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1

78 THI TON VO CC TRNG I HC, CAO NG

(H PHNG TRNH, H BT PHNG TRNH)
Phi l:
Vic gii mt bi ton c phn loi bn phn l thuyt va hc em n cho hc sinh nhiu
thun li. Hc sinh bit c phi dng ni dung l thuyt no, cch gii ra sao.
Gii mt thi c sp xp theo kiu ao kim v tnh , hc sinh khng c c thun li y.
Hc sinh phi phn tch, tm ti ni dung l thuyt ph hp, c th phi dng nhiu phn l thuyt
tng hp li, g ri, tm hng i.
im khng thun li y li l im mnh ca vic luyn gii thi, hc sinh c rn luyn t
duy, s quen cch x l cc tnh hung bt thng khi phi thi tht s.
Ti liu ny ch tht s c ch cho cc hc sinh trng chm ch nghe thy c ging bi, nm
chc ni dung c bn ca mn ton ni chung, phn h phng trnh, bt phng trnh ni ring.
Ni dung ti liu :
I/ thi vo cc trng i hc, cao ng nm hc 2001-2002
(cc trng t ra ).
II/ thi chnh thc vo i hc, cao ng t nm hc 2002-2003 n nm hc 2007-2008
( chung ca B).
III/ thi d b vo i hc, cao ng t nm hc 2002-2003 n nm hc 2007-2008
( chung ca B).
IV/ p s.
V/ Phng php gii.
Cc k hiu c dng trong ti liu:
(ANND) = thi i hc An ninh nhn dn nm hc 2001-2002 .
(A.08) = thi chnh thc khi A nm hc 2007-2008.
(A1.07) = thi d b s 1, khi A nm hc 2006-2007.

I/ THI NM HC 2001-2002
9
x( x + 2)(2 x + y ) =
1. (ANND) 2
6
x + 4x + y =
x + y =1 2 xy
2. (NN) 2
2
1
x + y =
2 A y + 5Cxy =
90
3. (BK) xy
y
80
5 Ax 2Cx =
x 2 + 3 + | y |=a
4. (CT) Tm a h c ng 1 nghim
2
2
y + 5 + | x=| x + 5 + 3 a
log 3 ( x + 1) log 3 ( x 1) > log 3 4
5. (CT) Tm m h c 2 nghim
2
5
log 2 ( x 2 x + 5) m log ( x2 2 x +5) 2 =
1
2
2 x = y + y
6. (HVCTQG)
2 y 2= x + 1

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(a 1) x5 + y 5 =
1
7. (DHN) Tm a h c nghim vi mi b bx
4
a2
e + (a + 1)by =
1
x xy y =
8. (DN) 2
2
6
x y xy =
2
log x (6 x + 4 y ) =
9. (DN)
2
log y (6 y + 4 x) =
x + y < 2
10. (GTVT) Tm a h c nghim
2
x + y + 2 x( y 1) + a =
x 2 + xy + y 2 = 19( x y ) 2
11. (HH) 2
2
7( x y )
x xy + y =
x3 + y 3 =
8
12. (HVHCQG)
2
x + y + 2 xy =
x 2 + y 2 1 k ( x + y 1) =
1
13. (HD)
Gii khi k=0. Tm k h c nghim duy nht.
x + y = xy + 1
1
log ( x + y ) + log a ( x y ) =
14. (H) 2 2 2
, 0 < a 1 . Tm a h c nghim duy nht.
a
x y =

Gii h trong trng hp .

