ta cn (j+e-1) phng trnh tuyn tnh EQ
nt
= 0.
Phng trnh th (j+e) v lu lng khng cn thit bi n l h qu ca (j+e-1)
phng trnh trn. Cc phng trnh lu lng EQ
nt
= 0 u l tuyn tnh bi l
cc phng trnh bc nht.
Cc phng trnh quan h gia lu lng v tn tht p lc c th vo
phng trnh cn bng lu lng gm (j+e-1) phng trnh dng phi tuyn tnh:
0
1
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
E
ij
n
ij
j i
K
H H

Sau khi gii h phng trnh trn, xc nh c tn tht trn tng on. Nu
bit p lc ti mt nt no th lu lng trn cc on v p lc ti tt c cc nt
cn li s bit.
3. H phng trnh m n s l lu lng iu chnh trong cc vng.
H phng trnh lu lng iu chnh (H phng trnh AQ) c n s l lu
lng iu chnh ti cc vng. Nu mng c (l+e-1)vng th h phng trnh AQ s
Phone: 090 656 1078
c (l+e-1) phng trnh. Cc phng trnh ny u l cc phng trnh phi tuyn
tnh: 0 ) ( = A + E

Q Q K
Sau khi tm c (l+e-1) lu lng iu chnh s tm c lu lng tnh ton
trn cc on v tnh c p lc ti cc nt.

III. php ton ng dng gii cc bi ton thu lc
C 3 phng php ton ng dng gii cc bi ton thu lc trn l:
+Phng php Hanrdy Cross (c p dng t nhng nm 1930). Phng
php ny c dng gii h (l+e-1) phng trnh phi tuyn cha n s l lu
lng iu chnh trong vng v h (j+e-1) phng trnh phi tuyn cha n s l p
lc nt.
Phng php ny c tc hi t chm v s dng trong vic m phng ch
vn hnh trong mng.
+ Phng php Niuton-Raphon. Phng php ny c dng gii h (l+e-
1) phng trnh phi tuyn cha n s l lu lng iu chnh trong vng v h (j+e-
1) phng trnh phi tuyn cha n s l p lc nt. Phng php ny c tc hi t
nhanh nn c dng cho cc mng ln v thch hp vi vic phn tch cc tnh
hung bt thng trong mng. Ngoi ra h n phng trnh cha n s l lu lng
cng c th gii bng phng php ny.
+ Phng php tuyn tnh. Phng php ny thch hp hn cho vic gii
phng trnh cha n s l lu lng cng. Thc t phng php ny l mt dng
ca phng php Niuton-Raphon. Nhc im ca phng php ny l yu cu my
tnh c b nh cao nn ch thch hp cho cc mng quy m nh
IV. m phng mng li cp nc
M phng mng li l m phng s vn ng ca cc i lng trong mng.
Xut pht t mng li hin c hoc thit k mi, vi cc d liu c hoc c
cp nht nh cc s liu cung cp , tiu th trong ngy, cui cng l da trn cc
phng php din ton m t s vn ng ca cc i lng trong mng cc
iu kin khc nhau vi chnh xc c th chp nhn c.
C th, trong mng li cp nc, m phng gip cho cc nh thit k v
qun l vn hnh mng thy c s bin i v lu lng, p lc, cht lng nc
(Nng Clo, Fluor) trong mng li cng nh hot ng ca cc trm bm, cc
van iu khin trong cc iu kin bnh thng khn cp hoc s c. Nh kt qu
m phng gip ta chn cc phng n thit k, phng n vn hnh thch hp v c
hiu qu nht cho tng giai on xy dng mi hoc ci to h thng. ng thi
trong qun l,vn hnh mng, t cc thng s lu lng v p lc thc o ti cc
khu vc, cc im, qua vic m phng s gip tm ra khu vc c lng tht thot
nc ln cn c khc phc.
Chng trnh EPANET do Hng Bo v mi trng thuc M khi tho nm
1993 l mt v d v vic m phng mng li. EPANET hin ang c mt s
cng ty t vn v cng ty Cp nc s dng.
Chng trnh EPANET m phng mng li bao gm :
Phone: 090 656 1078
+ M phng trng thi vn ng lin tc ca cc i lng trong mng trong
qung thi gian no , thng l mt ngy.
+ Ch vn ng ca cc trm bm, b cha, i nc.
+ Hot ng ca cc van iu khin v cho thy hiu qu ca n.
+ Trng thi vn ng trong mng li khi b xung v ct gim ng ng.
4.1. Cc phng trnh tnh ton s dng trong EPANET
Trong EPANET, h thng bao gm ng cp nc, bm v cc van. Mng li
gm cc nt tiu th (Demand node), nt cp nc vo (source node), v tr ngun
cp, b hoc i nc gi l nt cha (Storage nude).
n v tnh ton ca cc i lng c th l n v Anh hoc h SI. S dng
n v no, phn [OPTIONS] trong np s liu phi khai bo. V d khi s dng h
SI ( L-m; D-mm; H-m; Q- l/s; cao - m; Cng sut Kw; Nng -mmg/l; Din
tch- m
2
; Th tch -m
3
; Lu tc- m/s .v. v.). Phn [OPTIONS] trong np s liu phi
khai bo: Units SI
4.1.1. Cng thc tnh ton tn tht p lc.
Tn tht dc ng trong ng xc nh theo cng thc dng m:

