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Chng 1
GII THIU CHUNG V CNG TRNH
1.1. GII THIU CNG TRNH:
1.1.1. Tn cng trnh:
TRUNG TM THNG MI PARKSON HNG VNG.
1.1.2. a im xy dng:
- Nng nm cc Bc Min Trung, cch Th H Ni 765 km v pha
Nam, cch Thnh ph H Ch Minh 964 km.
Cng trnh Trung Tm Thng Mi Parkson Hng Vng c xy dng
trn khu t thuc Thnh ph Nng. Khu t xy dng cng trnh nm trong d n
quy hoch v s dng ca thnh ph. Pha Bc khu t l ng Tng Duy Tn, pha
Ty l ng inh Cng Trng, hai mt cn li tip gip vi khu dn c.
- Din tch khu t: 9000 m2.
1.1.3. S cn thit phi u t.
1.1.3.1. Nhim v, chc nng xy dng cng trnh:
Khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng trong nhng nm gn y tr thnh
mt trong nhng khu vc c nn kinh t nng ng v pht trin vt bc vi mc
tng trng bnh qun hng nm t 68% chim mt t trng ng k trong nn kinh
t th gii. iu ny th hin r nt qua vic iu chnh chnh sch v kinh t cng
nh chnh tr ca cc nc Phng Ty nhm tng cng s c mt ca mnh trong
khu vc Chu v cuc u tranh ginh ly th phn trong th trng nng ng
ny ang din ra mt cch gay gt.
Trong nhng nm gn y, cng vi s pht trin vt bt ca cc nc trong
khu vc, nn kinh t Vit Nam cng c nhng chuyn bin rt ng k. i i vi
chnh sch i mi, chnh sch m ca th vic ti thit v xy dng c s h tng l
rt cn thit. Mt khc vi xu th pht trin ca thi i th vic thay th cc cng trnh
thp tng bng cc cng trnh cao tng l vic lm rt cn thit gii quyt vn t
ai cng nh thay i cnh quan th cho ph hp vi tm vc ca mt thnh ph
ln.
Nm Bc Trung B, Nng l mnh t a linh nhn kit, c truyn thng
vn ho lu i, phong ph v a dng. Nng c din tch t nhin 11.106 km 2, dn
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s trn 3,6 triu ngi, sinh sng v lm vic ti 27 huyn, th x v thnh ph. Qu
t thnh ph ngy mt thu hp trong khi nhu cu v t dnh cho kinh doanh
ngy mt tng.
V vy vic xy dng mt to cao c va kt hp gia thng mi v cho cc
c quan thu l rt cn thit v hp l gii quyt cc vn trn. Chnh v nhng l
do trn m cng trnh Trung Tm Thng Mi Parkson Hng Vng c cp php
xy dng.
Nng nm cc Bc Min Trung, cch Th H Ni 765 km v pha
Nam, cch Thnh ph H Ch Minh 964 km.
Cng trnh Trung Tm Thng Mi Parkson Hng Vng c xy dng
trn khu t thuc Thnh ph Nng.
1.1.4. Gii hn ca n tt nghip.
1.1.4.1. Mc tiu, nhim v ca n tt nghip.
- Mc tiu ca n tt nghip:
+ Cng c h thng ha, m rng v i su tm hiu ni dung cng tc
thit k v t chc thi cng cng trnh xy dng.
+ Vn dng mt cch tng hp kin thc hc vo vic thit k cng
trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
+ Gip sinh vin lm quen vi kh nng bo v mt vn khoa hc.
+ Thc hin mt nhim v quan trng ca k thi tt nghip quc gia.
- Nhim v ca n tt nghip:
Thit k v t chc thi cng Tr s lm vic Vin c in - B nng
nghip v pht trin nng thn.
1.1.4.2. Phm vi gii quyt vn ca n tt nghip.
Do thi gian thc hin n c hn, vi yu cu v nhim v c giao
nn trong n ny ch gii quyt mt s ni dung c bn sau:
- Kin trc: (chim 10%)
Trnh by cc gii php thit k mt bng, mt ng, quy hoch, gii
php kt cu. Tnh ton cc ch tiu kinh t k thut, cc gii php mi trng,
nh sng, phng chy, cha chy...
- Kt cu: (chim 45%)
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+ Thit k mt kt cu khung chu lc in hnh.

