Johnny Jung

Jones, 8
Mexico Terms
1. Mestizo- a person of mixed Spanish and Native-Mexican ethnicity
2. NAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement- 1994 policy that decreased/
eliminated tariffs to encourage economic activity between North American
countries (United States, Mexico and Canada)
3. Caudillos- Political or military leaders from different areas of Mexico. Usually
involved in patron-client relations. (famously Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa)
4. Camarillas- Hierarchical networks where offices and other benefits are
exchanged. Political clique and also the following in his/her patron-client
relations
5. Politicios- Career politicians
6. Neoliberalism- A blend of liberal political views with an emphasis on economic
growth. Uses free market strategies, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade,
and limited government intervention in the economy.
7. Dedazo- the finger tap/point the incumbent leader of PRI, the Mexican
President, in consultation with his party leaders, selected the PRIs candidate in
the next election. Basically, passing the baton to the next President.
8. Sexenio- the six-year term served in office, with no re-election
9. Import Substitution- A strategy for industrialization in which a country
manufactures domestically goods that it previously imported, in order to satisfy
domestic market demands
10. Ejidos: land granted by the Mexican government to an organized group of
peasants; communal land mainly for agriculture
11. Maquiladoras: Mexican factories that are in free trade zones, usually near the U.S.
border that produces goods for export.
12. Technicos- Career-minded bureaucrats who administer public policy according to
technical, rather than political, criteria. Educated, business- oriented leaders.
13. Co-optation- The process by which individuals are brought into a beneficial
relationship with the state, making them dependent on the states for certain
rewards.
14. Mexican Miracle- Refers to the country's rapid turn of political and economic
liberalization that took place in a relatively short period of time.
15. Criollos- Mexican-born descendants of Spanish.
16. PEMEX: State-owned oil corporation, monopolizes industry. Plays a large role in
economic success.
17. Zapatistas: a Mexican revolutionary group advocating for social and
rural/agricultural reforms, led to Chiapas revolt in 1994.
18. Porfiriato: Porfirio Diaz era as president and Mexico. He promised a limited term
and stayed for more than 30 years. Brought order, but mistrust in government.
19. Para-statals: State-owned, or state-controlled, corporations created to undertake a
broad range of activities, from the control and marketing of agricultural
production to the provision of banking services and the operation of airlines, other
transportation facilities an public utilities


20. Clientelism: The basis of clientele politics and patron-client relationships. A
person pledges allegiance and support for an official who can in turn provide
them with political influence, protection, and goods.