Or IX 197222

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

H   
 ,   TT101/14662
  ,
  (18.10.2008)

d c

. fr. 912


      
 "   "   "   "
  (timrl siphi).   
(ktib/il yazcs),  "  &    ,    &  "   "  : "
(hne)1,    (mcerred)2  (bive)3.  -

 " A. K . . . "       &  "

&   &   ". 
 " & " 2005 
"   R oyal H olloway, U niversity of London
 "  U niversity of London Central R esearch Fund R oyal H istorical
Society.
1.   ,   
 ,   &  &  "
, " "  3.57, . B. McG owan, A rchivum O ttomanicum 1(1969)157163.
2.   &   1215 , G. D vid, AO rientH ung
31(1977)347357.
3. B. Cvetkova "   " & 
" "  ", . A rchivum O ttomanicum 8(1983)134.

198

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

  " (nhiyyet) " (k arye),

"   "  & 
 .   
  & &    
     ". "     
(tahrir defteri/defter-i hkni), "  & :  (icml)
 (mufassal).
  &  " 
"  &   
 & " ", ", 
"  4. &   
    "      
 " & .   
 " " ",    ,
  , ,      
&  5. "   "
  & " "  
 "  ".
&       ,  "
 ,         (defter-i liv- Mora), 101/14662.    &  
  B  (14441446, 14511481) 14606.
4.    (defterology)  &    . H . Lowry, 318.
5.   "   
101/14662 . N. Beldiceanu I. Beldiceanu-Steinherr, Sdost-Forschungen 39(1980)2437
45(1986)3940D J. C. A lexander, A rab H istorical R eview for O ttoman Studies 1920 (O ct . 1999)63.
6.  B ,    1458  3.000 
"/     ,  1460 "   " "    . " & & , ,
", G ",   
. " 1460 &  &, 
kpaazde, . Chalcocondyles, 227.4237.2D Critobulus, 142.16150.28D kpaazde, 141144.
. " . . ,  15(1984)153160.

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

199

    101/14662

   , 284 ",   & ,   " & (TT10)   ", G &  (1/14662) 7.   
. & " " " , , ",  ,  , " &   (knnnme)  .   " (" : tevki, ",
 &) "      .     
Sinn Beg bin Elvn Beg8, ", &  , 
  & 146014639.   G, 
  1463,    
, ,   Stefano Magno 10, " " 
& 1463,    
&, "   14601463, "  &    "11.
  101/14662 & 17 ":
1. Kalavrita (, NA L, . ").
2. Mizisre (, "D    "/)   "  Ali veled-i Cyim
&).
7.     " 1930,    & "   & & " &   Knjazevo Kostenec ". R 
 " & 1931  "  
  &   Sirkeci  
    "  &  ".   " & , 
    ,   "  ". 
"     G & , .
S. Parveva 2001, 12D P. Wittek, Byzantion 13(1938)692693.
8. TT 10, 76.
9. kpaazde, 144.13D kpaazde, AH 1337, 151152D M. Neri, 1995, 734735D I. Kemal
195457, . 1, 16615, . 2, 162D H adidi 1991, 248.3548D T. Bey 1977, 131D " 1978, 113b 1.
    Sinn Beg " 
 . I. Kemal 195457 . 1, 25622589, . 2, 245247.
10. C. H opf 1873, 202.
11.     . G. C. Liakopoulos
2009, 3542.

200

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Mihlu (", K. ").

Bejenik ("/, ").
Votie ("/", BA L).
H ulumi (&, ").
Vumero (&, . ", L).
Kirvukor (/" D 
  Crvecur  ", ", ").
A rkadya (/", ").
Londar (, ", ").
Korisos (, ", ").
Balya Badra (, L).
Kalandria (", . L).
Sandamiri (, L).
G irbene (/), L)
Ayo lya (G ", ").
G ardicko (    , " , KN
L, ").

 14601463

  "  ,   
101/14662   &  ,
     .  
 "   &  &
&,  "    .
&    1.189.112 
 " 27.980  . U  " ,
  , R   "
asper.     " 
  "  14601461 "
 0.952. "   4243:112.
R " "    " " " "  & &
. "  "  
12. . .  1996, 95114D N. Beldiceanu I. Beldiceanu-Steinherr, . ., 21D N. Beldiceanu
1960, 173. . " S. Sreckovic 2000, 2728, 61 (. 9799)D S. Jem (B. H olberton) 1977, 7879 (.
713721), . 2, . 58.  "  . . . ,
15(1996)77100.

