GVHD: T QUC DNG

DANH SCH THNH VIN NHM :

I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII.

NH NGHA A THNG K A BIN T VN CC GI THUYT TON COVARIANCE V VARIOGRAM A BIN COKRIGING CC BC V KT QU NGHIN CU V D MINH HA

a thng k l p dng l thuyt hm ngu nhin nh gi cc hin tng thin nhin. CoKriging l mt bin th a bin ca Kriging. CoKriging c th c xem nh l mt ni suy im, CoKriging tnh ton, d on cho bin ly mu chnh xc thp vi s gip ca mt bin ly mu chnh xc tt hn. Cc bin cn c nh gi tng quan.

Bin ly mu vi chnh xc thp nhng tng quan cao vi bin th hai l bin c chnh xc cao hn, ngi ta c th s dng s tng quan ny ci thin tnh ton

u im ca a thng k a bin: So vi phng php Kriging truyn thng th phng php Cokriging cho ra kt qu chnh xc hn v s dng s tng quan ca nhiu b s liu ( Z1, Z2,,Zn) so vi Kriging truyn thng ch s dng mt b s liu.

Bng cc im quan st ( cc mu, cc cng trnh tm kim, thm d) phn b ri rc, khng u n trong khng gian ca i tng nghin cu (cc thn qung, th a cht) ngoi vic m t, c lng trn c s mt bin no y cn c th da trn c s nhiu bin khc nhau. =>Vn ny c th xem nh l bc ngoc quan trng trong nghin cu a thng k trn th gii.

Cc bi ton a thng k ni chung, a thng k a bin ni ring thng c da trn c s 2 gi thit: Hm nghin cu l n nh bc hai : xut hin ng thi cc covariance [C(h)] v cc variogram [(h)] Hm nghin cu l n nh thc th (thng gp nhiu hn): cha chc c cc [C(h)] tng ng vi (h), ngha l cc C(h) th hin khng r rng.

S tng quan ca cc cp hai thng s hai im nghin cu x v x = x + h th hin bi covariance:

Cij (h) = E{[Zi (x) mi][Zi (x) mj]}

Covariance cc s gia ca cc im nghin cu trong khng gian i tng nghin cu c xc inh nh hm variagram:

(h) = E{(Z(x) Z(x))2}

Tng quan cokriging th hin lch ca im cha ly mu vi cc thng s ly mu.

 Phng trnh Cokriging ny ging vi Kriging nhng c thm mt bin s na. Phng trnh Cokriging ny cho ra nhiu d bo v nhng mi quan h gia cc bin s. Phng trnh Cokringing c kh nng o c v m hnh ha mi covariance ca mi loi v cross covariance ca mi loi s liu vi nhng s liu khc. Cokriging l s la chn chuyn su nht khi n i hi variogram ca bin th 2 cng nh l cross covariance. Vic gii nhng thut ton hay ma trn trong Cokriging rt phc tp v chm v n phi gii quyt nhng covariance thm vo t nhng bin th 1 v bin th 2 cng nh l cross covariance. Cokriging c s dng thng xuyn khi bin th 1 cha c

B1: Phn tch cc ti liu gc, cnh quan mi trng, nh gi mc ng tin cy ca ti liu Lp ngn hng d liu M hnh ha i tng nghin cu bng cc mt ct a cht, cc bn , s ng gi tr, s khi

B2: Xc nh, phn tch nh lng cc thng s nghin cu bng phng php thng k truyn thng
Lp cc ton Kim nghim cc hm phn b

Xc nh gi tr trung bnh, phng sai, h s bin

thin. Phn tch tng quan cp, hi quy

B3: Phn tch nh lng cu trc i tng nghin cu Xc nh cc Ci(h), Cj(h), Cij(h) hay i(h), j(h), ij(h) thc nghim. M hnh ha cc hm thc nghim c xc nh. Khai thc cc hm ny; ch yu l m t mc , c tnh ca s bin i, tnh ng hng, d hng ca cc thng s nghin cu. B4: Hiu chnh s liu.

B5: Xc nh s lng, nh gi cht lng cc thng s nghin cu bng Cokringing. Chn ln cn khi tnh T chc khi tnh c lng

B6: Kim tra, nh gi kt qu nhn c bng cc ton , phng sai Cokriging v kt lun theo yu cu bi ton.

Ta c bng s liu sau:

b.Cuv Cd: = 0.166099 < 0.85 =>Hstngquanchatt =>chathtlmbin Z1v Z2trong GS+ c.Cuv Co: = 0.234927< 0.85 =>Hstngquanchatt =>chathtlmbin Z1v Z2trong GS+ d.Cuv Cr: = 0.379027 < 0.85 =>Hstngquanchatt =>chathtlmbin Z1v Z2trong GS+ e.Cuv Ni: = 0.2662< 0.85 =>Hstngquanchatt =>chathtlmbin Z1v Z2trong GS+ f.Cuv Zn: = 0.627819 < 0.85 =>Hstngquanchattlm =>chathtlmbin Z1v Z2trong GS+ Do chng ta schntrnghp a lm 2 bin Z1v Z2trong GS+:

Xc nh ta X, Y v t bin Z(Cu) : trc ht kim tra bng s liu, vo Data Summary Statistics

Chy variogram cho Z, Z2, v Z+Z2

2 = 0.853 > 0.85, regression coefficient =1,401 Cu vPbthhinstngquantt. so snhktquvi Excel, ta thyktqucngtngt.

u khng dng bin, biu s tnh cho c khu c ngoi, nh vy s c nhng ni khng chnh xc

Cu v Cd:

2 = 0.83< 0.85, Regression coefficient = 1.821 =>tngquankhtt

2 = 0.823< 0.85, regression coefficient = 1.792 =>tngquankhtt

2 = 0.09 0.85, Regression coefficient =0.255 =>tngquankhngtt

2 = 0.799 < 0.85, Regression coefficient =1.604 =>tngquankhtt

2 = 0.034 0.85, Regression coefficient =-0.086 =>tngquankhngtt

Ti liu i hc M a Cht. Slide bi ging mn hc a thng k. Pedometrics.org

CHN THNH CM N S CH LNG NGHE CA QU THY C V CC BN