( x + 1) 2 =y + a
15. (L) Tm a h c nghim duy nht
2
( y + 1) =x + a
4
( x 4 + y )3 y x =
1
16. (M-DC)
4
x4 y
=
0
8( x + y ) 6
5 x 2 + 2 xy y 2 0

17. (HVNH) Tm m h c nghim 2

m
2
2 x + 2 xy + y
m 1

2
2
x 2 xy + 3 y =
9
18. (HVNH) 2
2
0
2 x 13 xy + 15 y =
x2 + y 2 =
1
19. (NNHN) 3
3
1
x + y =
x3 3x = y 3 3 y
20. (NT) 6
6
1
x + y =

( x y ) 2 y =
2
21. (NNIHN) 3
3
19
x y =
6
x y =
22. (NLTPHCM) 3
3
126
x y =
x + y =
2
23. (PCCC)
4
x + 3 + y + 3 =
4
x + y =
24. (HVQHQT) 2
2
3
3
280
( x + y )( x + y ) =

x + y x y =
2
25. (HVQY)
2
2
2
2
4
x + y + x y =
128 x 2 (4 x 2 1)(8 x 2 1) 2 + 1 2 x =0

26. (HVQY) 1
< x < 0
2
5 x 2 + 2 xy y 2 3

27. (QGHN) Tm m h c nghim 2

m
2
2 x + 2 xy + y 2
m 1

x + y =
3
28. (SPHN) Tm a h c nghim tha mn x 4,

x + 5 + y + 3 a
x3 + y 3 =
8
29. (SPHN)
2
x + y + 2 xy =
x + 1 + y 2 = m
30. (SPTPHCM)
Gii khi m=9. Tm m h c nghim.
y
1
x
2
m
+
+

4
x + y4 =
1
31. (TCKT) 6
6
1
x + y =
x3 + 1 =2 y
32. (TN) 3
y + 1 =2 x
a
x + y =
33. (TN) 2
Gii khi a=2. Tm GTNN F =xy + 2( x + y ) vi (x,y) l nghim
2
2
x + y =6 a
ca h.
1 + x 3 y 3 =
19 x 3
34. (TM)
2
6 x 2
y + xy =

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2 x + y =
x2
35. (TL)
2 y + x =32
y

x + 1 + 7 y =
4
36. (VHHN)
y + 1 + 7 x =4
0
sin x 7 cos y =
37. (DLVL)
0
5sin y cos x 6 =
x5 + y 5 =
1
38. (V) 9
9
4
4
x + y = x + y
2 x 3
log 0,5 (
)
2
x +1
(
x
2
x
3)

+
>1
39. (YTB) Tm a h c nghim
2
x (a + 1) x + a 0
| xy 10 |= 20 x 2
40. (CDSPHN)
2
xy= 5 + y

x + y + xy =
4
41. (CDSPTW1)
1
x 2 y + xy 2 =

x2 + y 2 4
42. (CDGTVT) Tm nghim nguyn dng 2
2
x + y 2x + 2 y
6
x y + y x =
43. (CDSPHY) 2
2
20
x y + y x =
1

cos x cos y = 2
44. (KTCN)
sin x sin y = 1

2
3
3
x y = m( x y )
45. (CDSPV)
Tm m h c 3 nghim phn bit, vi x1 , x2 , x3 lp thnh
x
+
y
=
1

CSC, trong c 2 s c tr tuyt i ln hn 1.

x 2 + xy + y 2 =
4
46. (CDYTND)
2
x + xy + y =
2x
2y
+
=
3

47. (DHM-HN) y
x
x y + xy =
3

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II/ THI CHNH THC T 2002-2008

5
2
3
2

x + y + x y + x. y + x. y =
4
48. (A.08)
5
x 4 + y 2 + xy (1 + 2 x) =

4
4
3
2 2
x + 2x y + x y =
2x + 9
49. (B.08) 2
x + 2 xy =6 x + 6
xy + x + y = x 2 2 y 2
50. (D.08)
x 2 y y x 1 = 2 x 2 y
1
x my =
c nghim (x,y) tha mn xy<0.
51. (CD.08) Tm m h
3
mx + y =
52. (D.07) Tm m h sau y c nghim:
1
1