b
l
q a h . =
Trong : a- h s khng.
b- s m ca lu lng.
Cc h s a v b tnh theo mt trong cc cng thc sau:
Bng 1- Cng thc tnh tn tht dc ng
Cng thc H s khng (a) s m ca lu
lng(b).
Hazen- Williams
L D C . . . 72 , 4
87 , 4 852 , 1

1,852
Darcy- Weicbach
L D q D f . ) , , ( . 0252 , 0
5
c
2
Chezy- Manning
L D n . . . 66 , 4
33 , 5 2

2
Trong :
C- H s nhm Hazen- Williams.
c- H s nhm ca Darcy- Weicbach.
f- Hm s bin l c, D, q.
n- H s nhm ca Manning.
D- ng knh ng- mm.
L- Chiu di ng- m.
H s nhm C theo Hazen- Williams nh sau:
( ) | | 1 log
0 10
+ + = T K M F C o
Vi: F- H s Hazen- Williams i vi ng mi c K= K
0
.
Phone: 090 656 1078
M- H s ph thuc c ng.
K
0
- nhm tng ng ca ng mi.
o- T s tng nhm hng nm.
T- s nm lm vic ca ng.
H s nhm trong cc cng thc tnh ton (bng1)ca mt s loi ng cp
nc mi tham kho bng2 sau:

Bng2 H s nhm ca ng cp nc mi
ng C- H s nhm
Hazen- Williams.
c- H s nhm
ca Darcy-
Weicbach- (mm)
n- H s nhm
ca Manning.
ng gang 130-140 0,85 0.012- 0.015
ng BTCT 120-140 1-10 0.012- 0.017
Thp trng
km
120 0.5 0.015- 0,017
Plastic 140-150 0.005 0.011- 0,015
Thp 140-150 0.15 0.015- 0,017
ng thu tinh 110 0,013- 0,015
Lu : Tn tht tnh theo cng thc no phi khai bo phn [OPTIONS]
v h s nhm cng phi ly tng ng.
Khi la chn nhm tnh, cn tham kho cc kt qu nghin cu
trong iu kin Vit Nam.
H s nhm ca ng ph thuc vt liu, ng knh, cht lng nc v
thi hn s dng ng. Ngha l C lun thay i theo thi gian. V vy nu cc i
lng khc a vo tnh ton l ng th kt qu m phng cng ch ng trong mt
khong thi gian vn hnh no thi.
Nm 1971-1972 Hng METCALF EDDY t chc nghin cu ti hin
trng cho mng li cp nc Thnh ph H Ch Minh, vi ngun l Nh my
nc Th c v nc ging cng ho vo mng. Kt qu nghin cu nh sau:
Bng 3. Kt qu nghin cu h s Hazen- Williams
ti H thng CN-Tp HCM
D(mm) H s C H s K
150 ( ) 1 lg 37 140 + = K C
200 ( ) 1 lg 36 141 + = K C
250 ( ) 1 lg 35 141 + = K C
300-350 ( ) 1 lg 34 142 + = K C
T K K o + =
0

T K 41 , 0 15 , 0 + =
Phone: 090 656 1078
400-450 ( ) 1 lg 33 142 + = K C
500 ( ) 1 lg 33 143 + = K C

