Bell-ringer

Predict what will happen to allied strength

and confidence when American soldiers
join WWI.
WWI Wilson, War, & Peace
Chapter 10 Section 3
Objectives
Understand how the US military contributed
to the Allied victory
Describe the aims of the 14 points
Analyze the decision made at the Paris
Peace Conference
Explain why the US Senate refused to ratify
the treaty ending WWI
Introduction
The US enters the game late and thus has a
decided advantage over their foes. What has
been a bloody, bloody war, US revitalizes
Allied spirits and pushes to victory. Using the
technology of her allies, the US is a
formidable force and breaks the stalemate.
After the war the fighting continues in Paris.
Europeans
US is very diverse
How can they raise an army
Will it be any good
Convoy US tactic against Unrestricted Sub Warfare
Immediate impact German subs fail to bypass US warships
Supplies heavily guarded by warships
Russian Revolution
Start of their civil war allows Germany to focus on Western Front
Czar Nicholas II over thrown (People are starving and millions die due
to WWI
Vladimir Lenin (communist radical) ends war with Germany (Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk) and assumes control of what will become the Soviet
Union
America gives Allies the Edge
A system to
protect troops &
weapons from
u-boats
Surround ships
w/small
destroyers
Merchant ship
loss declined by
50%
US hits the Western Front
Commander John J. Pershing (not chasing Pancho Villa anymore)
German counterattacks futile
Germans exhausted
US troops take on more responsibility
German offensive bend Allied lines but never break them
Germany weakened after every failure
American Troops = Doughboys = Success
2
nd
Battle of the Marne, Battle of Cantiguy, Chateau Thierry,
Belleau Wood, Neuse Argonne, & Saint Mihiel
Alvin York (and 16 US soldiers) armed with a rifle and a pistol
helped take down an entire German position
Can you say Congressional Medal of Honor
Please see page 303
America gives Allies the Edge
Doughboy?
Are they saying we are fat?
The Button Theory:
Coat buttons looked like dough
dumplings
The Pipe Clay Theory:
Clay polish for belts & shoes
turned dough looking when
wet
The Adobe Theory:
Stirred up so much dust when
marching they resembled a ball
of dough.

A
B
C
Moving on
YESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS!!!!
Nope, Try again
American Heroes
African Americans faced discrimination
369
th
earns Croix de Guerre (African
Americans)
French Award for bravery
1.3 Millions fought
50,000 died
230,000 wounded
African Americans in the War
Harlem Hell Fighters
Though many
African
American
fought in the
war, they still
did not receive
equal
treatment.
Most cooked
and cleaned but
some did fight
in segregated
regiments
The War Ends
US, Britain, French, & Italy subdue the Central
Powers
Men just gave up no way they were going to win
November 11, 1918 surrendered in a railway car
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Deaths in Millions
Allied
Central
Civilian
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Troops
Killed or
Missing
Troops
Mobilized
Russia
Britain
France
Italy
US
Allied troops (millions)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Troops
Killed or
Missing
Troops
Mobilized
Germany
Austria-
Hungary
Central Powers (millions)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Percentage of Deaths
Russia
Britain
France
Italy
US
Germany
Austria-Hungary
What to do?
This is your task 4 groups
Think back on all the things that have happened in
WWI. You are now sitting at the Paris Peace
Conference Outline at least 7 things you think should
be done. Please do not be short sighted.
How do you avoid further wars?
What should we do to Germany?
You have 10 minutes to make your list of demands
As a class you have 5 minutes to make one final list of
10 thing you would like done.
No arguing just come up with a consensus
What Wilson wanted to happened
President Wilsons 14 Points were his ideas to
end all war. These are a summary of his
ideas for world peace. Are they realistic or
based on idealism?
End Secret alliances
Freedom of the seas.
Free trade.
Reduce weapons
Austria-Hungary ethnic
groups could decide on
their future
Restore Russia
Restore & Protect Belgium
Restore France (end Alsace
Lorraine debate
Adjust Italys Boundaries
Adjust colonies to
recognize views of
colonized people
Redraw boundaries of
Balkan States
Divide Ottoman Empire
Formation of new
countries with self-
government as a goal.
(Democracy)
A league of nations to
guarantee peace among
nations.
(Collective Security)
Wilsons Foreign Policy
Obsessed with New World Order
US promote democracy around the world
End war through cooperation
Should be based on honesty and unselfishness
Treaty of Versailles kept him from realizing his dream
Major points for Wilson
League of Nations
No secret alliances
End Imperialism
Reduce arms
Article 10 (you will see later)
Open diplomacy or no
secret treaties.
Freedom of the seas.
Removal of tariff and other
economic barriers or free
trade.
Reduction of land and
weapons
International control of
colonies, with self-
government as the goal.
Self-determination of ethnic
groups to decide in which
country they wish to live.
A general association of
nations to guarantee peace
and the independence of all
nations.
Not included

