Trn bn th: Tm hiu Hp ngun DC ca ngi th sa in-thoi-di-ng

Trong hp ngun DC, mch dng IC n p LM723 (14 chn). in p ra ly trn chn C ca transistor Q1. chnh bin tr POT s lm thay i mc p ng ra. Trn chn 13 gn mch bo v tt ngun mi khi ng ra b qu dng. Trn hp ngun c gn ng h o p (in p ng ra) v my o dng (cho bit cng dng in cp cho ti).

Hnh chp cho thy hp ngun ZAOXIN c tho ra, bn trong l cc thnh phn cu to (Bn xem hnh).

Bn trong hp ngun DC c mt bin p ngun, mt bng mch in trn dng IC n p LM723, transistor cng sut mc trn hp gii nhit. Hp ngun ch th vi 2 ng h, mt dng o p (V) v mt dng o dng (A).

S chn ca IC n p LM723 cho thy:

Chn 7 ni masse (V-) v chn 12 ni ngun (V+). Chn 6 l ng ra ca mc p chun (VREF). Chn 4 v 5 l hai ng vo ca tng khuch i so p, chn 4 l ng vo o v chn 5 l ng vo khng o. Chn 11 l ng ra ly trn chn C ca transistor. Chn 10 l ng ra ly tn chn E ca transistor. Chn 13 l ng ra ca tng so p v cng l chn B ca transistor, n c tc dng to hi tip cho tng so p, v cng c dng lm mch ngt p ca mch bo v trnh qu dng. Chn 2 v 3 l chn B v chn E ca transistor, dng lm mch bo v trnh hin tng qu dng.

Chn 9 (VZ) to chc nng n p cho chn E ca transistor ng ra. Chn 1 v 8 b trng.

S mch in ca hp ngun:

Nguyn l lm vic ca mch nh sau:

T1 l bin p ngun c tc dng cch ly v gim p AC, gim 220V xung mc 18V. Dng cu nn dng 4 diode D1...D4 (1N4007 x4) i dng in xoay chiu ra dng dng xung 1 chiu. Diode D5 (1N4007), to tc dng ngt dng np khi p trn t lc C1 cn mc cao, t ha C1 (1000uF) l kho cha in chnh dng n nh iu kin cp in cho ti v nng co mc p DC.

Mch cp ngun DC dng IC n p LM723. Chn 7 cho ni masse, chn 12 ni vo ng ngun B+ (+22V). Ng ra ly trn chn 11 dng cp dng cho transistor cng sut pnp Q1 (MJ2955). in tr R2 (330) c tc dng hn dng v in tr R1 (1K) c tc dng b nhit. Vi cch mc ca Q1, in p ra cho ly trn chn C ca transistor cng sut, kiu mch ngun ny cho mc p iu chnh c th khi u t mc p 0V.

in ra ly trn chn C ca Q1, y dng D6 (1N4007) trnh dng sai cc cho x ngc. Dng in tr R3 (510) lm ti ph nh p ng ra. T C2 (470uF) v C3 (220uF) c tc dng n p. Mc song song ng ra l my o p (V) v mc ni tip vi ng ra l my o dng (A).

Tn hiu cho hi tip v chn 4 ca mch khuch i so p ly trn cu o mc trn ti vi R4 (1K) v R5 (10K). Chn 6 l ng ra ca mch p chun v chn 5 l mt ng vo ca tng so p. y t chit p RV1 dng lm nt chnh chn la mc p cho ng ra.

Nguyn l lm vic ca mch bo v trnh qu dng:

Chng ta thy dng in cp cho ti, chy qua in tr R12 (0.47, nh Ohm nhng c cng sut chu nng ln), trn in tr R12 xut hin in p, mc p ny qua mch lc vi R11 (330) v t lc C7 (10uF) tc ng vo chn B ca Q3, C6 (104) l t lc nhiu.

* Bnh thng, dng ra mc bnh thng (khng qu 1A), mc p trn R12 khng qu 0.6V, lc ny Q3 khng dn in v Q2 cng ngng dn v mch ngun hot ng bnh thng.