5
x + x + y + y =

x 3 + 1 + y 3 + 1 = 15m 10

x3
y3

x + y xy =
3
53. (A.06)
4
x + 1 + y + 1 =
54. (D.06) CMR a > 0 h sau c nghim duy nht
a
y x =
x
y
e e = ln(1 + x) ln(1 + y )
x 1 + 2 y =
1
55. (B.05)
2
3
3
3log9 (9 x ) log3 y =
x2 + y 2 =
25

56. (A.04)
1
1
log 1 ( y x) log 4 y =
4
57. (D.04) Tm m h sau c nghim

x + y =
1

1 3m
x x + y y =

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1
1
x = y
x
y
58. (A.03)
3
2 =
y x +1

y2 + 2
=
3
y

x2

59. (B.03)
2
3 x = x + 2

y2
3 x y = x y
60. (B.02)
x+ y+2
x + y =
3x
2=
5 y2 4 y

61. (D.02) 4 x + 2 x +1
=y
x
2 +2

III/ THI D B T 2002-2008

x + x 2 2 x + 2= 3 y 1 + 1
62. (A1.07)
2
x 1
y + y 2 y + 2= 3 + 1
x 4 x3 y + x 2 y 2 =
1
63. (A2.07) 3
2
1
x y x + xy =
64. (B1.07) Chng minh h phng trnh sau c ng hai nghim tha mn x>0,y>0:
y
x
=

e
2007

y2 1

x
y
e 2007
=

x2 1

2 xy

x2 + y
=
x + 3 2
x 2x + 9

65. (B2.07)
2 xy
y +
y2 + x
=
2
3

y 2y + 9
66. (D2.07) Tm m h sau y c nghim duy nht.
0
2 x y m =

1
x + xy =

( x 2 + 1) + y ( y + x) =
4y
67. (A1.06) 2
y
( x + 1)( y + x 2) =
x3 8 x = y 3 + 2 y
68. (A2.06) 2
3 3( y 2 + 1)
x =
( x y )( x 2 + y 2 ) =
13
69. (B2.06)
2
2
25
( x + y )( x y ) =
x 2 xy + y 2 = 3( x y )
70. (D1.06) 2
2
3
x + xy + y = 7( x y )
x2 + y 2 + x + y =
4
71. (A1.05)
2
x( x + y + 1) + y ( y + 1) =
2 x + y + 1 x + y =
1
72. (A2.05)
4
3 x + 2 y =
7 2 x + x +1 7 2+ x +1 + 2005 x 2005
73. (D1.05) Tm m h c nghim 2
x (m + 2) x + 2m + 3 0
x2 + y = y 2 + x
74. (D1.04) x + y
x 1
x y
2 2 =
log xy = log x y
75. (A1.03) x y y
3
2 + 2 =
x 4 | y | +3 =0
76. (B1.02)
0
log 4 x log 2 y =
| x 1|3 3 x k < 0

77. (B2.02) Tm k h c nghim 1

1
2
3
log 2 x + log 2 ( x 1) 1
3
2
3
2
3
log ( x + 2 x 3 x 5 y ) =
78. (D2.02) x 3
2
3
log y ( y + 2 y 3 y 5 x) =

IV/ P S
x = 1 x = 3
1.
,
y =1 y = 9
x = 0 x = 1
2.
,
y =1 y = 0
x = 5
3.
y = 2
4. a = 3
25
5. < m < 6
4
x = 1
6.
y =1
7. a = 1

3 17
3 + 17
x =
x =

2
2
8.
,
y = 3 17 y = 3 + 17

2
2
x = 10
9.
y = 10
1
10. a
2
x
=
0

x = 3 x = 2
11.
,
,
y = 0 y = 2 y = 3
x = 0 x = 2
12.
,
y = 2 y = 0
x = 1 x = 1 x = 1
13.
,
,
.
y = 1 y = 1 y = 1
Khng c k.
14. 0 < a 1, 2
3
7
15.=
a =
,a
4
4

