CDP Delhi

October, 2006
Department of Urban Development

Government of Delhi
IL&FS Ecosmart Limited, New Delhi
CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN
DELHI

IL&FS ECOSMART
Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi
Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
E-1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) focuses on (i) improving and
augmenting the economic and social infrastructure of cities; (ii) ensuring basic services to the
urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices; (iii) initiating wide-ranging urban
sector reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate legal, institutional and financial constraints that
have impeded management of, and investment in, urban infrastructure and services; and (iv)
strengthening municipal governments and their functioning in accordance with the provisions of the
74
th
Constitution Amendment Act, 1992.

JNNURM comprises of two sub-missions, namely

(i) Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance, including water supply, sewerage and
sanitation, solid waste management, urban transport, redevelopment of core areas, development
of heritage, and environment.

(ii) Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor, including shelter, infrastructure services and
related civic amenities

The Government of India has proposed substantial assistance through the JNNURM to the selected
Mission cities. All mission cities are expected to formulate a City Development Plan (CDP). The CDP
is based on an assessment of the existing situation, and outlines a vision for development,
strategies for achieving this; indicative investment requirements and financial operating plans,
indicating how investments made are to be sustained. The CDP will facilitate identification of
projects. The ULBs/ parastatal agencies will be required to prepare DPR for the projects. The
current status of sectors covered under JNNURM for Delhi are presented below

E.1 City Assessment: Urban Infrastructure and Governance

The National Capital Territory, Delhi (NCTD) area consists of the following three municipal areas-
New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) area at the core, spread over an area of 42.74
km
2
Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) area, occupying 1,397 sq. kms, or 94 % of the area of
the city.
Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) area between the Airport and the NDMC area, spread over
an area of 42.97 km
2

In 1999, the urban area of Delhi was 701.62 sq. kms (47.3 % of NCTD area). This is proposed to be
increased to 977.91 sq. kms, or 66 % of the total area, by 2021. The CDP addresses the urban area
of the NCTD as a whole. Detailed assessments for the NDMC and DCB areas may be taken up at a
later date, and incorporated into the document.

E.1.1 Land and Urban Growth Management

The DDA is responsible for guiding planned development in Delhi, through successive Master Plans
(1962, 1982 and 2001). It is also the sole agency mandated to develop and dispose of land in the
city.

The growth of the city over the years has been on a ring and radial pattern, with reliance on road
based transport. The development envisaged by previous Master Plans was poly-nodal with a
hierarchy of commercial centres located on either ring or radial roads. The DDA, however, has been
unable to meet forecasted demands for housing, commercial and industrial space, resulting in large
scale unauthorized development, and areas with non-conforming land uses. Only an estimated 30 %
of the citys population lives in planned areas. The poor have borne the brunt of the shortage. In
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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spite of growing pressure on land resources, there are large tracts of underused land within the
central city. A majority of these are government lands bearing low density (2 storey structures) and
old housing. Only 30-35% of government employees have been accommodated within these areas.

The lack of formal access to appropriate housing has led to the genesis of unauthorized colonies in
Delhi. Currently, there are around 1432 unauthorized colonies providing shelter to around 30 lakh
people. Unauthorised colonies have being regularized twice in Delhi: in 1961 when over 100
colonies were regularized and in 1977 when around 600 colonies where regularized.

165 urban villages and 52 census towns form part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD).
These urban villages have undergone significant physical and functional transformation related to
their specific location. Key Issues in growth management are listed below:

Increasing gap between demand and supply of appropriate housing and infrastructure
Encroachments in urban villages
Exploitation of agricultural land for unauthorized development
Inadequate supply of appropriate commercial and industrial space, resulting in non-conforming
land uses.
Lack of Linkage between Physical Planning Strategy and Financial Planning

E.1.2 Water Supply

DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for procurement, treatment,
transportation and distribution of water in the MCD areas. It also supplies bulk water to the NDMC,
and Delhi Cantonment Board. Water requirements for an estimated population of 16.5 million in
2006 is 990 MGD At present DJB, is equipped to produce 735 MGD of water from 11 Water
Treatment Plants (WTPs) and ground water abstraction from 446 tube wells & ranney wells. The
per capita availability of water is one of the highest among urban areas. In spite of this, water is
supplied for only a few hours in the day. Moreover, norms of supply to different zones vary, and
areas at the end of the distribution system receive little water. About 20 per cent of the citys
population is not covered by piped water supply. In the absence of piped water supply from DJB,
there has been extensive abstraction of ground water. The issues related to the status of water
supply summarized below:

Unaccounted for water losses are estimated at 42% (16% in transmission and 24% in distribution)
There are wide variations in supply, both within and between supply zones
Lack of adequate management systems.

E.1.3 Sewerage and Sanitation

The DJB is also responsible for the management of the sewer system in MCD areas; and collection,
transportation, treatment and disposal of sewage from MCD areas, NDMC & DCB areas. The length
of sewers in the city is 7000 kms. The sewage generation in Delhi has been estimated at 800 MGD
against the present installed treatment capacity of 512.6 MGD. Thus there is a gap of almost 300
MGD in treatment of waste water
1
.There are 18 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the city, varying
from 345 years in age. This has resulted in a loss of treatment efficiency. The issues related to the
status of Sewerage are presented below:

An estimated 530 MGD of untreated sewage is discharged into the river Yamuna.
Due to network deficiencies, there is an overflow from sewers into storm water drains.
Trunk sewers are considerably silted, requiring desilting & repair to restore their capacity in a
time bound manner.
The citys STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations are several years old - leading to reduced
efficiency.
Upgrading conveyance system needs to be undertaken, for full capacity utilization of Common
Effluent Treatment Plants.

1
Waste water generation being estimated at 80% of piped water supply; and estimated ground water extraction.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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E.1.4 Solid Waste Management

The conservancy and sanitation department of MCD is responsible for the collection, transportation
and disposal of solid waste in the city. The total quantum of solid waste generated per day in Delhi
is estimated to be 7,700 MT. Of this, an estimated 6000MT are collected and disposed. Currently,
different types of waste streams in the city, including municipal waste, bio-medical waste,
construction debris, industrial waste slaughter house waste, electronic wasteetc are all mixed.
Waste from different parts of the city is transported to three landfill sites, located at Gazipur,
Balaswa and Okhla. The issues related to the status of Solid Waste in city are summarized below:

The existing landfills (dump-sites) are almost full. They need to be closed immediately in a
scientific manner, and new sanitary landfills (SLF) need to be developed and commissioned at
the earliest possible.
Treatment of wastes is almost non-existent. Treatment facilities dedicated to different waste
streams, to the extent possible, need to be developed
Open 'dhalao' (masonry bin) is still the major receptacle for MSW in Delhi. These lead to
exposure of the waste to the environment and multiple handling (from depositing of waste to
its loading into the collection vehicle)

E.1.5 Traffic and Transportation

The PWD, MCD, DDA, DTTDC and MUD are responsible for the construction and maintenance of
roads in the city; whereas urban transport is managed by Transport department.

The road network length in Delhi was 28,500 km in March 2001 up three times increase from 8,380
km in 1971-72. The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as focal point with
Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH 8)
Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T.Road (NH-1), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass
forming the radials; and Mahatma Gandhi Road (Ring Road), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road
forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major arterials carrying bulk of
the traffic in the city. During morning and evening peak hours 55-60 per cent of the major arterials
have travel speeds less than 30 kmph, while even in off peak hours 40-45 per cent of major
arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph. While the large number of signalized intersections
in the city has led to excessive travel time and fuel consumption, the construction of fly-overs has
only shifted the location of congestion.

Urban Delhi is predominantly dependant on road based transport systems as railways caters to only
about 1% of local traffic demand (excluding the Metro). The overall capture of public transport
services in the city is only 60 per cent of total trips. Of this, the metro currently accounts for 15
per cent. The widespread distribution of employment centers all over the urban space of Delhi has
contained the growth in length of trips. Over 33 per cent of total trips are short trips (less than 15
mins duration)

The percentage distribution of categories of motor vehicles in Delhi shows that there has been a
rapid increase in the number of cars during 1990-2000; while there has been a decline in the other
category of vehicles. About two third of motor vehicles are two wheelers, though a decreasing
trend in that share has been observed since 1990. On the other hand, due to arrival of low priced
small cars and easy financing mechanisms, there is an indication of a shift from two wheelers to
cars. The share of cars has increased from 22% in 1991 to 31% in 2005. The issues related to traffic
and transportation management in the city are presented below:

The high growth rate of vehicular traffic volumes on roads causing congestion, delay, safety
issues, pollution.
The low capture of public transport systems, due to lack of integration of various modes.
The need to ensure the safety of pedestrians, who accounting for 55%, of total causalities in
accidents (1999).
Inadequate parking, leading to congestion and delays on major arterial network.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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E.1.6 Storm Water Drainage

The DJB, MCD and PWD are jointly responsible for the construction and maintenance of drains in
the city. Storm water drainage in Delhi is a complex situation, owing to the combination of a
number of natural and man-made drainage systems five drainage basins; large natural drains;
storm water drains along roads; and combined sewer-cum-storm water drains (sometimes as a
bypass arrangement for blocked sewer lines). Most of the water collected through different
drainage systems finally gets discharged into the river Yamuna. The length of natural drains in the
city is 350 km carrying discharge of 1000 m3, whereas the total length of drains is 1700 kms spread
over 12 municipal zones.

The BOD levels of waters in 90 % of city drains indicate that the discharge is comparable to a range
of weak to strong domestic sewage. The main issues related to the sector are

Storm water drains carry considerable quantities of raw and untreated effluents
Lack of maintenance, leading to chocked drains.
Lack of coordination in planning and construction of roads and drains

E.1.7 City Heritage

The ASI, State Dept. of Archaeology, the DDA, MCD, INTACH and DUAC jointly manage the citys
heritage areas. Delhi encompasses a vast range of heritage typologies, including archaeological
sites; civic buildings and complexes; religious structures and complexes; historic gardens; hunting
lodges; living settlements such as the historic Walled City; the planned city of New Delhi as well as
traditional networks associated with systems of water harvesting and management. These heritage
resources continue to be of great significance and relevance to any sustainable development
planning vision for Delhi.

However, heritage in the city suffers from a lack of integration with the planning process and
contemporary requirements, as a result of which, it is gradually being degraded and lost. In 1913,
there were 411 identified heritage buildings in Zone A, whereas these have reduced to 231 in 2000.
This, and other issues related to urban heritage are outlined below:

Lack of integration with development processes in the city
Heritage resources are threatened by over-densification, uncontrolled and inappropriate
construction due to the non-enforcement of guidelines for development in their vicinity
Multiplicity of organizations and lack of effective, coordinated action.