+ Tnh ton v cu to b nc mi.
+ Tnh ton v cu to bn sn ton khi.
+ Tnh ton v thit k nn mng.
-

Thi cng: (chim 35-45%).

D ton: (chim 5-10%).Cn c vo cc gii php kt cu, nn mng

thc hin tin hnh la chn v quyt nh gii php k thut, t
chc thi cng cho cng trnh.

1.2. IU KIN T NHIN KINH T, X HI.

1.2.1. iu kin t nhin:
1.2.1.1. a hnh khu vc:
Cng trnh Trung tm thng mi Parkson Hng Vng c xy dng trn khu
t b trng, c a hnh tng i bng phng, rng ri thun tin cho vic thi cng.
1.2.1.2. Kh hu:
Nng nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma vi 2 ma r rt.
+Ma ma: thng 9-12.
+Ma kh : u thng 3 n cui thng 8.
*Cc yu t kh tng:
Nhit khng kh:
+Nhit trung bnh nm

:25,6oC.

+Nhit ti thp trung bnh nm :22,7 oC.

+Nhit ti cao trung bnh nm :29,8oC.
+Nhit cao nht tuyt i

:40,9 oC.

+Nhit thp nht tuyt i

:10,2oC.

Lng ma:
+Lng ma trung bnh nm

:2066 mm/nm.

+Lng ma ln nht

:3307 mm.

+Lng ma thp nht

:1400 mm.

+Lng ma ngy ln nht

:332 mm.

+S ngy ma trung bnh nm

:140-148.

+S ngy ma nhiu nht trong thng: trung bnh 22 ngy thng 10 hng nm.

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khng

+ m khng kh trung bnh nm

:82%.

+ m cao nht trung bnh

:90%.

+ m thp nht trung bnh

:75%.

+ m thp nht tuyt i

:18%.

kh:

Lng bc hi:
+Lng bc hi trung bnh nm :2017 mm/nm.
+Lng bc hi thng ln nht

:240 mm/thng.

+Lng bc hi thng thp nht :119 mm/thng.

Nng:
+S gi nng trung bnh

:2158 gi/nm.

+S gi nng trung bnh thng nhiu nht: 248gi/thng.

Gi, bo:
Khu vc thnh ph nng chu nh hng ca hai loi gi chnh:
+Gi ng v ng Nam t thng 4 n thng 8.
+Gi ng Bc t thng 9 n thng 3 sang nm .
+Tc gi ln nht:45m/s.
+Bo thng xy ra t thng 9 n thng 11 vi sc gi t 12 -85 km/h, trung
bnh c 5 cn bo trong 1 nm.
1.2.1.3. a cht thy vn:
a. a hnh:
a hnh bng phng, rng ri thun li cho vic xy dng cng trnh.
b. a cht:
Lp t 1: st pha :5,7m.
Lp t 2: ct pha :8,5m.
Lp t 3: ct bi :6,8m.
Lp t 4:ct ht trung 5,2 m.
Lp t 5: ct th ln ci si: 18m v cha kt thc l khoan 60m.
1.2.1.4. Mi trng sinh thi:
Cng trnh c xy dng trong ng, quanh khu dn c, chung quanh trng
nhiu cy xanh nn c mi trng khng kh thng thong, mt m, d chu. Mi tr-

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ng sinh thi xung quanh cng trnh khng c s nhim v khng kh v ngun nc gy nh hng n vic khai thc cng trnh sau ny. Mt khc tr s lm vic
Vin c in l mt cng trnh phc v cng tc nghin cu nn khng gy nh hng xu n mi trng sinh thi.
1.2.2. iu kin x hi, k thut.
1.2.2.1. iu kin x hi.
- Nhn dn c truyn thng cch mng, chp hnh tt chnh sch ca ng, php
lut ca Nh nc, trnh dn tr cao.
- Nhn dn c np sinh hot vn ho lnh mnh. Tnh hnh an ninh chnh
tr tng i n nh.
1.2.2.2. iu kin k thut.
1.2.2.2.1. ng giao thng.
Khu vc xy dng cng trnh nm trong h thng giao thng c quy hoch v
phn chia ht sc r rng, c th nh: ng chnh rng 8(m), ng nh rng 3(m)
do iu kin giao thng l tng i thun li cho thi cng v khai thc s dng
cng trnh sau ny.
1.2.2.2.2. Thng tin lin lc.
Trong nhng nm gn y h thng bu chnh vin thng ca nc ta pht trin
rt mnh, c bit l cc thnh ph ln. V vy vic thng tin lin lc ca khu vc
xy dng cng trnh rt thun li v d dng.
1.2.2.2.3. Mt bng xy dng.
Khu vc xy dng cng trnh c a hnh bng phng, thot nc tt, mt
bng xy dng thun li cho t chc thi cng, khng gian v tm nhn thong
ng gp phn lm p cho thnh ph H Ni, c ng giao thng thun
tin cho vic chuyn ch vt liu xy dng.
1.2.2.2.4. H thng in.
H thng cung cp in c ly t mng in chung ca thnh ph sau
a v trm in ca c quan v dn n tng dy nh.
1.2.2.2.5. Cp, thot nc.
- Cp nc: S dng h thng cung cp nc ca thnh ph cho cc khu dn
c xung quanh khu vc xy dng cng trnh.
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- Thot nc: H thng thot nc ca cng trnh nm trong h thng thot nc ca

