1

2
U Awn Za Nang'
BIOGRAPHY PART I
( In Tiddim-Chin)
By
U Gen Khaw Vung
3
TAWMGING BEH PUPI BULPI
KILAWH-KIKATNA
1. im !ang
2. Neih "ai
3. Gui Ziam
#. $% Thu&
'. "ui hu&
#
Koh-masak thu
!ih (ai)u &i&he*na a ha'ng+i-in, min deihna, &igua( *ung*uan'-a&na
hang' hi(%. a )ei-a &um '/ &i'm &hawnga i gama "ai-+i(na, -um (e
+aai 0%n'na (eh +u+a' ngeina *ai-an-a Ta+idaw Bia&na *hu 0uih
ha&-a*0ia (ah n%+na a hi 0aw hi.
Tua 1iangin, hih &a -ang-gam+a un, a neu *u'ng +an'n *agah-
+a&ha*na, (iam (e )ai, &am-ia*na a +aw( +aw( a *ua&'&hi* hang'n, A
ii*, a T%+a 2a-ianin *a*-a (%-a a &e+ (e huaina *awh, *uni hun 1iang
d%ng, mi*'a *awh gen*eh (e *eh &aa& *aa& hi*a &e'h 0%ng, *u (e *a,
innma-(%ma, &h%h (e *u& (eh huan aa an*eh *hei+uam-*e aa *hu+ha
heh+ihna a ngahna*e, ama )e& *heih-a a mai'mang ding +ha a -a&
0%h (%h man in, a dia&-in &%3 a inn &uan+ih*e in &a 1iin, &a 1iam*eh
ngii*nge* 0awhna ding uh a deihna hang in, a BU-in a &i&heen &hia
a hi +ha )e( hi.
Tua 1iangin, a &he*na 4ai *awh &i-ai-in, &% han1iamna )aan-ah,
Tangnuam 5%de( !igh 1h%%( ia+i+a3 &a *u+a uh ahi, hiing Khan
Thang-in, ama' aa 0ah-a h%ng &in h%ng hah&a* -a&na *awh hih
*hugee(' a)u h%ng -ua& ahihmanin, a *ungah &a (ungdam mah mah
hi.
Ki0en (ahna hang-a &he(hna, +au)a'nna, &aw&)aanna &hem+euh
*ungah mai-a&na, *ua )aanah a &i0%m a &i *ua& *hei ding )ang)ang-a
mee&ma* dingin h%ng &ingen hi. !ih "ai +i1in' 0aw& man+ha* 0aw&
nading-a han*h%*na +e+euh, (ungdamna *awh h%ng &i-aang ding hi.
A -im +ha &ha &heem+euh*e, 2a-ianin +um+i (eh Kha a' ding a
&i1ing (ungdam (eh *hu+ha heh+ihna guan' *e& *a +euh hen.

"am&a.
16787'69
"ai)u gee( (e )aw(3
T. Geen Khaw Vung
'
INDEX
Khe
n
ATHU Laimai
1 2ian1ii( )u(&anna 6
2 Neu (ai-aa Gann% deih0ia 6
3 A ne-e+ &i+a*na 8
# Inn (amna &um :
' Neih-a +h%*-*e i**na 9
6 Bu;ma gam-aa "ai -im &i+a*na 1/
8 <i Chin (Kham*ung Z%)-"ai -inna 11
: India-!indi &am+au 12
9 "aw&i hun(ai 12
1/ Ta+idaw-2a-ian *hu 0uih hun*e 13
11 "a)%u; C%;+- =;an1e +ai*e 1'
12 um 0%n' ha&-a*na 16
13 "awm-ngaih (e 0i (e *a neihna 18
1# $ah-huaina *hu 19
1' Nu -ung +an' -uah hun nimi* 2#
16 A huan-aa *hei gah*e nee& *heih 1ii( &um*e 2#
18 Inn neih (eh *eenna*e 2'
1: 5ani+u; gam-aa a na (ei*e > 0ua&*e 2'
19 19#: a &i+an (%+a hing nee ahi, ganhing*e 0ua&na
('6# d%ng)
2'
2/ 2um+i *awh &i-ai 1iam*eh *ua& n% n%*e 2'
21 A *a+a U+a +een Thua( Cin Thang *awh -e+ (e )aw(
&i0ee& *uahna
2'
22 A huan -ung *hei-gah*e aa &i+an a ngah -um*e (eh
ngah ni*e
26
23 Tu'*e -uah hun *hu*e 28
6
KHEN KHATNA
1. PIANCIIL BULKANNA:
Tawm Ging *a+a im !ang. im !ang *a+a Ging "am3 Ging "am
*a+a !ang ee(. !ang ee( *a+a "am !een. "am !een *a+a ee(
!%ng. ee( !%ng *a+a !een Z%ng. !een Z%ng *a+a Tuang <nn.
Tuang <nn *a+a Z%ng Awn. Z%ng Awn *a+a <nn awn. <nn awn
*a+a <nn Thua(. <nn Thua(-in a0i Awi Niing *awh aneih a *a+a 3 *e
(a& +an' a (aii +een &hang 12na ahi, Awn Za Nang Tedim gam
Tui*uum &hua-ah 19/1 in a -ua& hi.
2. NEU LAI-AA GANNO DEIHZIA
!ih )anga a -uah &um # a +haa& aa&i+an, 0u-a-4a-a*e, ui-n%, &ee(-
n%, *uu-n%, )awng-n%, -ia(-n% ganhing n%*e deih (eh +aa&*a
ahihman' a neih 1iangin, ganhing*e' muu&-)iang *uahin-*aw+ (eh a
aang-aa *awi-in a (u++ih *hei mi ahi hi. Tua1iangin, (awm nau+ang*e
*awh &ineih-&imaw(na *eeng*a a &i1i, (ing aa &i+an -ing(aam
&ineihna*e ah a hah&a* mi ahi hi.
A dang' 0u-a 4a-a *hang*e -iahin a *hang -iahna ah a (ian deuhin 1i
(eeng, a&+a+i, 4agi& )a& *a( a ma* ni-in, a nu nuamin, Zu )ee(*ung
&ha* in ai uh ahihman' a (awm*e *awh nuam-a in diang ngeii-ngai uh
hi. Tuanung a g%( deuh 1iang' -ing+ia( a &i1i*e a -iahna ah, Zawng
a&u daidai*e # (eh -a&uh 2 a man hi. Tuanung, a neu *uung-a &i+an a
(awm+a *awh -a&uh &ua a *%h uh (eh a -a&uh a +i &ha* (e a n% nih na
%m ahihman' a (awm+ana' +i' *ang-in, amah'n a n%*e gee( (g%( -im*a)
*ang ahihman' a nu a +a*e uh nuam uh ahihmanin Zu *awh aih -a&
uh-aa a nuam mahmah uh hi.
A dang &ha*4ei, a (% giahna uah 0ing-ang &ha* *hau *awh -a+ee(-aa a
4a +ai (eh -a dang *ua& (%-in, 4a(u& a)uu aa %m mu-aa, ngiim -am-
aa a &aa+ (eh &ha (%. a 4a(u& (eeng &hia -ing *ung ah *ai &awi &awi-
aa *hau *hun &ii&-aa a &aa+ (eh &ha -aam (%, a4a(u& (ah (auna *awh
(eeng 0ee(, *aai-0ee(, -ing hawm -ung-aa a (uu* de(hin, amei ah
manin, *em*a *awh a -un (um hi. Tua*eh amah -a )e* +een a &ima*
1iang h%ih )ang ahihhang in &iman *awn*ung (% a hih*eh. 1iin, -a)e*
8
+een uu* (ua (%-aa, (%&h%h na-e+ (am-ang -eem +ha0aw ahihman'
-adang a man +i' &ei hi.
3. A NASEP KIPATNA:
U Awn Za Nang &um &ua a +haa& (ai *a&in a +a a -ii hi. Tua hun (ai-
in a u numei Niing 2um nungaa& +an*a (eh a u +a-a( !aang Ngi(h
"%, amah Awn Za Nang, a naunu Tua( Cing anau+a Geen Khaw
Vung, unau ' (eh a nu-un dahna (eh (ung&hamna (ian+i *awh a
nun*aa& 0awh *heih nang' un, (%&h%h-na-e+na *hu &ihan-uahin, a-e+,
ahih 0awh 0ah 0ah un a -eem uh hi. Tua nung, U Awn Za Nang a
+ian &um 11 a +haa& 1iang in, a Nu a u-*e (%&uanna*e ah 0uiin a
&i*huah+ih uh (eh (%-aa an*e +%-aa a -au *a&*eh -ia(1ing (eh &haw
&haa( hun (ai *a&in, a u numei-in +a-a( a nei*a hi. !ih hun (ai &um
13 a +ha& 1iangin (%-aa an-*e +aa&*a 4ui*a. ?u(y +an Augu-* &ha*e in,
0u-a 4a-a-gam(a& ganhing*e nee& ding &ih%ng ahihman' 0iing-ang
&haw4aa& 1hi(-a &i&uan ni*aa& &hua mia( mia(-aa inn &i*ung )e&
hun*e (ai*a&in, a u !aang Ngi(h "% *hu dang-a a hih mawhna %m
0ee( 0ee( a hihman' U Nang in (% a h%ng *hei 0ee( hi. Amau mah
)ang-aa +a nei nawn (%*e *awh &i(% 4eng uh-aa *ua*e in u +a-a( &ha*
aneih uh hang in a hihmawhna mah %m-in *ua*e a nau numei neun%
nihin a (% uh h%ng hi. A (ian +een -anga U Awn Za Nang &um &ha*
)ang ding a nau0aw *awh (awm &i1i-in, a neu0aw +een in U Nang
1iin, 0iing-ang ni*a& *%n-&hawm-&i*huah+ha uh ahihmah )angin, (%-
aa a ann nee& ding uh hih a (awm numei*e'n na huan &hawm
ahihmanin, &i-*huah+ha *awn*ungin, -uun 1iang' a (% (ai-ua *heigah
min (%-in ne (eh a (% (ai uh, &een (ua (% a &hawh 0%h (%h uh %m-a *ua
munah (%+a &hia& -ah *a&a +% *ungah &i+um &huu& &huu& (eh a &hu*
a &he ua &i&aiin &i &huu& &huu& uh-aa, nau+ang (ai ahihna uh *awh
nuam-a in, a g%( 0awh 1iangua a &i&u+ uh *eh a nuih uh a 0a mah
mah hi.