E.1.8 City Environment

The DPCC, CPCB, CGWB, MCD and DJB are responsible for regulating and monitoring the state of
the citys environment. Delhis unprecedented rate and scale of urbanization over the last few
decades has placed enormous stress on the natural resources of the city. In comparison to the
urbanization rate in the last 50 years, the rate of environmental degradation has grown at a much
higher rate. This includes the loss of green cover, loss of biodiversity and aesthetics; increasing air
pollution, surface and ground water pollution; loss of water bodies, receding water table, high
incidence of diseases and mortality. The transport, domestic and industrial sectors are the major
contributors to the rise in ambient air pollution levels (although certain background sources such as
desert dust also contribute). Most of the 916 lakes, ponds and reservoirs reported to have existed in
city have been depleted. Rejuvenation is being taken for a few (Sanjay Lake, Hauz Khas). The most
pressing environmental concern is the continued degradation of the river Yamuna, due to the
dumping of untreated effluents into its waters. Issues related to the status of city environment are
presented below:

Unsustainable extraction of ground water
Weak management of natural resources, leading to degradation of the ridge, the river and
surface water bodies
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Air, ground water and noise pollution

E.1.9 Urban Governance

The institutional framework for urban management in Delhi consists of a multiplicity of agencies, at
both central and state levels, responsible for various aspects of planning, land management, urban
infrastructure and its management. The institutions/agencies involved in performing city level
functions include Central Government Agencies and State Government Agencies. The issues related
to city institutional set up are discussed in Table below

Issues Status
National Functions
versus local functions
Delhi, being the National capital, has to serve certain functions directly under the jurisdiction
of Central Government. These clashes with the establishment of an effective local government
incorporating citizens participation.
Implementation of 74
th

CAA
Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi has not been able to implement the 74
th

Amendment to the Constitution.
Major decisions in planning and implementing the Master Plan are still taken by a Central
Government Agency, that is, DDA.
MCD has been trying to introduce the new system of Local Area Plans (LAP), through
amendments to Unified Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP violates the Delhi
Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi Municipal Corporation Act.
Since legislation is not enacted by the GNCTD, necessary institutional mechanisms such as the
DMPC are not in place.
Overlapping of
jurisdiction

There is a lack of clarity over departmental responsibilities for land use planning,
development, maintenance and enforcement. The geographical boundary of the State
Government and MCD are co-terminus, and their functions are almost the same. In other
cases, administrative and functional sub-divisions do not match. This has resulted in
ineffective and uncoordinated decision making and actions. For eg., the boundaries of the
revenue districts and the MCD zones do not match.
Overlapping of
functions
Delhi Development Authority (DDA) has failed to identify and coordinate with the State
Government.
Other Infrastructure
Sectors
Multiplicity of Organizations
Lack of coordination and no common data base for management
Conflicting and overlapping jurisdictions eg.: three different agencies are responsible for
storm water drainage in the city

E.2 City Assessment: Basic Services to Urban Poor

E.2.1 Urban Poor and Slums

In Delhi, as in other urban areas of the country, slums and urban poverty, they are a pressing issue.
The percentage of people below poverty line (BPL) stood at 49.61% for Delhi in 1973-74. This figure
has declined steadily and stood at 10.02% in 2001. It is reported that 85% of the poor are squatters,
and are vulnerable to frequent eviction. 6% of the poor live in rented accommodation and have to
pay a substantial portion of their income for rent.

Slums in Delhi are classified as (a) Notified Slums in Old Walled City area: There are 319 katras in
the Walled City area with about 3,000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have
been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of inhabitants. (b) JJ Clusters or
Squatter settlements: These are scattered all over the city. In Delhi, over 80 percent of lands
occupied by slums belong to the DDA. (c) Resettlement Colonies: Under the schemes for
resettlement of JJ clusters, 44 resettlement colonies were developed during 1961-77. Around 2.0
Lakh plots were developed accommodating about 2.4 lakh households. These resettlement colonies
have degenerated due to intense population pressures and unorganized development. (c) Relocated
JJ Clusters: There are around 11 relocation sites such as Bawana, Holambi Kalan, Papan kalan,
Rohini, Narela, Savdar Ghevada etc. The most recent relocation, of slums from central, south and
east Delhi, has been made to four principal sites - Dwarka (Papan Kalan), Rohini, Narela and Savda
Ghevada. Issues related to the urban poor and slums summarized below:

There is no clear legal framework (Act), or policy to guide interventions in this area
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Their legal security of tenure is diminishing in official rehabilitation programmes over the years
There is a low rate of in-situ up-gradation of existing JJ clusters, although this is recommended
as the first course of action
Over 80% of residents do not have access to infrastructure and public services at relocation
sites. In addition, these are far removed from work centers, and lack connectivity

E.3 SWOT Analysis

On the basis of the above assessment, an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats to the city was undertaken, which informed the vision and strategies for development that
were formulated thereafter.

E.3.1 Strengths
SECTORS STRENGTHS
Location & Regional Linkages: Delhi is located strategically and connected with key economic nodes in the
country.
Seat of all political and administrative power of country.
At 95%, highest level of urbanization in the country.
It is easily accessible from other mega-cities of the country
and other areas of Northern and Western India. The NHDP
project, cities connectivity from Western and Eastern
Gateways of the country has increased.
Delhi acts as nodal point for collection and distribution of
passenger and cargo traffic in Northern India.
City Economy: The citys economy is enjoying a period of high growth
GSDP is growing at a high growth rate of around 15% (CAGR at
current prices-2002-03), with the service/tertiary sector
contributing more than 76 per cent towards the economy of the
state;
High per capita income at Rs 47,477 (current prices, 2002-03)
High spending capacity / tendency
Trade and Commerce: The city has 8 major wholesale and specialized markets of regional importance. Fruit
& Vegetable Market, Azadpur and Fish & Meat Market, Gazipur are some of the major distributions centers
for commodities in the Northern and North west region of the country.
The city is well connected to regional supply chains
The city is gaining in importance as a centre of retail trade
Tourism World famous tourist destination
Attracts both domestic as well as international tourists.
Gateway to the tourist destination in the northern region such as
Jaipur, Ajmer, Agra, Varanasi etc
Heritage It is famous for its heritage and culture, both built and unbuilt
Walled City of Delhi has 1000 heritage structure and 25 historical
monuments.
Administrative Reforms: State Government is undertaking various institutional and legislative reforms.
Pro active government
State on a reform path with initiatives such as Bhagidari.

E.3.2 Weaknesses
SECTORS WEAKNESSES
Infrastructure: Inadequacies in the water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage and transport
infrastructure
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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SECTORS WEAKNESSES
Lack of solid waste management facilities (for treatment and disposal) in the city
leading to indiscriminate dumping of garbage and land pollution.
Existing dumping sites are saturated and no new ones have been developed
Lack of drainage and sewerage network especially in the newly developed areas.
The surface drains are used for carriage of 25-30% sewerage, leading to environment
hazards
Lack of infrastructure facilities like water supply, sewerage, road and drainage in
the unauthorized colonies; urban villages and colonies developed by private
developers.
Inadequate capture public transport system, due to inherent weaknesses, leading to
skewed traffic composition on the road network of the city.
Lack of parking space in the city.
Lack of tourism infrastructure facilities
Inadequate public conveniences.
Disposal of untreated industrial wastes and sewage in Yamuna River.
Urban Growth and Land Management
Haphazard growth of the city due to lack of provision of developed land and
infrastructure. Areas include urban villages; resettlement colonies and unauthorized
colonies
High population density within the walled city & Extension and East Delhi planning
Division. Moreover low density development in RK Puram; Motibagh; Vinay
Nagar..etc
Rate of Unauthorized developments and illegal land subdivisions are increasing in
urban pheriphery and village settlements.
Lack of parks and open spaces.
Violation of rules, byelaws by the public and residents of walled city- leading to the
loss of heritage in the walled city.
Overcrowding of businesses and people in the walled city.
Conservation
Lack of integration of heritage concerns with planning process
Lack of proper database management in each sector especially in the Heritage and
Infrastructure development.
Absence of clear-cut guidelines and responsibilities of various organizations.
Lack of awareness among in the city people towards heritage conservation.
Ineffective maintenance of heritage sites like Red Fort, Qutab Minar etc as well as
buildings in the walled city and Extension areas.
Urban Environment
Degradation of River Yamuna
Loss of traditional water systems.
Extreme Depletion of ground water.
Degraded air quality.
Congestion of major arterial roads and commercial area of the city.
Contamination of piped water with sewerage.
Chocked drains
Slums and JJ
Clusters
increasing population (& densities) in existing JJ clusters
Lack of mechanism for on-going creation of housing for the urban poor (lack of
inclusion of urban poor in city development process)
Poor infrastructure facilities in both JJ clusters and resettlement colonies and
relocation sites;
Institutional
coordination

Lack of coordination between central and state government
Lack of coordination among various departments like MCD, DDA, PWD, DJB, DUAC
etc.
Non implementation of 74th CAA in spirit-MCD does not have financial/taxation
powers, budget to be approved from Department of Local Self Government.
Overlapping jurisdictions between DDA, MCD and NDMC; DDA exercise control over
major parts of MCD Area.
Overlapping of functions between line departments.

E.3.3 Opportunities

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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SECTORS OPPORTUNITIES
Economic
competitiveness

With the availability of good connectivity, it can develop as nodal centre linked
with other economically vibrant cities. Has potential to attract private developers
and FDI in the housing and infrastructure sectors
The city has a highly entrepreneurial population
High literacy rates
High growth areas such as NOIDA and Gurgaon are located in the vicinity
Capacity to attract many tourists because of its rich heritage and culture.
Can emerge as an events capital particularly after the commonwealth games
2010
Proposed Projects Commonwealth games-2010 is likely catalyze investment to the tune of Rs 2000
Crore on development of civic infrastructure in the city.
Development of Metro Rail and its extension to other DMA towns will resolve issues
on inter and intra city connectivity
State urban reforms

City is initiating reforms in urban governance through implementation of various
governance models such Bhagidari Scheme; E-governance; Repeal of ULCR, PPP
models for project implementation etc.
Institutional reforms being considered for MCD
Heightened focus on key issues-urban slums and improvement of basic
infrastructure
Urban Heritage

Rich heritage can attract the tourists.
The local crafts from across the nation can be show-cased for attracting business
and shoppers during events such as Trade Fair and other events organized in city.

E.3.4 Threats

SECTORS THREATS
Economic Wholesale trade is concentrated in core walled city area, which attracts workers
and traders to the central location-leading to deterioration of the city
environment
Lack of adequate infrastructure to capitalize on economic opportunities (roads,
freight handling facilities etc)
Infrastructure High population growth can lead to further pressure on the infrastructure sector
in the future. Augmentation of trunk services is crucial.
Lack of sewerage system, solid waste management, poor distribution of water can
lead to health problems and epidemics in the city.
Poor infrastructure in new areas -- especially in urban extensions and urban
villages -- are a threat to quality of life.
Infrastructure provision in the slums is inadequate resulting in very poor living
conditions.
Institutional and
fiscal reforms

Capacity building of all the government organizations if inadequate would result
in non implementation of several reforms.
Fiscal reforms are a key for carrying out projects and provision of infrastructure in
a sustainable manner.
Urban Development in the city is the responsibility of Central government; and
MCD is under both Central and State Government. These overlapping roles of state
and central government have led to a non functional executive system of the city.
Conservation Lack of repair and maintenance of heritage buildings can lead to rapid
deterioration of built fabric in the walled city.
Continued negligence of heritage areas can also lead to loss in tourism revenues
Walled city and Extension faces threat in the event of disasters both natural as
well as man-made.

E.3.5 Vision & Strategies for Development

Delhis Vision is defined as follows: To become a highly livable city that offers a superior quality
of life through a robust, employment generating economy; that is safe and inclusive,
environmentally and socially sustainable; and is based on reliable infrastructure and offers a
transparent, responsive system of governance dedicated to the citys felt needs. The CDP
outlines Strategies across sectors to achieve the above vision. These are elaborated further below.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Strategy for Economic Development: The city needs to make the best use of its resources,
foremost among which is the high level of entrepreneurial ability of its people. In order to unleash
the citys true economic potential, the govt. needs to encourage and nurture these abilities
through forward looking policies and interventions. The following strategies are recommended for
sustaining the growth of the city well into the future:

Encourage high value-add services;
Organizing Low End Services;
Enhancing Quality;
The key areas identified as having most potential for driving the economic growth of the city are:
(i) IT & ITES Sector; (ii) Life Style Sector; (iii) Logistics Sector; (iv) Heritage & Tourism Sector; (v)
Education Sector.

