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Operation Manual Cubase 4
Operation Manual Cubase 4
Cristina Bachmann, Heiko Bischoff, Marion Brer, Sabine Pfeifer The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH. The software described by this document is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media except as specifically allowed in the License Agreement. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or otherwise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH. All product and company names are or trademarks of their respective owners. Windows XP is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Windows Vista is either a registered trademark or trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. The Mac logo is a trademark used under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks. Release Date: October 19, 2007 Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH, 2007. All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
10
11
12
13
14 14 17 20 20 20
25
26 28 35 56
59
60 61 63
65
66 66 68 79 84 86
Recording
Background Basic recording methods Audio recording specifics MIDI recording specifics Options and Settings Recovery of audio recordings after system failure
87
88 90 91 92 93 94
95
96 96 97 99 100 101
4 Table of Contents
203 Automation
Table of Contents
377 377 377 380 380 380 381 381 387 387 388 389
Applying the defined actions Working with presets The Input Transformer Introduction Opening the Project Logical Editor Window overview Selecting a preset Setting up filter conditions Selecting a function Specifying actions Applying the defined actions Working with presets
6 Table of Contents
421 Synchronization
422 422 423 424 425 429 431 431 431 434 437 440 440 441 446 446 447 447 448 448 448 450 452 453 453 454 457 458 460 460 461 461 464 464 466 467 468 469 470 473 Background Synchronization signals Synchronizing the transport vs. synchronizing audio Making basic settings and connections Synchronization settings Machine Control Sync Options Working with VST System Link Preparations Activating VST System Link Application examples Background Before you start Operations Introduction Launching and quitting Activating ReWire channels Using the transport and tempo controls How the ReWire channels are handled in Cubase Routing MIDI via ReWire2 Considerations and limitations Working with Projects Startup Options Working with libraries (Cubase only) Revert Importing audio Exporting and importing OMF files (Cubase only) Exporting and importing standard MIDI files Exporting and importing MIDI loops Exporting and importing tracks (Cubase only) Other Import/Export functions Cleanup Background Workspaces The Setup dialogs Customizing track controls About preference presets (Cubase only) Appearance Applying track and event colors Where are the settings stored?
7
439 Video
445 ReWire
463 Customizing
Table of Contents
8 Table of Contents
634 Index
9 Table of Contents
1
About this manual
Welcome!
This is the Operation Manual for Steinbergs Cubase. Here you will find detailed information about all the features and functions in the program.
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VST Connections: Setting up input and output busses
Heres an example: Lets say you are using audio hardware with eight analog inputs and outputs and digital stereo connections (10 inputs and outputs all in all). Furthermore, you work with a surround setup in 5.1 format (Cubase only). Heres a list of busses you may wish to add: Input busses Most likely you need at least one stereo input bus assigned to an analog input pair. This would let you record stereo material. If you want to be able to record in stereo from other analog input pairs as well, you could add stereo input busses for these too. Although you can record mono tracks from one side of a stereo input, it may be a good idea to add a dedicated mono input bus. This could be assigned to an analog input to which you have connected a dedicated microphone pre-amp for example. Again, you can have several different mono busses. You probably want a dedicated stereo input bus assigned to the digital stereo input, for digital transfers. If you want to transfer surround material directly to a surround track, e.g. from surround-configured location recording equipment, you need an input bus in that surround format (Cubase only) in this example, this would be a 5.1 input bus. Output busses You probably want one or several stereo output busses for monitoring and listening to stereo mixes . For digital transfers, you need a stereo bus assigned to the digital stereo output as well. You need a surround bus in the format of your speaker configuration (in this example, 5.1) assigned to the correct outputs (which in turn are connected to the correct speakers). Again, this is available in Cubase only. You may want additional surround busses if you tend to work in different surround formats.
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Setting up busses
Strategies
In Cubase, you can create any number of busses. A number of surround formats are supported (Cubase only). In Cubase Studio, busses are in mono or stereo. The bus configuration is saved with the projects therefore its a good idea to add and set up the busses you need and save these in a template project (see Save as Template on page 451).
When you start working on new projects, you start from this template. That way you get your standard bus configuration without having to make new bus settings for each new project. If you need to work with different bus configurations in different projects, you can either create several different templates or store your configurations as presets (see Other bus operations on page 17). The templates can of course also contain other settings that you regularly use sample rate, record format, a basic track layout, etc.
So, which type of busses do you need? This depends on your audio hardware, your general audio setup (e.g. surround speaker setup) and what kind of projects you work with.
Different busses can use the same inputs/outputs on the audio hardware! For example, you may want a stereo output bus assigned to the same outputs as the front stereo channels in your surround bus this makes it easy to listen to stereo mixes without having to reconnect your speakers.
Preparations
Before you set up busses, you should name the inputs and outputs on your audio hardware. For example, if you are using a 5.1 surround speaker setup, you should name the outputs according to which speaker they are connected to (Left, Right, Center and so on). The reason for this is compatibility it makes it easier to transfer projects between different computers and setups. For example, if you move your project to another studio, the audio hardware may be of a different model. But if both you and the other studio owner have given your inputs and outputs names according to the surround setup (rather than names based on the audio hardware model), Cubase will automatically find the correct inputs and outputs for your busses and you will be able to play and record without having to change the settings. Use the Device Setup dialog to assign names to the inputs and outputs of your audio hardware: 1. Open the Device Setup dialog from the Devices menu. 2. Make sure that the correct driver for your audio hardware is selected on the VST Audio System page, so that the audio card is listed in the Devices list. 3. Select your audio card in the list.