4.1.2. ng c tnh ca my bm.
ng c tnh ca my bm c xc nh bi cc cp thng s q-H ly
t ng c tnh ca my c t trong trm. T cc cp thng s , vic lp
ng c tnh trong chng trnh tnh da theo cng thc quen thuc:

b
q a H H .
0
=
Trong : H
0
- m- p lc bm khi lu lng bng khng.
H-(m ); q(l/s) l cp thng s p lc v lu lng xc nh t
ng c tnh ca my bm t trong trm.
Sau khi np mt hoc mt vi cp {H-(m ); q(l/s)}, c th c hoc khng
c H
0
, chng trnh s t ng tm ra a v b v lp c ng c tnh ca my
bm.
ng c tnh ca my bm trong EPANET l cc ng ring ca tng
my(Khng phi ng c tnh tng hp ca cc my cng tc trong trm) V vy
im cng tc ca tng my cc gi khc nhau c khai bo trong bng tng kt
kt qu m phng.
Nn lu rng, ng c tnh trong chng trnh l ng c tnh ca
bm ng vi s vng quay n khng i. Khi n thay i, ng nhin ng c tnh
trn s thay i theo.
p lc bm cn c th xc nh theo cng thc:

q
Hp
H
81 , 8
=
Trong Hp l cng sut (Horse Power- Sc Nga).
4.1.3 Van kha.
Trong mng li cp nc c cc loi van:
1- Van iu chnh p lc (Pressure Reducing Valves) PRV
s
.
2- Van duy tr p lc (Pressure Staining Valves) PSV
s
.
3- Van dp p lc (Pressure Breaker Valves) PBV
s
.
4- Van iu khin dng chy (Flow Control Valves) FCV
s
.
5- Van iu tit( Throttle Control Valves) TCV
s
.
Mi van c t trn mt ng. S liu v van c np trong phn s liu
ng[PIPES]. Khng c t van trn ng vo v ra ngun, b hoc i nc.
Tn tht cc b ti van ph thuc loi van, hnh thc cu to v trng thi
chy, tnh theo cng thc sau:

4
2
. 0252 , 0
D
q K
h
c
=
Phone: 090 656 1078
Trong : q- lu lng (l/s); D- ng knh -mm; K -h s tn tht cc b
(Minor Loss Coefficient) xc nh theo bng4 sau:
Bng 4- H s tn tht cc b
Thit b K -h s tn tht cc b
Van cu m hon ton 10.0
Van gc m hon ton 5.0
Van ca m hon ton 0.2
Van mt chiu kiu u a m
hon ton
2.5
Ct cong bn knh nh 0.9
Ct cong bn knh trung bnh 0.8
Ct cong bn knh ln 0.6
Ct 45
0
0,4
T tiu chun- tuyn thng 0.6
T tiu chun- tuyn nhnh 1.8
Ca ra ca ng 1.0
4.1.4.Nt v nt ngun.
Nt l im t i, b, my bm v l cc im trn tuyn hoc l giao
ca cc tuyn trn mng.
Trong s tnh c cc nt cu to mng, phn phi nc tiu th
hoc cung cp nc vo, tch tuyn ni ng. Ngoi ra cn c cc nt gi nh
tch cc phn t trong tnh ton.
Trong EPANET lu lng np ti nt ch c mt loi (vo hoc ra theo
mt ch no ). Ti nt nhp khng c qu 2 loi Demand vi cc ch
khc nhau.
Mc nc ti b p lc hoc i dao ng theo nhu cu tiu th, kh nng
cung cp ca bm. Ton b cc i tng chnh ny u c quan h v khi
lng(hoc lu lng)v p lc( ct o p ).
S thay i cao trnh mt nc trong cc b xc nh theo cng thc sau:
t
A
q
y A = A
Trong : Ay- thay i cao trnh mt nc trong b- m.
q- Lu lng vo, ra b -l/s.
A- Din tch mt ct ngang b- m
2
.
At- s gia thi gian -s.
4.1.5. M hnh thi gian.(Time Pattens)
Bc thi gian(Pattern TimeStep). Trong EPANET Bc thi gian c th l 1
hoc 2 gi. Khong thi gian xt( Duration) thng l 24 gi.

Phone: 090 656 1078
B. S dng EPANET
b.1 nhp s liu vo chng trnh
C:\ EPANET\EPANET4W.EXE\File\ input data\Template. Inp (Mu thay)
EDIT\ Input Data
I.Tn d n.
[TITLE] He thong cap nuoc thanh pho A (Tn d n)
;---------------------------------------------------------------
; Job Description ( Hng mc cng trnh)
;----------------------------------------------------------------
; Mang luoi cap nuoc giai doan I