Strategies for Civic Infrastructure Development:

Strategies identified to improve water supply system and enhance consumer satisfaction are (i)
minimize water losses in transmission and distribution and enhance overall management of
distribution; (ii) Augmentation of water supply and (iii) Promotion of efficiency in service delivery
and strengthening of cost recovery mechanisms.

Strategies for sewerage include (i) Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept
sewage (abatement of pollution); (ii) Provision of Sewer Network in un-sewered area; (iii)
Augmentation of Sewage Treatment Capacity.

The strategies for mitigating key issues in solid waste management are (i) Maximizing effective
treatment processes for different waste streams, in order to minimize land required for land fill
sites; (ii) Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient land fill sites
for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery. These broad strategies have to be
complemented by initiatives at resource-use reduction, waste minimization and pollution
prevention.

The strategies suggested for improvement of drainage system in the city are (i) Creation of an
appropriate, integrated authority to deal with the sewer drains, the storm water drains and the
natural drainage basins of the NCT area; (ii) Short-term repair and de-silting of all the drains on
emergency basis; (iii) After monitoring the functioning of the South Delhi Greenway Project for
Barapulla drain, initiating the same in the medium term for Najafgarh drain, which is by far the
largest contributor in terms of discharge into river Yamuna (51.75%).

The strategies suggested for improvement of road network and transport system in the city are (i)
Provision of safe and efficient public transport system; (ii) Encouraging the use of non-motorized
modes of passenger transport in select localities; (iii) Ensuring equitable use of space on road and
priority to pedestrians; (iv) Efficient use of existing infrastructure removal of impediments
including enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities; (v)
Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas; (vi) Development of goods
and passenger terminals on the basis of directional needs; (vii) Enhancement of road infrastructure
and (viii) Awareness and enforcement drives.

Four main strategies have been identified, for management of urban heritage. These strategies are
(i) Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation & Heritage Management;(ii)
Heritage Resource Information Management System for integration of heritage concerns within the
development plans Master Plan, Zonal, Sub-Zonal, Area Level; (iii) Area Level Conservation,
revitalization and Regeneration strategies which include supportive and linked sub-strategies for
adaptive reuse; (iv) heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential
community facilities, commercial areas, guidelines for new development in historic areas,
strengthening of linkages with surrounding contemporary development; Strategies for heritage
tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue generation, and awareness generation

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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The main strategies, under which projects pertaining to the environment have been proposed,
relate to (i) Outreach and capacity building; (ii) Enhancement of forests and green cover; (iii)
Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution.

Strategies for Slums and the Urban Poor

Strategies for urban poor and slums are derived from the established fact that the poor are not a
homogenous group, and vary widely in their requirements of shelter. This takes into account factors
such as extent of consolidation in the city, location sensitivity, physical requirement, ability to pay
as well as tenure security. Shelter options may vary from a single bed and locker in a dormitory for
the male migrant, to an independent unit. The ability to exercise choice, with a variety of options,
is thus, important, in the success of any programme to provide shelter for all categories of the
poor. In addition, pricing, location, tenure conditions, and financing are critical considerations in
catering to this segment. Strategies to reach housing for the poor include (i) In-situ rehabilitation
at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered on a long term lease hold basis (with
option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc. (ii) Development of serviced plots, to
be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying locations, for outright purchase -- connectivity to work
centers to be assured. (iii) Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying
locations single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed by trusts, or
NGOs with government support (iv) Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies (v)
Provision of housing for the urban poor on an on-going basis (vi) Reconstruction of government
owned Katras in the walled city

Recommendations on Urban Governance

The status of reform initiatives at the ULB level and State Government level to successfully
implement and operate the JnNURM projects has been reviewed. The broad agenda for further
institutional reforms are

To clearly institute a political and administrative nodal agency, which could provide effective
governance to the NCT;
To ensure that the function and powers of this agency and its constituents, match their
responsibilities and make them fully accountable.
To enable clarity of jurisdiction of various agencies coming into contact with the people and
entrusted with various responsibilities

Recommendations to achieve the above include (i) Defining and delimiting areas of the city
required to perform the functions of a National Capital (ii) to allow the State Government a say in
land and municipal management in the balance areas (iii) subdividing the MCD to create Zonal
Councils, the elected representatives of which will report to the Chief Minister (iv) to rationalize
planning divisions to match Zonal Council demarcations (v) to constitute a Metropolitan Planning
Committee to undertake planning for the entire city (vi) to constitute an Urban Renewal
Corporation to undertake renewal of select areas in the city (v) to constitute a Slum Housing
Corporation to tackle the issue of housing for the poor.

These institutional reforms will provide a basis for the state government to implement the projects
identified under JNNURM in more effective and sustainable manner.

E.4 PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

The project identification and capital investment plan have been prepared for sectors as per the
sub-missions of JNNURM. Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance; Sub-Mission-2:
Basic Services to Urban Poor

The shares of major sectors as shown the table below are water supply (7%); sewerage (11.5%);
road network & transportation (56%); and urban poor and slums (18%) respectively.

Funding Pattern: The projects for investment support in Delhi are eligible for Central assistance
under the following conditions:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
E-11

In case any JNNURM project is also approved as externally aided project (EAP), the EAP funds
can be passed through as Accelerated Central Assistance to the State Government as funds
contributed by States, ULBs, FIs; and JNNURM funds can be used as GoI contribution.
If necessary, internal resources of implementing agencies, MP or MLA Local Area Development
(LAD) Funds and MLA LAD funds may be substituted for institutional finance or State share.

a. Projects under Appraisal by Sub-Mission Directorate for Urban Infrastructure and
Governance

CG
2
SG
3

ULB/
FI
4

Rs
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
35 15 50
Strategy/Project
RS (Crore)
SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE

Water Supply 1632 535 500 330 167 100 571 245 816
Sewerage 2755 605 675 605 495 375 964 413 1378
Road Network and
Transportation System
13487 2886 3534 3986 1610 1471 4720 2023 6743
Storm Water Drainage 231 96 101 26 8 0 81 35 116
Solid Waste Management 593 222 181 101 51 38 208 89 297
Heritage and
Conservation
582 74 154 272 46 35 204 87 291
City Environment 431 137 166 78 50 151 65 215
Urban Governance 9 4 4 1 0 0 3 1 5
Other Projects 20 5 7 8 0 0 7 3 10
Street Lighting 25 5 5 5 5 5 9 4 13
SUB-TOTAL 19740 4563 5322 5407 2427 2019 6909 2961 9870

b. Projects under Appraisal by the Sub-Mission Directorate for Basic Services to the Urban
Poor

Under the guidelines, housing is not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State Government.
A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution (10 per cent in case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other
weaker sections) is stipulated.

CG SG
ULB/
FI
Project
Cost
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
35 15 50
Strategy/Project
RS (Crore)
SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC
SERVICES AND POOR

2
Central Government
3
State Government
4
Urban Local Body / Financial Institution.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
E-12

Urban Poor, Slum and
Housing
4400 1230 1208 1023 556 383 2200 - 2200
SUB-TOTAL 4400 1230 1208 1023 556 383 2200 0 2200
TOTAL 24140 5793 6530 6430 2983 2402 9109 2961 12070

E.5 FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN

The investment sustaining capacity of MCD, NDMC and DJB, the municipal fiscal situation
has been simulated, based on a Financial Operating Plan (FOP). The FOP is essentially a
multi-year forecast of municipal finances for a term of 15 years. It has been used to
forecast the revenue income and operating expenditures for the period between FY 2005-06
and FY 2019-20. The department wise capital investments are presented in the table
below. At least 5% of the investment requirements of ULBs (minimum) is proposed to be
mobilized through the private sector. Beneficiary contributions will also account for a part
(small) of this investment requirement.

Department wise
Investment
Rs
Crore 2007-08
2008-
09 2009-10 2010-11
2011-
12

Central Government
Contribution 9109 2212.05 2466.7 2403.95 1127.45 898.15
State Government
Contribution 2961 684.45 798.3 811.05 364.05 302.85
ULB / FI Share
(Break-up)
MCD 1390 365 409.5 367.5 135.5 113
NDMC 44 6.5 9 11 10 7.5
DJB 2194 569.5 587 467.5 331 237.5
DDA 600 156 192.5 125 71.5 54.5
DIMTS 3253 652.5 650 925 512.5 512.5
DSIDC 293 97.5 110.5 52.5 33 0
Forest Department 4 2 1.5 0.5 0 0
PWD 2495 638 841.5 767.5 148.75 98.75
Revenue Dept. 2.5 1.25 1.25 0 0 0
Slum Department 1055 222.5 225 299 167.5 141.5
STA 7 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5
TRAFFIC POLICE 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0
UDD 12 3.25 4.25 4.5 0 0
INTACH 2 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5
GNCTD State
Archaeology 117 11 32 60 5 9
DTTDC 43 3.5 15.5 17.5 6.5 0
ASI 22 11.75 8.25 1.4 0.35 0.25
Private Investment
(min.) 535 155.5 172.5 113.5 68.75 24.75
Total (ULB's / FI's
share) 12070 2898.5 3264 3215 1492 1201
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
E-13

GRAND TOTAL 24140 5795 6529 6430 2984 2402

The cumulative O&M cost (over 5years 2007 2012) of various projects is Rs 4974 Crore
(refer table below). In order to meet the O&M cost, due to new investments, it has been
proposed to revise the unit area value, water tax (normal revision of water tax as per DJB
norms are proposed), sewerage tax and other revenue sources.

Total
Cost
O & M -
Government
O & M -
Private
O & M -
Beneficiary
Total
O&M
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
Water Supply 1632.0 446.7 0.0 0.0 446.7
Sewerage 2755 615 0.0 0.0 615
Road Network and
13487 1954.7 1218.5 0.0 3173.2
Storm Water Drainage 231 37.6 0.0 0.0 37.6
Solid Waste Management 593 0 50.8 0.0 50.8
Heritage and Conservation 582 32 19 0.2 51.2
City Environment 431 5.6 34 0.0 39.6
Urban Governance 9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2
Other Projects 20 0.6 0.0 0.0 1
SUB-TOTAL
19740 3092.4 1322.3 0.2 4415.3
SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR
Housing
4400 228.7 67.3 262.4 558.4
SUB-TOTAL 4400 228.7 67.3 262.4 558.4
TOTAL
24140 3321.1 1389.6 262.6 4973.7

By instituting prudent fiscal measures and reforms, the MCD will be able to enhance its
revenue from the current level (2005-06) of Rs. 2019 Crore to Rs. 5,098.7 Crore in 2011-12.
A large part of this is anticipated to accrue from property tax revenues. The ULB is
undertaking reform measures in this area, including instituting on-line filing of taxes from
01-04-2007; and digitization and computerization of property tax records, which is due to
be completed by 2008-09. This will enable efficiencies to be enhanced in both coverage and
collection.