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

201

        &   . V
 "  & 
(13481380)  "  D      13.    13941395,   B 
  10.000 & " "  &  14, 14171418,  & 
  "  ". X  
   " &  , ", & ,   
   .  
      , 
    "     (ispence) 15,  "
        & & . " &

13. .  1987, 8182. .  "    , " , & .  . &, . D. A . Z akythinos

1975, 101105D . . ,  1(1896)166D . . &, " &
" 3(1950)4950. &  &, "   &    1337,  " " D.
Nicol, . Th. Spandounes 1997, 1819, 81.
14.    & 25 " 1394 4 " 1395,  &  Neri A cciaiuoli,     "
"  &,  " .
   ,  ,  , "
    & "  "
 Pierre Lebourd de Saint Supran 4 " 1395,   
 & " " , M. Palaeologus, Funeral O ration on his
B rother T heodore, J. Chrysostomides (ed.), CFH B 1985, 120 (. 41).
15.  "      & (cizye harc).       
   ,  &  &
 "  . U "    B,
  &      
/.    . "  
"  resm-i ift  "     & (ift)
.     . H . nalck, Belleten
23/92(1959)575610.  "  . H . nalck, E ncyclopaedia of Islam,
s.v. R esm , . 8, 486487.

202

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

 20 /"   25  
 ". TT101/14662         (ez cemat- Arnavudn). &   (14541455)16 & (1474)17 &   , ,  &
&, " "  ". 
" " " -      
" , A lain D ucelier  mobilit acquise nomadisme de misre18 " & ".
" ,  &    &, "   & 
  ",  . 
, " ",   &  "
,     
" 7.103   4.900 .     , 80 (15141515), " "  " &  R,  
" "   &    .


  " & ", &   : ()  & 

, " "   (r-i bgt) "
1/10   ()  hssa , " &
   , & 
 "19. &    "
 B (14811512),    " 25%    20.  , -

16. M. Delilba M. Arikan 2001.

17. E . Balta 1989.
18. A . D ucellier, ByzF 7(1979)35.
19. hssa " &    
   ,  " " &  " , . . " 1990, 99107.
20. Paris, Bibliothque Nationale, fonds turc anc. MS. 35, fol. 42v,   N.
Beldiceanu I. Beldiceanu-Steinherr, . . (. 5), 31.

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

203

   dnm ,  
" ,  919.3m 2.      " (". 1,  1), &   " 40.121 / & 
& 30.299 /. ",  ,  " , " " " (1.976 /), " (5.281 /) " (7.076 /).
 1 &     , " "    &.
 , &  , R
 234.855,66  (96.46% "   ) " 8.630.34  (3.54%). 
 &  &  ( 2),    
   60.47      ,
&   51.61 /  50.99 /. "     19.55       ".
  " "  & 
 , R.
U   ,  &   hssa , " 
 - ( 3).  "  
"  L, "   
684.57 / "   & 589.86
/. "    
" " (300 /), " (308 /) " (330.88 /). U, & 
   hssa , "  & ,   " hssa
 "  " 558.8 /   
 " " 480.68 479.16 / " ( 4).     
  ,  " 
 ": "  "  & 
21.      & 

21.    A" & "  .

 .    " .

204

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

&, " & & ,       ".    "  & "  ,     .  " "  "   , "
 "   . &
      
  .
 "  
 &    "
(istafide ), "   & G " 22
 23 "  550 20  " ".    ", 
 &     , "
    24.


 "  "  &   16.283  ".  " & (resm-i hamr )

 " 1/10 .     &   2.940   &  "  (2.606 /) "
(2.285 /) (". 2,  5).    
" " (80 /)  (100 /).
U ,    "  . "      &  ,  " 
" 5.08   4.59  " ( 6). "    " " " " 0.97 1.53       ".
    "   , " "     
5.97   R "  5.04 

22. 10, 170.

23. 10, 172.
24.  "  . J. C. Wright et al., H esperia
59(1990)599600D   " . . ,   1(1957)1014.

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

205

. " &,  "     ,  & ".

"   " 14601463 
   & 362.530  (30.49%), &
     282.991  (23.78%)
"  243.486  (20.78%).       ,  & " "  
49.57% "  , &    33.29% "  & 7.66%.     &  " "  &     &:  380   200  
,  15.720 8.543,   40.182
28.550,  19.112 16.331 " " "
24.639 20.600  ( 7).


    , "
   &,  & ,
  Fernand Braudel 25, " 
  .  "   0.92% "  .        & "  ",   ",   
 &   26. "  , " &
&,  "   ",   & "     ". " "  " 
(ar- eriyye)   ". " 
   / 

25. F. Braudel 1993, 289.

26. U   "  . & -, ",  " ", &
         ".

206

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

  . "  
   " &
&   .  &  & ,   ,  " ,   "   " & 
,   &27.    "   "   .    
 (97.66% & ) 
(88.31%) "  . ", ",    "   
 24.08% &  
4.02%  &.    "       
  (  20%,  ")    & ,  &-&
 "  28.

27. . . 1988, 1617.

28. Chalcocondyles, H istoriarum . 2, 170.1112: d b e ,
d c c D .  1926, 194.2529: d
-

d a e \A, d e a e d , , , , ,
, d . b e e e .      
 . E . L. Vranoussi 1998, 293305.

"

hssa

"

dnm

" 

" 

/dnm

/

()

/ E

/ A

 

( .)

3000

12000

23

521,74

5223

8223

300

1200

240

80

380

"

1320

5280

11

480

656

"

2340

9360

22

425,45

"

4182

16728

39

428,92

" 

()

()

( . .)

( . .)

13,03 (631) (71,46%)

18,07 (421) (93,35%)

42,22 (9) (100%)

42,22 (9) (100%)

2,93 (210) (48,61%)

1976

24,09 (82) (29,39%)

24,09 (82) (100%)

4736

7076

31,45 (225) (51,49%)

31,45 (225) (94,94%)

18584

22766

15,84 (1437) (88,70%)

16 (1366) (99,63%)

12,80 (71) (28,51%)

&

1440

5760

12

480

10704

12144

48,19 (252) (49,22%)

49,86 (241) (79,02%)

11,64 (11) (5,31%)

&

9364

37456

63,5

589,86

20935

30299

29,13 (1040) (71,92%)

35,33 (803) (99,63%)

8,13 (237) (37,03%)

/
"


3694

14776

28

527,71

10354

14048

23,55 (596) (47,64%)

28,91 (472) (92,73%)

3,22 (124) (16,71%)

11088

44352

128,5

345,15

4632

15720

60,47 (242) (85,53%)

63,56 (235) (96,31%)

31,32 (25) (41,66%)

11250

45000

136

330,88

28932

40182

50,99 (788) (62%)

50,99 (788) (100%)

1800

7200

21

342,86

11993

13793

20,80 (663) (83,82%)

21,14 (635) (100%)

13,14 (28) (17,95%)

1408

5632

15

375,47

17704

19112

34,62 (552) (80,70%)

37,21 (497) (98,80%)

11,22 (55) (30,39%)

"

1500

6000

20

300

3781

5281

36,17 (146) (57,94%)

39,45 (131) (100%)

7,53 (15) (12,40%)

3542

14168

46

308

4612

8154

51,61 (158) (61,48%)

51,61 (158) (100%)

2734

10936

28

390,57

5242

7976

19,55 (408) (65,18%)

34,34 (183) (100%)

7,52 (225) (50,79%)

G "

66420

125

531,36

8034

24639

50,08 (492) (72,46%)

50,70 (480) (100%)

25,33 (12) (6,03%)

4792

19168

28

684,57

6925

11717

29,59 (396) (56,41%)

51,88 (211) (100%)

4,17 (185) (37,68%)

&

80359

321436

751

428,01

163127

243486

30 (8117) (67,62%)

33,85 (6937) (97,66%)

7,31 (1180) (24,08%)

207

16605

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

" 1.   (14601463)

208

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

" 2.   (14601463)
"

" 

" 

&

&

&

" 
&

/

/ E

/ A

()

()

()

( .)

( . .)

( . .)

1,60 (314) (69,62%)

1,56 (23) (5,32%)

539

1,60 (337) (38,16%)

"

80

0,97 (82) (29,39%)

0,97 (82) (100%)

600

2,67 (225) (51,49%)

2,67 (225) (94,94%)

2285

1,81 (1260) (77,78%)

1,81 (1260) (91,90%)

"
"
&

4,59 (152) (29,69%)

4,59 (152) (49,84%)

1597

2,05 (777) (53,73)

2,09 (747) (92,68%)

1085

2,30 (472) (37,73%)

2,30 (472) (92,73%)

411

2,14 (192) (63,16%)

2,17 (185) (75,82%)

&

698

1,23 (30) (4,69%)

/
"

1,28 (7) (11,66%)

2940

3,79 (775) (60,97%)

3,79 (775) (98,35%)

1305

2,01 (648) (81,92%)

2,03 (635) (100%)

1,15 (13) (8,33%)

2606

5,97 (23) (12,71%)

5,08 (513) (75%)

5,04 (490) (97,41%)

"

456

3,48 (131) (51,98%)

3,48 (131) (100%)

460

2,91 (158) (61,48%)

2,91 (158) (100%)

421

1,69 (249) (39,78%)

2,10 (148) (80,87%)

1,09 (101) (22,80%)

G "

700

1,53 (457) (67,30%)

1,53 (457) (95,21%)

100

2,38 (42) (5,98%)

2,38 (42) (19,90%)

2,52 (6470) (53,90%)

2,54 (6273) (88,31%)

&

16283

1,74 (197) (4,02%)

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

209

!
. ! 
kpaazde, Tevrih-i l-i Osmn veya kpaazde Trihi , Matbaa- mire, Istanbul A H
1337.
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kpaazde, O snabrck 1972.
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Balta, E ., LE ube la fin du X Ve sicle. conom ie et population, les registres de lanne 1474,
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N. Beldiceanu (ed.), L es actes des prem iers sultans conservs dans les m anuscrits turcs de la
bibliothque nationale Paris, tom e I, A ctes de M ehm ed II et de B ayez id II du
m s. fonds turc ancien 39, Paris-La H aye 1960.
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Delilba, M. Arikan, M. (eds.), Hicri 859 Tarihli Sret-i Defter-i Sancak- Trhala, A nkara 2001.
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editio princeps of the T T 10-1/14662 O ttom an Taxation Cadastre (ca. 1460-1463),
2 ., "  , R oyal H olloway, U niversity of
London, London 2009.
Neri, M., Kitb- Cihan-nm. Neri Tarihi, F. Reit Unat M. A. Kymen (eds.), 2 ., A nkara
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A ssociation for Byzantine R esearch, " 1985.
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Ploponnse au X Ve sicle, .  (ed.),  ,
,  1998, 293305.
, . (ed.), !A" # $ % & !I * + ,  & , . 3,  1926, 132199.
.  
A lexander, J. C., Counting the G rains: Conceptual and M ethodological Issues in R eading the
O ttom an M ufassal Tahrir D efters, A rab H istorical R eview for O ttoman Studies
1920 (O ct. 1999)5570.

210

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

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Sdost-Forschungen 45(1986)3753.
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. 1, O  , . . , ,  1993.
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, . .,   >,  
15(1996)77-100.
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*,  15(1984)153160.
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 1(1896)156192.
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 >, 15-19 ., ,  1996.
", .,     (15-16 .), .
.  . ,  1990.
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&, . ., ?H B F !AF $ , " & "
3(1950)31105.

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

211

SU MMA RY
G E O R G IO S C. LIA KO PO U LO S

The Viticulture and the Wine Production in the E arly O ttoman

Peloponnese on the Basis of the TT101/14662
Taxation Cadastre
The paper presents new evidence contained in the first O ttoman detailed cadastre of the Peloponnese (TT101/14662) compiled immediately after the conquest of
the province ca. 14601463, focusing on its viticulture and wine production. The
TT101/14662 recorded the non-Muslim households or hearths ( hne) headed by an
adult male, the bachelors ( mcerred) and the widows ( bive), encumbered with the per
capita tax ( ispence) and their revenues. A n examination of the data shows that the
register divided the settlements into G reek and A lbanian on the basis of different
taxation rate in favour of the latter communities.
Viticulture from both hssa and rey vineyards with a total of 243,486
akes (20.78% ) was the third highest imposition after the tithe on wheat (362,530
akes or 30.49% ) and the ispence (282,991 akes or 23.78% ), whereas the tax on wine
production yielded 16,283 ak es (1.37% ). The cultivation of wheat obviously dominates the agricultural sector (49.57% of the taxes on agriculture), followed by an
impressive 33.29% of the viticulture. Most probably a part of the wine and the dry
raisins produced was exported to the West as was the case in the late Byzantine
period.
The percentage of the A lbanian population engaged in both of these taxable
activities is much lower than the G reek one, possibly because of the A lbanians
loose connection with the earth due to their semi-nomadic nature. The commercialisation of the most profitable cultivations surplus, in our case the cereals and the
vines, was obligatory for the sustainability of the household that was encumbered
with the ispence and the capitation. This constitutes a key characteristic of pre-industrial economies, namely the complementarity of agrarian production.

212

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

. 1. 10, 4445 (" ")

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

. 2. 10, 166167 (" ")

213

214

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

. 3. 1/14662, 7475 (" )

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

. 4. 1/14662, 8889 (" &)

215

216

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

217

218

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

219

220

EPIO K. IAKOOYO

AMEOKAIEPEIA Q OINOAPAH THN OMANIKH EOONNHO

221

222

EPIO K. IAKOOYO