Energy Saving Guide - KETTHA

SURUHANJAYA TENAGA
(ENERGY COMMISSION)
No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Presint 2, 62100 Putrajaya
Tel : 03 8870 8500 Fax : 03 8888 8637
Toll Free Number : 1-800-2222-78 (ST)
Email : info@st.gov.my
www.st.gov.my
INTRODUCTION 2
What is energy efficiency?
2
Why do we need to use electricity efficiently?
2
YOUR MONTHLY ELECTRICITY BILL 3
Electricity consumption in your home
4
Cost of electrical appliances usage
4
Formula to calculate the cost of
using electrical appliances
5
Reducing your electricity bills
8
Auditing your home
8
BUYING EFFICIENT ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES 13
Energy labelling
15
Energy performance of electrical equipment
15
USING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT WISELY 17
Energy Saving Tips in:
The Kitchen
18
Refrigerator and Freezer
18
Kettle
20
Oven And Microwave Oven
21
Cooker Hoods
22
The Laundry And Bathroom
23
The Living Room
26
Home Entertainment
30
Computers
32
Lighting
34
C O N T E N T S
YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home 2
INTRODUCTION
Electricity is the main source of energy used at home. While you
benefit from using electrical appliances at home, you should use
electricity no more than is necessary. Using electricity efficiently not
only saves money but will also protect the environment. Protecting
the environment for future generations should be built into
everything we do today.
Do you want to have lower electricity bills and do your part for the
environment? Most homes are able to easily reduce 10% of their
electricity consumption without sacrificing comfort levels.
What is energy efficiency?
Energy (electricity) efficiency means using electricity wisely in order to
accomplish the same tasks whether at home or at the workplace.
Using energy efficiently also means paying less for electricity whilst
benefiting from its use!
Why do we need to use energy efficiently?
a) To save fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) which are:
depleting resources;
increasing in prices; and
emitting greenhouse gases and other dangerous gases that
have negative impact on human health and the environment
b) To preserve the environment, the only one that we have and need
to preserve for our future generation; and
c) To save on domestic electricity bills.
You should benefit from using
electrical appliances at home
whilst using electricity no more
than necessary
Efficient use of electricity
is our daily practice
*Kapten EE :
Mascot of Energy Efficiency
Campaign
Your
Electricity
Bill
Monthly
3
The energy cost savings for efficient
equipment, (which may be more
expensive) over their life cycle,
can be more than
the extra cost of purchase.
Electricity Consumption in Your Home
The kitchen is a good place to start as this is where the major part of
electricity needs at home is consumed which amounts to about 45%
as shown in Table 1.
An average family in a low or medium-cost house spends about RM80
to RM170 per month respectively for electricity bill while the bill in a
typical bungalow can exceed RM450 per month.
Cost of Electrical Appliance Usage
Many of us are unaware of the contribution of different appliances to
our monthly electricity bill. We can easily carry out our own energy
audit to manage our electricity consumption to save electricity usage.
Table 1 shows the average electricity consumption costs per month in
a low cost, medium cost and bungalow home for a family of five.
The electricity consumption cost per household depends very much on
family size, living habits, number and age of electrical appliances and
duration of use of each appliance.
You can calculate the approximate electricity cost of each different
appliance if you know these:
Source : CETREE, Your Guide to Energy Efficiency at Home, July 2003
Table 1 : Electricity Cost Per Month in Different Types of Houses
House Types Low Cost House Medium Cost House Bungalows
Cost / Percentage RM % RM % RM %
Kitchen 36 45 64.98 38 181.60 40
Living 24 30 54.72 32 177.06 39
Laundry / Bathroom 11.2 14 30.78 18 72.64 16
Others 8.8 11 20.52 12 22.7 5
TOTAL 80.00 100 171.00 100 454.00 100
5
i. Power rating of the appliance (usually found on a nameplate or
etched on the appliance) and its efficiency;
ii. Number of hours you use the appliance; and
iii. The electricity tariff in Ringgit Malaysia per kilowatt-hour
(RM/kWh).
