Coefficients of Innovation (p), Imitation (q) and Market Potential (N) for Several Products

Product/Technology
Agricultural
Tractors (units)
Hybrid corn
Artificial insemination
Bale hay
Medical equipment
Ultrasound imaging
Mammography
CT scanners (50-99 beds)
CT scanners (>100 beds)
Production technology
Oxygen steel furnace (USA)
Oxygen steel furnace (France)
Oxygen steel furnace (Japan)
Steam (vs. sail) merchant ships (UK)
Plastic milk containers (I gallon)
Plastic milk containers (half gallon)
Stores with retail scanners (FRG, units)
Stores with retail scanners (Denmark, units)
Electrical appliances
Room air conditioning
Bed cover
Blender
Can opener
Electric coffee maker
Clothes dryer
Clothes washer
Coffee maker ADC
Curling iron
Dishwasher
Disposer
Fondue
Freezer
Frypan
Hair dryer
Hot plates
Microwave oven
Mixer
Range
Range, built-in
Refrigerator
Slow cooker
Steam iron
Toaster
Vacuum cleaner
Consumer electronics
Cable television
Calculators
CD player
Home PC (units)
Telephone answering device
Television, black and white
Television, color
VCR

Period of Analysis

1920-1964
1926-1941
1942-1959
1942-1959

.000
.000
.028
.013

.142
.797
.307
.455

5,144.0
100.0
73.2
92.2

1964-1978
1964-1978
1979-1993
1973-1993

.000
.000
.036
.028

.534
.729
.375
.292

85.8
57.1
57.5
94.5

1954-1980
1960-1980
1958-1975
1810-1965
1963-1987
1963-1987
1980-1993
1980-1993

.000
.013
.044
.006
.021
.000
.001
.076

.503
.374
.325
.259
.245
.280
.605
.540

62.9
85.2
85.3
86.7
101.5
25.5
16,702.0
2,061.0

1949-1979
1948-1979
1948-1979
1960-1979
1954-1979
1948-1979
1922-1979
1973-1979
1973-1979
1948-1979
1948-1979
1971-1979
1948-1979
1956-1979
1971-1979
1931-1979
1971-1990
1948-1979
1924-1979
1956-1979
1925-1979
1973-1979
1949-1979
1922-1979
1922-1979

.006
.008
.000
.050
.056
.009
.000
.077
.101
.000
.000
.166
.013
.142
.055
.056
.002
.000
.004
.038
.017
.000
.033
.030
.000

.185
.130
.260
.126
.000
.143
.111
1.106
.762
.213
.179
.440
.000
.000
.399
.000
.357
.134
.065
.014
.188
1.152
.116
.000
.066

60.5
72.2
54.5
68.0
127.6
70.1
96.4
32.2
29.9
47.7
50.4
4.6
129.7
65.6
51.6
26.3
91.6
97.7
63.6
32.6
101.1
34.4
102.1
123.8
120.3

1980-1994
1972-1979
1987-1992
1981-1988
1987-1992
1948-1979
1964-1979
1980-1994

.100
.145
.157
.121
.259
.106
.059
.025

.060
.495
.000
281
.041
.235
.130
.603

68.0
101.1
68.8
25.8
53.6
98.1
103.1
76.3

0.03

0.38

Average across studies, including many not listed here

(Sultan et a]. 1990)
Compiled by Christophe Van den Bulte
Unless indicated, the model was estimated on penetration data collected in the USA.