IL&FS ECOSMART
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
A-1

ABBREVIATIONS

ACGR : Annual Compound Growth Rate
AIIMS : All India Institute of Medical Science
ASI : Annual Survey of Industries
ATC : Area Traffic Control
bgl : Below Ground Level
BOD : Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand
BPL : Below Poverty Line
BPO : Business Promotion Offices
C&D : Construction and Demolition
CAGR : Cumulative Annual Growth Rate
CBD : Central Business District
CBR : Crude Birth Rate
CDP : City Development Plan
CDR : Crude Death Rate
CETP : Combined Effluent Treatment Plant
CGWB : Central Ground Water Board
CIP : City Investment Plan
CP : Connaght Place
CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board
CPWD : Central Public Works Department
CSE : Center for Science and Environment
CSO : Central Statistical Office
DCB : Delhi Cantonment Board
DDA : Delhi Development Authority
DJB : Delhi Jal Board
DO : Dissolved Oxygen
DPCC : Delhi Pollution Control Committee
DSIDC : Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation
DTC : Delhi Transport Corporation
DTTDC : Delhi Transport and Tourism Development Corporation
DU : Dwelling Unit
DUAC : Delhi Urban Art Commission
DUEIIP : Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project
DWCUA : Development of Women and Children in Urban Area
EIUS : Environment Improvement of Urban Poor
EMI : Employment Market Information
EPPCA : Environment Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority
ETF : Eco Task Force
EWS : Economic Weaker Section
FAR : Floor Area Ratio
FOP : Financial Operation Plan
FY : Financial Year
GNCTD : Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi
GoI : Government of India
GSDP : Gross State Domestic Product
GT : Grand Trunk
Ha : Hectare
IIT : Indian Institute of Technology
IMR : Infant Mortality Rate
INTACH : India National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage
ISBT : Interstate Bus Terminus
JJ : Jhuggi Jhopari
JJC : Jhuggi Jhopari Clusters
JNNURM : Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission
kms : Kilometers
L&DO : Land and Development Organisation
Abbreviations

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
A-2

LIG : Low Income Group
MCD : Municipal Corporation of Delhi
MGD : Million Gallon per Day
MLD : Million Litre per day
mm : millimeter
MPD : Master Plan for Delhi
MRTS : Mass Rapid Transit System
MSW : Municipal Solid Waste
NCR : National Capital Region
NCT : National Capital Territory
NDMC : New Delhi Municipal Corporation
NEERI : National Ecological and Environment Research Institute
NGO : Non-Government Organisation
NH : National Highways
NHAI : National Highways Authority of India
NOIDA : New Okhla Industrial Development Authority
NOx : Oxides of Nitrates
NRY : Nehru Rozgar Yojna
NSDP : Net State Domestic Product
NSSO : National Sample Survey Organization
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
OAE : Own Account Enterprises
PAH : Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon
PPH : Persons per Hectare
PPP : Public Private Partnership
PWD : Public Works Department
RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete
SJSRY : Swarna Jaynti Saw Rozgar Yozana
SLF : Sanitary Landfill
SO
2
: Sulphur Di-oxide
SPM : Suspended Particulate Matter
Sq.kms : square kilometers
STP : Sewage Treatment Plant
SWOT : Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats
TERI : The Energy Research Institute
TFR : Total Fertility Rate
UDD : Urban Development Department
UIE : Urban Industrial Extension
USEP : Urban Self Employment Programme
UT : Union Territory
UWEP : Urban Wage Employment Programme
WJC : Western Jammuna Canal
WTP : Water Treatment Plant
YAP : Yamuna Action Plan

IL&FS ECOSMART

Table of Contents
City Development Plan Table of Contents

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi
Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................1-1
1.1 BACKGROUND.................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 CONCEPT & PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ..................................... 1-2
1.2.1. Objective of City Development Plan...................................................... 1-2
1.3 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - A PROCESS............................................................ 1-2
1.3.1 City Assessment: Analysis of Existing Situation ..................................... 1-3
1.3.2. Development of Strategic Agenda and a Vision for the City.................... 1-4
1.3.3. Evolving Strategies for Development .................................................... 1-4
1.3.4. Developing a City Investment Plan and Financing Strategy .................... 1-5
1.4 STRUCTURE OF REPORT................................................................................... 1-5
CHAPTER-2 CITY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ...........................................2-1
2.1 INTRODUCTION LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE................................. 2-1
2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS ................................................................................... 2-1
2.2.1 Area and Population............................................................................ 2-1
2.2.2 Population Growth, spatial distribution and Density............................... 2-2
2.2.3 Natural Increase ................................................................................. 2-3
2.3 MIGRATION PATTERN ...................................................................................... 2-3
2.3.1 Origin and composition of Migrants ...................................................... 2-3
2.3.2 Socio-economic characteristics............................................................. 2-4
2.4 LITERACY RATE................................................................................................ 2-4
2.5 GENDER RATIO................................................................................................ 2-5
2.6 SOCIAL COMPOSITION..................................................................................... 2-5
2.7 POPULATION PROJECTION ............................................................................... 2-6
2.7.1 Annual Average Growth Rate............................................................... 2-6
2.7.2 Projected Population ........................................................................... 2-7
CHAPTER - 3 CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE...............................................3-1
3.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Economic Planning............................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 ECONOMIC PROFILE......................................................................................... 3-3
3.2.1 City GDP Growth and Sectoral contributions....................................... 3-3
3.2.2 Trends ............................................................................................... 3-4
3.2.3 Main Sectors and trends - Employment and Revenue ............................ 3-5
3.2.4 Work Participation Rate....................................................................... 3-7
3.3 PRIMARY SECTOR ...........................................................................................3-12

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3.4 SECONDARY SECTOR ......................................................................................3-12
3.4.1 Industry ............................................................................................3-13
3.5 TERTIARY SECTOR..........................................................................................3-16
3.5.1 Trade, Hotels & Restaurants ...............................................................3-17
3.5.2 Retail Trade.......................................................................................3-17
3.5.3 Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business.........................................3-17
3.5.4 Unorganised Trade.............................................................................3-18
3.5.5 Estimated Employment.......................................................................3-18
3.5.6 Financial Indicators ............................................................................3-18
3.5.7 Other Features...................................................................................3-19
3.6 ISSUES ...........................................................................................................3-19
CHAPTER 4 CITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE........................................4-1
4.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE.................................................................. 4-2
4.3 URBAN ENVIRONMENT BASELINE ..................................................................... 4-7
4.3.1 Land-use ............................................................................................ 4-7
4.3.2 Industrial Activity................................................................................ 4-8
4.4 URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY....................................................................... 4-8
4.4.1 Air Quality .......................................................................................... 4-8
4.4.2 Water Quality ....................................................................................4-11
4.4.3 Noise ................................................................................................4-13
4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES................................................................................4-14
4.5.1 Depletion of Resources.......................................................................4-14
CHAPTER - 5 LAND MANAGEMENT & URBAN GROWTH .......................5-1
5.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 CONSTITUENT OF DELHI .................................................................................. 5-1
5.3 EXISTING CITY ASSESSMENT............................................................................ 5-2
5.4 LOW DENSITY AREAS IN CITY .......................................................................... 5-6
5.5 STATUS OF SPECIAL AREAS.............................................................................. 5-7
5.6 UNAUTHORIZED & UNORGANIZED COLONIES ................................................... 5-8
5.7 URBAN VILLAGES ............................................................................................. 5-9
5.8 STATUS OF SHELTER IN CITY........................................................................... 5-9
5.9 STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT..........................................................5-10
5.10 ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ...................................................................5-13
5.11 LAND DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT ........................................................5-13
5.12 EFFORTS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT.............................................................5-14

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5.13 PROVISIONS OF NCR PLAN 2001 & 21..............................................................5-21
5.14 ISSUES OF LAND & GROWTH MANAGEMENT ....................................................5-21
CHAPTER - 6 URBAN POOR AND SLUM ................................................6-1
6.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 POVERTY PROFILE OF DELHI ............................................................................ 6-1
6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF POOR............................................................... 6-1
6.4 POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES ............................................................. 6-3
6.5 SLUMS / JJ CLUSTERS ...................................................................................... 6-3
6.6 SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS/JJ CLUSTERS............................................................ 6-3
6.6.1 Location and Distribution of JJ Clusters ................................................ 6-4
6.6.2 Growth of Squatter Settlements ........................................................... 6-5
6.6.3 Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters ................................................. 6-6
6.6.4 Access to Infrastructure in Slums/JJ Clusters ........................................ 6-6
6.7 SLUM DEVELOPMENT POLICES & STRATEGIES .................................................. 6-9
6.7.1 Walled City Slum (Katra) Clearance and Improvement........................... 6-9
6.7.2 JJ Clusters and Squatter Settlements...................................................6-10
6.7.3 Tenure Funding Mechanisms ..............................................................6-11
6.7.4 Financial Performance of Slum Improvement .......................................6-11
6.8 ISSUES OF SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS ......................................................................6-12
CHAPTER - 7 CONSERVATION & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT.................7-1
7.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 7-1
7.1.1 Existing framework for Conservation and Integrated Heritage
Management for Delhi. ........................................................................ 7-4
7.1.2 Agencies Involved in Planning and Implementation of Heritage
Conservation ..................................................................................... 7-5
7.2 INVENTORY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES OF DELHI ............................................7-13
7.3 WALLED CITY OF SHAHJEHANABAD & WALLED CITY EXTENSIONS....................7-14
7.3.1 Development Pattern .........................................................................7-14
7.3.2 Existing Situation ...............................................................................7-15
7.3.3 Priorities for Heritage Management .....................................................7-17
7.4 HISTORIC URBAN VILLAGES ............................................................................7-19
7.4.1 Development Pattern .........................................................................7-19
7.4.2 Development Requirements................................................................7-19
7.5 HISTORIC RURAL VILLAGES.............................................................................7-20
7.6 HISTORIC & TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.............................7-20
7.7 LEGAL FRAMEWORK - EXISTING LEGISLATION, DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT POLICIES..........................................................7-21

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7.7.1 Centrally protected and State protected monuments, structures and
sites..................................................................................................7-21
7.8 TECHNICAL & MANAGEMENT ISSUES ...............................................................7-21
CHAPTER - 8 CITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM.........................................8-1
8.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 8-1
8.2 HISTORY OF DELHI WATER SUPPLY.................................................................. 8-1
8.3 PRODUCTION SYSTEM...................................................................................... 8-2
8.3.1 Sources of Water ................................................................................ 8-2
8.3.2 Treatment System .............................................................................. 8-2
8.3.3 Transmission and Distribution System.................................................. 8-4
8.3.4 Unaccounted Flow of Water................................................................. 8-5
8.4 WATER PRICING AND RECOVERY...................................................................... 8-6
8.5 ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND..................................................................... 8-6
8.6 AUGMENTATION SCHEMES FOR WATER SUPPLY................................................ 8-6
8.7 WATER QUALITY.............................................................................................. 8-7
8.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING............................................................................... 8-7
8.9 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION....................................................................... 8-8
CHAPTER - 9 CITY SEWERAGE SYSTEM................................................9-1
9.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 9-1
9.2 SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEM......................................................................... 9-1
9.2.1 Sewerage Facilities in Rural Villages ..................................................... 9-2
9.2.2 Sanitation in Slum and JJ Cluster ......................................................... 9-2
9.3 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) ........................................................ 9-3
9.4 TREATMENT SYSTEM........................................................................................ 9-3
9.4.1 Type of Treatment .............................................................................. 9-5
9.5 DISPOSAL SYSTEM........................................................................................... 9-6
9.6 SEWERAGE CHARGES AND COLLECTIONS ......................................................... 9-6
9.7 INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER............................................................................. 9-7
9.8 PERFORMANCE OF CETP'S AT FULL DESIGN LOAD............................................. 9-9
9.9 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION....................................................................... 9-9
CHAPTER-10 STORM WATER DRAINAGE............................................10-1
10.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................10-1
10.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM ............................................10-2
10.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE ..........................................................10-3
10.3.1 Natural Drainage System....................................................................10-3
10.3.2 Man-made drainage System ...............................................................10-4

