23 INITIALS

stop nasal fricative lateral (unaspirated) (aspirated) 1, bilabial (with lips) 2, apicco!dental (with ton"ue!tip # upper teeth) b p f

3, velar (with ton"ue!rear # soft palate) " %, retrofle& (with ton"ue!tip # hard palate)

'h

ch

sh

r (vocal cords vibrate)

lower teeth)

'

(, blade!palatal (with ton"ue!front # hard palate) )

&

+, se i!vowel , w (pronounced as vowel i,u, but act as a initial -start the s,llables be"innin" with i,u ,u)