The following formula is used to calculate the cost of using electrical
appliances:
Firstly, calculate the energy consumption in kWh
kWh = Power (in Watts) x Hours of operation
1000
Where:
kWh unit of measurement for electricity consumption
k 1000W = 1 kW
W Watt, the unit of measurement for the load
(i.e. how much power is drawn)
h hour, the unit for usage duration
Secondly, calculate the cost of energy
Energy Cost = Energy (kWh) x Electricity Tariff (RM/kWh)
The electricity
consumption cost per
household depends
very much on family
size, living habits,
number and age of
electrical appliances
and duration of use of
each appliance.
Example
A nominal 1 Horse power air conditioner (A/C) has an electrical load
of about 850 to 950 watt. The cost of using a 950 watt air-conditioner
unit for five (5) hours daily is derived as follows:
Firstly, calculate the energy consumption in kWh
kWh = 950 W x 5 h = 4.75 kWh
1000
Secondly, calculate the cost of energy per day (refer to Table 2 for
domestic electricity tariff)
Energy Cost = 4.75 kWh x RM 0.218 = RM 1.04
Assuming that the usage is constant, the cost for using the air-
conditioner for a month (assume 30 days) would be:
= RM 1.04 x 30 days = RM 31.20
Monthly electricity bills usually increase over time due to the
increased use of electricity. Increased consumption of electricity can
be caused by:
Additional or new appliances
Longer duration of usage of appliances.
During festival periods when additional decorative lightings and
other appliances are used.
Replacement of older, smaller appliances with larger units for a
growing family.
Faulty appliances e.g. a refrigerator with faulty thermostat,
shortage of refrigerant or defective door gasket will result in
having the refrigerator working continuously for longer period
thereby wasting electricity.
7
Source : Tenaga Nasional Berhad, 2008
Table 2 : Domestic Electrical Tariff
The primary method is
to analyse our
electricity usage and
assess where it can be
comfortably
controlled or used
more efficiently. You
can conduct your own
energy audit at home.
Tariff Category Unit Rates
1. Tariff A
Housing Tariff
For total use between 0-400kWh
First 200 kWh (1-200 kWh) per month sen/kWh 21.8
Subsequent 200 kWh (201-400 kWh) per month sen/kWh 34.5
Minimum charge per month is RM3.00
For total use exceeding 400kWh
First 500 kWh (1-500 kWh) per month sen/kWh 30.0
Every Subsequent kWh (901 kWh onwards) per month sen/kWh 46.0
Minimum charge per month sen/kWh RM3.00
THE KITCHEN
REFRIGERATOR AND FREEZER
Things to check What to do
1. Location The refrigerator should not be
located in at a warm place e.g.
area exposed to direct
sunlight, or near a cooker or
stove.
There has to be adequate
space above, behind and
around the refrigerator for
free air circulation
Tip on smart use of energy to save money at home
Reducing your electricity bills
There are opportunities to improve the efficiency of electricity usage
at home. Wise and efficient use can conserve energy, save money and
help to protect our environment. The primary method is to analyse
our electricity usage and assess where it can be comfortably
controlled or used more efficiently. You can conduct your own energy
audit at home.
Auditing your home
The checklist below helps to audit home energy use and find out
where energy is wasted as listed in Table 3. Please refer to Table 11 at
the back of the book to help you audit your home energy usage.
Table 12 is also attached for your reference.
Table 3 : Energy Saving Tips for Household Electrical Appliances
2. Refrigerator Check temperature of the
Temperature Settings freezer:
a the temperature of the
fridge should be set
according to the contents of
the fridge
a ideal operating
temperature is - 18C
a adjust control thermostat
accordingly.