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10.4 ISSUES ...........................................................................................................10-5
CHAPTER-11 REVIEW OF ROAD NETWORK AND TRANSPORT
SYSTEM.........................................................................11-1
11.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................11-1
11.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS EXISTING SYSTEMS....................................................11-2
11.2.1 Transport Network .............................................................................11-3
11.2.2 Road Network....................................................................................11-3
11.2.3 Rail Network......................................................................................11-4
11.3 TRANSPORT NETWORK DELHI ......................................................................11-5
11.3.1 Vehicular Growth Trends ....................................................................11-5
11.3.2 Road Accident Trends ........................................................................11-6
11.3.3 Traffic Characteristics.........................................................................11-7
11.3.4 Traffic Speeds....................................................................................11-7
11.3.5 Parking..............................................................................................11-8
11.3.6 Traffic Intensities...............................................................................11-8
11.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................... 11-10
11.4.1 Intra Urban Movements.................................................................... 11-10
11.4.2 Intercity Movements ........................................................................ 11-11
11.4.3 Public Transport & Para Transit System............................................. 11-11
11.4.4 City Bus Service ............................................................................... 11-11
11.4.5 Ring Railway.................................................................................... 11-12
11.4.6 Delhi Metro Rail ............................................................................... 11-13
11.4.7 MRTS Phase-I .................................................................................. 11-13
11.4.8 Intermediate Public Transport System............................................... 11-13
11.4.9 Inland Water Transport .................................................................... 11-13
11.5 EMERGING ISSUES........................................................................................ 11-14
CHAPTER 12 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ......................................12-1
12.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................12-1
12.2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................12-1
12.2.1 Legal Framework ...............................................................................12-1
12.2.2 Institutional Framework......................................................................12-2
12.3 WASTE GENERATION AND COLLECTION...........................................................12-3
12.3.1 Waste Collection Services ...................................................................12-3
12.3.2 Waste Generation ..............................................................................12-3
12.3.3 Constituents of Waste ........................................................................12-4
12.3.4 Waste Collection and Storage .............................................................12-6

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12.3.5 Waste Transportation.........................................................................12-6
12.3.6 Processing and Disposal .....................................................................12-6
12.3.7 Construction and Demolition Debris.....................................................12-9
12.4 CONSTRAINTS TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ...................... 12-11
CHAPTER-13 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...................................13-1
13.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................13-1
13.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT-NCTD ............................................................13-1
13.3 MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI ..............................................................13-2
13.3.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-2
13.3.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-2
13.3.3. Issues ...............................................................................................13-3
13.4 DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ..................................................................13-4
13.4.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-4
13.4.3. Institutional Issues.............................................................................13-5
13.5 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) AND DELHI POLLUTION
CONTROL COMMITTEE (DPCC) ........................................................................13-5
13.5.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-5
13.6 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) AUTHORITY (EPCA)
FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION .............................................................13-6
13.6.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-6
13.7 DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION (DUAC) .........................................................13-7
13.7.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-7
13.8 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD (NCRPB)..................................13-7
13.8.2. Function............................................................................................13-8
13.9 DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION..................................................................13-9
13.9.2. Functions ........................................................................................ 13-10
13.10 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) .................................................... 13-10

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13.10.1. Constitutional Framework ................................................................. 13-10
13.10.2. Functions and Powers ...................................................................... 13-10
13.10.3. Institutional Issues........................................................................... 13-11
13.11 GNCTD SET-UP ............................................................................................ 13-11
13.12 DELHI JAL BOARD (DJB)............................................................................... 13-11
13.12.1. Constitutional Setup......................................................................... 13-11
13.12.2. Functions ........................................................................................ 13-12
13.13 DELHI TRANSPORT CORPORATION............................................................... 13-12
13.13.1. Summary of Issues .......................................................................... 13-12
CHAPTER-14 REVIEW OF URBAN FINANCE .........................................14-1
14.1 TOWARDS A CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FINANCIAL ASPECTS.........................14-1
14.2 REVIEW OF THE EXISTING FISCAL AND FINANCIAL SITUATION........................14-1
14.3 OVERVIEW OF MCD FINANCES.........................................................................14-1
14.3.1 Revenue Account ...............................................................................14-3
14.3.2 Capital Account..................................................................................14-8
14.3.3 Key Issues and Conclusions ................................................................14-9
14.4 OVERVIEW OF NDMC FINANCES .................................................................... 14-10
14.4.1 Revenue Account ............................................................................. 14-11
14.4.2 Capital Account................................................................................ 14-15
14.4.3 Key Issues and Conclusions .............................................................. 14-17
14.5 OVERVIEW OF DJB FINANCES........................................................................ 14-17
14.5.1 Revenue Account ............................................................................. 14-18
14.5.2 Capital Account................................................................................ 14-19
14.5.3 Key Issues & Conclusion................................................................... 14-20

CHAPTER-15 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION........................................15-1
15.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................15-1
15.2 CITY STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE.........................................................................15-1
15.2.1 Primary Stakeholders.....................................................................................15-1
15.2.2 Secondary Stakeholders.................................................................................15-2
15.3 SECTOR WISE VIEWPOINT OF COMMUNITY .....................................................15-3
15.3.1 Sewerage System..........................................................................................15-4
15.3.2 Storm Water Drainage System .......................................................................15-5
15.3.3 Solid Waste Management...............................................................................15-5
15.3.4 Transportation ..............................................................................................15-6
15.4 PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRESENT LEVEL OF SERVICE DELIVERY...............15-7
15.4.1 View on Water Supply....................................................................................15-7
15.4.2 View on Sewerage.........................................................................................15-8
15.4.3 View on Drainage ..........................................................................................15-8

ToC -

viii
15.4.4 Slum and JJ clusters ......................................................................................15-8
15.4.5 Views on Traffic and Transportation Sector .....................................................15-8
15.4.6 Views on Solid Waste Management ................................................................15-8
15.4.7 Willingness to Pay for Services .......................................................................15-9
15.5 STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP ............................................................................15-9

CHAPTER-16 CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT...............................................15-1
16.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................15-1
16.2 STRENGTHS....................................................................................................15-1
16.3 WEAKNESSES..................................................................................................15-2
16.4 OPPORTUNITIES .............................................................................................15-3
16.5 THREATS ........................................................................................................15-4
16.6 CONSOLIDATED ISSUES ..................................................................................15-5
CHAPTER 17 VISION & DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .......................17-1
17.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................17-1
17.2 VISION STATEMENT........................................................................................17-1
17.3 STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT......................................................17-2
17.4 KEY SECTORS .................................................................................................17-4
17.4.1 The IT & ITES Sector.....................................................................................17-4
17.4.2 The Life Style Sector......................................................................................17-5
17.4.3 The Logistics Sector.......................................................................................17-5
17.4.4 Heritage & Tourism Sector .............................................................................17-6
17.4.5 Education Sector ...........................................................................................17-7
17.5 STRATEGY FOR CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT..................................17-7
17.5.1 Strategy for Water Supply..............................................................................17-7
17.5.2 Strategy for Sewerage ...................................................................................17-8
17.5.3 Strategy for Solid Waste Management ............................................................17-9
17.5.4 Strategy for Drainage .................................................................................. 17-10
17.5.5 Strategy for Traffic and Transport ................................................................ 17-11
17.5.6 Strategy for Urban Heritage ......................................................................... 17-12
17.5.7 Strategy for Environmental Management ...................................................... 17-13
17.6 STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION TO THE URBAN
POOR............................................................................................................ 17-15
CHAPTER - 18 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK..........................................18-1
18.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................18-1
18.2 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT OPTIONS .............................................................18-1
18.2.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................18-1
18.2.2 Sewerage System..........................................................................................18-2
18.2.3 Road Network and Transportation System ......................................................18-4
18.2.4 Storm Water Drainage ...................................................................................18-7
18.2.5 Solid Waste Management...............................................................................18-9
18.2.6 Heritage and Conservation........................................................................... 18-10
18.2.7 Urban Environment...................................................................................... 18-13

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ix
18.2.8 Urban Governance....................................................................................... 18-15
18.2.9 Other Development Projects......................................................................... 18-15
18.2.10 Urban Slums and Poor ............................................................................... 18-16
18.3 SUMMARY OF COSTS..................................................................................... 18-17
CHAPTER 19 PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN................19-1
19.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................19-1
19.2 WATER SUPPLY...............................................................................................19-1
19.2.1 Summary of strategies...................................................................................19-1
19.3 SEWERAGE SYSTEM ........................................................................................19-5
19.3.1 Summary of Strategies ..................................................................................19-5
19.4 ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM................................................19-7
19.4.1 Summary of Strategies ..................................................................................19-7
19.5 STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ............................................................... 19-15
19.5.1 Summary of Strategies ................................................................................ 19-15
19.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT......................................................................... 19-17
19.7 HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ............................................. 19-21
19.8 URBAN ENVIRONMENT.................................................................................. 19-30
19.9 URBAN GOVERNANCE.................................................................................... 19-34
19.10 OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ................................................................ 19-34
19.11 URBAN SLUMS AND POOR............................................................................ 19-35
19.11.1 Summary of Strategies............................................................................... 19-36
19.12 SUMMARY OF PROJECT INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................. 19-41
CHAPTER 20 FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN...................................20-1
20.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................20-1
20.2 DEPARTMENT WISE INVESTMENT....................................................................20-1
20.3 O&M COST OF INVESTMENT............................................................................20-2
20.4 NEED FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES............................................20-3
20.5 ASSUMPTIONS FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INTIATIVES ...............................20-3
20.5.1 Key assumptions for FOP ...............................................................................20-3
20.6 PROPOSED CASH FLOW OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI.....................20-8
20.7 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR DELHI JAL BOARD ............................................. 20-10
20.8 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR NDMC ............................................................... 20-11
20.9 CONCLUSION................................................................................................ 20-12

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x
CHAPTER 21 INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS..........................................21-1
21.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................21-1
21.2 REVIEW OF ISSUES IN GOVERNANCE...............................................................21-1
21.3 MEASURES ALREADY INITIATED FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE...............................21-2
21.3.1 E-Governance ...............................................................................................21-3
21.4 AGENDA AND OBJECTIVE OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS...................................21-3
21.5 NEW PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT SET-UP OF DELHI .....................................21-4
21.5.1 Safeguarding of Capital City Functions............................................................21-4
21.5.2 Land Management (in areas outside the Capital City Area)...............................21-4
21.5.3 Streamlining Structure of State and City Level Representatives ........................21-5
21.5.4 Role of Zonal Councils/Corporations (ZC)........................................................21-5
21.5.5 Rationalization of Planning Boundaries............................................................21-6
21.5.6 Metropolitan Planning Committee ...................................................................21-6
21.5.7 Role of Delhi Development Authority ..............................................................21-6
21.5.8 Constitution of Urban Renewal Corporation.....................................................21-7
21.5.10 Water Management .....................................................................................21-7
21.6 INSTITUTIONAL & IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK FOR SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS...21-8
21.6.1 Institutional Structure....................................................................................21-8
21.6.2 Funding Mechanisms .....................................................................................21-9
21.7 CONCLUSION................................................................................................ 21-10

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 1 : Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction

1-1

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

The Government of India has recently
announced the Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). The
Mission focuses on (i) improving and
augmenting the economic and social
infrastructure of cities; (ii) ensuring basic
services to the urban poor including
security of tenure at affordable prices; (iii)
initiating wide-ranging urban sector
reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate
legal, institutional and financial constraints
that have impeded investment in urban
infrastructure and services; and (iv)
strengthening municipal governments and
their functioning in accordance with the
provisions of the 74
th
Constitution Amendment Act, 1992.

