Functions Of Proteins

Help to repair and build up new cells Form the membrane proteins and the carrier proteins of the plasma membrane

Act as an energy storage

Form enzymes that catalyse chemical reactions Form haemoglobin to transport oxygen Form hormones which control growth and metabolism Antibodies protective proteins(part of immune response) Provide structure and shape- collagen(fibrous protein), keratin(tough & insoluble protein)

monomer

Amino Acids
2X

Protein
2 types Essential Amino Acids

Elements

Dipeptide
Equation Amino Acids + Amino Acids
(Condensatio) (Hydrolysis)

Non-essential Amino Acids

Primary Structure
Linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Amino acids that cannot be synthesised by the body. Can only be obtained from a healthy diet.

Amino acids that can be synthesised by the body.

Secondary Structure
Polypeptide chain that is coiled to form alpha-helix or folded into beta-pleated.

Dipeptide + Water

Tertiary Structure

Animal protein
Long chain First class proteins
(contain all the essential amino acids)

Plant protein
Second class proteins
(do not contain all the

The helix chains or betapleated sheets are folded into a 3D shape of polypeptide chain. Hormones, enzymes, plasma protein, antibodies

Polypeptide Chain
Equation Polypeptide + Water

essential amino acids)

Quartery Structure
Two or more tertiary structure polypeptide chains are arranged to form a large and complex protein molecule.

(hydrolysis)
Dipeptides or Amino Acids 2 classes

Proteins Structure

Amino Acids In The Body

Obtained from DIET Synthesized by the body