Check temperature of
refrigerator compartment:
a ideal refrigerator
temperature is 5C at the
coldest part
a adjust the thermostat
accordingly
3. Door gaskets Check the door gasket is in
good condition by:
a closing the door on a sheet
of paper
a replace door gasket or
adjust the alignment of the
refrigerator / freezer if the
sheet of paper is easily
removed
4. Frost build-up If the refrigerator is not a
frost-free model:
a check for frost in the
freezer compartment
a do not let frost thickness
exceed 6 mm
a switch off to defrost and
remove excess water before
restarting
9
Your Guide To Energy Efficiency At Home
5. Loading Check on food arrangement,
allow spaces between food
items to ensure free air
circulation
6. Condenser Check the condenser coils to
ensure they are clean to
maintain the efficiency of the
refrigerator
ELECTRIC/MICROWAVE OVEN
1. Oven door gasket Inspect regularly the door
gasket for signs of wear and
tear
Check for defects in the hinges
of the oven door.
If any fault on gasket or hinges
is detected, call an authorized
person to repair/replace the
device.
AIR-CONDITIONERS
1. Installation Make sure air conditioner is
installed away from direct sun
rays.
Ensure that the air conditioner
is of the correct size for the
room (Please refer to Table 6)
11

2. Operating Temperature Check and adjust the
thermostat to give comfortable
temperature - normally
comfortable temperature is
between 24C and 26C
3. Maintenance Clean air filter to optimize
(is recommended to be operation.
carried out by authorised
person) Clean the outside
coil fins twice a year.
Clean the blower unit coils at
least once a year.
Check and adjust the
thermostat to give a
comfortable temperature.
Check the level of system
refrigerant once a year.
HOME ENTERTAINMENT
1. Television, personal Ensure that the television,
computer and radio personal computer and stereo
are switched off at the plug
when not in operation
(Standby mode will consume
electricity).
Make sure that the energy
saver function of the computer
is activated when left idle in
between activities.
LIGHTING
1. Lights Check that the lights used are
the energy efficient (EE) type,
e.g. use fluorescent lights, or
Energy Saving Lamps
(Compact fluorescent lamps
CFLs) instead of incandescent
lamps.
Switch off lights when not
required.
Buying
Appliances
Efficient
Electrical
When buying electrical appliances it is
important to choose the right size.
Refrigerators, air conditioning equipment,
water heaters, televisions, and vacuum
cleaners come in various sizes. Larger size
equipment consume more energy.
13
Type Life (hrs, Light Output Purchase Energy Total Savings
each) Lumens/Watt Cost (RM) Cost (RM) Cost (RM) (RM)
Energy Saving
Lamps (CFL) 6,000 65 15.00 31.80 46.80 68.84
- 18 W
Incandescent
- 60 W 1,000 18 12.00 103.64 115.64 -
Table 4 : Cost saving comparison of CFL vs. incandescent lamp
The cost of electricity used by an appliance over its working life often
exceeds the purchase price of the appliance. Hence when purchasing
an equipment one should consider the total cost of owning the
equipment.
The energy cost savings for efficient equipment, (which may be more
expensive) over their life cycle, can be more than the extra cost of
purchase. Table 4 shows the cost comparison for lights.
The comparison shows that the energy efficient lamp (CFL) can save
about RM68.84 over its life time compared with the cheaper
incandescent lamps.
Similar comparisons can be
made for other equipment.
It is important that
equipment is selected on
the basis of total cost of
purchasing and operation
cost for the equipment so
as to get the best value-
for-money
15
Similar comparisons can be made for other equipment. It is important
that equipment is selected on the basis of total cost of purchasing
and operation cost for the equipment so as to get the best value-for-
money.
Energy Labelling
When buying electrical equipment, look for energy labels. Energy
label shows energy efficiency rating of equipment and helps to make
wise choice when buying the equipment.
In Malaysia, the energy labelling system for refrigerator has been
established under the supervision of the Energy Commission with
cooperation from SIRIM since 2006.
Energy Performances of Electrical Equipment
The energy performance of some electrical equipment can be checked
at the nameplate. Air conditioners have Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER).