The objectives of the JNNURM are to ensure:

Focused attention to integrated development of infrastructure services in
cities;

Establishment of linkages between asset-creation and asset-management
through a slew of reforms for long term project sustainability;

Ensuring adequate funds to meet deficiencies in urban infrastructure
services;

Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas,
outgrowths and urban corridors leading to dispersed urbanization;

Scaling up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis
on universal access to the urban poor;

Special focus on urban renewal programme for old city areas to reduce
congestion; and

Provision of basic services to the urban poor including improved housing,
water supply and sanitation, and ensuring delivery of other existing
universal services of the government for education, health and social
security.

JNNURM comprises of two sub-missions, namely (i) Sub-Mission for Urban
Infrastructure and Governance, and (ii) Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the
urban Poor.

DELHI

1-2

1.2 CONCEPT & PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The City Development Plan is both a planning process and a product, which
promotes partnership among the various stakeholders in a city- the city
government, the private business sector, civil society, academic, and national
government agencies- to jointly analyze growth issues, develop a vision for the
future, formulate development strategies, design programmes, prioritize
projects, mobilize resources, implement, monitor and evaluate
implementation. The CDP is anchored on the following principles of a
sustainable city.

LIVABILITY - what can be done to ensure a healthy and dignified standard of
living for the city's residents?

COMPETITIVENESS - how can the cities be more competitive in the global
economy?

BANKABILITY - how can the cities be more sustainable? How can public-private
partnerships be promoted and/or enhanced?

GOOD GOVERNANCE - how can a city's management be improved? How can
accountability, integrity and transparency be made an integral part of a city's
management?

1.2.1. Objective of City Development Plan

The goals of a City Development Plan include a collective city vision and action
plan aimed at improving urban governance and management, increasing
investment to expand employment and services, and systematic and sustained
reductions in urban poverty. In order to achieve the above goals, the objectives
of the CDP are to:

Guide & promote economic development of the city;

Develop a consensus building process to establish the city's development
priority, strategies and actions;

Assist local authorities outline their financing and investment strategies;
and, build local capacity for more effective urban management.

1.3 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - A PROCESS

A City Development Plan is a perspective of and a vision for the future
development of a city. Essentially, it addresses the following questions:

1. Where are we now?

2. Where do we want to go?

3. What do we need to address on priority basis?

4. What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision?


1-3

The framework for preparing CDP as outlined in JNNURM toolkit is presented
Figure 1.1. A key aspect in preparation of the CDP is the involvement of the
community of stakeholders in the decision process.

Figure 1.1 - Multistage Process

1.3.1. City Assessment: Analysis of Existing Situation

This is the first step in the preparation of the CDP and includes:

(a) An analysis of the existing situation focusing on demographic analysis and
economic activity, land use, financial, urban infrastructure and urban
services (like transportation, water supply, and sanitation, sewerage and
solid waste management, drainage, transport parking spaces etc) and
physical and environmental aspects including heritage areas, water bodies
etc.

(b) An assessment of the financial status of the City Government, parastatal
and other agencies dealing with service provision including an analysis of
Multi-stakeholder
Consultations
The City Assessment

Opportunities, Strengths,
risks, and weaknesses
Unmet demand / gap
Future Perspective and
Vision

Directions of Change and
expectations
Strategies for
Development

Options and strategies

Link with reform
agenda

Criteria for prioritization
City Investment Plan &
Financial Alternatives
Parameters

Demography
Economic Issues
Financial
Physical and
environment
Infrastructure
Institutions
Universalisation of
services especially
to the urban poor
Sectors / Component

Environmental
services

Social infrastructure

Urban renewal

Slum improvement
and housing for
EWS

Transport and roads
services to the
b

1-4

their credit worthiness, effectiveness and efficiency of the institutional
frameworks.

(c) Critical assessment as well as projections of the population growth,
infrastructure needs and resource requirements in the short-term, medium
term and long-term perspectives.

(d) Urban poverty, characteristics of slums e.g. social set up, availability of
urban basic and social services and on-going slum improvement programmes
etc. An assessment of the inner city and urban renewal requirements, an
analysis of present status of availability of urban basic services including the
condition of the infrastructure.

(e) Identification of existing nature of commercial and industrial establishments
and identification of industries and commercial establishments that are not
in conformity to the existing land-use planning and zoning regulations in the
inner city areas.

(f) Heritage areas, including Archaeological Heritage, Architectural Heritage,
and Architectural Conservation Areas.

(g) To highlight the "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats" (SWOT
Analysis) of the City Government / parastatal agencies and related
Government departments in the City's specific context to provide an
understanding of the factors responsible for inefficient and inadequate
production and delivery of urban services, their managerial deficiencies and
financial constraints; and to highlight critical factors that call for urgent
remedial measures at the city and State governments level.

1.3.2. Development of Strategic Agenda and a Vision for the City

Based on the outcomes of the City Assessment, the second stage envisages the
development of a Vision to guide the future development of the city,
highlighting the direction of change and working out an Action agenda for
implememntation with a specific time frame.

Based on the Vision, strategies focusing on growth management, urban
infrastructure and basic services, slum improvement, housing for EWS, provision
of basic services for urban poor, protection of heritage areas, preservation of
water bodies, redevelopment of inner city areas, etc. will be proposed. These
strategies will respond risks and opportunities facing the city with a focus on
reform and reform priorities.

The Development of a Vision will be undertaken in consultation with various
stakeholders and civil society in the city. Public consultations will focus on
broad assessment of municipal resources, possible impact on the municipal
budget and the proposal for reform to support development.

1.3.3. Evolving Strategies for Development

This element of work involves highlighting interventions to operationalize the
Vision and future development of the city. This includes:

Identification of options and strategies and their evaluation keeping in view

1-5

their contribution to the goals, objectives and the reform agenda of the
JNNURM.

Translating the strategies into programmes and projects and

Identifying the programmes that have maximum contribution to the
achievement of the city's Vision and medium term perspectives.

Prioritization of the strategies, programmes and projects needs to be done as a
consultative process with all the stakeholders.

1.3.4. Developing a City Investment Plan and Financing Strategy

This includes:

(a): Preparation of a City Investment Plan (CIP), which will include the level of
investment requirements to implement the CDP by adopting the financial norms
or standards for service provision, and their upgradation, restoration,
relocation etc, and directly estimating the cost of implementing the reform
agenda.

(b): Evaluation of financial options and strategies for financing the Vision, as
enumerated in the CDP. Areas which the city government could finance by
mobilizing resources in association with other tiers of government or financing
institutions; the probability of access to capital market; the potential of
enlisting private sector participation and steps needed to facilitate its
participation, etc.

(c): Broad strategies for financial viability of the proposed investments and
improving financial sustainability will be worked out. This would include options
for PPP in service delivery and O & M, wherever relevant. The investment
schedules will layout the costs and revenue estimates of all priority projects in
the next seven years of the Mission period. The preparation of CIP would be an
iterative process requiring the adjustments and rescheduling to make the whole
package work financially.

1.4 STRUCTURE OF REPORT

This report presents the results of the above mentioned process carried out for
the National Capital City of Delhi. Since the region around Delhi has a
considerable bearing on processes in the city, aspects of development in the
National Capital Region (NCR) have been incorporated in the assessment of key
sectors, particularly demography; economic planning; land and growth
management and transportation.

The report is presented in the following chapters:

Chapter 2 City Demographic Profile
Chapter 3 City Economic Profile
Chapter 4 City Environment Profile
Chapter 5 Land Management & Urban Growth
Chapter 6 Urban Poor and Slum
Chapter 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

1-6

Chapter 8 Water Supply
Chapter 9 City Sewerage System
Chapter 10 Storm Water Drainage
Chapter 11 Review of Road Network and Transport System
Chapter 12 Solid Waste Management
Chapter 13 Institutional Assessment
Chapter 14 Review of Urban Finance
Chapter 15 Community Consultation
Chapter 16 SWOT Analysis
Chapter 17 City Vision & Strategy
Chapter 18 Investment Framework
Chapter 19 Project and Capital Investment Plan
Chapter 20 Financial Sustenance Plan
Chapter 21 Institutional Reforms

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 2 : City Demographic Profile

2-1

CHAPTER - 2
CITY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

2.1 INTRODUCTION LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

Delhi is located in northern India
between the latitudes of 28-24-17
and 28-53-00 North and longitudes
of 76-50-24 and 77-20-37 East.
It has an area of 1,483 sq. kms. with a
maximum length of 51.90 kms and
greatest width of 48.48 kms. It shares
borders with the States of Uttar
Pradesh and Haryana.

The Yamuna River and terminal part
of the Aravali hill range are the two
main geographical features of the
city. The Aravali hill ranges are
covered with forest and are called the
Ridges; they are the citys lungs and
help maintain its environment.

The average annual rainfall in Delhi is 714 mm, three-fourths of which falls in
July, August and September. Heavy rainfall in the catchment area of the
Yamuna can result in a dangerous flood situation for the city. During the
summer months of April, May and June, temperatures can rise to 40-45 degrees
Celsius. Winters are typically cold with minimum temperatures during
December and January falling to 4 to 5 degree Celsius. February and March,
October and November are climatically the best months.

The forest cover has increased from 0.76% of the total area in 1980-81 to 1.75%
in 1994-95 and 5.93% in 2000-01. Delhis mineral resources are primarily sand
and stone, which are useful for construction activities. However, the stone
quarries in the Ridge area have been shut down since 1984 on account of
environmental considerations.

2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS

Delhi has been one of the fastest growing cities in the country, clocking over
47% decadal growth from 1991-2001, more than double the national rate. A
large part of this rapid growth has been due to the high level of migration. The
subsequent sections take a closer look at the trends.
National Capital Region:

The NCR comprises of the entire NCT Delhi, eight districts of Haryana, one
district of Rajasthan and five districts of Uttar Pradesh with a population of over
371 lakhs in 2001. The sub-regions of NCT-Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar
Pradesh accommodated 37.33%, 23.42%, 8.07% and 31.19% of NCRs population
respectively.

2-2

2.2.1 Area and Population

The annual average exponential growth rate of population of Delhi was the
highest (6.42%) during 1941-1951 due to large-scale migration from Pakistan to
India after partition in 1947. Since then the annual growth has been recorded at
4.22 % during 1951-1961; 4.25% during 1961-1971; 4.25% during 1971-1981 and
4.15% during 1981-1991. The annual growth rate of population of Delhi during
1991-2001 has been recorded as 3.85% and it is almost double the national
average.

2.2.2 Population Growth, spatial distribution and Density

Delhi was considered as a single district for Population Census 1991. In 1996,
Government of NCT of Delhi, through a Gazette Notification, created 9 districts
and 27 sub-divisions. Population Census 2001 was conducted in Delhi in each of
9 districts and 27 Sub-divisions. Ranking of districts by population, in 1991 and
2001 is given in Table 2.1

Table 2.1: District-wise population

2001 1991
District Population % to total Population % to total
Decadal
Growth
North-West 2,860,869 20.65 1,777,968 18.87 60.91%
South 2,267,023 16.37 1,501,881 15.94 50.95%
West 2,128,908 15.37 1,433,038 15.21 48.56%
North-East 1,768,061 12.77 1,085,250 11.52 62.92%
South-West 1,755,041 12.67 1,087,573 11.55 61.37%
East 1,463,583 10.57 1,023,078 10.86 43.06%
North 781,525 5.64 686,654 7.29 13.82%
Central 646,385 4.67 656,533 6.97 -1.55%
New Delhi 179,112 1.29 168,669 1.79 6.19%
Total 13,850,507 100 9,420,644 100 47.02%
Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04
Note: The population of nine districts for 1991 is derived by recasting the Census data
of 1991 Census according to the present jurisdiction of the districts.