II . Nhp ti liu nt.[JUNCTIONS]
[JUNCTIONS]
;--------------------------------------------------------------
; Elevation Demand Demand
; ID (m) (l/s) Pattern
; --------------------------------------------------------------
ID- tn nt.
Elevation - Ct tuyt i (hoc ct tng i) ti cc nt-m.
Demand - nhu cu lu lng ti nt: Lu lng vo(-); Lu lng ly ra(+).
Demand Pattern. M hnh lu lng nt theo thi gian. M hnh ny c
din t trong mc m hnh [Pattens] .
Dng chy trong mng thc t l dng khng n nh. EPANET cng nh
cc chng trnh tnh ton khc u coi dng chy trong tng bc thi gian l dng
n nh.
M hnh thi gian(Time Pattens)v lu lng. L m hnh m t din bin
lu lng cung cp v tiu th trong mng. Nhu cu tiu th nc trong th c
loi n nh (Lu lng tp trung) v c loi khng n nh(Lu lng phn b quy
v nt) .
Phng php I . Nhp nhu cu tiu th ti nt l lu lng (l/s)
a.1 Mng c mt vng cp ncvi 1 ch tiu th .
i vi lu lng ra ti nt thuc loi tiu th khng n nh(Lu lng
phn b quy v nt), trong EPANET cng chp nhn theo gi thit cho rng ch
tiu th nc gi ti tng nt cng l ch tiu th nc gi trong ton mng .
Cng thc tnh ton(q
TT
) ti nt l:
q
TT
= K
i
.q
Vi:
Phone: 090 656 1078
+ K l t l gia h s khng iu ho gi ca tng gi i vi h s khng
iu ho gi ca gi trung bnh. C th gii thch cch khc l: Nu gi tng lu
lng tiu th trong ngy v trong gi ca ton mng l Q
ng
v Q
h
, thi gian tiu
th l 24 gi th lu lng g trung bnh l Q
h.TB
=Q
ng
/24 v h s K
i
ca gi th i l
:Q
h.i
/ Q
h.TB
. Tng cc h s K trong ngy khng nht thit bng 24. Trong ngy c
th khng c gi no K=1. Khi nhp gi tr K

ca tng gi vo mc s liu
[Pattens] cn lu ct [ID] u cc dng u mang ch s 1(khi ct
[Pattens] trong mc [JUNCTIONS] trng).
+ q- lu lng ra ti cc nt ng vi gi c K
i
no . Trng hp trong ngy
c gi no m gp K
i
=1 th nn nhp lu lng tiu th ti cc nt ng vi gi c
K
i
=1. Gi tr q c nhp vi gi tr dng vo ct[DAMAND] ca mc s liu nt
[JUNCTIONS] trong ct [Pattens] trng( ngm nh [ID] l 1trong mc s
liu [Pattens] .
a.2. Mng c nhiu vng cp nc.
Ch dng nc phi lp ring cho tng vng. Vic nhp s liu cc nt
cho tng vng tng t nh trn. Tuy nhin cn lu l:Trong mc s liu nt
[JUNCTIONS], gi tr q (l/s)c nhp vi gi tr dng vo ct[DAMAND], ring
ct [Pattens] nh s 2; 3; 4 .v.v (y l ng dn vo ct [ID] trong mc s
liu [Pattens] . Ngha l cc dng u trong ct [ID] trong mc s liu
[Pattens] phi din gii ch tiu th kiu 1;2;3;4.v.v .

a.3. Nt tiu th vi ch ring.
Ngi ta gi nt c lu lng tp trung l nt tiu th vi ch ring(c th
n nh hoc khng n nh cc gi trong ngy). Cc nt thng l cc nh cao
tng, khch sn, nh my, XNCN.v.v. l cc h dng nc theo ch ring,
khc vi ch dng nc ca a s cc h trong khu vc th.
Cc im tiu th ny phi l nt c lp, c tn ring. Vic np Demand cho
nt ny tng t nh phn trn.
Ph-ng php II . Nhp nhu cu tiu th ti nt l 1
Nhp nhu cu tiu th ti nt l 1 (ngha l h s
TB
K =1). Tng t nh trn,
mc s liu nt [JUNCTIONS] ti ct[DAMAND] ghi s 1 v ct
[Pattens] ghi s 2;3;4.v.v.
Mc s liu[Pattens] ti ct [ID] u cc dng din gii ch dng nc
phi ghi a ch trn nh 2;3;4.v.v. Cc biu ch tch mt dng.
Ch dng nc nhp vo mc[Pattens] cc gi chnh l lu lng
tiu th tnh ton (q
TT
-l/s).
V d v phng php nhp s liu nt nh sau:
[JUNCTIONS]
;--------------------------------------------------------------
; Elevation Demand Demand
Phone: 090 656 1078
; ID (m) (l/s) Pattern
; --------------------------------------------------------------
102 15.5 - 60 2
103 23.2 -65
10 18.7 14.5
11 14.9 0
13 17 13
Trong :- Nt 102 l: Bm vo theo m hnh 2- Xem [Pattern]
-Nt 103 l : Bm vo theo m hnh 1- Xem [Pattern].
- Nt 10,11,13 l : Tiu th theo m hnh 1- Xem [Pattern].