Not included

Not included

Germany disarmed and
forced to pay reparations of
$33 million

Germany divided into
colonies given to Allied
victors.
New countries form
democracies based on ethnic
groups
League of Nations
Organization of larger nations
to maintain world peace
Things to remember.
Describe reception President
Wilsons peace plan received
from the allies.
Allies sought revenge on Germany.
Wilsons was forced to compromise his 14
points to get the League of Nations.
Of Wilsons 14 points how many did
he actually get through the Treaty
of Versailles?
One The League of Nations
League of Nations
President of Princeton
Democrat
Believed in the League of
Nations as the only way to end all
war
Would only accept his ideas and
not Congresss
Graduate of Harvard
Republican
Believed League of Nations
would take away Congresss
power to declare war
Made additions to the League of
Nations, Wilson would not accept
them

ARTICLE 10
The Members of the League undertake to respect and
preserve as against external aggression the territorial
integrity and existing political independence of all Members
of the League. I n case of any such aggression or in case of
any threat or danger of such aggression, the Council shall
advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be
fulfilled.
Problems Senator Lodge Had With LON
Power of Congress to declare war
Get US involved in a war with no self-interest
How would it effect the Monroe Doctrine Policy?
Will the LON guarantee a just and lasting peace?
Goes against our policy of no foreign alliances
What does Lodge mean
How could the League of Nations cause the
US its ability to declare war?
If there is any conflict with a member of the League of Nations it
is the duty of other members to protect said member. This could
pull the US into many wars which have no meaning or gain for the
US. Ironically, Wilson wanted to build an entire group of nations,
including the losers, to work together and share, basically play
nice. As you will see Wilsons work goes awry and many
countries are disappointed by the Treaty of Versailles. Two in
particular are Germany, who had to pay to fix Europe (they had no
money after the war, so we pay with the thought that Britain &
France would help) and Italy who was promised more land and
received nothing. Causing more friction and eventually WWII
Without the assistance
of the of the United
States the League of
Nations was doomed to
failure
It does fail!.
Europe Prior to WWI
New Countries
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Hungary
Yugoslavia
Poland
Lithuania
Finland
Latvia
Estonia
Turkey
Iraq
So.
1. Of Wilsons 14 Points how many were used?
2. How will Germany and Italy feel after the Treaty of
Versailles is unveiled?
3. How did the US curtail unrestricted submarine
warfare?
4. Why was the US such a force when they entered the
war?
5. Why did the US not join the League of Nations?
6. What was Wilsons ultimate goal when writing his 14
Points?
Of Wilsons 14 Points how many
were used?

One
How will Germany and Italy feel
after the Treaty of Versailles is
unveiled?

Betrayed and angry
How did the US curtail unrestricted
submarine warfare?

The Convoy system
Why was the US such a force when
they entered the war?

They were not tired
They had not been fighting for 3 years
They fought with a purpose that most other
countries had long forgotten
Why did the US not join the League
of Nations?
Afraid they would b pulled into wars they
had nothing to do with
What was Wilsons ultimate goal
when writing his 14 Points?

Obsessed with New World Order
US promote democracy around the world
End war trough cooperation
Should be based on honesty and
unselfishness
Next time
Please read Chapter 10 section 4