khu vc c quy hoch nn rt thun li cho vic lp t h thng thot nc phc
v cho cng tc thi cng cng nh s dng cng trnh sau ny.
1.2.2.2.6. Ngun cung cp vt liu.
Khu vc xy dng nm trong trung tm thnh ph, li nm gn trc ng
giao thng nn vic cung cp vt liu xy dng rt thun li.
1.2.2.2.7. Tnh hnh nhn lc xy dng.
Thnh ph H Ni l mt trung tm vn ha chnh tr ca c nc, xng ng
vi vai tr ny th thnh ph ang tin hnh xy dng, quy hoch c s h tng mt
cnh nhanh chng. Cc cng trnh xy dng mi mc ln ngy cng nhiu nn thu ht
c rt nhiu lao ng t cc tnh ln cn tp trung ti y. Do vic tm kim
nhn lc xy dng rt thun li, d dng.
1.2.3. Bin ch, t chc.
1.2.3.1. T chc qun l.
B my qun l ca Vin c in ng u l gim c tip theo l ph
gim c, sau l cc b phn, phng ban chc nng nh: phng vn th,
phng ti chnh, phng k thut, phng bo v... Mi phng ban li c phn
ra thnh trng phng, ph phng, nhn vin.
1.2.3.2. T chc bin ch.
Ty vo chc nng v nhim v ca tng phng ban m phng t chc
nhn s s b tr s lng nhn vin sao cho hp l vi c cu t chc, hot
ng ca phng ban.
1.3. GII PHP KIN TRC:
1.3.1. Quy hoch tng mt bng:
Cn c vo c im mt bng khu t, yu cu cng trnh thuc tiu chun quy
phm nh nc, phng hng quy hoch, thit k tng mt bng cng trnh phi cn
c vo cng nng s dng ca tng loi cng trnh, dy chuyn cng ngh c phn
khu chc nng r rng ng thi ph hp vi quy hoch th c duyt, phi m
bo tnh khoa hc v thm m. B cc v khong cch kin trc m bo cc yu cu
v phng chng chy, chiu sng, thng gi, chng n, khong cch ly v sinh.

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Ton b mt trc cng trnh trng cy v thong, khch c th tip cn

dng vi cng trnh. Cng thm i phun nc to nn v o v nt sang trng cho
cng trnh.
Pha sau cng trnh l khu th thao, y l ni gii tr cho cc nhn vin ca cc
cng ty.
Giao thng ni b bn trong cng trnh thng vi cc ng giao thng cng
cng, m bo lu thng bn ngoi cng trnh. Ti cc nt giao nhau gia ng ni
b v ng cng cng, gia li i b v li ra vo cng trnh c b tr cc bin bo.
Bao quanh cng trnh l cc ng vnh ai v cc khong sn rng, m bo
xe cho vic xe cu ho tip cn v x l cc s c.
1.3.2. Gii php thit k kin trc:
a.Thit k mt bng cc tng:
Mt bng tng hm: b tr cc phng k thut, b nc ngm, phn din tch cn
li t v xe my. Mt bng tng hm c nh c v pha rnh thot nc vi
c 0,1% gii quyt vn v sinh ca tng hm.
Mt bng tng 1: b tr cc snh ln l ni tip n khch n vi cc khu dch
v v vn phng cc cng ty. Cc siu th c b tr trong mt khng gian ln pha
trc. Ngoi ra cn c khng gian dnh cho cc cu lc b thu c b tr pha sau
nhng vn m bo vic lin h d dng vi khu trung tm.
Mt bng tng 2,3: tt c din tch u dnh cho vic kinh doanh, bun bn gm
: cc siu th, cc ca hng, Tng 1,2,3 u cao 4,5m to ra mt khng gian rng
ln, honh trng.
Mt bng tng 4: chia lm 2 phn: mt phn dng lm vn phng cho cc c
quan thu. Phn cn li dng lm qun bar.
Mt bng tng 5: dng lm tng k thut. y l ni b tr cc phng k
thut, cc loi thit b v h thng k thut.
Mt bng tng in hnh 611: gm 2 phng c b tr i xng quanh trc
giao thng ng. H thng v sinh c b tr chung cho c tng gm hai khu v sinh
mi u ca cc tng. H thng hnh lang c t chc hp l m bo yu cu
thot ngi khi c s c. Din tch cc phng nh sau:
Vn phng cho thu : din tch 140 m2.