III . Nhp ti liu b p lc, i hoc ngun n-c
[Tank] .
[TANK]
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Elevation Initail Min. Max. Diameter
; ID (m) Level Level Level (m)
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
300 45 12 10 14.5 25
9 38.5
(Trong 300-S liu cho i nc; 9- S liu cho ngun nc)
Trong : Initail Level- Cao mt nc so vi mt t ti gi u( lc 0 gi)-m
Elevation -m : Ct mt t ti i, Ct y b p lc hoc ct mt
nc ti b ngun.
Min., Max. Level Cao mt nc cao v thp nht so vi mt t
trong b hoc i .
Diameter- ng knh b hoc i( Nu b hoc i hnh tr mt bng
khng phi trn th phi quy v mt bng trn tnh ng knh.
Ngun cung cp c th l Bm, b p lc v i.
B p lc hoc i coi l nt cung cp, c tuyn ng ni vi im no
trong mng. Ti nt i hoc b khng nhp lu lng vo, ra. Lu lng ny c
chng trnh t xc nh da theo lu lng tiu th trong mng, lu lng cung cp
ca my bm v rng buc bi cc quan h v lu lng v p lc trong mng.
Khi phm li v vic chn: My bm, ng knh ng cng nh cao t
b, su nc trong b, dung tch iu ho trong b chng trnh khng chy c
v bo li.
IV. Nhp ti liu ng.
[PIPE]
Phone: 090 656 1078
;---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Head Tail Longth Diameer Rough. Remark
; ID Node Node (m) (mm) Coeff.
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 10 11 650 400 110 ; New DCI
2 11 12 800 300 80 ; Old CI
3 300 26 300 300 140 ; New PVC
Trong bng trn:
- ID- Tn on; - Head Node- Nt u; Tail Node- Nt cui; Longth -
Chiu di ;- Diameer - ng knh; - Rough. Coeff.- H s nhm ( H s nhm ly
theo loi ng v theo h s ca cng thc tnh ton tn tht); Remark- Ghi ch loi
ng (Du(;) u dng no th s liu dng khng tham gia vo chng trnh
tnh, cng nh hin th kt qu.
Ghi ch: s liu v ng np vo ly t kt qu tnh ton s b. Trong qu
trnh iu chnh c th thay i.
V . Nhp ti liu bm
[PUMP]
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
; ID Head Tail H
0
H
1
Q
1
H
2
Q
2

; Node Node (m) (m) (l/s) (m) (l/s)
; -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
104 9 10 65 63 68 47 75
Trong 104- Tn my bm; 9- Nt t bm; 10- Nt bm n; 65- p lc
bm khi Q=0; 63; 47- Cc tr s p lc H ng vi cc lu lng Q = 63; 75 l/s.
Ghi ch: - S liu trn np ring cho tng bm v ly t ng c tnh ca
mybm c chn.
- 9-10 Chnh l tuyn bm cn phi np s liu trong mc lp bn .
- Vic nhp s liu bm nh trn l da vo ng c tnh ca bm chn.
- Ngoi ra ch bm hoc cp vo mng c th nhp vo bng cch nhu cu
(Demand) ti nt a nc vo l (-) v mc Demand Pattern ghi loi muv s
c din gii trong mc[Pattens] . V d nh bm s 102 phn trn. Ngha l
ch bm c th np vo di dng biu ch bm hoc np lu lng v h
s t l bm cc gi.
- Lu : Nhp s liu bm theo mu:
ID T n P(kw) Ho H1 Q1 H2 Q2 Q3
a 1 2 d
b 1 2 e f
c 1 2 h k l m n
Phone: 090 656 1078
d 1 3 h k l m n p
Trong H0 l p lc khi Q=0; Q3 l lu lng khi H=0
V . Nhp ti liu iu khin[Control]
[CONTROLS]
;------------------------------------------------------------------
; Pump 14 is on when Tank 300 Level < 11.0 m
; Pump 14 is off when Tank 300 Level >13.5 m
; Pump 15 is on when Node 10 Level < 35 m
; Pump 15 is off when Node 10 Level > 35 m
;-------------------------------------------------------------------
Link 14 open if Node 300 Below 11.0 m
Link 14 Closed if Node 300 Above 13.5 m
Link 15 open if Node 10 Below 35
Link 15 Closed if Node 10 Above 35
Ghi ch: Mc ny nh ch vn hnh bm . V d trn:
- Bm 104 chy khi mc nc trong i 300 thp hn 11m .(Tuyn 14 ni
nt 9 vi nt 10 ca my bm 104 m khi mc nc trong i 300 thp hn 11m ).
- Bm 104 ngt khi mc nc trong i 300 cao hn 13,5m .(Tuyn 14 ni
nt 9 vi nt 10 ca my bm 104 ng khi mc nc trong i 300 cao hn
13,5m ).
- Lu Thay v nt 300 l i trong v d trn, c th l mt nt bt k no
trong mng( v d nt 10) v mc iu khin bm chnh l p lc d ti i
hoc ti nt bt k.
VI . Nhp ti liu cc m hnh [Patterns].
[Pattens]
; Demand Pattern
1 1.1 .96 .8 v .v.
1 .8 .65 .v.v.
. . v . v.
; Pump flow Pattern
2 .8 .8 .8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 .8
2 .8 .8 .8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 .8
2 .8 .8 .8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 .8