x = 4 15
16.
y = 12
m 0
17.
m >1

5
5

x = 2 x = 2 x = 3
18.
,
,
,
y = 1 y = 1 y = 2

2
2
x = 3

y = 2
x = 0 x = 1
19.
,
y =1 y = 0

x =
20.
y =

x = 6 2
,
y = 1
6

2
7

x= 3

x = 3
18
,
21.
y = 2 y = 1
3

18
=
x 1=
x 5
22.
,
5 y =
1
y =
x = 1
23.
y =1
=
x 1=
x 3
24.
,
=
y 3=
y 1

5
x =
25.
2
y = 6

4
6
6
8
26. {cos
, cos
, cos
, cos }
7
7
9
9
27. m>1
1
2
1
6
2

28. a 5
=
x 0=
x 2
29.
,
=
y 2=
y 0
x = 3
30.
,m 3
y = 3
x = 0 x = 1
31.
,
1 y =
0
y =

1 5
x=
x = 1
2
32.
,
1 + 5
y =1
y
=

2
x = 1
33.
, min F =F (1) =
4
y = 1 2 a 2
1
1

x = x =
34.
3
2 ,
y = 3 y = 2

x = 1
35.
y =1
x = 3
36.
y = 3
x=

37.
y=
=
x
38.
=
y

+ k 2

+ k 2

2
0=
x 1
,
1=
y 0
3
39. a >
2
x = 2 5 x = 2 5
40.
,
y = 5 y = 5
1

x = 2
41.
y = 1

2
=
x 1=
x 2=
x 2
42.
,
,
=
y 2=
y 1=
y 2

=
x 1=
x 4
43.
,
=
y 4=
y 1
1

x =4 2 arccos 4 + (2m + k ) 2
44.
1

1
y =
arccos + (2m k )

4 2
4
2
45. 1<m<3
=
x 0=
x 2
46.
,
=
y 2=
y 0
3

x = 3
2
1 x = x =
x =
47.
,
,
2 ,
3
1 y =
y=
2
y =

3
y
=
2

5
x = 3
4

48.
y = 3 25

16
x = 4

49.
17
y = 4
x = 5
50.
y = 2

x = 1

,
3
y = 2

m<
51.
3

m>3
7
m2
52. 4

m 22

x = 3
53.
y = 3
54. CM
x = 1 x = 2
55.
,
y =1 y = 2
x = 3
56.
y = 4

10

57. 0 m

x = 3
69.
,
y = 2
x = 0
70.
,
y = 0

1
4

58. x= y= 1, x= y=

1 5
2

59. x=y=1

x = 2 x = 2 x = 1
71.
,
,
,
y
=

2
=
y
2
y
=

x = 2

y =1
x = 2
72.
y = 1
73. m 2
x = 1 x = 1
,
74.
y = 1 y = 0

x = 2
60. x=y=1,
y = 1

2
x = 0 x = 2
61.
,
y =1 y = 4
62. x= y= 1
x = 1
63.
y = 1
64. CM
65. x= y= 1, x= y= 0
66. m>2
x = 1 x = 2
67.
,
y = 2 y = 5

x = 4
x = 3 x = 3
68.
,
,
y = 1 y = 1
y =

6
x = 4
13

y = 6

13

x = 2

y = 3
x = 2 x = 1
,

y = 1 y = 2

75.

6
13
6
13

76.
,

77.
78.

x = log 2 2

y = log 3
2

2
x = 1 x = 9
,

y =1 y = 3
k > 5
x = 4

y = 4

11

V/ PHNG PHP GII

1. Cc h phng trnh c bn:
1.1 H phng trnh bc nht.
1.2 H c mt phng trnh bc nht.
1.3 H i xng loi I.
1.4 H i xng loi II.
1.5 H ng cp.
2. Dng n ph.
3. a mt phng trnh v dng tch .
4. Dng hm s. hm s ng bin, hm s nghch bin.
5. Phng php nh gi
Give a man a fish, and he will eat for a day, but teach a man to fish,
and he will sit in a boat all day drinking beer.

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