* Khi mch ti b qu dng, dng ti cao hn 1A, lc ny mc p trn R12 ln cao hn 0.6V s lm cho Q3 dn in, n s ko mc p trn chn 13 xung mc gn 0V v nh vy ng ra s b mt p.

Transistor pnp Q2 c tc dng t gi, y Bn c th xem Q2 (pnp) v Q3 (npn) rp ng hiu nh SCR, n l mt kha in c tc dng t gi, ngha l khi dn in th s tip tc dn. D7 v C5 (100uF) c tc dng cch ly. Led D9 dng ch th tt m ngun, Led D8 dng bo mch b tt do chm ti. Do mch dng 2 Led mu i (Led xanh v ), nn bnh thng do 2 Led u sng nn c mu vng, khi ngun b chm s t mu Vng i ra mu Xanh (do ch c Led xanh sng, Led b lm tt). R8 (1K), R9 (10K), R10 (2.2K) l cc in tr hn dng cho cc Led ch th.

Hnh nh cho thy cc linh kin trn board mch:

Hnh 1: Hnh chp cho thy 2 transistor (pnp v npn) ghp ng hiu nh mt SCR, n c tc dng ngt ngun khi ti b chm hay b qu dng. Trong mch ny, ngi ta dng mt Relay ngt ngun v sau mt lc s t ng cho m ngun tr li (t ng m ngun). Hnh chp cng cho thy IC n p LM723.

Hnh 2: IC n p LM723, bn cnh l cc in tr nh c cng sut chu nng ln, dng cp cho ti s cho chy qua in tr ny, mc p trn in tr ny, khi vt qu 0.6V s lm nhy mch bo v. a s cc h hng ca loi hp ngun ny l con IC LM723 ny.

Hnh 3: Hnh ny cho thy ngi ta dng 1 diode chu dng ln mc cch ly t ha ln C1 (1000uF) v cu nn dng, tc dng ca diode l khi mc p trn t ha cn cao th n s ct np khi mc p dng xung mc thp hn, iu ny lm tng hiu sut ca hp ngun.

Hnh 4: Cho thy bin p AC ca hp ngun. y l bin p to tc dng cch ly ng dy AC v board mch v dng lm gim mc p t 220V xung 18V. Khi b chm hay qu ti, lp khung nha trn qun cc cun dy th cp v s cp s b bin dng, mo m. Bn o kim tra v thay h bin p mi l c.

Hnh 5: Hnh cho thy ngi ta dng mt my o dng (A) cho mc ni tip ch th mc dng chy qua ti. Mc dng ti a l 1A, nu dng ln hn 1A, n s to mc p ln khong 0.6V trn in tr R12 (0.47), mch tt ngun ng ra s nhy. Ghi nhn: Bn c th cho dng ngt ngun bng cch thay i tr s ca in tr R12.

Hnh 6: Hnh cho thy ngi ta dng mt my o p (V) cho mc song song vi ng ra ch th mc p trn ti. Mc p ti a l 15V Ghi nhn: Nu Bn mun c mc p cao hn, Bn c th thay bin p ngun, vi mc p AC trn cun th cp ly cao hn.

Hnh 7: Hnh chp cho thy 2 l cm dng cm dy ly in. L mu cho ra dy dng (+) v l mu en cho ra dy m (-).

Hnh 8: Cch u dy trn 2 my o. My o Volt nn chn loi c tr khng ln, my o dng nn chn loi c tr khng nh. Nh vy kt qu o s chun xc hn.

Hnh 9: Hnh chp cho thy t ha ln (1000uF), t ny l kho cha in chnh ca ton mch, Bn c th thay th t lc c in dung ln hn c tnh n p tt hn.

Hnh 10: Hnh chp cho thy cu nn dng vi 4 diode, Bn dng diode 1N4007 l .