; Fluoride Source Pattern
3 .9 .85 .78 1.03 .99 .95 .94 .95
3 .85 .v. v
Phone: 090 656 1078
3 1.05 0.95 .v.v

Ch : - Demand Pattern l ch tiu th ti cc nt v cho ch bm
vo nt 103 ( v d ny)
- Pump flow Pattern Np ch lu lng theo cch 2 (cho ch
bm 102 v d ny). Lu l Np ch bm theo cch 2 cha quan tm n p
lc v ng c tnh ca my bm c chn. V vy cn nghin cu iu kin p
dng s dng cho thch hp.
- Foride Source Pattern - M hnh din bin nng FLUOR
VII . Nhp ti liu Cht lng nc [quality].
[quality]
;-------------------------------------------------------
---
; First Last Fluoride
; Node Node (mg/l)
;----------------------------------------------------------
9 24 1.0
Ghi ch: - First Node; Last Node- Nt u n nt cui cng. (V d t nt
9-24)
1.0- Nng Flour ti gi u.
VIII . Nhp ti liu Cht l-ng n-c ti im
ngun[sources]
[SOURCES]
;---------------------------------------------------
; Fluoride Source
; ID (mg/l) Pattern
;---------------------------------------------------
9 1.0 3
Ghi ch: Ch din bin nng Fluor xem mc 3 ca mc[Pattens]
IX . Nhp ti liu H s tc phn ng
[REACTIONS]
;-----------------------------------------------------------
Global Bulk -.5 ; Bulk Decay Coeff.
Global Wall -1 ; Wall Decay Coeff.

x. Nhp mu thi gian[times]
[TIMES]
Phone: 090 656 1078
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Duration 24 ; 24 Hour Simulation Period
Pattern Timestep 1 ; 1 Hour Pattern Time Period
Ghi ch:- Trong bng trn, thi gian m phng l 24 gi.
- M hnh c bc thi gian 1 gi. (C th chn bc thi gian l 2
gi.v.v.)
xI. Nhp cc la chn[options]
[OPTIONS]
;--------------------------------------------------------
; Network Propeties Simulation options
;--------------------------------------------------------
units si
headloss h-w
Quality Flouride
Map Vidu. Map

[END]
Ghi ch: Chng trnh m phng EPANET trn la chn nh sau:
+ n v tnh theo h SI; Cng thc tnh tn tht theo Hazen- William; Cht
nghin cu l tiu chun Flo; Bn d n theo File Vidu. Map
+ Du hiu [END] coi kt thc phn np s liu.
Ghi ch chung
+Phn nhp s liu trn phn vit bng ting Vit l gii thch cch dng
hoc trnh t np s liu. Khi lp khng c ni dung bng ting Vit nh trn. Cc
mc cch nhau bng hnh thc cch dng.
+ Tt c cc s liu c du (;) u dng u khng xut hin trong chng
trnh tnh( Tr cc dng v cc hng trong ni dung tng mc phi c du trn.
+ Tn MAP trong Options phi trng vi tn trong FILE Map. Khi chy s t
ng xut bn ra. Nu khng trng khi chy phi ly Map t File Map ra.
+ S liu phn Cht lng Fluor hoc Clo, phi theo TCVN. Trng hp
khng x dng th khun mc ny nguyn, khng xo v ng nhin l khng
c g.
Cc tin ch (xem trong HELP- F1)
+ F4- Mi ln m INPUT DATA ra hoc np s liu bt k xong phi Save
v Quit bng cch n F4, hi c Save khng(Y/N) - tr li Y; c thot khng (Y/N) -
tr li Y .
F9- xo mt dng
F10 dch ln mt dng
Phone: 090 656 1078
F1- Help
Cc phm Home; End; Page Up; Page Down dch chuyn ln xung u
dng u, cui trang.. .
Cc phm mi tn di chuyn u nhc

b.2. nhp s liu bn
FILE bn gc ly bng cch cp mt NET.MAP no c trong chng
trnh, sau thay tn File mi v np s liu mi. Vo File Map theo a ch Open
Input File\List files of type:All File[
*
.
*
], v mun nhp hoc thay i s liu vo tip
EDIT\Input Data.
S liu lp bn gm 2 phn:
+ Phn ta bn [COORDINATES]
Lp to bn sau khi m hnh ho mt bng d n (Tuyn; nt; v tr
nt i, nt b cha, bm..v.v.) Ni dung ny c c bng cch nhp to X, Y
ca cc im
Khi lp, tu chn gc to 0,0 v khng nht thit phi t l vi kch thc
chiu di np trong phn s liu. Tuy nhin mi s liu trong phn s liu phi
khp vi s liu phn lp bn .
+ Phn to cc ghi ch [LABELS] nh tn d n, cng sut, thi hn, tn
ngun, i, b, trm bm( Tm li l phn ch trn bn , tr tn on, tn nt,
chiu dng chy trong tng gi..v.v c chng trnh mc nh sn).
To ca cc ghi ch ny phi tng i ng trn bn m hnh ho
v lu vit bng ting Anh hoc ch khng du. Ngai ra cn xc nh to sao
cho cc ch khng ln nhau.
Mu FILE bn nh sau:
[COORDINATES]
; Node X- Coord Y- Coord
;-------------------------------------------------------
9 -50 100
10 0 0
11 100 -35
12 150 100

[LABELS]
; X- Coord Y- Coord Label
;-------------------------------------------------------------------
500 500 "DU AN CAP NUOC"
100 300 " Pump 102"
Phone: 090 656 1078
- 300 -350 "Tank 9"
[END]
Ghi ch: + Phn Label khi in s c, khi m bn v ch xut hin ln m u.
+ Cc s liu nh tn nt, tn on , ch Text c th ng hoc m
trong Map trn Menu.

B.3. Chy chng trnh m phng
Chng trnh chy trong Windowed . Nu c li my s bo li v phi vo
Input Data trong EDIT sa sau thot ra. chy, li vo Input Data trong
FILE ly chng trnh ra chy m phng.
Cc chc nng ca Menu Bar nh sau:
FILE
Open Input.. . M tp tin.
Open Output.. .
Open Map M bn
Save Output ct
Prin.. . In
Prin Setup
EXt Thot ra
EDIT ( Nhp s liu)
Copy to Clipboard
Input Data Nhp hoc iu chnh s liu trong qu trnh M phng.
RUN (chy)
Windowed M phng( chy chng trnh) trong mi trng Window
Minizied
Cancel
REPORT (Bo co kt qu din bin ca cc i lng)
Input Data S liu np
Output Summary
Current Time Bo co kt qu bng bng thng k ca cc nt v cc on
ti gi chn no :
- Node Nt
- Link on ng
Time Series Bo co kt qu bng bng thng k ti cc gi trong ngy ca
nt hoc on chn:
Phone: 090 656 1078
Search
Restore
GRAPH (Biu minh ho din bin ca cc i lng theo thi gian)
Current Node Biu ti nt chn k t gi no n ht ngy.
Current Link Biu ca on ng chn k t gi no n ht ngy.
Pump Currve ng c tnh ca my bm chn.
Options .. .
MAP (Bn )
Zoom In
Zoom Out
Redraw
Display Legend Hin bng ghi ch k hiu mu cc thng s vn hnh trn
bn ca:
- Nodes
- Links
(Nu khng mun hin th ct i bng cch nhn vo nt hoc ng)
Modifly Legend (thay i mu hoc thng s hin th trong bng ghi ch)
Contour Map Hin th mu nn bn
Options.. . Cc la chn
Sau khi chy, kt qu m phng c nhn tng quan trong mc ny. Ngi
vn hnh c th la chn cc tin ch bit din bin cc i lng trong mng ti
cc gi, t iu chnh cho ph hp.
Node Links
Display
- IDs Hin th tn nt trn
bn .
- Values Hin th cc
thng s m phng ti
nt cc gi.
- S dng Text.