Tua1iangin 1918 Augu-* &ha aa &i+an, Tui*uum &hua ah %min, a u a
nau*e *awh innma-(%ma h%ih*a& (eh hah&a*na *awh a &i-a+na )ang
)ang-aa -e+ (ai *a& un, Naa&0aang mun guun+i ah -ii&(ei &id%h hun
*awh h%ng &i*ua& ahihman' guungaa( gam *aa& a &h% uh-aa, *ua
guungaa( gam, a&i&h%h (%hna -au4ei 0%, gam *aa&-(ei h%ih -ua&
:
ahihman' ann &i*uh &heem+euh h%ih a hihna *awh maii 0%ng h%ihin
h%ng gah ahihmanin' 2a-ian heh+ihna *awh nun*aa& &i&hee( nang'
(amdang )ang &ha*in *ua maii 0%ng h%ihin h%ng gah *ung-aa &i+an'
0iingan ni*aa& ann-aa a&i huan *awn*ung hang a nia( a +hun %m(%
*ham (%in a &ihuan (%h 1iang &i duh mahmah ahihna *awh *ua aa
&i+an ann &inei &ihau *awn*ung 1ih dingin h%ng -ua& *hei hi. A hun
hunin ann 0ua& uh-aa -um ngahna h%ng -ua& (eh mi*am *awh
&i*heihna 0%ng h%ng %m hi.
!ih)angin hun, 191:, 192/, 1922, 1929 &um*e-in -um (awh 0ee( (eh
(%&h%h na-e+na*eah a (awm nungaa& *ang4a(*e *awh &i(awmin
&i*han%+-uah uh ahihman' na-eem gim hi*a 0%ngin nuam a -a mah
mah hi. Tua)ang ahih1iang' *ha*ang *awh -e+na )aw(na*eah a (awm
a gua( (a&+an' a haan1iam *hei mi a hihna *awh &i*huah &i+aw( +ih
dingin ngaih (%h in a %m &h%( &ei hi. Tua 1iangin &um 19#:-in *ui-
"% 1iing 2 a (ei *a aa, *ua a aa &i+an )aw(in a *a*ein *awm *awm
huh*heina *awh a -e+ (ai *a&uh, Nimi* 217'719'1 hun*ein a *a+a (ian
+en Thua( Cin Thang A--am @egimen* -eem dinga a +ai *eh a (%
&ha* uh mi a -aa+ (aa&in &h% -a&in, a (% &ha* uh a *a+a nihna Tun
Khan Cin *awh &i&%++a a &h%h (ai *a&uh, Nimi* 1737''6 &um hun (ai
*a&in Tun Khan Cin +en Bu;ma gam-aa Ga(&a+ a *um (eu (eu *a& *eh
a (%*e uh mi &h%-a&, 0ang -a&in, *ua (% -aa+ (eh (awi -aa+-a a ngah
uh ne (e 0angin, ing*aang (% 19'2 aa&i-+an a &h%hna mun*e uh ah
4aimiim 1iing +ha +een 196# &um 1iang 4aimiim in @-.3//, '//,
6//, ://, 1,///*e' a &um &umin a (ei 0ee( 0ee( uh uhi.
4. INN LAMNA KUM
Inn (amna &um hun*e *awh &i-aiin, Tangnuam &hua-ah &um 19'3 in
a inn+i dinguh &huam hawih -im +hu*in a -aanna +i :' a dung -anna
+i' 3#' a 4ai a(e*na +i' 16' -ing+ee& +hahin a (am uh hi. Tuanung
19'6 &umin )uhinn a &huam -uang *unga ngain -ing+ee& +hah
-ing+ee& mah-aa um in 8'A12'A: a *ung -ii&&ang +i 8' aa -au, da( 12
0angin a (am uh hi. Tua 1iang, 19'2 aa (eimun 82'A3/, @-.:/7- aa
a&i(eina munah 19'6 &umin a (eimun 1ia -anga neu0aw-a *ung )ii, a
umna )uana 0uu*in a *a+a nihna Tun Khan Cin *awh &i&%++a a (am
&hi* uh (eh *ua inn (ei mun 1963 &umin @-.88/7- in a 0ua& *a uh hi.
9
Tuanung, 3727': &um-aa @-.'//7- aa a (eina mun uah inn a &huam
-uang *unga &%ih 2i :' aa -ang, -ing+e1&-aa +i '' 1iangin uum in, a
dang*e )uan *awh 0uu*, a *ung -ii&&ang, a inn (e*0ia, 2i 26'A13 'A:'
in a *a Thua( Cin Thang *awh &i&%+in, 5a;1h aa &i+an 5ay &ha
-ung 1iang (amin a 0% uhi.
!ih a inn (amnah ama *ha *awh a *%+ &huam (eh -ing +ee&*e
&heem+euh *awh gawm&hawm--um a *ua*in, a 0awhni hun d%ngh
@-.2///7- )ei *hei hi, a *hum 4ei (amna. Nimi* 237371963 in inn gee(
&i+an-aa a &huam -uang *ungah &%ihin inn+i (e*0ia 2i 3/'A1''A:' (eh
Anhuan)uu& 2i 2/'A12'A8' anihin a *ung &huhna )ii (eh a umna
guaheh )uan *awh &i0uu* (eh -ing+ee& +hahin a *a ma -a Thua( Cin
Thang *awh &i&%+in a (am uh hih inn in, A+;i( 3/, 1963 &umin &i 0%
hi.
!ih inn (amna aa -um )eiin, @-.8227- a hi hi. A &huam--uang-
-ing+e&-gua-in&am )ii, amau *ha *awh &i*awm*e *awh -um a gawm
&hawmin, @-.1,'62 )ei 1iin a &i *hei hi. Tua 1iang "am&a aa -uang
-ii&, Cimen* inn (amna +een a (ei mun 196# &um-aa @-.3,/// aa &i-
(ei a hi hi. Inn+i-a&na a neen neen-a &henin hih )angin &i 0ang hi3-
(a) Annhuan )uu&-1966 &umin (am ma-a, @-.1,''/.// )ei.
()) Inn+i 1968 &um-aa (am na @-.1:,#63 )ei (eu (eu.
(1) <&& Inn )aw(na @-..#//.// )ei hi.
(d) 5eii4aa& (aa&na aa a )ei3 @-.993.//.
Nimi* 11711768 in 0% )anga &ingaih-un +he*in, Nimi* 127117'68
hunin T%+a 2a-ian *unga (ungdam &%hna Niang *ui &hum (eh m%h
*awh &i 0ang hi. Nimi* 227127'68 aa &i+an' 2unBa)i mi-in &ha &ha*-a
@-.2//7- a +ia& ding in &i--aa+-a& hi.
5. NEIHSA PHOTTE ITNA
Kum 192/ &umin -um 0%n a&i+an-aa. *ua hun (ai-aa Kum+i na-e+
-iamna-+i(na %m nai(% ahihna *awh ei Kham*ung mi*e a -eem *am
nai (%-aa mi *hahaa**e um 0%n'na ahihmah )ang in, Bu;ma gamah
+aiin, d%( -ing (am-ang -ai*e *hu+ia&na *awh d%( -ing &i -e( a hi hi.
Amah +en a *haang *a* (%, a 1ii( 0e& +aw( ahih mah )angin a 0a*ee+
neem-aa, a )ei ha& deuh ding &hua(na *awh (ang4a)ung neu (e*ma*
1/
2C aa (ian (e( &ha* in -uun aa a 0a* ding a +ua&na-ah man-uah-aa *ua
(ang4a )ung +een a +a' neih-a ahihman' a +a (am-a a man'-a& ding
u* (% h%ih-a (%in, ni &ha* a na-e+na ah @-.'7- )ang -anga *am0aw
)ang a &i*ha(awh *hei *a 0%ng a -i( a man'-a& manin a 0iing*uunga
&i+an 0%ng &awi-&awiin, a (awm*e in D"e( *a&C 1i-in a nuih--a*
hangin, a muh 1iangin a nuam mahmah hi. Tua )ung n% +een a+a
(am-a neih-a ahihman' i** mah mahin a nun *aa& -ung a &eem
*awn*ung hi.
Tua1iang-a neu aa *agah, mi gen*hei-a ahih manin, a (ung-imah
&imuan &i(e*-a&na %m (% ahihman' a (ung-im neu den 0aw-in, mi Na
man+ha*e a -ia*-a& ding (auin (awng (eh hih 0%ng hih +a& +a& ngam
(% a hihna *awh iamna neng*e ah a -iam ma-a +een a hih ding
ha&-a hi. Tua *hu*e *awh &i0%min, mi Na &ha* +euh a &awm 0%ngin
a inn ah -au4ei a &e+ ding h%ih -a (% ahihmanin, a +e &ii& +ah +ah
mi ahi, 1iin &i-1iam*ehin &ingaih-un hi. Tua1iang, hih )anga
(ung-im neu (eh &imuan &i(e*-a&na %m(% (eh 0uau hi, 1i-aa migeen
ding u* (% (eh (aw*hawng ahihna *awh a neu *uung aa &i+an' mi -um
(a (eh (ei*awi ngei(% a hihna *awh a +ian &um 69 1iangah a (aa& a,
(ei*awi -um -ii&in a inn ah &uamah +ai nai (% hi, 1iin a ngaih-un hi.
Tua1iang, nimi* 87127'3 hun*e aa &i+an-mi' -um mee* )aw(
nuam*e'n U Awn Za Nang -um (ei*awiin (a uh-aa &ha &ha* ( ni 3/)
1iang (a*e'n a mee* +ia& dinga 0ang -a&in, 0a&ha*, 0anih, 0a nga a
*am (a nuam a muan mi*ein a Tui-(% &haam in, a (% +a**a a &eem-a&
nuam 0ah-aa a *am deih*e @-.1,///7- &ha* )ang 0ang -a&in, &ha nih,
&ha nga, &ha gu&, adang )ang a +ia& &ii& hun ding a (aa&+i' (eh a
mee* 1iamin, 1962 &um 1iangin, &um &ua -ung mi a -um (a*ein, a
&i1iam hun uh a 1in 1iangin a -um (aa& 0ah (eh a -um mee**e
@-.2,228.88 a ngah hi.
!ih -um (ei*awi*e a nam)a* aa -im in 6/ +ha aa, &ha* 4ei aa &i+an
nih4ei, *hum4ei, -awm4ei 4aa( 1iang 0%ng a (a a %m uh hi.
6. BURMA GAMA LAISIM KIPATNA
Tua 0awh U Awn Za Nang a +ian' &um 1# a +haa& 1iang in, a &hua
uh Tui*uum-aa ani +a-a( *a+a %n Vung in Kaw((ai *an # a +a--ed -a
11
%m ahihman' a 4a h%h 0ee( 0ee( 1iang, *ua %n Vung (ai)u*e mu (eh
a (ai -im-aa Kaw( +au*e &hawng a 0aa& 1iangin, amah 0%ng (ai-im-
(ai *heih u* mah mah ahihman &% Tui*uum &hua (eh T%n0ang u&+i+a
(!au Cin Khu+) &hua Tai 2 &igam(ana mun-aa (ai-im nuama 4a
+ai*e Ta+idawa 5ang $; A < Ca;0%n 4aihawmna *awh a %m 2a-ian
Thuhi(h Ka;en mi ia 2% Ku in ni*aa& in Kaw( (ai hi(h 1ihna a
(awm*e &ha* *awh a *heih 1iang un, D<i 0%ng *ua -ia+a &iangah (ai 4a
-im niC 1i-in. ann nee& man dia +ia& ding, 1i-in anu*e uh 0anah
(a-im in, T%n0ang*e innah ann nein, "ai a 4a -im uh hi. Tua)ang (ai
-im n%+na %m a hihman' U %n Vung h%ng 4aihawm in -uun-aa (ai
&i-im man(% ni*aa& 1ianga -im na ding 1i-in inn neu &ha* &i(am-aa,
*ua-anah ni*aa& hun 1iangin a u* aa +ai*eng Kaw((ai a hi(h hi.
Tua a (ai -im*e in &ha &ha* (Ni 3/) 1iangin, Na-e+ *ha &ha* +ia& ding
1ih a hi hi, Tua +een Kum &ha* a 1in'ma in !au Cin Khuu+ Ta+idaw
nia(na in, deih(% ahihman' a inn &i+he(-aa &i*aw+ hi. Tua &hi* amah
U Awn Za Nang &um 1' a +haa&na 191' &um 1iang in. Tedim'
Kaw((ai mah -im dingin a +ai aa. *ua a -ia*e in, (ai d%ng (eh a 0e-e*
1iangin, amah ama' aa a -im ngei-a ahihna *awh *an &ha*na a -im-a&
uh hi. Tua0awh 1916 1iang *an nih a -im (ai*a&, D Ki4a&na ha&-a (ua
h%ng &haw( +h%* dih inC 1i-aa a u (eh a Nu*e'n a 1ih 1iangun
"ai-imna a &haw( *a dih hi.
!ih Kaw((ai -imna +en a n%+ hangin hi*hei 0% nawn (% a hih manin,
anung 1iangin a (ai)u*e nung -im -im-aa Ta+idaw a -uah 1iang
Kaw((ai iang*h% *ha& &ha* @e4. Via( Nang in a +ia& a -im -im*e
(ai*a&, 1931 &um hun*e aa T%n0ang &hua aa !eadma-*e; a -eem Cin
Khaw Gin-*e *awh Kaw((ai iang*h% a (ui (eh a *ha& &igawm BU (eh
"a Bu @ang%%n-aa a 4ai&haa& &hawm a neih (ai *a& en 0ee( 0ee(, (a
-a 0ee(, (eh U&+i+a !au Cin Khu+ a u& -ung &hua mi*e *hu+ia&na (a'
+ai*e en 0ee( 0ee(na*e *awh, a *hei, 1ih ding h%ng -ua&in, "ai-aa* a
en, &am +heen neng*e in &i 1ia( *hei hi.
7. EI: CHIN (KHAMTUNG ZOLAI) SINNA
Tua )aan ei Chin (ai 2'7371923 &um hun*e aa Ta+idaw a -uah 1iang,
2a-ian *hu Bu "ai iang*h% *heih ding (eh "a)u en-aa (a -a& ding ei
12
+au *awh &i-a+na +haw&in, Tedim-aa ia Via( Nang &iang *ua i (ai,
Ni 13 -ung na&+i *a&a 4a -im-aa inn +an, "ai dang "ai iang*h% (eh
"a)u en (eh a ge(h a mah mah &i-in -in-aa Tua )ang (eh 2a-ian
huhna *awh 2au danga &iaa*-&ige(h hi (%, ei Chin +au aa &i aa*
-in-en*e +euhmah a *heih (%h (ua %m (% a hihmanin, ei (ai ei +au
ahihna *awh Kaw((ai -angin nuam-a 0aw ahihman' a *hei mah a -ua&
hi.
8. INDIA HINDI KAMPAU
Tua*eh, U Awn Za Nang a neu (ai aa &i+an' mi &am+au dang dang*e
a a *heih n%+na *awh Kum+i Na-e+ ahi-aa, na-e+ dang a hi 0%ng a
-eem nuam (eh a u** mah mah hina+i inn (am *hu na*e &i-a+na
hangin, &awimah +ai &hia *hei (% hi. !indi-Ka(a &am a *hei mi*e
&iangah d%ngin (ai aa &hum (eh 1iam*eh aa -in ahihmanin, a *hei a
-iam 1ih *heih ding a hih (%h hang' ama %m0ia *awh &i*ua&in a *hei
1ih ding a hi hi.
9. LAWKI HUN LAI
Khang(ui i +u i +a*ein, T%+a Zei-u h%ng h%* h%ng *a* man-aa 2a-ian
*awh &i+aw(na *hu na +haw& na 0ui &ha nai (% uh ahihmanin, hih inn
&uan 0%ng "aw&i ngeina +an &hang*e a -ua& +h%* uh hi. Tua*eh a nu
uh, !aa*(ang*e *anu hi-aa Tui*uum &hua in !aa*(ang &hua ahihmah
)angin, amau )eh mah *am +een aa a Tanu&na ngen uh ahihmanin, a
1i uh a na* 1iangin, a +a -i)aih (eh na hihmawhna hun a %m 1iang, U
Awn Za Nang a neu' *ung mahin Ki*h%ihna na-eem *uan4ai 4an +ua
aa a +an' 1iangin, -a (eh 0u a ne a hi*a 0%ngin, -iam nai (%
ahihmanin, 0umhuai-a in a nui nui *hei hi. Tua neu a &i+an "aw&i
ngeina aa %m ahihmanin, -ihna n%+na*e ah (awm nunga&-*ang4aa(*e
*awh (aam in, n%+ a -a& ni )ang uh a %m *hei hi.
A +ian &um 1: +ha*a (eh inn-aa a %m 1iang in a *ang4aa( &ha* 0%ng
hi*a ahihmanin -ihna mun ahih (eh a -i-inn *ee&*e *awh, n%+na mun
ahih (eh a nuam )aw(*e (eh a 0u )aw(*e'n 0u )aw(-aa, a -aw( aa 0u
)ee( +ua aa a +ai 0en ha* ha* 1iangin nungaa&, 1ih-im*e aa )ang a
hih (eh. i**na *awh ne' heen, 1i a h%ng &i-aw( 1ih a ngaih-u* 1iangin,
nuam a -a -im -im -aam hi. Tua*en, hih )ang hun (ai 192/ &um*e in,
13
(% ah ann &hai1i*e *uh &hi*--ia( -awm (awm annnee&, &i1i +awi
)aw(na (eh &um &hen Kh%d%*e ah mi *anau deuh inn (i-(i, inn -awm-
-awm %m a &i+aw( mun &ha* ah nee&&hawm %m hun*eah a (awm
*ang4aa( (eh nungaa&*e *awh, DKua aa &hum 0awC 1ih &i*hei-a&na,
1i-in Zu &i+ua&-&ih%h, &i&aai' &i&awm*e nungaa& (ai *ang4aa( (ai
hun ngeina ahihna *awh nuam -ain a 0aanha& 0ee( 0ee( uh hi. Tua
nung 1921 E1*%)e; &ha in, a &hua+ih*e uh "aw&i ngeina min*han'na
a 0% 1ih *heih +i*ee& &ha* h%ng -ii a, 0u (eh -a *awh &i-(iim )aw( 1ih
ding*e in a &i4ui ni *aa& in a mau nungaa& *ang4aa( mi gu& 0u-
+eeng &i1iam, &ha* nee& &hi* *eh &ha* a )aan )aan-aa hihman'a
+uahna nah+a (eh a 1im &i0uu*na*e &aanga -an 0aw0en ahihman in
"a +euh a &igeen geen hun (ai-*a&in n%+ a -a& hangun, 0u &hamna,
haina *awh &i0%m ahihman in a nung 1iangin &i-ii&-&ii&in a 0um
mahmah hi.
10. TAPIDAW PASIAN THU ZUIH HUNTE
Kum 1923 5a;1h 2' hun*e (ai*a&in a nu Awi Niing, U !ang Ngi(h
"%, U Awn Za Nang, anaunu Tua( Ching anau+a Geen Khaw Vung,
hih*eng mi nga inn&uan &ha* ahih(ai *a&in, T%+a 2a-ian h%ng
heh+ihna hang in, Kha0ih h%*&hia*na &hai1i a mau innn&uan -ungah
a h%ng *un' man in, Ta+idaw -uah (ung&im *a&in a &i+an uh hi.
K;i-*ian a &i+a* (ai*a& un, &% Tui*uum &hua aa nungaa&-*ang4aa(
&igawm inn (a& -ua& gu& )ang a na &i+a*-a a %m hi. Tua)anga a
&i+a*na %m 1iang, nidanga Ta+idaw -ua&-a a *aw+ &ii& %n Vung*e
inn&uan (eh a dang h%ng &i)eh(a+ ahihmanin, 1923 ?une &ha in
Naa&0ang guun (ei +hung guun+i ah $; ? ! C%+e T%+ain, amah U
Awn Za Nang (eh a dang mi 11 *ui+humna a +ia hi. !ih )anga
Kha0ih *awh &i+aw(na h%ng %m 1iang in, Khang(ui gam*a*, T%n-
Gaa( aih, (eh dawi )ia& 1ih*e %m nawn(% ahihmanin, hi hun (ai*e in,
T%n0ang aa u&+i+a !au Chin Khu+ Ta+idaw -uah a hua* ania( *heih
0ah-aa -u-ia nuam ahihmanin, amah *ham (%in &hua -unga !au-a
u+a aa &inei*e nangawn a *hua& ha& (ua uh ahihmanin, *ua (ai aa
Ta+idaw numei*ein 0%ng "ai -in ahihmanin, amauin, A B C 0%ng
*hei (%+i 'Numei "ai' a 1i 0e0een )ang %m hi. !ih)ang 192# hun*e
(ai*a& ha&-a*na %m mah )angin Ta+idaw*e-&i+aw(, &i-ii*na 0%ng
1#
%min 2a-ian *hu uu&na (eh (ung&i+na (aw+na h%ng +iang-a&
ahihmanin, U Awn Za Nang 2a-ian *hu deih (eh *hei nuam ahihna
*awh Ka(emy% ah a -a&%( *awh 4an-neng 0ua& *heih ding 4an (a
0ee(in @e4. Via( Nang, Tedim-aa a %m ma-a T%n0ang &hua aa h%ng
%m *% *a ahihmanin, ia+a 2a-ian *hu hi(h ding aa mundang &hua*e
aa +ai 1iang 4an-neng 0ua& (ah hi &awm -ia+a *awh &i*huah (ah a
0ua& *heihna 4aihawm &hawmin Gam(ai, Tui*ang, "uange(, Tuimui,
!ai1hiin, T%ng1iin, 2angmua(, 5au4%m, Kan-au, Ai-ih, 2hai-a*,
"enna&%*, 5ua(+i &hua*e-ah a 0in &hawm 0ee( 0ee( uh hi. !ih )ang
hun (ai*ein, ei. Chin (Kham*ung0%) (ai h%ng *hei ahihmanin, Ni+i
Ni, Ni(ai ni, (eh &i&h%+na hun a *uam *uam*e-ah amah -aangaa -iam
0aw (eh *hei +ha 0aw %m (%hna mun*e-ah &i&h%+na ma&ai h%ng
-ua&in, Tui*uum-&hua ah 192# aa &i+an, 1933 E1*%)e; &ha 1iang,
&hua (eh inn aa a %m 1iangin unday 1h%%( (Ni+i ang) ah amah a
+ang+i in a &i0ang *awn*ung hi. Thuhi(hnaa hi 0%ngin, Thuhi(h hun
0ang ding*e -eh (eh hawmna*e ah a -iamna 0ah -ii* (%-aa 0ang mi hi
in, Nimi* 197971932 in T%n0ang &hua-ah Ta+idaw*e u& &i&h%+ a %m
hun (ai*a&in @e4 Via( Nang (eh !eadma-*e; na -eem U "ian Za G%
4aihawm -iamna *awh "ai iang*h% -im-a *huhi(h -ia*e hi (%in a
dang Ta+idaw*e mi 12 1iang a u**eng, "ai iang*h% *hu)u( 12 d%*na
&i %m -a&-aa *ua mi 12 (a& +an' a -iam +een mi in, "ai-iang*h% *ha&
)u &ha* &i+ia hen 1ih *hu-ah U Awn Za Nangin a ngah+a -ua&
ahihmanin, *ua a "ai-iang*h% +een i** mahmah a hihna*awh +ha
*a&+i-in, &eem (eh 0ang ahihman' 1962 &um 1iang h%ih*a&in a 0ang
*hei (ai hi. Tua1iang U Awn Za Nang Ta+idaw a -uah &um nih a
+haa&na 192' &um aa &i+an, T%+a 2a-ian Na -eem ding -um+i
*hawh(awm &i+ia*e a nun*aa& *awn*ung 1ih ding a %m a *een'na &hua
&hem+euhah a &i&em-a& *awn*ung hi.
Tua 1iang in, nimi* 1717'# &um*ha& in, U Awn Za Nang*e in
?eh%4ah T%+a +a-ianin, h%ng i**, h%ng heh+ihna +haw&na +ha*na in,
V%&*a( *uu& nga (eh 0ung nih aa (ian in Kum*ha& a (a uh-aa, N<IG-
*e &hawng *awh a &uamah+euh (ungdam-aa &i+aw( &hawm (ai
ahihman' a &uama+euh in h%ih -a-in, a &i(ungdam *hei mahmah hi.
Tua1iang, BC5 5i--i%n a&i1i +aw(-aa U Awn Za Nang*e inn&uan
T%+a 2a-ian in heh+ihna *awh (ei*ung -um*e a &e+ -a&-aa, a +ia&'
1'
ama min*han'na dingaa um+i *hawh(awm a -awm-a &ha* 1ih ding*e
"ungdamna *awh a +ia&*e uh, Kum 1961 hun*e aa &i+an nimi*
'717'69 1iang'a 0%n' %( *eng @-.',12:.'6 (Tuu(nga 0a &ha* -awmnih
gia* (eh +ai-a -awmnga gu&) (ian a +ha hi.
!ih hun maa aa*e &i&an (% hi-aa, hih (a&-ah &i aa* &i &hum &ha (%
ahi hi.
11. LABOUR CORPS-FRANCE PAITE
Tua1iang 1918 &um =;an1e (eh Ge;man &id%na aa 4an -ia*e
&ai&hawmna na-e+na huh dingin, Tedim gam mi*e <ng(and
Kum+inu in mihing *uu( &ha* U&+i+a !au Chin Khuu+ &iang'h h%ng
ngen ahih man' a u* u* +ai ding, 1ih )e& hi(eh a u*-a +ai mi'*awm (aw
ding, 1i-in, Aana *awh 4aihawm in a +ai*hei ding *ang4aa( %mna inn
&ha*ah &ha* a a +ai &uu( ding 1ihna *hu %m-a& ahihmanin, a u !ang
Ngi(h "% a %m hang in, amah (U Awn Za Nang) in, ' I +a (ah %m
nawn(% aa a u &iangah, DKei 4a +ai 0aw ningC Nang inn-ah na %m
0aw inC 1i-in, Tedim ah +aiin a &i(ah 1iang' a(a' mi 5aang*en,
DNang neu (ai*eh na %m inC 1i-aa, ahih hang' &a &haw+ih*e un eng
+ha (ua uh a hihmanin, DA u 0%ng %m hiC a 1ih 0ee( 1iang un, amah
U Awn Za Nang *hum4ei d%ng &i(a& ahihmanin, a *aw+ &haa&naah
amah 0%ng &i(a *a aa a *um *a hi.
Tua -ana a +ai ding*e Tedim-ah &ha *hum -ung %m-a& +h%*-aa, +ai
un F Khaw( unF Zia* (amahF Vei (amah, 1ih*e gam*a*0ia a *uam
*uam*e &ihi(h &i-in-a& hi. Tua)anga a %m (ai*a& un u (e nau mee(
*heih *uam*uam*e 4a +ai-in, 0u (eh -a, a(im *hei *hei ding a neih
)ang )anguh a +ua& uh-aa, Di mai &ha ding, &i mu nawn (% &ha
dingC 1i-in, &i&ah-&ah uh hi. A +ai*e )e( ann-+uan--um ga(&a+*e
mah )angin, a +ia& ding uh a hih *eh a +ai ding*e in &heda+ mah
)angmah (ei a, hi 4ia( (uan (uan uh ahihmanin, U Awn Za Nang,
'Kei 0%ng =;an1e +ia ding hi -aam a' 1i-in &heda+ (eh maw0a a (ei
*ha& )u(h-aa aa +ai (eh guah0u ahihmanin, (am naa(in &i+uu& &ha in,
a &hu*dawh guh he& in, Za*%*e'n *uun-a&-&uah-a& uh ahihmanin,
amah a +ai *hei(% -ua&-aa, (iam0awh ni 1' 1iangin, a +ai *hei ding
*eng a +ai *a uh hi. Tua a +ai*ein. &um 1919 &um, Augu-* &ha in,
16
Kham*ung gam a h%ng *ung &ii& uh hi.
12. SUM ZON' HAKSATNA:
Tua1iang, &um 1922 in Bu;ma gamah gam-ung na-e+na d%( -ing
(am -eem dingin a +ai hi. Tua na -eem ding*e, N%4em)e; &ha ni
&ha* aa gam-ung &i*um a hi hi. A na-e++ih ding a -ia*e uh *awh
5aw(aih +an' Chin-$win guun '*ui&aang+i' a &i1i-ah Teem)aw in
+ai*%-in ?u4uah (ui a &i1i-ah +ai*% in Nga+h%ng 0ang*e Khuu+ 2um,
a +um (ian -im, a dam (% -a aa a +ai+ih uh &ha* %m hi.
Tua+an gim dia& (eh a &hua+ih*e uh Khuu+ !ang a 0aan 1iang
-ung*haw(h na*na '+u&*a*' a &i1i*e mahin na gim -im +ahin a e&&
+ai-+ai (eh a &amah +ai-+ai (ua-(ua ahih 1iangin, a 4e&un &i&umin,
'*u-in, i (awm, a 1ina ma-a +een h%ng gim 0aw, *ua *ham (%4a &i)eh
(a+ 0aw ih hih 1iangin, gam-ung manawh nawh (eng h%i (% ding a
hih*eh 1i-in, ngawi dawh-aa %m Kaw(*e a guun&uang *awh @-.127-
in 1ia(in, 5%(ai&my Za*% inn ah +ai+ih &ii&in, 'mi nihin 0ui ni-in' a
1ina*e a dam &hi* 1iang, gam -unga a (awm*e &iangah +aiin, *ua
)anga a &i&hen uh (eh a *un' &i&aa(-un, a -um ngah*e uh a &i&im a
hawm ding 1ih *hu a &hen*a* &hi* uh*eh, a &u(ig%ng +a-uh 0%m aa, U
Awn Za Nang +een +au a -iam (ua hi &ei 0%ng' &imang *hei +een
ding, 1ihna *awh *ee( &hia in, 1ina*e Za*%-ah +ua& ding Kaw(*e in
guun&uang h%*-aa, 1ina*e *awh mi gu& (6) ?u4uah (ui +an *ui&aang+i
*ungah a +ai-+ai uh-aa, a 1ina*e (ah (ua-(ua a ee& uh +ai-+ai, a (ua&
(eh ee& uh (ah nam-ia (ua, guun&uang +ua (amah (ua &hia ding 1i-aa
a &uang-gei (een-aa a (ua& 1iangun, guun&uang &i)ung de& +ah-+ah
hi.
'Bang hun *a&*eh *ui -ungah a &i*um-u& &hin *am maw' 1ih (ung-im
nei in &i en giau-giau )e& (e(-in +ai +aiin, 5%i(aih &hua *un' na ding
*ai # ding )ang a -a+ (aina munah &hua mia( in Kha *aan (ai 0%ng
hi(% ahihman' gia& ding (ah ha&-a -a uh ahihmanin a +ai -ua& uh hi.
5aw(aih &hua *un' na ding a &uan (am-ua a *un'na -a, Niang+en*a
Ta(a+ inn mun a *un' u*eh, mun dang &awimah (ah *hei *uan (%. U
Awn Za Nang +een 5aw(aih a +haa& 1ii(na ahihmanin, ' hi(aiah %m
mai ni' 1i-in &haw( uh hi. Tua a &haw(na mun uah Khuu+ !ang +een
18
-i ding aa a &i*hawi *eh guun&uang -ung +an d%m &hia in, *ui geiah
a &%ih uh (eh, a -i*a ahih 1iangin, *ua-an mun mahah +uan -i(h
-a&in, nu-ia-in Kha*ung-aa Ta(a+-ah +ai*% uh hi. Tua (aiah a -i nai(%
Khu+ 2um +een, amah gua& 4an*e *awh nu-ia-in, a -i &hin-a+a a 4ui
+ih ding a mia(-(a&+imah-ah mi0%ng in, a na* &hawi +ih T%n0ang*e
Gin $am *awh a +ai &awi &awi uh hi. A Khaw+ih*e uh 2a(i&-aa
%m*e &iangah 'K% hi)ang *eng &a *ua& uh-aa, (ei *%h na ding (ah
nei(% &awi(ai munah &i+huum (eh h%ih ding, 1ih 0%ng *hei (%' 1i-aa a
4a *huum uh 1iangin, amau*e +ai-in a 4ui +ih uh-aa, amau (awm*a
(eh 1ina+a *ua*e *a(aa+-ah *ui(um-*ui-a dawn (% in a %m uh hi.
A 0iing-ang 1iangin, U Awn Za Nang in, Za*% a 0%n &awi &awi (eh,
ni*aa& (am nai 3 hun ding 1iang in, a 1ina+a Za*% inn-ah &%ih
dingin, -ing+ee& n% &ha* )aw(in, nam&hau-in, a &i&hee(-in +ua uh-
aa, Za*% inn a a *un' *a uh hi. Tua )ang na*na mah-aa naa ahi, Kaw(*e
0%ng *am+i naa (eh ni -im-a -ii uh ahih mah )angin, a 1ina %m+ih+a
uh a %m+ih 0awh uh ni gu& 0awh *eh -i *a hi.
Tua hun*e (ai*a&-in amau (awm*a*e (unggim (ua-uh ahihmanin,
an*ang hai &ha* (+a4a &ha*) )e& a huan uh hangin, a gai0% &ei *a0en
uh hi. A (awm+a uh -ih 0awh Za*%*e'n ni gu& -ung a *aam-a& (ai uh-
aa, *ua &hi**eh +ai &hia in, a (awm*e-uh gam*a*na gam-ung (amah
+ai-in, ni *hum &hi* 1iangin *ua )anga (unggimna (eh dahna *awh
&idim-aa a +ai uh-a (awm*e uh &iang a *ung &ha 0en 0en uh hi.
A mau *un' *eh a (awm*e in $%(-ing a na -e( uh hi. A haa* +een+a in
@-.337- a *awm ngah +eenin, @-.87- )ang a na ngah uh hi. Tua*eh a
4e&+i-un, 5a;1h ni &ha* ni 1iangin *aw+in, U Awn Za Nang @-.:/7-
ngah hi. Tua nung-ang *hum4ei, 'Ci&*aw(am' a &i1i-ah $%(-ing
na-e+na mahah +ai-in, a ia*e uh *awh a &i*huah 0ee( 0ee( hi. Tua
hun -ung*e in (ei*ung ahih mah )angin, dahna (eh (ungdamna a
*hua& hi.
13. LAWM NGAIH LEH ZI LE TA NEIHNA
U Awn Za Nang T%+a Zei-u' h%*na (eh gu+&hia*na +haw&in (eh a
-aan 1iangin, @e4 Via( Nang *awh 2a-ian *hu hi(h-aa +ai &hawm
0ee( 0ee( uh ahihman' Ta+idaw*e *awh &i *heihna +iang-aa, 5ua(+i-
1:
aa %ng+uu* nam +aw( ahi, unau*e inn nih, &um 1913 &um-aa &i+an
Ta+idaw -ua&-a %m ahihman U Awn Za Nang-in a ngaih-u*na-ah
amau hun hi*an4ei )aw(-ia*na ha&-a*na a *hua&na uh hang-a,
*aw+&ii& (% (eh 2a-ian gam-aa &i+-aa, *hahaa* aa a %m uh a ngaih-u*
1iangin, a +aw( *hei ding mi dang a %m a hi*a0%ngin, DAmau *awh
&i+aw( (eng Ta+idaw -uahna (amah a &i+ a *ha haa* a -ua& 0%h
&haa& (ehC 1i-in, 2u uan Tun' *anu ma-a +een, 19/3 &um-aa -ua&
ahi <nn Khaw Niing *awh &um 192' ?une 2' in &imee( *heih (eh
&ingaih 1ii(na %m-a& uh hi.
Tua aa &i+an a (awmnu *awh &um nih 4aa( a &ingaih (ai &hawng-un,
a numei (am*e'n 'n% (awm*a &igawm *hei-aa na %m uh (eh &% *ang
&ha* (ua &a hihmanun, iam nung, nuam nung 1i ngam -aa+ &%ng,
ahi 0%ng'n n%ng heh+ihna-un &% &iang'h &um &ha* &um nih )ee&
h%ng %m-+ih (e u1in', 1ih 0ee( uh 1iangin, Zaw( (eeng+a +een )e( ahi
nai (% *hu na*e 'hi ding' 1i nuam (% ahi0%ng in, '0uau hi' 1ih ding u* (%
ahi0%ngin, a ngen*e( mi &ha* ahihmanin, hih )ang in a geen 0ee( hi.
'5i &ha* &ha*in "awm a 0%n' 1iang a hi-aa, &ingaih (ai uh a
hi0%ngin,'na 1ih )angun, na deih )ang un gam*a in, 0ui ning' a 1i
*hei-aa, a nung 1iangaa geen )ang gam*a aa a 0uih &ei (eh 'h%ng
&heem hi, 0uau hi' 1ihna *awh &igeen-ia*na +iangin, +ha*na -aangin,
-ia*na hi0aw *hei hi. Tua )ang hi*hei ahihmanin, 'n% deihna )angin
h%ng %m h%ng gam*a ning &a 1i &ei ding hi, 2a-ian deihna )ang hi'n
*eh' a 1i 0aw hi.
Tua )anga &um nih 4aa( a &ingaih &hi* uh N%4em)e; 1,1928 &um*e
in , Kha0ih h%*&hia*na a -aan 1ii( aa&i+an' 2a (eh (awm )ang-aa a
neih @e4 Via( Nang-in Tui*uum &hua-ah inn&uan -uahna a )aw(-a&
hi. Tua )ang &igawmna %m hun (ai*a&-in, U Awn Za Nang' (am*e in
'numei man ding )ang0ah &%ng +ia ding uh hiamG' 1ih a d%*
1iangun, a numei +a, anu (eh a nau ahi, @e4 Kham Khaw Kaai-*ein,
mihing ei *hu *awh a +iang hi(%-aa 2a-ian h%ng +ian'-a& ahi hi. *u-in
midang )ang hi(% in, I 2a-ian uh T%+a Zei-u hang-aa Tui (eh Kha
iang*h% *awh mi*ha& -ua& &a hihmah )angun, aman &a (a &ei ding
uh hi',1i hi. Tua a 1ih u*eh, man %m(% -ua&. Tua aa &i+an Tedim gam
5ua(+i &hua-aa Ta+idaw*e (ung&im-a &igawm +euhmah man (aa&
(%h &i+a*-1ii(na, 1ih ding *hu)u( h%ih &ha* a hi hi. Tua )ang
19
&igawmna a +ian' &hi* 1933 $e1em)e; 1' ni*aa& nai : =;iday hun*e
in, a *a ma-a &ha*na, Thua( Cin Thang, Tui*uum-aa a inn+i -ungah a
-ua& hi.
!ih )anga nau 1ii( h%ng neih uh 1iang' inn *uam -uan hun h%ng hi*a
hi. A (awmnu *awh a &ingaih (ai &hawng ua a numei (am*e'n a mau
&iangah *eeng (eh %m dinga a deihna*e uh a %m ahi 0%ngin, a u, a
nau*e *awh &i&hen ding h%ih -a (%in, a +ian'na Tui*uum &hua mahah
inn )aw(in, 193# 5a;1h,11-in a inn *uam ding uh-ah, a 0i (eh a *a
ma-a *awh a (uu* a *eeng *a uh hi.
!ih )anga inn *uam a neih -awn-awn u*eh, inn*ee&+a +een )e(,
aneu-aa *agah gen*hei-a ahihmanin, na-e+ ding mah (unghimawh-a
nei (eh, a Thangn% )ang uh (% (amah +ua-in, &uan+ih uh-aa, a (%
&hawhna ma)aan uah -aw(+aang ah +uan +hah-a naun%(1iam)
&awm-&awmin na a -eem uh hi. Tua )anga a nau *awh (% a &uan uh
5ua(+i-aa a -ungnu <nn Cing-in a 0aa& 1iangin, '&ei ngaih )angin
&ei &iangah h%ng %m hi(e uh &en' &a *u' d%n nuam mah hi 4eeng in'
1ih &amma(*e a maa&+a in a 0a& 1iangin, a nui hiau huau hi.
14. DAH-HUAINA THU:
Tua*eh nimi* 227117193' hun*e in, a inn(iim d%hdan uh a &i umm
nai(% hi-aa, 0iing-anga 0%ng +ai *hei +ah (%. -uun&im *eh *ua umm
na ding, 1i-in, Taa&-ing a4a -uih (eh a 0ia*(am &huu& a hei+i-in a
-aa*&haa& 1iang' inn (am-ah 1iah &ii& +ah hi. A -i-an +ai +een ni*a&
(u+ hun d%ng +ai ahihmanin, nai 1/ hun ding 1iangin, a nun*aa&na
h%ng )ei de& *a& mahmah hi. Tua 0ah-a na-ia (iam ahihman-in, a
*ha(-(u+-a )e& *awh a -uun-a 0aan-in (um (eh, ann a nee& 1iang
nangawnin, a *ha(-(u+-a mahin, -ii&&eu *awh &ha &ha* 4aa(
4ing4eng nee hi.
A &hee +een &i-*aang -a& ngam(% (eh *aang *hei 0% mahmah (%
ahihmanin, a *%n *hei(%+i'n, a (iamna h%ng dam &hi* 1936 5a;1h
&ha in, a h%ih aa a )aw( *heih &haa& (eh, 1i-in, -a&%( *awh Tedim
Za*%-ah &i+ua -u& hi. Kha *hum -ung a %m&hi* 1iangin, )angmah a
)aw( -a& *uan'na mee( %m (%. 0a' nuh (eh a *ui nee& ding +ia-+ia
-aam &hi* 1iangin, a inn (am uah 1iah &i&in, amah (eh amah +uan
2/
(um (eh *ui (um *awh &i)aw( &i &hawi-&hawiin, a nung 1iang h%ng
*%n *hei h%ng +ai *hei hi.
Tua )anga gim' *hua&a a %m (ai*a&3 a (ei*ung u(e nau, -ung (e +u*e
*ham (%-in, Tedim Za*%-aa a %m (ai*a& 1ina*e an nee& ding huan+a,
U Thang Khaw Zen aa&i+an, @e4 Via( Nang, ?! C%+e, ang mang*e
nu+a, U Ngu( "ang, U Gin Thua(, U 2au Za Kaam-*ein nee& ding
(eh dawn ding a +ua& uh *ham (%in, a ni -ia(mah in a 4a 4eh 4eh uh-
aa, *ua*e hang in, T%+a 2a-ian min &a +ha* hi, a 1i hi. Tua 1iang (iam
hun (ai nimi* 2'7117193', ni*aa& (am nai #, 5%nday in a nihna a*a
numei ahi, Cing Khan 5aan a -ua& hi.
!ih )ang gimna (eh naungee& neih a *huah *hu-uh @e4 Kham Khaw
Kaai-in a *heih 1iangin, Tui-i&, ing&ang ann ne&*e &hawng a
)aw(-a& ding anau nunga&*e h%ng +ai -a&in, ni 2/ -ung a na-e+ -i(
)aw(na*e uh -e+-+ih )aw(-+ih *awn*ung uh hi.
Tuanung &um 1936-aa "ungdam)aw( hun ding 1iang ia Kham
Khaw Kai-in, I u*e a dam (%h u*awh, *u-aa "ungdam)aw( hun nuam
*a&-a i 0a* &hawm hun ahihmee( *heih (%h, ngai i hihmanin, ei
&iang'h h%ng 0ang +euhmah uh hen, )awng (eh V%& g% ding i hih
1iang 4a (a mai un, 1i-in a nau*e -a&%( *awh h%ng +ai-a&-aa,'*ua
)ang0ah aa ngaih-un uh ahih(eh' 1i-in, a &hee *awh +ai *hei nai (%+i
amau 0%ng -a&%(, *uanna &ha* nei uh ahih *eh, inn&a +an' a&%( aa
*uang +ah ma(amin a +ai *a uh hi. Tua )anga +ai uh "ungdam)aw(
-ung (eh &um*ha& mang &hin, inn(am 1iah &ii& ding a 1ih u*eh, a
-ung*e in V%& &ha* g%h &ii& uh-aa, *ua hun (ai dia&-aa, Ta+idaw*e &i-
ii* &i+aw(na h%ih ahihmanin, @e4 Kham Khaw Kaai-in Ta+idaw
(awm*e &iangah, '0iing1ianga &a u *ein, +ai -u& &ii& ding 1i-uh a
hihman' mang+ha &haa&na 1ih ding-aa *u*+ih &haw(+ih n%+na anei
n%ng %m uh (eh 1i-aa a geen mah )ang in, nu+i +a+i *ang4aa(-
nunga& h%ng +ai-in, "a -a-a *ham (% in, *aang4aa( nungaa& aa &i+an,
nu+i*e in, '+ai -u& nawn dah un, &% h%ng ngai mah mah ung, a 1ih
1ih uh 1iangin, a (awm nu *awh a &ingaih 1ii( aa &i+an' a -ung*e'n
(ah a 1ih 1ih *ham (%-aa a -iamna uh a (ah a )aw(, a +ia&
*awn*ungna*e uh a ngaih -u*--u* 1iangin, *hua& 0% nawn (% in a
+ian'na &hua (eh a u a nau*e *awh a &i&hen ding h%ih (ua (% a -a&
21
hangin a -ung (am*e' a deihna uh )ang 0ui ding a (ung-im a &hen-a*
&hi* 1iangin, a 4a (aa& hun ding uh a nimi* a 1in' 1iangin +ai &ii&
nawn*a uh hi.
Tua &hi*, ?anua;y 12, &umin, Tui*uum &hua +an' 5ua(+i &hua-ah, a
(a(, a +ai, a -ua&*a uh hi. Tua&hi* &um 1938, $e1em)e; 1/,
Ziing-ang nai ' =;iday hun*e in, a *a *humna ahi, Tun Khan Cin,
5ua(+i &hua-ah -ua& hi. Tua nung 1939 $e1 28, 0iing-ang nai 1/,
Thu;-day hun*e in, a *a # na numei Niing Za Cing 5ua(+i &hua-ah a
-ua& hi. Tuanung 19#2 Augu-* 2: ni-in, a *a (' ngana) +a-a( "%
uan 2au -ua&-aa, ni 19 e+*em)e; 19#2 in a )ei*a hi. Tua 1iang'
5ua(+i &hua-ah &um : -ung *eeng (eh %m (ai hun*e-in, a -ung*e (eh
(awm (e gua(*e *awh &uamah *hu-ia )uaina &i)aw( (% in, T%+a Zei-u
h%ng h%* h%ng *a*na *hu*e, &i&um-&i-aang (eh nee&na dawnna*e a
&i(awm )anga &i-ii*na *awh &i+aw( in, &i+ia-&i-aangin a %m (ai
*a&un, 19#2 &um aa &i+an' B;i*i-h (eh ?a+an gaa( &i+a* hangin
Im+ha( (e Bu;ma Ka(emy% &i&aa( 5aw*aw (am+i )aw( +haw* ding,
<ng(and > India in ngiim ahihmanin, Tedim ah 4an h%ng &hia
ahihmanin, India gam-aa 5ani+u; aa &i+an, ugnu Kh%(en-*e
*awnin, Zaang dung (ui-aa India min' 4an h%ng &%ih. *ua +an' Bu;ma
Tedim min +uain, Tedim a &i&%ih*e 0%ng, -a&%(in, a +ua hi. Tuanung
maw*aw (am Tui*uum (eh Naa&0ang &i&aa( *%m4ei a -e+&hi* *a&*eh,
a&%( *awh "a4ey -eemin, T%n0ang (eh ee&-ih &i&aa( 4aau mun*e-
ah a +ai 0ee( 0ee( hi.
a&%( &ha*-in &ha &ha*-a @-.'/7- &i-aang -a&, mi &ha* in a +ee(
mawh-a -a&%( nih a 0uih ahi-aa, (auna mun ngen ahihmanin ha&-a a
-a 1ia* uh hi. Tua 1iang 19## &um, hih hun (ai*a&*e-in, India aa
&i+an, Tedim &hua 1iang maw*aw (am dung0ui-a gaa(&aa+ ah%ng
dim -u& &hi* (ai*a&in, ?a+an*e'n K%hima a &haa& *an ding a &i*hawi
1iang, gaa(&aa+ &heem+euh in, ni &ha* *hu-aa India (am de(h uh
ahihmanin, ?a+an*e, Tedim-gam ah h%ng (uu* h%ng *um +ah uh
ahihmanin, <ng(and-India gaa(&aa+ nung &iin*e, ?a+an nung0uih
nungde(hin, Tui*uum aa &i+an' 5ani+u; gam Bi-hen+u; 1iang mun
*uam *uam-aa &i&aa+ 0ee( 0ee( uh (eh K%hima aa &i&aa+na uh a
&i+an' <ng(and India-in ?a+an 0% 0aw ahi0%ng, ?a+an *e'n Tedim
+hua(+i-in nei-in, Khaw)eem 1ianga %m (ai*a&un ama inn *ua&hi*
22
3//79// ?a+an gaa( &hiang ding 5ua(+i aa a +ai*%-*ein, a aa& a
4%&*e uh (eh a neih-a dang*e uh a (aa&, a nee& gaw+ -a& uh
ahihmanin, &uamahin, ?a+an ii* (%-ngai(% hun*e (ai*a&in, Kum+i*e
deihna ngaih-un +haw& &ha in, 5ua(+i &hua +an' a &hua+ih*e inn #/
ding &hawng *awh 19## ?une &ha in +ai&hia in "enna&%* *ung uh hi.
Tua +an' +ai *%-*% in, 5ani+u; gam Khuang*a( &hua-ah %m +h%* in
"%n+i &hua V. G%* gaa(-4i( 5ang*e &iangah -ia( &ha* 4a g% uh hi.
Tua (ai-ah, U Thang Tuan-*e &hawng mah 4aihawmin, Im+ha( aa a
%m 5ang(ian*e *awh *hu &i-aang-&i+ia (eh, amau gaa(*e, Cha+ei
ugnu &hua a *un' ni ding uh *hu &i+ia &i1iam uh ahih mah )ang in,
?u(y ni 9 in, Khuang*a( +an' +ai&he nawnin, Cha+ei a *un' ni-in, ?ee+
&ha* in a ann nee& ding*e uh 4a +ua&in, a 0iing1iang' ?u(y 11-in
5aw*aw (ian*e, 12 in ugnu-ah na dawn, na (a uh ahihmanin,
Im+ha( Kwa&ei*he( Ba0a; (&aih1ia() &ianga 5ei*ei gaa(*aai &hia*e'
inn*e &um+i*e' *hu&imna *awh a (uah uh hi.
Tua )anga a %m hun -ung *eng un, Kum+i*e in gaa( -unga
gaa(&aa+*e a +ia& )angin, meigi* a &i+an *ee+ ding, nee& ding, dawn
ding, a &i1ing in a +ia uh hi. Im+ha(-a a %m hun -ung un, 5ang&ang
gaa(&aa+*e &iangah 4a (eeng(a in, a +au uh ma( &ha*, ma( nih a
*heih*e (eh !indi +au *awm a *heih 0ang in )awng-a )ung, nga
)ung, +uan-i(h d%ng +ua-+ua in , a *anu*e +ia 0ee( 0ee( (eh mun
danga 0ua&in, -a)ung man @-.6/ (ei aa, +uan*e 0%ng mi 6/ ding
mah a +ia hi. Tua 1iang' Im+ha(-aa a %m hun (ai uh nimi* 197117##
&um, 0iing-ang nai 6 unday hun*e-in, a *a' gu&na, Kaai 5ung,
Im+ha( &hua-ah a -ua& hi.
Im+ha(-a a %m uh &ha nga &hi* 1iangin, Kum+i*e in ' na gam 4uah
?a+an %m +ha nawn(% ahih1iangin, na gam 4uah na +ai &ii&*a ding
uh', 1i-in, nimi* 197127'## &um hun*e in, maw*aw-in, Ci&ha 1iang
&ha-in, *ua +an' a &hee u *awh +ai-in, nimi* 2'7127'## in Tui*uum
&hua "ang4%n 0aanga a u a nau*e &iang *ung in, *ua+an' +ai nawn
5ua(+i-ah a inn uh *ung in, nee& (e dawn ding 0%ng *awm-in, (% a
&h% uh hi. Tua1iang a -ung*e ia Kham Khaw Kaai, Kham Khen
!ang, Vung Khaw Zaam-*e *awh Im+ha( +an' maw*aw *awh +ai&hia
&hawm hina+i Ci&ha +an &ii& nawn in,'K% h%ng 1iah &ii& nawn &ei
23
nung, n% 0%ng h%ng +ai &ii& 0aw un, Khaw *uam nei-in, 5ani+u;
gam-ah *eeng ni' a 1ih uh 1iangin, *ua)ang *a&*a& ding ahih(eh, 1i-in,
U Awn Za Nang-in Im+ha(-aa Kha nga a %m -unguh-aa &hawdam
&haw(um hun*e (eh 0aanggam *eeng*e nun*aa& 0ia ngaih-u*na *awh
amah 0%ng u** -im+ian' ahihna *awh 5ua(+i +an' Tui*uum ah 19#'
Augu-* &ha in, a u a nau*e &iangah +ai hi.
A n%+ (eh n%+ (%h ding ahi0%ng, a h%ih (eh h%ih (%h ding ahi0%ng'
*hei nai (% ahihna *awh a -anggam*e 0%( ngam (% in, ei Kham*ung
gama *eeng mi*e in, i +um+i nun*aa& na'ng i &hu* *awh i &hawih i
-e+ )aanah i duh i deih &heem+euh i (u, i (iang, i nung-a i +ua& (%h
in, inn i *u* 0%h %m(% ahihman' h%ih (% (ua na -a&na uh a %m &h%(
&ei (eh n% +een n%mau *hu hi un(a. &% 0aang gam *een 4a -in nu'ng-
inah, a n%+ *ua& (eh n% 0%ng h%ng +ai un (a. a n%+ &ei (eh (ah &ii&
ha& (% ding' 1i-aa a geen 1iangin, a -anggam*e'n '+aidah h%h un', a
1ih *eei hang un, U Awn Za Nang' ngaih-u*na*e *u nung *eh a
h%ih0aw ah%ng hih &haa& (eh, 1i-in, naa&+i-in &h% ngam(% uh hi.
'N%mau *hu, n%mau (ung&imna )angin, T%+a in h%ng heh+ih hen'
1ihna *awh 5ua(+i-aa a +ai&hia* hun ding un 0%ng, U !ang Ngi(h
"% (eh a nau Geen Khaw Vung (eh a 4a +ai a 4a (a' ding*e ahi-aa, a u
a nau*e *awh 1ih-na-in, U Awn Za Nang-in V%&*a( *uu& (i &ha* (ei-a,
g% hi.
Tua ahihmanin, "ungdam *a& 1ih in a &ine &hawm hi.Tua &hi* nimi*
2/712719#' in 5ua(+i &hua +anin, a 0i' a *a*e *awh +ai &hia-in
"enna-&%* (am*awn. Khaw(ian ugnu Tuining*e *awnin, nimi*
2/712719'' in 5ua(&%* &iang-a Tui*ha+i 0aang a *ung uh hi.Tua
munah &ha &ha* a %m &hi* un 1iangin, 5ua(&%* &hua aa *eeng
nuam(% (eh &haw *uam-aa *eeng nuam uh a hihman' a inn ding uh
*awm (eu (eu in +ai&hia. "hah4%m &haw*aw 0aang-aa &hagia* (:) a
%m &hi* uh 1iang' &haw *uam neih *heihna ding *hu ngah uh
ahihmanin, ing*%m 5ua(+i-ah a &i -uan +hei *a uh hi.