EER indicates the conversion efficiency of the equipment; the higher
the value, the more efficient the appliance is. EER for an air
conditioner denotes the ratio of the cooling capacity to the power
input (watt).
When buying electrical appliances it is important to choose the right
capacity. Refrigerators, air conditioning equipment, water heaters,
televisions, and vacuum cleaners come in various capacities. Larger
capacity consumes more energy.
Example:
When buying an air conditioner, look for the EER value of the unit.
One horsepower (hp) air conditioner should have a minimum EER
value of 8. The air conditioner capacity is usually stated in BTU/hour.
The higher the value, the more efficient the unit is.
Table 5 : Imported equipment may have the following labels
The energy labelling will give the energy consumption performance
of the equipment and will help in making purchasing decisions.
USA Energy Star Labels (more
stars mean less energy
use)
Thailand Star Rating (more stars
mean lower energy
consumption)
UK Energy Star Rating
(coloured code A-G. A
means the most efficienct
and G the least
efficient)
Australia Energy Star Rating (the
more the stars, the lower
the energy consumption)
17
Using
Wisely
Equipment
Electrical
When buying electrical appliances it is
important to choose the right capacity.
Refrigerators, air conditioning
equipment, water heaters, televisions,
and vacuum cleaners come in various
capacities. Larger capacity consumes
more energy.
ENERGY SAVING TIPS
THE KITCHEN
The kitchen always uses a substantial amount (of about 40%) of the
electricity in the home. If you live in a medium cost house, you can
save about 10% of electricity or RM78 per year by using energy
efficient electrical appliances in your kitchen.
REFRIGERATOR AND FREEZER
Both equipments are normally used throughout the year and are
considered the most expensive items to run in the kitchen. Therefore
they have high energy saving potential.
The reduced energy bill for a new energy efficient refrigerator or
freezer would usually compensate the cost of replacement of an old
and inefficient one.
A. Purchasing Guide
Refrigerator
Choose the right capacity of the refrigerator to suit your family
needs. A 550W refrigerator would cost about RM 22.50 per
month to run thus, it is best to avoid buying oversized
appliances.
Remember to check for Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of the
refrigerator. The nameplate data will give the wattage of the
equipment.
Look for Energy Labeling of the refrigerator. In Malaysia, the
energy label for refrigerator has been established under the
supervision of the Energy Commission with cooperation from
SIRIM since 2006.
Freezer
An upright freezer uses more energy compared to a chest freezer. On
average the electricity bill for a chest freezer will be about RM10 per
month compared to RM14 per month for an upright freezer.
19
B. Installation guide
Refrigerators/freezers give off heat when they operate to cool their
contents. This heat will cause the appliance to work for a longer
period or become overheated and shorten its lifespan. Therefore, it
will consume more electricity and wear out quicker. Precautions to
take note of when installing a refrigerator/freezer:
The refrigerator should not be placed in a very warm place e.g.
area exposed to direct sunlight or near a cooker.
There should be adequate space above, behind and around the
sides of the refrigerator for free air circulation.
C. Operating and Maintenance Guide
Refrigerator
When you are going away for a holiday, empty and clean the
refrigerator. Switch it off and leave its door open.
Keep the condenser coils at the rear of the refrigerator clean.
Dust and dirt on the condenser coils will reduce the working
efficiency of the refrigerator.
Allow space around food stored in the refrigerator to permit
free air circulation. Leave hot food to cool down naturally
before storing in the refrigerator.
Avoid opening refrigerator frequently. Do not leave door open
for a long time.
The reduced energy
bill for a new energy
efficient refrigerator
or freezer would
usually compensate
the cost of
replacement of an
old inefficient one.
Cooker hoods dont cost much to
run, but they will extract heated
or cooled air out of your house
quickly. Turn them off as soon as
the job is done.
Freezer
Use vapour-proof, air tight wraps and containers when packing
food for freezing to ensure food is not dehydrated.
