p.

t=nghu3

sh4ngm.

initials
CTL 2956 HYK

b d g j zh z y

p t k q ch c w

m f n l h x sh r s

23 initials

pronounced as

bo po mo fo
1
bilabial (with lips)

pronounced as

de te ne le
2
apicco-dental (with tongue-tip& upper teeth)

pronounced as

ge ke he
3
velar (with tongue-rear & soft palate)

pronounced as

ji qi xi
4
blade-palatal ((with tonguefront & hard palate)

zh ch sh r
pronounced as

zhi chi shi ri

5
retroflex (with tonguetip & hard palate)

z c s
pronounced as

zi ci si
5
dental (with upper & lower teeth)

y w
pronounced as

yi wu
7

semi-vowel (pronounced as vowel i,u, but act as an initial to start the syllables beginning with i,u & 5)