6

07/12/55

3
coenzyme
- 3
-
- CHO
- 3

1. Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
2. Water-soluble vitamins: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2),
niacin, pyridoxin (B6), pantothenic acid, biotin, folic
acid, cobalamin (B12) 3 3 vitamin B
complex 3 vitamin C

1.
2.

3.

4.
5.
precursors

precursors

07/12/55

6.
7.
8.

9.

C, H, O

C, H, O, N,
(Co, S)
3

(minimum daily
requirements, MDR) :

(recommended dietary
allowances, RDA) :

2-6

(therapeutic doses) :

4-12

(toxic range) : o

07/12/55

provitamins (precursors) :

- carotene

antivitamins, vitamin antagonists, pseudovitamins :

3
3

-Dicumarol

carotene
carotene

xerophthalmia
dioxygenase + retinene reductase

retinol

-carotene 100%

07/12/55

1. vitamin A1 Retinol :33
3
2. 3-dehydroretinol, dehydrovitamin A2 retinol2 :
3 biological activity
vitamin A1

3

uv

1.
- rod cells:
- cone cells:
2. 3
3.
-

- 3

07/12/55

4.

5. -carotene antioxidant

3
3 carotene
thyroxine
carotenoid
3
3
3-5

carotene 6-7

-carotene 33%

-carotene 6 o
1 retinol
carotene

07/12/55

1. : -carotene 20-45%
-carotene
2-3
2. -carotene
3. -carotene
micelle 3
antioxidant
4. 3 -carotene

1.
2.
3.
4.

4 .
3

International unit (IU)
- IUa
- IUc
- 1 IUa (international unit performed vitamin A)
= 0.3 retinol
- 1 IUc (international unit provitamin A
carotenoid) = 0.6 -carotene 0.33 IUa
- 1 IUa = 3 IUc

07/12/55

Retinol equivalents (RE) functional unit

1 RE (Retinol equivalent) = 1 retinol (3.33 IUa 10 IUc)

= 6 -carotene

1.
3
xeropthalmia
3 (night blindness or
nyctalopia)

2.

-
-
3
3

- 3

3.

07/12/55

-
- UV cholesterol

1. ergocalciferol or calciferol or vitamin D2
U.V. light
ergosterol
ergocalciferol (D2)
230 nm
2. cholecalciferol or activated 7 dehydrocholesterol or
vitamin D3
U.V. light
7 dehydrocholesterol
cholecalciferol (D3)
230 nm

(140 )
oxidation
UV

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Ca, P

3 mucous membrane
Ca, P
Vitamin D Ca
P
P
mucopolysaccharide
collagen
CHO

07/12/55

:
-
-
-

3
3 chylomicron
3

400 IU /L

1 IU = 0.025

1.
-
-
(craneotabes)
-
3
-
- 3
-
- 3
-

07/12/55

2. :
-
-
-
3. (tetany) : 3
3 7.5 mg/dl
4. (dental caries) :

oxidation

o


3

3
3 3
3

3 3 3 3
3 33
3

. alpha tocopherol equivalent
1 . alpha tocopherol = 1.49 IU

10

07/12/55

33

300

2,000 3 3
3

1. Phylloquinone (K1)

2. Menaquinone (K2) 3 K1, K2
K2 3
75 K1
3. Menadione (K3)
3 K1

11

07/12/55

1. prothrombin
2.
3.

3
3

1 /3 1 ./

3
o

1.

2.
- 3
3. (thiamin triphosphate, TTP)

12

07/12/55

3 (3
3 3)

( 1
3 )
( 1
30 )

0.5 ./1,000
(

)

(beriberi)

5 (antithiamin factors)
o

1. o (thermolabile ATF):
thiaminase 3
2. o (thermostable ATF):
3

3

13

07/12/55

1. 2

- flavin mononucleotide, FMN
- flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD

3 3

2.
3. 3
4.

3
3
3

0.4-0.6
0.8-1.2
1.2-1.7
+0.3
+0.5

./
./
./
./
./

: (photophobia)
3

: cheilosis

(angular stomatitis)
3 : 3 glossitis
:
2 3
seborrheic dermatitis

14

07/12/55

1. nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (NAD) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate (NADP)
NAD:
glycolysis

NADP:
phenylalanine
thyroxine

2.
3. 3 3

4.
5.

tryptophan

: 3 3
:

6.6 ./1,000 Kcal / day

15

07/12/55

Pellagra

:

: 3 3
3

:

3
:

Pellagra
4 DS
- (dermatitis)
- (diarrhea)
- (dementia)
- (death)
6

> 100 . histamine
15 3

1. serotonin
3
3
2.
3. tryptophan niacin
4. 3
hemoglobin
5. linoleic

arachidonic acid
6. glycogen glucose

16

07/12/55

8 .

3
3 3

2 .
100

3

microcytic hypochromic anemia

3
(seborrheic dermatitis)
:
3
3 : 3

17

07/12/55

6 / 2

3 6

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

175 /

150 /
3
500 /

250 /

18

07/12/55

1. acetyl choline
2. acetyl coenzyme A

3.
3 prophyrin hemoglobin
4. prophyrin hemoglobin

4-7 /

3

1.

2. DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
3. metabolism
4. 3
5. methionine, choline

6. o

19

07/12/55

3


1,700

0.4-0.5
/

0.7-1.3
/
> 10 2.0
/
3
+0.5
/

+0.5
/

megaloblast

-
3 3

1.
2.
3.
4.

3
metabolism phenylalanine, tryptophan,
thyroxine
5.
calcium metabolism
6. tryptophan serotonin
3

20

07/12/55

7. 3

8. antioxidant
9.
10. carnitine lysine methionine
carnitine

ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, ascorbic sulfate


(DDT) aspirin

1-9
10-12

13 3
3

35
45
50
60
+20
+40

/
/
/
/
/
/

21

07/12/55

1.
- 3
3


3 3 3

2.
- 2-3
3 3 (petechial
hemorrhages)
3


3
- 3
3 3 2
3 3

1
3

20-100

4-9 /
3

3
metabolism oxalic acid

22

07/12/55

60
17
5 3

1. Macrominerals:
- 3
- 100
- Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, Mg, S
2. Trace minerals
-
- 100
-

2.1
-
- Fe, Cu, Zn, I, F, Co
2.2

-
- Ni, Sn, Si, V
2.3

- 3
-
- Cd, Pb, As, Hg

23

07/12/55

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

3

(Co=B12, S=B1)

3
3
3
9.

24