Decide on what you need to keep or remove from freezer
before opening the door, repeated opening of the door wastes
energy.
Defrost the freezer when there is a 6 mm (1/4 inch) frost build-
up.
Energy Saving Tip
If the temperature of the freezer is correctly adjusted to -18C, a
saving of 60kWh per year equivalent to RM13 per year can be
obtained.
KETTLE
Electric kettle is a cost-saving equipment. It uses less electricity
compared to boiling water in a traditional kettle on an electric
hotplate. In an electric kettle, the heating element is placed directly
in the water to be boiled and heat loss is thus avoided. The heating
element must be regularly cleaned to reduce electricity
comsumption.
Other option:
Use a gas stove to boil water. This is much cheaper and more energy-
efficient. Heat source from the gas stove is directly used to boil water
instead of the double stage of using gas to generate electricity and
then using electricity to boil water. You will definitely save money
since gas is cheaper than electricity
21
Purchasing Guide
Choose an appropriate electric kettle size for your use. The bigger the
size the longer it takes to boil water. Therefore, the electricity
consumption is higher.
OVEN AND MICROWAVE OVEN
The traditional oven is a heavy energy consumer, so it has to be
utilized in the best possible way. Alternatively you should consider a
microwave oven if it can fulfill your cooking requirements. It is
efficient, simple to operate and an energy saver.
A. Purchasing Guide
Microwave ovens use less energy and cook faster than
conventional electric ovens. They are also useful for heating (or
re-heating) food quickly and can save up to 10-25%.
A microwave oven saves up to 75% of energy for cooking
compared to a conventional electric oven because of its lower
power demand and quicker cooking time.
B. Operating and Maintenance Guide
Oven
Preheating of oven is normally not necessary and the oven can
be switched off 5 to 10 minutes before the normal cooking time
limit to use the retained heat of the oven. This can save 10-25%
electricity required for the cooking.
The oven door should be kept closed. If inspection is required,
peek through the oven window.
Thaw frozen food before cooking. This will save energy which
otherwise would be needed to thaw food in the oven (and may
not cook evenly).
Plan oven meals and cook several dishes at one time, if possible.
By doing this approximately 60% electricity can be saved.
Microwave Ovens
Avoid operating the oven when it is empty as this can damage
the magnetron.
Avoid using metallic containers in the microwave oven.
Food in a microwave oven continues to cook or heat up even
after the oven is switched off.
COOKER HOODS
Cooker hoods dont cost much to run, but they will extract heated or
cooled air out of your house quickly. Turn them off as soon as the job
is done.
Choose energy efficient cooker hoods (by looking for energy label)
because it can reduce electricity bill. Efficient cooker hood that uses
high performance motor will save energy and lasts longer.
23
LAUNDRY AND BATHROOM
Electrical appliances in the laundry and bathroom can cost up to RM
400 per year. You can save money by using them according to the
recommended operation and maintenance guide.
Water Heater
There are two types of electric water heaters.
Instant water heaters heat water as it is used, while storage
water heaters (less commonly used), store heated water for
later use; and
The storage type of heaters tend to waste energy as they
attempt to keep the stored water hot all the time, even when
the water is not used.
A. Purchasing Guide
Choose an instant water heater because it consumes less energy
than storage water heater.
Should a storage hot water system be needed, select the correct
size.
A water heater with a storage capacity of 23-27 litres is
sufficient for a family of 4-5 members.
Switch off the heater after use (but use its stored water
capacity), to save on its energy consumption.
Solar storage water heaters do not consume electrical energy.
However, they are relatively expensive.
B. Installation Guide
Always install hot water system according to the
manufacturers instructions.
For maximum efficiency, the hot water system should
be installed as close as possible to the point of most
frequent use (especially for the storage type).
Fit a low flow fitting that can reduce water
consumption by up to 70%.
Encourage quick showers instead of baths. Less hot
water is used in a shower.
Bathroom Tips:
Install a quality, low flow showerhead.
