COT CHEM

1) Cac yeu to anh hng en o giam ap cua cot kho?

Theo cong thc cua Zhavoronkov:
2f G 2Z
Pck = 2ck
, N/m2
G De
Vi: De =

(3)

4
: ng knh tng ng cua vat chem, m
a

fck = f(Rec): he so ma sat

4G

Rec = a
o giam ap cua cot kho phu thuoc vao cac yeu to sau:
G van toc khoi lng dong kh da tren mot n v dien tch cot,
kg/s.m2
Z chieu cao phan chem, m
- o xop cua vat chem
G khoi lng rieng cua pha kh, kg/m3
a dien tch be mat rieng cua vat chem, m2/m3
- o nht cua dong kh, kg/ms
Ngoai ra con co yeu to hnh dang cua vat chem, s xap xep
cac vat chem,
2) Thap chem c ng dung trong nhng lnh vc nao? u va nhc
iem cua chung?
u iem
- Cau tao kha n
gian.
- Tr lc thap.
- Lam viec c vi
chat long ban neu
dung em cau co
cua chat long.

Nhc iem
Pham vi ng dung
- Do co hieu ng - Khong nen dung khi
thanh hieu suat ng knh thiet b
qua ln.
truyen khoi thap.
- o on nh khong - Dung trong hau het
cac lnh vc: hap
cao, kho van hanh.
- Do co hieu ng thu, chng cat, trch ly
thanh khi tang long long,..
nang suat th hieu
ng thanh tang
kho
tang
nang
suat.
3) Co may loai vat chem ? Chung c che tao c t vat lieu g?
- Vat chem la nhng vat ran tr co hnh dang khac nhau: tru,
cau, tam, yen nga, lo xo,..
- Vat chem co the lam t nhieu vat lieu khac nhau: go, nha,
kim loai, gom s, tham ch a soi,..
* Pho bien nhat la mot so loai vat chem sau:
- Vong Raschig: s hoac kim loai, nha.
- Vat chem hnh yen nga: s
- Vat chem vong xoan
4) Kch thc vat chem can thoa man nhng ieu kien g? Tai sao?
Kch thc cua vat chem can phai thoa man nhng ieu kien
sau:
- Dien tch be mat rieng ln be mat tiep xuc pha ln.

o rong (hay the tch t do) ln giam tr lc cho pha kh.

ng knh vat chem phai thoa man ieu kien: = 15 8 . Tot

nhat la

1
giam hieu ng thanh. Hieu ng thanh la hien
10

tng chat long co xu hng chay t tam ra thanh TB, nen

kho phan phoi eu chat long theo chieu cao thap tiep
xuc 2 pha hieu suat truyen khoi. Hieu ng thanh thiet b
cang ln khi ng knh thiet b cang ln.
5) La chon vat chem can phai thoa man nhng ieu kien g?
- u o ben c hoc e co the lam viec vi tai trong ln cua
long va kh.
- Co tnh chu an mon cao.
- Tham t tot chat long.
- Tr lc thuy lc nho, the tch t do ln va dien tch be mat
rieng ln.
- Khoi lng rieng nho (e lam viec vi chat long ban nen
chon em cau co klr nho).
- Phan phoi eu chat long.
- Re tien, de kiem, on nh.
- Khong tac dung vi dong kh, vi dung dch, khong tng tac
hoa hoc vi moi trng.
- t oc hai vi ngi.
- Can at yeu cau ve giam hieu ng thanh thiet b.
6) Tai sao vong Raschig thng co ng knh bang chieu cao?
V khi h = d th trong 1m3 the tch se cha c nhieu phan t em
nhat be mat tiep xuc pha ln.
7) u va nhc iem cua vat chem bang s?
u va nhc iem cua vat chem bang s (so vi thep):
- u iem:
+ Co be mat rieng ln hn.
+ Cot hoat ong trong vung di iem gia trong.
+ Re tien, de kiem.
+ Ben vi moi trng, khong hap thu dung moi.
- Nhc iem:
+ o rong nho.
+ Khoi lng rieng xop ln.
+ Tr lc ln, chiem nhieu the tch, ma sat ln vi dong kh.
8) Trong th nghiem cac so lieu o c cung nh lu lng cac dong co
on nh khong? Tai sao?
Trong th nghiem nay cac so lieu o khong on nh v bm va
quat cung cap lu lng dong long va dong kh khong on nh.
9) Trong th nghiem co may iem can lu y? iem nao quan trong nhat?
Cac iem can lu y:
1) Trong qua trnh o o giam ap cua cot t, can canh gi mc
long ay cot on nh chieu cao ay bang cac ieu
chnh van 4. Neu can, tang cng van 2 e nc trong cot
thoat ve bnh cha (van 2 dung e xa nhanh khi giam lu lng
kh).

