Name : Sartika

Class : D (Biology ICP)

ID : 081404157
DICOTYLE ROOT
Cortex: Te regio! i!!er to e"i#lema is $alle% $ortex a!% it is
omoge!o&s' Te $ortex is $om"ose% o( ti! )alle%* s"a$io&sl y arra!ge%
"are!$yma $ells tat $o!stit&te ma!y layers' +it i!$rease i! age* te
exterior $orti$al regio! #e$omes s&#eri,e% a!% %ea%' Tis exterior $ortex is
k!o)! as exo%ermis' Te i!!ermost $orti$al
layer is $alle% e!%o%ermis' Its $ells are
#arrel-sa"e% a!% are $losel y "a$ke%' .a!y
$ells get s&#eri,e% o! teir ra%ial a!% i!!er
)alls' Tese ti$ke!i!gs are $alle% $as"aria!
stri"es' S&$ e!%o%ermal $ells may #e$ome
totall y s&#eri,e% o! all )all s&r(a$es a!% are
$alle% sto!e $ells' Tese $ells %o !ot allo)
$o!%&$tio!' Te !o!-s&#eri,e% e!%o%ermal
$ells are $alle% "assage $ells' I!!er to
e!%o%ermis* o!e or t)o layers o( "are!$yma
are "rese!t* $o!stit&ti!g "eri$y$l e'
Stele: /yl em a!% "loem "at$es are i! e0&al !&m#er a!% alter!ate
)it ea$ oter' /yl em or "loem "at$es are &s&all y (o&r i! !&m#er' I!
/yl em* te "rotoxyl em eleme!ts (a$e "eri$y$le1 #et)ee! xylem a!% "loem
eleme!ts* "are!$yma $ells are "rese!t $o!stit&ti!g $o!2 &!$ti3e tiss&e* )i$
later #e$omes a se$o!%ary merist em' 4e!$e 3as$&lar #&!%les are %es$ri#e%
as ra%ial* exar$ a!% o"e!'
Pit is 3ery small* )it $losel y "a$ke% "are!$yma $ells'
MONOCOTYLE ROOT
Te !at&re o( e"i#lema* exo%ermis* $ortex* e!%o%ermis a!% "eri$y$le is
simi lar to tat o( Di$ot root' 4o)e3er i! $ortex* large air s"a$es o(
s$i,oge!o&s origi! may #e see!' Te !at&re a!% arra!geme!t o( 3as$&lar
#&!%les are also simi lar to tat o( Di$ot root' B&t 3as$&lar #&!%les are
&s&all y more ta! six i! !&m#er' Te Pare!$yma "rese!t i! #et)ee! xyl em
a!% "legm is $alle% $o!2 &!$ti3e tiss&e* )it ti! $ell )alls' Tis tiss&e %oes
!ot #e$ome meristemati $ a!% t&s %i((ers (rom Di$ot root' Pit is relati3el y
large a!% "are!$ymat o&s' Te "are!$yma o( te Pit a!% $o!2 &!$ti3e
tiss&e* #e$ome lig!i(ie% a!% S$lere!$ymato&s' Te 3as$&lar #&!%les are
%es$ri#e% as "olyar$* ra%ial* exar$ a!% $lose%' 5! e!%oge!o&s lateral
#ra!$ may #e see! %e3elo"i!g (rom "eri$y$l e a!% "assi!g tro&g $ortex'
Zea mays $ross se$t i o!al root
Zea mays is a mem#er o( te grasses* a!% is a! im"orta!t (oo% $ro" )orl%)i%e' Tis
mo!o$otyle%o!o&s "la!t $o!tai!s 3as$&lar #&!%les tat are $lassi(ie% as ata$tosteli$' 5!
ata$tostele is $o!si%ere% to #e te most e3ol3e% 3as$&lar #&!%le i! 3as$&lar "la!ts' Te
3as$&lar system is $om"ose% o( i!%i3i%&al "rimary #&!%les* )i$ are se"arate% #y #roa%
,o!es o( "are!$ymato&s tiss&e' Te xylem is re%&$e% i! ea$ #&!%le to &s&ally t)o large
metaxylem 3essels* a!% te largest #&!%les a3e "rotoxylem eleme!ts )i$ are &s&ally
sort-li3e%* a!% %estroye% %&ri!g stem elo!gatio!' Tey are re%&$e% to la$&!ae ($a3ities) i!
3as$&lar #&!%les o( mat&re stems'
Te "loem is re%&$e% to a (e)* large-%iameter sie3e t&#es* s&rro&!%e% #y $om"a!io!
$ells a!% asso$iate% 3as$&lar "are!$yma $ells' Tere are ma!y 3as$&lar #&!%les i! a 6ty"i$al
Z. mays stem a!% !early all are s&rro&!%e% #y "are!$ymato&s $ells'
Cross se$t i o!al root o( Cucurbi t a moschat a
Tis is a! exam"le o( a! er#a$eo&s %i$otyle%o! stem' Tis "la!t #elo!gs to te
C&$&r#ita$eae* )i$ are almost all ex"loite% #y ma! as a so&r$e o( (oo%' Te "&m"ki!s
a3e i!teresti!g a!atomy* i! tat most o( teir stems are ollo)-$e!tere% a!% te 3as$&lar
#&!%les $o!tai! t)o %isti!$t gro&"s o( "loem' Te o!e* te i!ter!al "loem* is (o&!% o! te
i!si%e o( te )ater-$o!%&$ti!g xylem' It is o&tli!e% i! #l&e i! te mi$rogra" to te rigt' Te
oter is $alle% te exter!al "loem* is (o&!% o! te o&tsi%e o( te xylem' It is o&tli!e% i! re%
i! te mi$rogra"' Te xylem is $om"ose% o( !arro) tra$ei%s a!% )i%er-%iameter 3essels'
Te "loem )iti! te "&m"ki! (amily is $om"ose% o( $om"a!io! $ells a!% sie3e
t&#es* )i$ $o!tai! sie3e "lates* )i$ are see! i! te mi$rogra" to te rigt'
Te root o( Al l i um cepa'