Insert a plug into the basin to avoid hot water running down
the drain.
Fix dripping taps quickly.
Turn off all appliances at the power point.
Use the hair dryer on the low heat setting.
Dry hair with towel before using the hair dryer.
Washing Machine
Washing machine is a common household appliance, which is used to
alleviate house chores. The following provides purchasing and
operational and maintenance guide for efficient use of energy.
A. Purchasing Guide
Select a washing machine that is the right size and has the
appropriate features to suit your familys needs.
Top loading automatic washing machine consumes less energy
than the front loading automatic machine.
Iron large batches of clothing
at the same time to avoid
wasting energy in reheating.
25
B. Operational and Maintenance Guide
It is a waste of electricity and water to use the washing machine just
to wash a pair of trousers or a few shirts. Gather the laundry, so that
the machine can be filled up. The electricity consumption is almost
the same for full or part load washing.
Washing machines use relatively the same amount of energy
regardless of the size of the laundry load. Run full loads
whenever possible.
Do not overload the washing machine.
Choose the correct wash cycle.
Avoid using the pre-wash programme.
Use optimum temperature setting. Avoid hot washing cycle, if
possible.
Energy Saving Tip
One full load wash will cost RM 0.18.
Cost per week for partial load in a daily wash is
RM 0.18 x 7 = RM 1.26
Washing 3 times a week on full load will save about RM 37 per year.
Iron
An electric iron can be an energy guzzler if it is not used optimally
as it usually has a demand load of 1000 Watts.
Tip on smart use of energy to save money at home
A. Purchasing Guide
Steam iron consumes more energy than dry iron.
A lighter iron will heat up quicker and uses less energy while a
heavy iron takes a long time to heat up before it can be used.
Iron low temperature fabrics first to reduce the warm-up time
and switch the iron off before finishing the last garment.
Iron large batches of clothing at the same time to avoid wasting
energy in reheating. Remember an iron takes energy to heat up
and this energy is wasted if the iron is used for frequent ironing
of a few items at a time.
Turn the iron off if interrupted.
Fold washed items carefully to avoid the need for ironing where
possible.
THE LIVING ROOM
According to Table 6, many families spend RM300 per year on
electricity in the living area where a 10% savings would mean RM30
savings in a year.
Air Conditioners
Home air conditioning which was once a luxury is now becoming a
necessity or an affordable convenience to the middle income
population as air conditioners become cheaper and more energy-
efficient.
27
The cheaper window type air conditioners are now losing out to the
split type, which have the advantage of separating the compressor
from the cooling unit thus reducing the noise level in the cooled
room.
The lower energy costs of the more efficient new air conditioners can
often justify replacement even if existing ones are still in good
condition.
A. Purchasing Guide
Choose the correct size of the air conditioning unit that you
require. Table 6 is a guide for the suitable unit size for air
conditioner according to room size.
Look for the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of the air conditioner.
EER for 1 hp unit ranges from 8 to 10. The higher the EER, the
more efficient is the unit. The air conditioner output is usually
stated in BTU/hour (1 hp is about 9200 BTU/hr).
Table 6 : Guide for Appropriate Air Conditioning and Room Size
Room Size Air Conditioner Unit Size (Hp)
12 x 12 feet <1
14 x 14 feet 1-1.5
14 x 16 feet 1.5
15 x 16 feet 1.5-2.0
18 x 18 feet 2.0-2.5
21 x 21 feet 2.5-3.0
Check the energy star rating of the unit. More stars indicate
that the air conditioner is more efficient (up to a maximum of
6).
Check the airflow rate, (normally in cubic feet per minute, or
cfm); the higher the rate (between 200-300 cfm for a 1 hp unit)
the faster the cooling and the better the air circulation is.
B. Installation Guide
For a split unit, the compressor is best located under a shade to avoid
the heating effect of direct sunlight on the unit and should have
adequate air circulation around it.