Hnh 11: Hnh chp cho thy mch dng mt Relay vi tip im l kim ca n lm kha in tt m ng ngun DC ng ra. Kiu t ng cho m li dng sau mt thi gian tt ngun ny nhiu khi li bt cp hi. Nu khng mun dng tnh nng t ng cho m ngun, Bn lm h cun dy kch ca Relay.

Hnh 12: Hnh chp cho thy cc im hn trn bn mch in.

Hnh 13: Hnh chp cho thy cch o v kim tra IC LM723. Bn c th cm IC ny trn board a nng v o Ohm i chng n vi mt IC tt khc s bit chnh xc l IC trong mch c cn tt hay khng?

Mt sa i: Ti thay th bin p AC cho ph hp vi mc ngun Ac 120V M.

Qua M ti mang theo hp ngun DC quen dng ny, do M dng ngun AC 120V, do hp ngun khng cn ph hp na, ti i tm cc my cassette c m ngi ta b bn l ng v tho my tm cc bin p ngun ph hp v thay bin p vo, th l hp ngun ny li hot ng ng theo (Bn xem hnh).

Ghi nhn: M c rt nhiu my mc in t em b bn l ng, t cc my mc ny ti mang em v. Chng ta c th tm c nhiu linh kin in t ca chnh hng dng cho cng vic lp rp cc mch in thc dng, nu phi mua mi cng tn tin ng k. Nh li trc y c Bn tng hi ti, M i u tm linh kin sa cha cc my h, ti thy linh kin nm khp l ng. Do mnh qu quen phn tch cc my in t theo s mch in ca n, nn khi nhn my no l bit c ngay bn trong my ang c th linh kin g, nh vy cng vic bo tr cc my mc M cng khng qu kh khn.

Cc s tham kho:

Sau y l cc s mch in n p dng ic LM723, chng ti tm c v nh gi thy c gi tr tham kho v cho in ra y

Hnh v 1: Cho thy cch dng ic n p LM723 vi transistor cng sut cp dng cho ti. Ti mc trn chn E, vi cch mc ny mc p thp nhn thng l 1.2V (khng th bt u t mc 0V)

Hnh v 2:Ngun n p DC c kh nng cp dng ln (10A). Trong mch cc transistor cng sut phi cho lm ngui, trn chn E phi gn cc in tr nh Ohm cn bng dng qua cc transistor. Do ti ly trn chn E ca transistor cng sut nn mch khng th chnh v mc 0V.

Hnh v 3: Cho thy cch thm mch bo v trnh qu p ng ra. mch dng SCR vi diode zener c mc p kch dn l 15V. Khi in p trn ng ra cao hn 15V, diode zener 1N4744A s dn in, n cp dng cho cc cng cho SCR, khi SCR dn in, dng in ng ra s rt ln v lm t cu ch loi ngt nhanh (Fast Blow, loi cu ch ny, bn trong c l xo lm t nhanh) gi an ton cho mch.

Hnh v 4: Mch dng t linh kin, to ngun n p, cp dng 10A cho ti.

Hnh v 5: Mt dng ngun DC c chnh p, c kh nng cp dng rt ln 10A, khi dng cc transistor cng sut ln mc song song, trn chn E Bn nh dng cc in tr nh cn bng dng chy qua cc transistor ny v nh bt cc transistor trn cc l nhm gii nhit.

Hnh v 6: Mch ngun DC c kh nng cp dng cho ti ln. Trong mch dng cc transistor MOSFET loi cng sut nn c n ng tt. Mch c th cp dng 25A cho ti.

Hnh v 7: Mch ngun DC c kh nng cp dng cho ti ln. Trong mch dng cc transistor loi cng sut thng. Mch c kh nng cp dng ln cho ti.

Ngun l mt thit b khng th thiu trn bn th. Khi trn bn khng c ngun, chng ta khng th cho chy cc mch in kho st khc. Ngun DC lun l mt ti rt c bn.i vi dn in t. Do khi gp vn g v bo ngun trong cc thit b in t, Bn c th lin lc vi chng ti theo cc cch thc sau:

a ch lin lc: