Noise 1

CHAPTER 6 (NOISE) - REVIEW

1. Types :

1. Thermal Noise, => N = KTB
in dB, N (dB) = 20log(KTB/0.001)
2. Shot Noise
3. White Noise
4. Quantization Noise

2. SNR
The ratio of Signal power over Noise Power,
SNR = Ps / Pn
Noise 2
CHAPTER 6 (NOISE) - REVIEW

3. Noise Factor :
F = Input SNR / Output SNR

4. Noise Figure
F in dB
NF (dB) = 10log (F)


5. Noise Factor for 3 Cascade amplifiers
F
T
= F
1
+ (F
2
1)/A
1
+ (F
3
1)/A
1
A
2

where

F
1
= Noise factor at Amp. 1
F
2
= Noise factor at Amp. 2
F
3
= Noise factor at Amp. 3

A
1
= Gain at Amplifier 1
A
2
= Gain at Amplifier 2







Noise 3
CHAPTER 6 (NOISE) - REVIEW

6. BER (BIT ERROR RATE)
The error occurred during digital modulation.
It is derived from thermal noise power, N = KTB
I) Carrier to Noise Power, C/N
C/N = C/KTB
= C(dB) N(dB)
C in dB = 10 log (C/0.001), N in dB = 10log(N/0.001)

II) Noise Power Density, N
0

N
0
= Thermal Noise / 1 Hz Bandwidth
= N / B

= N (dB) 10 log (B)


II) Energy per bit for single bit information:
E
b
= CT
b ,
T
b
= 1/f
b
(J/bit)


Noise 4
CHAPTER 6 (NOISE) - REVIEW

6. BER (BIT ERROR RATE)

IV) The Energy per bit over noise power density:
E
b
/ N
0
(dB) = 10 log (C/N) + 10log (B/f
b
)
= 10 log E
b
10 log N
0