Do not block air conditioner vents with drapes or furniture
Keep windows and outside doors closed to keep minimization
the cool air inside.
Roof, or ceiling insulation, and air leaks from under doors and
through windows can help to reduce the cooling energy
consumption.
Stopping air leakages will help keep out the hot humid air, or
reduce outflow of cool air, and thus reduce air conditioning
load.
Glaze your window with heat reflective glass glazing that has
selective reflective coatings where heat is reflected but light is
allowed in.
Insulation and glazing can reduce your cooling bill by up to
40%.
Regular maintenance will prolong the life of the equipment and
help save energy.
When you expect a hot day, turn on the air conditioner early
rather than wait until your home becomes too hot.
29
On a hot day close your curtains and blinds. This helps to keep
the heat away.
Regular maintenance of air conditioner including cleaning of
the air conditioner and air filters as well as heat exchanger coils
is necessary to get the best performance out of the air
conditioner.
Landscaping trees and shrubs next to the house help in
reducing the cooling load.
Shade screens, glass tints, and window/wall awnings are
another way of cutting down on heat gain.
Fans
Fans are cheap but reliable and seldom replaced Technology has
made new fans more energy efficient.
The lower energy costs of the more efficient fans can often justify
replacement even if existing ones are still in good service conditions.
A. Purchasing Guide
Check the Co-efficient of Performance (COP) described in m3/min/W
for the fans.
The COP range is as follows
An 80W fan would cost about RM 7 per month
to operate. It is important to select energy
efficient fans to reduce operating costs as they
normally operate for long hours everyday of
up to 12 hours a day.
Table 7 : Average COP for type of fan
Type of Fan Diameter and COP
Ceiling fans 48-60 inches diameter 3.5 m
3
/min/W
Stand, table and wall fans 10-16 inches diameter 1.0 m
3
/min/W
Box fans 10-14 inches diameter 0.5 m
3
/min/W
Ensure that the fan is not blocked at its rear as the resistance to
the air flow will either reduce its performance or make it
operate in an overload condition.
Switch off fans if not needed. Automatic switches such as
occupancy sensor switches may be helpful as they will avoid
energy wastage.
Fans will only circulate air and should hence be operated in
conjunction with adequate ventilation so that cooler outside air
can provide for a reasonably comfortable environment
HOME ENTERTAINMENT
Red and green bulbs or blinking digits/figures on a display are tell tale
signs of electricity wastage. You can see these on televisions, video
players, stereo sets, computers, microwave ovens, etc. It is expensive
to have all these electrical appliances switched on but left in standby
mode.
The electricity consumption for such standby modes can easily run up
to 100 kWh equivalent to RM22 per year. Switch off the appliances
when you are not using them.
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A. Purchasing Guide
Home entertainment equipment is quite energy-efficient but
different manufacturers may still have different power requirements
for similar appliances. Equipment graded under Energy Star or
similar standards is efficient and should be selected where available.
Television, Video Player, Radio and Stereo
Keep the lights low when watching television or video.
Switch off the television, radio, etc when not in use.
Avoid leaving the equipment on standby or left connected to
the electricity supply e.g. on standby mode.
Table 8 : Electricity Consumption When the Home Entertainment is in Standby Mode
Equipment Standby power (Watt) Annual electricity (kWh)
Stereo 1-25 7-185
TV-15 inch 3-9 21-65
TV-28 inch 0.1-14 1-100
Video 1-17 9-149
Equipment graded
under Energy Star
or similar standards is
efficient and should
be selected where
available.
COMPUTERS
A. Purchasing Guide
Purchase a computer that has an energy star label. The bigger
the number of stars, the more efficient is the computer with
regard to energy consumption.
Check that the computer has a sleep mode.
Flat screen monitors are far more efficient than conventional
types (using cathode ray tubes).
Lap-top, or note-book computers, consume much less energy
(less than 30%) of desk top PCs.
Avoid leaving the computer on standby mode. Table 9 shows
the energy usage of a computer when it is on standby mode.