Display
- IDs Hin th tn tuyn trn
bn .
- Values Hin th cc thng s
m phng trong ng cc
gi.
- Arrows- Hin th mi tn ch
chiu nc chy.
- Symbols- Chn cc biu
tng bm, i nc vo v tr
c n.
Side
- Small C nh
- Large C to

Style
- Thin- Nt mnh
- Large- Nt m

Phone: 090 656 1078
- ;
Highlighting
- Pont - im
- Area Din tch
B.4. Xut bn kt qu.
in, vo Prin.. . trong FILE. Chn my in. Cng vic gm :
+ Chn kh giy.
+ Chn mu( Nu c) .
+ Chn hnh thc giy ng hoc ngang.
+ Vic in s tin hnh cho cc trang hin hnh.

C. m phng s vn hnh mng trong thc t bng EPANET vi
phn mm thu thp d liu pmac
Trong thc t, kim sot v iu chnh ch vn hnh mng hng ngy,
ngi ta s dng EPANET. Vn cn li khng km phn quan trong l chnh
xc ca cc thng s thc t c np vo. V vy, kt qu m phng t
chnh xc cao, st vi thc t, ngi ta cn s dng tch hp thm phn mm a
dng khc. B phn mm ny bao gm hai phn:
- Thu thp d liu.
- X l cc c s d liu thu thp c.
Hin ti c phn mm thu thp d liu c tn thng mi: METROLOG
NA (Metwork Analysis Data Logger) l mt khi hp en nng khong 600 grams
cha cc sensor cm bin v lu lng v p lc, mt b ngun cung cp nng
lng trong 5 nm, b nh lu mt chu k d liu trong t 71- 143 ngy. Ton
b c c trong hp kn cch nc nn c th t ti im bt k trn h thng
o. Hp en ny do Technolog Limited ca Anh (U.K)sn xut thng 6/1997. D
liu do Logger thu thp truyn v my tnh trung tm bng 3 cch:
- Tho hp en ra khi im o, mang v trung tm trc tip vo my
ch.
- S dng mt my vi tnh cm tay nh (nng khong 100g) gi l PSION
ORGANISER c b nh t 32Kb n 256Kb trung chuyn d liu v my tnh
trung tm.
-S dng in thoi cng cng truyn v thng qua modem.
Phn mm s l cc c s d liu do cc Data Logger truyn v l mt
chng trnh phn mm c tn l PMAC Plus Version 2.11 do Technolog Limited
ca Anh sn xut v pht hnh vo thng 3/1997. B phn mm ny c ci t t
5 a mm 1,4 Mb. Tuy nhin, chng trnh chy c mt cch hon ho th
phi gn thm thit b gii m gi lad DONGLE n tip vo cng my in ca my
tnh c cha chng trnh. PMAC l tn vit tt ca cm t( pressure Monitoring
And Control system) cho ta quan st mt cch tc thi mi din bin v p lc v
lu lng ti nt bt k, ng thi n cng c kh nng hin th chui cc s liu
Phone: 090 656 1078
qu kh, gip cho cc nh qun l iu hnh nm tng quan din bin ca cc i
lng t c hng iu chnh ch vn hnh mng trong cc tnh hung bt
k. iu quan trng l phn mm PMAC lin kt c vi phn mm m phng
EPANET(c s h tr ca bng tnh in t EXCEL), thng qua vic so snh d liu
thc ca PMAC v d liu m phng ca EPANET s lm cho s phn tch mng
li trong trng thi ng cng st thc hn. Ngha l da vo kt qu do PMAC
cung cp, da vo kin thc thu lc, ta c th s dng EPANET nh mt cng c
m phng nhm tm mt ch vn hnh ti u cho h thng.
Cc hnh di y m t din bin lu lng v p lc do PMAC ghi nhn ti
mt im o(hnh1- ng trn l lu lng, ng di l p lc). in hnh ca
vic m phng khng ng( hnh 2- nt lin l ca EPANET, nt t l ca PMAC)
v kt qu ca vic m phng tng i st vi thc t(hnh 3).
Nh vy, phn mm trn s gip cho iu chnh cc thng s vn hnh trong
h thng thc t. Ni mt cch khc cng tc thit k ch dng vic tm ra mt
phng n u t xy dng. Mun kim sot hoc ch ng tm ra phng n vn
hnh, cn phi c s gip ca tin hc vi cc phn mm ng dng c hiu qu
nh EPANET v PMAC.

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