2) Khi tat may phai tat bm long B L trc, m toi a van 4 trc
sau o tat quat BX.
3) Neu s suat e nc tran vao ong dan kh th m van xa
nc pha tren bang.
Trong cac chu y tren, chu y th 1 quan trong nhat v se anh
hng rat ln en ket qua th nghiem.
10)
Tai sao phai duy tr mc long ay cot?
* Phan chat long ay cot e gii han khong gian cua chat kh
vao trong ong. Neu the tch cua chat long t, co ngha la the tch
cua chat kh nhieu, khi o chat kh vao nhieu hn , ap lc cua no
ln hn se ay manh vao chat long tren chay xuong lam no
chay ngc tr lai. Th nghiem luc nay khong con chnh xac na.
Neu mc chat long cao th khong kh t. Neu khong kh qua t se
khong thang c tr lc cua nc e len loi len tren c.
Do o ma mc chat long gi mc ay cot la hp ly.
* Neu kh vao t th gian n t, nen t sai so.
* Neu cot chat long di ngan qua th khi nc vao nhieu se
khong u e cha.
11)
Co may loai quat? Ke ten? Quat trong bai nay la quat g? Cao
ap hay thng?
Co hai loai quat thng c s dung trong cong nghiep o la:
quat ly tam va quat hng truc.
Phan loai
ac iem
Theo ap lc
-Quat lam viec ap suat
Tao c ap
thap (H < 100mmH2O)
lc dong kh
-Ap suat trung bnh
ln.
(H=100400 mmH2O)
-Ap suat cao (H > 400mmH2O)
Quat ly
tam

Theo he so
cao toc

-Quat cao toc (ns

>1500vong/phut)
-Quat van toc trung bnh (ns=
8001400 v/ph)
-Quat van toc cham(ns <
800v/ph)
Theo muc
Quat khoi lo; quat khong kh
ch s dung nong, lanh; quat hut bui
Quat thong gio trong cac x nghiep, cac
ng ham, cac lo tunen

Tao ap lc
nho.ng
dung e
chuyen mot
Quat
the tch kh
hng
tng oi
truc
ln trong
trng hp
ap suat
nho.
Trong bai th nghiem la quat ly tam (quat cao ap). S dung e
tang ap suat kh va ieu hoa dong lu lng kh.
12)
Tai sao phai nghien cu o th cua thap chem t iem gia
trong en iem lut?

Phai nghien cu o th cua thap chem t iem gia trong cho

en iem lut v: bat au t iem gia trong neu tiep tuc tang van
toc kh th anh hng ho tng gia dong long va dong kh rat ln,
Pc tang mau chong khong theo phng trnh : Pck = Gn. Khi o, neu
tang van toc kh len na th thap se chuyen sang lam viec che
o cuon theo chat long bi cuon ngc tr ra theo dong kh. V the,
ta phai nghien cu o th e gii han iem lam viec nam trong
khoang iem gia trong va iem lut. e an toan, co the gii han
iem lam viec di iem gia trong, nhng khong c nho qua, v
khi o hieu suat qua trnh se thap.
13)
Cong thc tnh van toc lam viec toi u trong thap chem?
0,125
0,25
ws2a K 0,16
L K

L = A 1,75

Toc o sac: lg 3
G l
g L

Van toc toi u cua thap chem: wk = (0,8 0,85)ws

14)
Cong thc tnh he so tr lc do ma sat trong thap chem cac
che o chay (Re) khac nhau?
3,8
Khi 50 < Rec < 7000: fck =
Re0c,2
Khi Rec < 50: fck =

35
Rec

15)
Cong thc tong quat tnh ton that ap suat trong thap chem?
Giai thch cac tha so trong cong thc va mc o anh hng cua
chung en o giam ap?
2fG2 Z
P = 2
G D e
* oi vi cot kho: f = fck
* oi vi cot t: f= fc = fck
- he so phu thuoc vao mc o xoi ti cua dong long L,
kg/m2.s
= 10L
Gia tr tuy thuoc vao loai, kch thc, cach thc sap xep vat
chem va o ln cua lu lng long L.
Mc o anh hng: P f, P G2,
p c
16)
Cong thc tnh moi quan he gia t so
vi he so xoi
p ck
ti cho vat chem bang s va kim loai trong trng hp d > 30mm (d:
ng knh vong chem)
* oi vi vong em bang s:
pc
1
=
Khi d > 30mm va A < 0,3:
pck (1 A )3
pc
1
=
Khi d > 30mm va A > 0,3:
pck (1,13 1,43A )3
pc
1
=
* oi vi vong em bang thep:
pck (1 1,39A )3
17)
Thap chem lam viec che o nao la tot nhat? Thc te co
the van hanh che o nay hay khong? Tai sao?

Thap chem lam viec tot nhat che o nhu tng. Nhng thc
te, rat kho e van hanh che o nay v: oan thang bieu dien
che o nay (BC, hnh 1) rat doc, chenh lech van toc kh rat nho
ch can s say mot chut la cot chem a chuyen sang lam viec
che o cuon theo chat long bi cuon ngc tr ra theo dong kh.