33
Conditions of computer operations:
Off : The computer is switched off at the contact breaker
on the computer, but not at the plug.
Sleep mode : The computer is almost switched off both the
processor and the monitor can have a load of 1 30
W.
Screen saver : Is used to protect the monitor. It is in a waiting
position with a picture and it does not save much
electricity.
Table 9 : Computer Loads Under Various Conditions
Computer Off Sleep mode Screen Saver Busy
Processor 3W 10W 20W 25W
Monitor 3W 10W 80W 90W
Total 6W 20W 105W 115W
Item Watts Operating Unit Cost Daily Usage/Min RM/Month
Lights 400 015 sen/min 300.00 13.80
Table 10 : Electricity Consumption for Lighting
LIGHTING
Lighting accounts for only around 10% or less of your electricity bill.
However, you can do several things to reduce this cost by choosing the
energy saving bulbs and act energy-minded. Refer to table 10 below,
a 400W of lamp that is used for 2-3 hours/day will cost RM13.80 in a
month.
Types of Lamps
1. Incandescent lamps
Generate a high amount of heat and are typically used with a rating
of 60W. They are an inefficient artificial light source and their light
intensity efficiency is about 18 lumens/Watt.
2. Fluorescent lamps
Generate bright light and are most often used with a rating of 36W.
These lamps come together with ballasts, normally rated at 8W loss,
although low loss ballasts (up to 6 W) or high frequency electronic
ballasts (nominally less than 2 W) are also available.
3. Compact fluorescent lamps
Compact fluorescent lamps with power consumption of 11W have
equivalent bright light comparable to 60W incandescent lamps. Light
intensity efficiency of compact fluorescent lamps is about 60
lumens/Watt.
35
These lamps are fairly expensive, but they last up to 8 times longer
than incandescent lamps and use only about 20% of the energy to
emit the same amount of light.
A. Purchasing Guide
Shop for energy saving bulbs and lamps which can save up to
80% in lighting energy costs.
Choose energy saving lamps such as compact fluorescent
lamps (CFLs). Even though they are more expensive to
purchase, they save considerably more due to their lower
energy consumption.
Ordinary fluorescent lamps give about two times the light of an
incandescent bulb.
Where possible, use photo-electric switches or timers or dimmer
controls to save energy further.
Dust/clean your light bulbs and lamp shades once every 1 or 2 months.
Keeping them clean increases the amount of light emitted.
Bedroom
Use a ceiling mounted diffused light with a dimmer for general
lighting.
Use bedside table lamps for reading.
Make use of natural light. Place your work tables near window
where possible.
Living Room
Use dimmer switches to turn lights down to low.
Make sure there is no light reflection on TV screen to ensure
comfort.
Switch off the light when not in use.
Kitchen
Make sure the work area is suitably lit.
Install lighting directly above the work area.
Install a doorway switched light for the pantry.
Bathroom And Storeroom
Place a light above the mirror.
Install a ceiling light for the larger bathroom.
Install low wattage lamp for passage ways and storerooms.
SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION)
No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Presint 2
62100 Putrajaya
Tel : 03 8870 8500
Fax : 03 8888 8637
Toll Free Number : 1-800-2222-78 (ST)
Email : info@st.gov.my
www.st.gov.my
CETREE - Center for Education and Training in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Week Meter Weekly Electricity Rate Estimated cost
No. Reading Consumption
(Difference)
1 17850
2 17950 100 200kWh = RM0.218 100 kWj x RM0.218 =
RM21.80
3 18150 200 Next 200kWh = (100kWj x RM0.218) +
RM0.345 (100kWj x RM0.345) =
RM56.30
Bill amount for 3 weeks
RM56.30 + RM RM21.8 = RM78.1
Week Meter Weekly Electricity Rate Estimated Cost
No. Reading Consumption
(Difference)
Table 11
Example to monitor electricity consumption at home :
Table 12

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