The available input and output ports on your audio hardware are listed on the right.
This window contains the following tabs: The Inputs and Outputs tabs are for viewing input busses or output busses, respectively. The Group/FX tab allows you to create Group and FX channels/tracks and to make output assignments for these. See Setting up Groups and FX channels on page 20. The External FX tab (Cubase only) allows you to create effect send/return busses for connecting external effects which can then be selected via the effect pop-up menus from inside the program. See External instruments/effects (Cubase only) on page 20 and Using external effects (Cubase only) on page 175 for further information. The External Instruments tab (Cubase only) allows you to create input/output busses for connecting external instruments. See External instruments/effects (Cubase only) on page 20 and the chapter VST Instruments and Instrument tracks on page 182 for further information. The Studio tab (Cubase only) is where you enable and configure the Control Room. See the chapter Control Room (Cubase only) on page 146. For the time being, we shall focus on how to set up input and output busses.
4. To rename a port, click its name in the Show as column and enter a new name. If needed, you can also disable ports by deactivating them in the Visible column.
Disabled ports wont show up in the VST Connections window when you are making bus settings. If you attempt to disable a port that is used by a bus, you will be asked whether this is really what you want note that this will remove the port from the bus!
5. Click OK to close the Device Setup dialog. If you open a project created on another computer and the port names dont match (or the port configuration isnt the same e.g. the project is created on a system with multi-channel i/o and you open it on a stereo in/out system), the Pending Connections dialog will appear.
This allows you to manually re-route ports used in the project to ports available in your system.
Depending on which tab you have selected, Inputs or Outputs, the window lists the current input or output busses, with the following columns:
Column Bus Name Speakers Audio Device Device Port Description Lists the busses. You can select busses and rename them by clicking on them in this column. Indicates the speaker configuration (mono, stereo, surround formats) of each bus. This shows the currently selected ASIO driver. When you have opened a bus (by clicking its + button in the Bus Name column) this column shows which physical input/output on your audio hardware is used by the bus. You can route the click to a specific output bus, regardless of the actual Control Room output, or indeed when the Control Room is disabled.
Adding a child bus (Cubase only) A surround bus is essentially a set of mono channels 6 channels in the case of 5.1 format. If you have a mono track in the project, you can route it to a separate speaker channel in the bus (or route it to the whole surround bus and use the surround panner to position it in the surround image). But what if you have a stereo track that you simply want to route to a stereo channel pair within the bus (Left and Right or Left Surround and Right Surround for example)? For this you need to create a child bus. 1. Select the surround bus in the list and right-click on it.
A pop-up menu appears.
Click
Adding a bus 1. Click the Inputs or Outputs tab depending on which you want to add. 2. Click the Add Bus button.
A dialog appears.
Alternatively you can right-click in the VST Connections window and add a bus in the desired format directly from the context menu that appears.
The new bus appears with the ports visible.
The child bus you created will be available for direct routing in the mixer. Its a part of the parent surround bus, which means there will be no separate channel strip for it. Although child busses are probably most useful in output busses, you can also create child busses within a surround input bus for example if you want to record a stereo channel pair (e.g. front left-right) in the surround bus to a separate stereo track.
4. Click in the Device Port column to select an input/output port for a channel in the bus.
The pop-up menu that appears lists the ports with the names you have assigned in the Device Setup dialog. Repeat this for all channels in the bus.
Setting the Main Mix bus (the default output bus) The Main Mix is the output bus that each new channel in the mixer will be assigned to when it is created. Any one of the output busses in the VST Connections window can be the default output bus. By right-clicking on the name of an output bus, you can set this bus as the Main Mix bus.
Routing
When you play back an audio track (or any other audio channel in the mixer VST Instrument channels, ReWire channels, etc.), you route it to an output bus. In the same way, when you record on an audio track you select from which input bus the audio should be sent. You can select input and output busses in the Inspector, using the Input and Output Routing pop-up menus.
When creating new audio, group or FX channels in the mixer, they will automatically be routed to the default bus.
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The default bus is indicated by an orange colored speaker icon next to its name in the VST Connections window.
Other bus operations To change the port assignment for a bus, you proceed as when you added it make sure the channels are visible (by clicking the + button next to the bus, or by clicking the + All button at the top of the window) and click in the Device Port column to select ports. To remove a bus you dont need, select it in the list, right-click and select Remove Bus from the pop-up menu, or press [Backspace]. You can store and recall bus presets with the pop-up menu at the top of the window.
To store the current configuration as a preset, click the Store + button and enter a name for the preset. You can then select the stored configuration directly from the Presets pop-up menu at any time. To remove a stored preset, select it and click the - button.
For audio-related channel types other than audio track channels (i.e. VST Instrument channels, ReWire channels, Group channels and FX channels), only the Output Routing pop-up menu is available. Select one of its subtracks in the Track list to open it. You can also select busses in the Routing panel at the top of each channel strip in the mixer.
Again, for VST Instrument channels, ReWire channels, Group channels and FX channels you will only be able to select output busses.
Cubase only: If you press [Alt]/[Option] and select an input or output bus in the Mixer Routing View, it will be chosen for all selected channels.
This makes it easy to quickly set several channels to use the same input or output. Similarly, if you press [Shift] and select a bus, the following selected channels will be set to use incrementing busses the second selected channel will use the second bus, the third will use the third bus and so on.
Surround tracks can be routed to External Inputs that are configured in the Studio tab of the VST Connections window, provided that these have the same input configuration. Surround tracks can also be routed to output busses, provided that these have the same input configuration or will not lead to feedback. For output busses any assignment is possible.
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