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Mt bng tng mi: dng t b nc mi v k thut thang my.

b.Thit k mt ng:
Cng trnh thuc loi cng trnh ln Nng vi hnh khi kin trc c
thit k theo kin trc hin i to nn t cc khi ln kt hp vi knh v sn mu to
nn s honh trng ca cng trnh.
Bao quanh cng trnh l h thng tng knh, c lc l lin tc t di ln, c
lc l h thng cc ca s c ngn cch bi cc mng tng. iu ny to cho cng
trnh c mt dng v kin trc rt hin i, th hin c s sang trng v honh trng.
ng thi vi cc gc li lm trn mt bng kin trc to cho cng trnh c mt hnh
khi khng n iu.
c.Thit k mt ct:
Nhm th hin ni dung bn trong cng trnh, kch thc cu kin c bn, cng
nng ca cc phng.
Da vo c im s dng v cc iu kin v sinh nh sng, thng hi thong
gi cho cc phng chc nng ta chn chiu cao cc tng nh sau:
Tng 1,2,3 cao 4,5m.
Tng 5 l tng k thut nn cao 2,7m.
Tng 4, tng 611 cao 3,3m.
Tng mi cao 4,5 m c th b tr k thut thang my v b nc mi.
1.3.3. Gii php kt cu:
Ngy nay, trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam vic s dng kt cu btng ct
thp trong xy dng tr nn rt ph bin. c bit trong xy dng nh cao tng,
btng ct thp c s dng rng ri do c nhng u im sau:
+ Gi thnh ca kt cu btng ct thp thng r hn kt cu thp i
vi nhng cng trnh c nhp va v nh chu ti nh nhau.
+ Bn lu, t tn tin bo dng, cng t nhiu tng theo thi gian.
C kh nng chu la tt.
+ D dng to c hnh dng theo yu cu ca kin trc.
V vy cng trnh c xy bng btng ct thp.
Ngoi ra, h kt cu khung-ging (khung v vch cng) c to ra ti khu vc
cu thang b, cu thang my, khu v sinh chung hoc cc tng bin, l cc khu vc
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c tng lin tc nhiu tng. H thng khung c b tr ti cc khu vc cn li ca

ngi nh. Hai h thng khung v vch c lin kt vi nhau qua h kt cu sn.
Trong trng hp ny h sn lin khi c ngha rt ln. Thng trong h thng kt
cu ny h thng vch ng vai tr ch yu chu ti trng ngang, h khung ch yu
c thit k chu ti trng thng ng. S phn r chc nng ny to iu kin ti
u ho cc cu kin, gim bt kch thc ct v dm, p ng c yu cu ca kin
trc .
H kt cu khung -ging t ra l h kt cu ti u cho nhiu loi cng trnh cao
tng. Loi kt cu ny s dng hiu qu cho cc ngi nh n 40 tng. Nu cng trnh
c thit k cho vng c ng t cp 8 th chiu cao ti a cho loi kt cu ny l 30
tng, cho vng ng t cp 9 l 20 tng .
Chnh v cc l do trn m s dng gii php h khung-vch bng BTCT
ton khi. H thng thang b, thang my l li trung tm m bo s bn vng, chc
chn cho cng trnh.
Chiu cao tng in hnh l 3,3m vi nhp l 8,4m. Gii php khung-vch
BTCT vi dm ton khi, b tr cc dm trn u ct v gc qua vch cng.
1.3.4. Giao thng ni b cng trnh:
H thng giao thng theo phng ng c b tr vi 5 thang my cho i li,
2 cu thang b kch thc v thang ln lc l 1,25m v 1,05m. Ngoi ra cn c hai
cu thang b thot him hai u nh.
H thng giao thng theo phng ngang vi cc hnh lang c b tr ph hp
vi yu cu i li.
1.3.5. Cc gii php k thut khc:
a. H thng chiu sng:
Tn dng ti a chiu sng t nhin, h thng ca s cc mt u c lp
knh. Ngoi ra nh sng nhn to cng c b tr sao cho ph ht nhng im cn
chiu sng.
b. H thng thng gi:
Tn dng ti a thng gi t nhin qua h thng ca s. Ngoi ra s dng h
thng iu ho khng kh c x l v lm lnh theo h thng ng ng chy theo