Population Density

According to Census 2001, the density of population, in Delhi, averages 9,340
persons per sq. km. as against 6,352 persons in 1991. Density of population at
All-India level has been worked out at 324 persons per sq. km. in 2001. The
density of population in Delhi is the highest among all states / UTs in the
country. The spatial distribution of the population density in Delhi is given in
Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Density of Population (Per person Sq. kms)

Population Density
District 1991 2001
North-East 18,088 29,468
Central 26,261 25,855
East 15,986 22,868

2-3

West 11,116 16,503
North 11,471 13,025
South 6,012 9,068
North-West 4,042 6,502
New Delhi 4,791 5,117
South-West 2,583 4,179
All Delhi 6352 9340
Note: The population of nine districts for 1991 is derived by recasting the Census data
of 1991 Census according to the present jurisdiction of the districts.

2.2.3 Natural Increase

According to Civil Registration Records, birth and death rate (per000
population) have been declining since 1991. The birth rate of 28.48 per 1000
recorded in 1991, further declined to 21.25 in 2001. The death rate also
declined from 6.35 per 1000 in 1991 to 5.86 per 1000 in 2001. Infant mortality
rate declined from 32.37 per thousand live births in 1991 to 24.49 in 2001.
Table 2.3 provides the annual increase between 1991 and 2001.

Table 2.3: Birth & Death Rate
(Figures in Lakhs)
Year Population Growth
Total
Birth
Total
Death
Natural
Increase Migration
1991 95.5 3.89 2.72 0.61 2.11 1.78
1992 99.37 3.87 2.74 0.62 2.12 1.75
1993 103.38 4.01 2.7 0.64 2.06 1.95
1994 107.5 4.12 2.62 0.68 1.94 2.18
1995 111.74 4.24 2.75 0.69 2.06 2.18
1996 116.1 4.36 2.83 0.76 2.07 2.29
1997 120.57 4.47 2.89 0.71 2.18 2.29
1998 125.14 4.57 2.84 0.8 2.04 2.52
1999 129.82 4.68 2.88 0.79 2.09 2.59
2000 134.6 4.78 3.17 0.8 2.37 2.41
2001(p) 139.5 4.9 2.96 0.81 2.15 2.75

2.3 MIGRATION PATTERN

As observed from the above table, migration has been a major driver in the
population increase in the city. The key factors relating to this have been
discussed below.

2.3.1 Origin and composition of Migrants

Table 2.4 shows the last estimate for migration origin. This is based on
percentage of migration taking place from various States to Delhi during Census
period 1981 to 1991.

Table 2.4: Origin of Migrants

State of Origin % of total migration
Uttar Pradesh 49.61%
Haryana 11.82%

2-4

Bihar 10.99%
Rajasthan 6.17%
Punjab 5.43%
West Bengal 2.79%
Madhya Pradesh 2.71%
Other States 10.48%

DURATION OF MIGRATION AND EMPLOYMENT

As per a survey done by The Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi, a majority
of the migrant workers were employed as petty traders or vendors in the
service sector and manufacturing. Together these account for over 80% of the
migrant population.

Table 2.5: Occupational Characteristics of Migrant population

Dominant Occupation Migration
Category Petty
Traders
and
Vendors
Transpor
t
Workers
Workers
in
Services
Manufacturing,
Construction
and Related
Work
Casual
Workers
Total
0-5 Years 5 3 2 3 1 14
6-9 Years 15 0 3 5 0 23
10-11 Years 3 2 8 12 2 27
NCR Settlement Pattern:

There are 17 Class I cities in the NCR, including Delhi Metropolis. These
account for more than 90 % of the total urban population of the region (Delhi
alone accounts for 62%)

The highest order settlements identified in Regional plan-2001 were six
Central NCR towns and 11 priority towns/regional centers outside NCT-Delhi in
NCR. The CNCR towns were envisaged to grow to 37 lakhs against which they
actually grew to 28.11 lakhs as per the census 2001. Of these six towns, the
towns of Ghaziabad and Faridabad reached their targeted population; the rest
of the CNCR towns could not achieve their target. The planned vs actual
population figures are given in the table below.

Urban & Rural Settlement in NCR-2001

Name of Area
Actual Population
2001
Assigned Popn. as
per RP-01
Actual Popn. as % of
Assigned Population
CNCR Towns 28,10,942 37,00,000 75.97
Regional Centers
/Priority Towns
28,17,837 49,00,000 57.51
NCR (excl. NCT Delhi) 2,32,49,759 2,13,00,000 109.15
NCT-Delhi 1,38,50,507 1,12,00,000 123.67
NCR 3,71,00,266 3,25,00,000 114.15

2-5

Dominant Occupation Migration
Category Petty
Traders
and
Vendors
Transpor
t
Workers
Workers
in
Services
Manufacturing,
Construction
and Related
Work
Casual
Workers
Total
12-15 Years 26 11 27 14 8 86
Total 49 (32.7) 16 (10.7) 40 (26.7) 34 (22.7) 11 (7.3) 150
(100.0)
(NOTE: Figures in parenthesis are in percentage)
Source: The Institute of Economic Growth Delhi

2.3.2 Socio-economic characteristics

There is a clear class difference between the native residents of Delhi and the
migrants. Among the natives, a larger number are either rich or belong to the
middle class. On the other hand, among the migrants from Bihar and
Jharkhand, a large number are poor, and only 7% are rich. Similarly, most
migrants from UP and Uttaranchal are also poor. But those who migrated to this
city at the time of independence have become very rich 87% among them
have become rich or belong to the middle class. A snapshot of the economic
profile is given below.

Table 2.6: Economic Status of Migrant population

Place of origin Rich Middle Poor
Delhi 20 53 27
Bihar and Jharkhand 7 31 61
UP and Uttaranchal 10 46 45
Pakistan 36 51 13
Other states 23 49 28
Source: HT-CSDS 2003 survey

2.4 LITERACY RATE

Literacy rate in Delhi was 81.67 in 2001. The rural and urban composition was
78.05 and 82.00, respectively. The following table gives the literacy rate in
rural and urban areas of nine districts as recorded in 2001 Census.

Table 2.7: Literacy Rate

Literacy Rate (%) State/District
Total Rural Urban
State: NCT of Delhi 81.67 78.05 82.00
Districts
North West 80.57 78.62 80.77
North 80.10 78.48 80.31
North East 77.53 75.58 77.70
East 84.91 81.94 84.94
New Delhi 83.24 - 83.24
Central 79.69 - 79.69
West 83.39 76.19 83.68
South West 83.61 79.61 84.20
South 81.96 78.05 82.25


2-6

2.5 GENDER RATIO

The gender ratio of Delhi has been showing an upward trend since 1971, though
at 821, it is still much lower than the All India average of 933, in 2001. A
comparative view of the two is given in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8: Sex Ratio of population

Sex Ratio (Females per 000 Males)
Census Year
Delhi India
1901 862 972
1911 793 964
1921 733 955
1931 722 950
1941 715 945
1951 768 946
1961 785 941
1971 801 930
1981 808 934
1991 827 927
2001 821 933
Source: Delhi Statistical Handbook 2004

2.6 SOCIAL COMPOSITION

The Planning Commission estimates the proportion and number of poor
separately for rural and urban India at the national and state levels based on
the recommendations of the Task Force on 'Projections of Minimum Needs and
Effective Consumption Demands' (1979). The Task Force had defined the
poverty line (BPL) as the cost of an all India average consumption basket at
which calorie norms were met. The norms were 2400 calories per capita per
day for rural areas and 2100 calories for urban areas. These calories norms have
been expressed in monetary terms for each individual year.

Table 2.9: Monthly Per Capita Poverty Line Delhi- 1973-74/1999-2000


2-7

According to the Delhi Economic Survey 2004-2005, 6% of the people living in
Delhi are very poor and another 28% poor. If clubbed together, 34% would be
considered as poor. On the other hand, nearly 6% people in Delhi would be
considered as very rich and another 12% as rich. As such, 18% people in Delhi
are those who would be considered as belonging to the rich class. There is a big
middle class, which constitutes 48% of the population. Among the middle class,
28% belong to the upper middle class, while 20% fall in the lower middle class.

2.7 POPULATION PROJECTION

The population projection for Delhi has been provided below. This is as per the
projections given by the Census of India. The breakup has been provided by
sex, dependency and age. The estimates project a growing trend in the
population density and median age, whereas the sex ratio shows a worryingly
downward trend.

2.7.1 Annual Average Growth Rate

The demographic indicators project a marginal downturn in the population
growth rate from 2.9 per thousand to 2.7.

Table 2.10: Demographic Indicators: 2001-2025


2-8


2-9

2.7.2 Projected Population

As per the projections of Census of India, the population of Delhi is expected to
be over 24 million by 2021 and touch 28 million by 2026.

Population Projections for NCR:

The population projection for NCR for the year 2011 and 2021 is given in the
table below. The population of NCR is projected to be 641.4 lakhs by 2021.
The percentage share of NCT-Delhi is expected to decrease from 37.3% in
2001 to 37% in 2011 and thereafter to 36.6% in 2021. In Haryana Sub-region,
the percentage share is projected to consistently increase from 23.4% in 2001
to 24.9% in 2021, whereas in case of UP, it may decline marginally from 31.2%
in 2001 to 30.9% in 2021.

Population Growth in National Capital Region
Population in Lakh
Population
Projection
Sub-Region
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Decadal
Growth
Rate 61-
01
2011 2021
NCT-Delhi 26.6 40.6 62.2 94.2 138.5 51.1 179.9 234.8
Haryana 28.9 37.9 49.4 66.4 86.8 31.6 117.5 160.2
Rajasthan 11.0 14.0 17.7 22.9 29.9 28.4 37.9 48.1
Uttar
Pradesh
44.5 54.4 69.6 90.0 115.7 27.0 150.8 198.3
NCR 2072 2117.9 2189.9 2274.5 2371.9 35.2 2497.1 2662.4

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 3 : City Economic Profile

3-1

CHAPTER - 3
CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi is rapidly emerging as a world-class metropolis. With a 15% average
compounded growth rate, it has one of the fastest growing economies in the
country, among cities with million plus population. As with all metros, Delhis
economy is driven by the services sector, which accounts for 78% of its GSDP
and provides employment to 58% of the labour force.

The growing affluence of its populace is reflected by the relatively high per
capita income, which at Rs. 47,477 in 2002-03 ranks second only to Chandigarh.
Its literacy rate of 81.82% (as per census 2001) is fourth highest among states in
the country. At the same time, this affluence acts as a magnet for immigration
from neighboring states and drives the rapid growth in the Citys population. As
per the 2001 census the City had a decadal growth rate of 46.31% over 1991,
which was more than double the All India growth rate.

On the one hand the growing population, coupled with the growing per capita
income is fuelling the growth of the services sector, which in turn provides
employment to a majority of the work force. The high proportion of
immigration also provides a ready pool of resources for the unorganized sector
of the City, which constitutes a significant portion of the overall economy of
Delhi.

However, it is necessary to study the various aspects of the economy to
understand the dynamics further and formulate a coherent strategy for the
future.

3.1.1 Economic Planning

Economic planning for Delhi is presently undertaken at the State level, by the
Planning Department of the Govt. of National Capital Territory of Delhi. This
section takes a quick look at the economic planning agendas over the last few
years, and the present trends.