!ih ing*%m 5ua(+i &hua-ah nimi* 671719#: 0iing-ang (am nai #
Thu;-day hun*e in, a *a -agihna Vung "a( a -ua& hi. !ih hun*e
(ai*a&in, a -ung*e' ia @e4 Kham Khaw Kaai*e-in, 5ua(+i (am
ngaih-u*na *awh Ge(ngai aa +eem ding 1i-aa inn a 4a )aw( uh
2#
1iangin, a maa&+a un, 'n% *eeng ding, %m ding na 1ih 1iang ua &%
h%ng +ai hi-aa, hi 1i &awi &awi ding a hih(eh' 1i in nimi* 1737#:
&umin ing*%m 5ua(+i +an'n Tangnuam &hua-ah a +eem *a uh hi.
Tangnuam &hua-ah nimi* 227#719'/ hun*e 0iing-ang nai ' a*u;day
hun*e in, a *a *um +een, a gia*na numei <nn $im a -ua& hi.
15. NU' SUNG PAN' SUAH HUNTE NIMIT
1.Awn Za Nang-19/1 2.<nn Khaw Niing-19/3
3.Thua( Cin Thang-1'71271933 #.Cing Khan 5an-2'7117193'
'.Tun Khan Cin-1/7127'38 6.Niing Za Cing-287127'39
8. "% uan 2au-2:7:7'#2 :.Kaai 5ung-197117'##
9.Vung "a(-6717'#: 1/.<nn $im-227#7''/
!ih -uah hun*e &i1ian *a&a i *hei n%+ (eh, a *hu hun dang*e *awh a
&i&%ihna*e i en (ai ding hi. Tua *eh, Tangnuam &hua-a a *eenna mun
uh, Gan Za*% ahi, a )eh+a uh T Tua(1hin-in aimua( a 1ihna mun,
mua( h%ih )e& *ung ah inn gu& a *eeng uh-aa, U Awn Za Nang +een,
5ua( 0ia* (amah *eeng in, huan (ian (ua (% a inn *awh &i0%m )aw(-in,
*ua a huan -ungah "eng*hei, C%HHee, !ai, Zawng*ah, Gua, 5au,
Nah*ang, 5ei*ei, Kaw(-ing, ai-ee&,Theihia, Tuai*eng-nam 12*e (eh
nee& *heih a *uam *uam*e a 1iing hi.
Tua&hi* &um 19'' a &i+an, a naa&+i +uah+ha in, nee& *heih *uam
*uam a 1iin na ding, 1i-in, 5ei*ei*e (ei&huu& *%-a& (eh Khaw -unga
ee&(ei h%ih*e (a in, ahih0awh0ah-aa )aw( ahihmanin, a 4a mu mi (eh
*ua huana *heigah min a 4a (ei*e in, h%ih-a ahihman-un, mi ham+ha
in en in, geen (eh a deih a eeng *hei uh hi. Tua1iang a huan, min'
deih (eh eeng ahih mah )angin, *ua a deih0ah ua a nee& a 0a* )e&
hi(% in, a huanIaa nee&*heih gah*e in, &um &ha* -ung in dang&a
@-.1//, 2//, '//, 8// )ang a ngah *hei hi. !ih &um &ha* -ung
@-.1//7- )anga ngah *heihna *hu +an' &um 19'# aa &i+an 1969
1iang d%ng &um*eng ahi 0% &ei 0%ng 1ih n%+na hi.
16. A HUAN-AA THEIGAHTE NEEK THEIH CIIL KUMTE:
19'2 &um in "eeng*hei. 19'# &um in !aigah. 196/ &um in C%HHee
2'
gah min, hih-)ang inah nee& *heih (eh (ime* mahmahin a +iang hi.
17. INN NEIH LEH TEENATE:
Nimi* 11737'3# in Tui*uum ah inn nei 1ii(.
Nimi* 12717'38 in Tui*uum +an' 5ua(+i ah.
Nimi* 137127'#' in 5ua(+i 5ani+u; ah.
Nimi* 2/7127'#' in 5ani+u; *ung in *eeng.
Nimi* 1737'#: ing*%m 5ua(+i-Tangnuam &hua ah +eem*a. 1969
d%ng hi &hua-ah &i&hee(na (eh +eem *ha&na +iang nai(%.
18. MANIPUR GAM-AA A NA LEITE & ZUAKTE:
Nimi* 1/7'7'#6 in "awi+i nu*a @-.#217- in (ei hi. *ua nung Tangnuam
&hua-ah a *een, 1iang "%, 1iing nih a (ei hi. Tuanung "am&a-ah
"eimun +i 82'A3/' @-.:/7- in 19'2 &um in a (ei hi. Tua &hi* nihna
(eimun mah, "am(ian (Ni-uah na(am) +i #2 "an4a (amah, +i 323',
dang&a @-.'//7- *awh (ei hi. Kum 19#8 in a&%( nu*a @-.#'/7- in a
0ua& hi.
19. 1948-AA KIPAN LOPA HING NEE A HI GANHING A
ZUAKTE; (1964 dong)
1. "awi- awm (e &ha* (11),
2. Bawng-awm (e nih (12)
3.Tuu (Be(am)-awm *hum (3/).
20. PUMPI TAWH KISAI CIAMTEH TUAK NO NOTE:
A mah U Awn Za Nang +um+i *ungah 1iam*eh *ua& n% n% hih
)angin &i &hum *hei hi3 A din*un' -aan0ia +i ''6'' hi. Ama &um 1969
d%ng ah-69. a gi&na 1 m%nd 3# -ee;-. (1962 1iangah). Gi&na mah
'68 (eh '6: *e in, 1 md 31 -;- ahi hi.
21. A TAPA UPA PEEN THUAL CIN THANG TAWH SEP LE
BAWL KIZEEKTUAHNA:
Tua1iang, &um 19'9 &um*e in, Thua( Cin Thang Tiddim (e
Ka(eymy% &hua-*e aa 4an -um (ei-aa a +ai 0ee( hangin, -um)aw(
*a&*a& hi+ha nai(% ahihmanin, a -um ngah )ang )ang a +a +ia &ii&
26
0ee( *adih hi. Tua nung, &um 196/ &um 1iang gam *uam*uam-a
4an*e Bu;ma gam +an India gam-aa h%ng +ai *%h -im 1iang U Thua(
Cin Thang 0%ng -um)aw( &i+an *a& *a& aa, a +a in a -um)aw(na
ding-aa a +ia& &hia* -um (eh nimi**e in hih a nuai-aa )ang *eng hi.
U THUAL CIN THANG TUNGA SUM KIPIATE LEH NIMIT
HUNTE CIAMTEHNA
Sl No Nimit Piakzah Sl no Nimit Piakzah
1 /'7/'76/ 1/// 2 1/71276/ 1:/
3 3/7/8761 2// # 23711761 1//
' 2:7/1762 '// 6 297/1762 #'/
8 117/#763 1#/ : 167/'763 6//
9 /#7/6763 '// 1/ /87/6763 '//
11 3/7/9763 2// 12 2271/763 3//
13 /87/176# 3// 1# 287/176# #6/
1' 2'7/:76' 23/ 16 167/9768 1///
NB3 A 4e&+i gawm&hawm @-.6,66/.// (Tuu( gu& 0a gu& (eh -awm
gu&) (ian.
22. A HUAN SUNG THEI GAHTE AA KIPAN A NGAH
SUMTE LEH NGAH NITE:-
A. Leengthei
Sl No Kum Ngahzah Sl no Kum Ngahzah
1 19'2 :/.// 2 19'3 9/.//
3 19'# 1//.// # 19'' 11/.8'
' 19'6 12/.:/ 6 19'8 1#/.'/
8 19': 1'/.// : 19'9 18/.2'
9 196/ :/.'/ 1/ 1961 8/.//
11 1962 J:8.// 12 1963 196.//
13 196# 2/6.// 1# 196' 2//.//
1' 1966 21/.// 16 1968 3#1.'/
18 196: 196.'/ J!ai (eh "eeng*hei gawm&hawm
28
B. Huan theigah
( n% Kum Ngah0ah ( n% Kum Ngah0ah
1 1963 9/.// 2 196# 22.26
3 196' /.// # 1966 19.//
' 1968 336.99 6 196: 1:.//
23. TUTE SUAH HUN THUTE:-
Tua1iangin, a*a*e Thua( Cin Thang (eh a (awmnu Ngu( Za Cing*e,
"am&a aa -um)uu& 4an 0ua& aa %m uh ahihman "am&a ah nimi*
2:7271962 in Nang Khan 5ung -ua&-aa, Tangnuam &hua +een, a +u
> +i*e *eenna ahihmanin, nimi* 8737'62 in )awng &ha* (eh 1i&hum &g
1' *awh aa& #, )awngnawi &g 21 in Nang Khan 5ung min &i +hua&
hi.
A TU' NIHNA: Zam &han "uun-nimi* 237:7'6# niin "am&a &hua-ah
-ua&-aa, a +u Khu+ Zam &i*am-a& ahihmah )angin, a +u*e innah
nimi* 297:7'6# &um in, V%& (eh Niang*ui &hum *awh anihna *a+a
Zam Khan "uun &i +hua& hi.
SIAN LIAN MANG:- Nimi* 197:7'66 in "am&a &hua ah nimi*
2:7:7'66 in, Niang*ui &hum (eh 5%h *awh Tangnuam &hua-ah a min
&i +hua& hi. !ih huhau in $ang&a @-.3/7- )ei hi.
CIN KHAN PIANG3- Nimi* 13737'6: in "am&a &hua-ah a -ua& hi.
A min 0%ng *ua &hua mah ah &i+hua& +ah hi.
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