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cc hp k thut theo phng ng, v chy trong trn theo phng ngang phn b
n cc v tr tiu th.
c. H thng in:
Tuyn in trung th 15KV qua ng dn t ngm di t i vo trm bin th
ca cng trnh. Ngoi ra cn c in d phng cho cng trnh gm hai my pht in
t ti tng hm ca cng trnh. Khi ngun in chnh ca cng trnh b mt th my
pht in s cung cp in cho cc trng hp sau:
-

Cc h thng phng chy cha chy.

H thng chiu sng v bo v.

Cc phng lm vic cc tng.

H thng thang my.

H thng my tnh v cc dch v quan trng khc.

d. H thng cp thot nc:

*Cp nc:
Nc t h thng cp nc ca thnh ph i vo b ngm t ti tng hm ca
cng trnh. Sau c bm ln b nc mi, qu trnh iu khin bm c thc
hin hon ton t ng. Nc s theo cc ng ng k thut chy n cc v tr ly
nc cn thit.
*Thot nc:
Nc ma trn mi cng trnh, trn logia, ban cng, nc thi sinh hot c
thu vo xn v a vo b x l nc thi. Nc sau khi c x l s c a ra
h thng thot nc ca thnh ph.
e. H thng phng chy, cha chy:
*H thng bo chy:
Thit b pht hin bo chy c b tr mi phng v mi tng, ni cng
cng ca mi tng. Mng li bo chy c gn ng h v n bo chy, khi pht hin
c chy phng qun l nhn c tn hiu th kim sot v khng ch ho hon cho
cng trnh.
*H thng cha chy:

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Thit k tun theo cc yu cu phng chng chy n v cc tiu chun lin quan
khc (bao gm cc b phn ngn chy, li thot nn, cp nc cha chy). Tt c cc
tng u t cc bnh CO2, ng ng cha chy ti cc nt giao thng.
f. X l rc thi:
Rc thi mi tng s c thu gom v a xung tng k thut, tng hm bng
ng thu rc. Rc thi c mang i x l mi ngy.
e. Gii php hon thin:
-Vt liu hon thin s dng cc loi vt liu tt m bo chng c ma nng
s dng lu di. Nn lt gch Ceramic. Tng c qut sn chng thm.
-Cc khu phng v sinh, nn lt gch chng trt, tng p gch men trng cao
2m .
-Vt liu trang tr dng loi cao cp, s dng vt liu m bo tnh k thut cao,
mu sc trang nh trong sng to cm gic thoi mi khi ngh ngi.
- H thng ca dng ca knh khun nhm.
1.3.6. TNH TON CC CH TIU KINH T K THUT:
1.Mt xy dng: K0 l t s din tch xy dng cng trnh trn din tch l t (%)
trong din tch xy dng cng trnh tnh theo hnh chiu mt bng mi cng trnh
K0 =

S XD
3060
.100% = 30.6%
.100% =
S LD
10000

Trong : SXD = 3060m2 l din tch xy dng cng trnh theo hnh chiu mt
bng mi cng trnh.
SLD = 10000m2 l din tch l t.
Mt xy dng l khng vt qu 40%. iu ny ph hp TCXDVN
323:2004.
2.H s s dng t: HSD l t s ca tng din tch sn ton cng trnh trn din tch
l t.
HSD =
Trong : SS

SS
25800
=
= 2.58
S LD 10000

25800m2 l tng din tch sn ton cng trnh khng bao gm

din tch sn tng hm v mi.

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H s s dng t l 2.58 khng vt qu 5. iu ny cng ph hp vi

TCXDVN 323:2004.

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