Of the Rs. 15,541.28 crore approved by the Planning Commission as plan outlay
for the 9th Five Year Plan for Delhi, the tentative expenditure in the 9th Five
Year Plan would be about Rs. 13,469.68 crore. It is about 87% of the original
approved outlay.

The details of outlay and expenditure during Annual Plans under the 9
th
Five
Year Plan are presented below in Table 3.1:

Table 3.1: Details of outlay & expenditure during Annual Plan under 9
th
Five
Year Plan
(in Crores)
S.
No.
Annual Plan Allocation of Plan
Outlay
Revised Estimate Expenditure
1. 1997-98 2331.73 2073.00 1978.31
2. 1998-99 2700.00 2365.86 2054.56

3-2

S.
No.
Annual Plan Allocation of Plan
Outlay
Revised Estimate Expenditure
3. 1999-2000 3000.00 2500.00 2298.20
4. 2000-2001 3300.00 3300.00 3129.11
5. 2001-2002 3800.00 4200.00 4009.50
Source: Introduction to the Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07 document of the GNCTD

During the last two plans (8
th
& 9
th
), Infrastructure areas like Energy, Transport,
Urban Development and Water Supply received a majority of the funding,
indicating the focus of the Govt. on Urban Infrastructure, which required major
up gradation, driven by the rising population and expectations. Table 3.2, given
below, shows the investments in each of the priority sectors.

Table 3.2: Priorities Sectors of Eighth Five-Year Plan & Ninth Five-Year Plan
(Rs. in crore)
S. No. Name of the
Sectors
8
th
Five Year
Plan (1992-
97) Expn.
9
th
Five Year
Plan (1997-
02) Outlay
9
th
Five Year
Plan
Anticipated
Expn.
10
th
Plan
Outlay
(2002-07)
1 Transport

851.94 3158.40 2260.69 5446.71
2 Energy

1549.40 3046.55 3589.70 3457.50
3 Urban
Development

966.11 2070.75 1998.07 2940.25
4 Water Supply

895.30 2540.00 1896.88 3766.00
5 Medical &
Public Health

407.36 1101.40 1032.31 2223.50
6 Education
(Gen. &
Tech.)
609.18 1080.75 1132.15 1840.00
7 Social
Welfare
34.82 108.60 133.70 322.50
8 Welfare of
SC/ST/OBC
38.48 87.25 36.50 158.00
9 Others 855.73 2347.58 1389.65 369.29
Grand Total 6208.32 15541.28 13469.68 20523.75
Source: Introduction to the Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07. Document of the GNCTD

The Tenth Plan outlay has been made based on various studies done by the
concerned Departments and the 20 year perspective Delhi Urban Environment
and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP) 2021 formulated with the
Ministry of Environment & Forest, GoI. The outlays for the priority sectors
under this plan indicate a continued emphasis on the infrastructure aspects
that characterized the previous plans, as shown in the table above.

3.2 ECONOMIC PROFILE

3.2.1 City GDP Growth and Sectoral contributions

This section provides a review of the present position of the City Economy.


3-3

Estimates at Current Prices

Delhi has a strong and vibrant economy. Gross State Domestic Product at
current prices was to the tune of Rs. 66,866 crores during 2001-02 depicting a
7.0% growth over the previous year (Table 3.3). Quick estimates at Rs. 74,474
crores for 2002-03 indicate 11.4% growth at current prices. Net State Domestic
Product at current prices for the year 2002-03 is estimated to touch Rs. 68747
crores indicating a growth of 11.6% over the previous year (Table 3.4)

Table 3.3 Percentage Growth over previous year
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
GSDP
1. At Current Prices 11.4 18.2 7.0 11.4
2. At 1993-94 Prices 4.6 13.6 4.2 7.9
NSDP
1. At Current Prices 11.8 18.8 7.0 11.6
2. At 1993-94 Prices 4.6 14.2 4.2 8.1

Estimates at 1993-94 Prices

GSDP at 1993-94 prices was estimated at Rs. 40,900 crores for 2001-02
indicating a real growth of 4.2% over the previous year (Table 3.5). However
real annual growth for the year 2002-03 (Rs. 44,135 crores) is expected to be
7.9% as compared to 4.0% at the national level. NSDP at 1993-94 prices was
estimated at Rs. 37,366 crores with 4.2% annual growth for the year 2001-02.
However the annual growth for 2002-03 (Rs. 40,396 crores) is expected to be at
8.1% (Table 3.6).

The real growth in sectoral GSDP for 2002-03 is expected to be -2.0% in the
primary sector, 6.4 % in the secondary sector and 8.5 % in the tertiary sector.

Figure 1 Year-Wise Growth of GDP at Current Prices

23.1
9.8
19.1
22
15.2
11.4
18.2
7
11.4
17.4
17
15.9
11.8
15
10.2
8
9.9
7.6
0
5
10
15
20
25
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
Year
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
Delhi All India

3-4

3.2.2 Trends

Gross State Domestic Product of Delhi, at current prices, estimated at Rs.
74,474 crores during 2002-03, has shown an annual compound growth rate of
15.11% over the estimate of Rs. 20,992 crores in 1993-94. Similarly, annual
compound growth rate at 1993-94 prices has been 8.61% for the corresponding
period.

The Net State Domestic Product at current prices for 2002-03 has been
estimated of Rs. 68,747 crores, indicating an annual compound growth rate of
15.38% over the corresponding estimate of Rs. 18,967 crores in 1993-94. At
1993-94 prices, NSDP is projected at Rs. 40,396 crores in 2002-03 registering an
annual compound growth rate of 8.76 %. The comparative picture of Delhi vis--
vis All India is depicted below:

Table 3.4: Annual Compound Growth (Between 1993-94 & 2002-03)

DELHI ALL INDIA
GSDP/GDP
1. At Current Prices
2. At 1993-94 Prices

15.11%
8.61%

12.47%
5.98%
NSDP/NNP
1. At Current Prices
2. At 1993-94 Prices

15.38%
8.76%

12.5%
5.89%

Per Capita Income

According to the present series, the per capita income of Delhi at current
prices is projected at Rs. 47,477 in 2002-03 compared to Rs. 43,751 in 2001-02.
The annual growth rates for 2001-02 is 3.2% respectively. Quick Estimates
indicate an annual growth of 8.5% during 2002-03.

The per capita income of Delhi at 1993-94 prices is projected at Rs. 27,898 in
2002-03 compared to Rs. 26,550 in 2001-02, registering an annual growth of 5.1
%. However in real terms per capita income at National level has been
estimated at Rs. 10,964 during 2002-03 (CSO Estimates)

Delhis per capita income is more than double the national average, both at
current and constant prices as indicated below:

Table 3.5: Per Capita Income (in Rs.)

1993-94 2001-02* 2002-03# A.C.G.R. 1993-94
to 2002-03
At Current Prices
Delhi 18,166 43,751 47,477 11.26%
All India 7,690 17,947 18,912 10.52%
At Constant (1993-94)
Prices

Delhi 18,166 26,550 27,898 4.88%
All India 7,690 10,774 10,964 4.02%
N.B.: * - Provisional, # - Quick, ACGR Annual Compound Growth Rate.


3-5

3.2.3 Main Sectors and trends - Employment and Revenue

This section provides a review of the present position and trends in the income
and employment generation potentials for the three main sectors of the City
Economy.

States / UT Wise Position

Table 3.6 provides the provisional results of the fifth economic census in States
/ UTs in respect of key features. NCT of Delhi has secured a share of 1.79% in
enterprises and 4.12% in terms of employment in the total for the country.

Table 3.6: Key Features of the Economy

Parameters Delhi All India Position
Total Enterprises
- Share of All India
753,795
1.79%
42,123,849

16
Average Annual Growth Rate:
- Enterprises
- Employment

1.36
2.21

4.8
2.49

33
18
Percentage Enterprise Employing 10+
persons
2.7% 1.4% 10
Percentage of Enterprises in non-Agri
Business
99.3% 84.7% 1
Total Employment
- Share of All India
4,080,033
4.12%
98,967,642 11
Hired Workers Percentage 76.6% 52.4% 6
Female Workers Percentage 10.5% 19.3% 34
Source: Fifth Economic Census 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD

Sectoral Review

The analysis of sectoral growth in Gross State Domestic Product at current
prices reveals that contribution of primary sector comprising of agriculture,
livestock, forestry, fishing, mining & quarrying and also the secondary sector
comprising of manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply and construction is
decreasing. On the contrary, the tertiary sector, also called the service sector,
comprising of trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage, communication,
financing & insurance, real estate, business services, public administration and
other services, is the major contributor to the economy of Delhi, increasing
regularly.

The contribution of primary the sector, which was 3.85 % during 1993-94, has
come down to 1.13% in 2002-03. Similarly the contribution of the secondary
sector recorded at 25.20% in the base year has also declined to 21.90% in 2002-
03. On the other hand, the contribution of the tertiary sector which worked out
to 70.95% in 1993-94 has increased to 76.97% in 2002-03.

A comparative picture regarding the shift in sectoral composition of GSDP in
Delhi is available in Table 3.7 below.


3-6

Table 3.7 - Sectoral Growth of Economy at Current Prices
(in Rs. Lakhs)
Sector 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Primary 76,757 80,465 82,601 79,912 84,361 84,452
Secondary 889,763 878,711 1,370,739 1,356,687 1,460,876 1,629,390
Tertiary 3,781,896 4,349,952 4,821,690 5,380,169 5,940,281 6,668,633
Gross State
domestic
product
4,748,416 5,300,965 6,273,293 6,818,546 7,480,683 8,382,475

Sectoral composition of Gross State Domestic Product at 1993-94 prices also
indicates the same trend as that of current prices but with slight variations in
percentages. During 2002-03 contribution of the primary, secondary and
tertiary sector was 1.17%, 22.54% and 76.29% respectively.

Table 3.8 Sectoral Composition of GSDP in Delhi
(in Percentage)
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Sector 1993-
94 Current Constant Current Constant Current Constant
Primary 3.85 1.29 1.37 1.23 1.29 1.13 1.17
Secondary 25.2 21.92 22.96 22.13 22.86 21.9 22.54
Tertiary 70.95 76.79 75.67 76.64 75.85 76.97 76.29
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

The reasons for the shift in the sectoral composition of the Delhi Economy may
be attributed to the rapid urbanization and consequential reduction in
agricultural and allied activities on one hand; and substantial increase in
activities pertaining to the services sector on the other. Regular monitoring of
environmental degradation by different Government agencies on the directives
of the Honorable Supreme Court and subsequent closure of polluting industrial
units also contributed to the reduction of output of the secondary sector.

NCR Review:

The industrial activities in NCR have been developing over a span of more
than three decades during which substantial structural changes have taken
place. Industrial development in NCR, to a large extent, is characterized by
the Scale Factor i.e developments could be easily characterized in terms of
large and medium units, small scale industries and development in tiny
unorganized units.

3-7

3.2.4 Work Participation Rate

This section provides a review of the present position and trends in the
employment and distribution of workers based on various parameters including
geographical, industry segment, enterprise type, etc.

Distribution of Enterprises

The number of enterprises found to be operating in the geographical boundaries
of NCT of Delhi during 2005 was 753,795. Out of them only 27,695 (3.67%) were
in rural areas and 726,100 (96.33%) in urban areas. Enterprises have been
classified into two broad groups with respect to type of premises viz.
Enterprises with premises and without premises (i.e. moving type).

NCR Review Worker Participation:

The Central NCR towns, namely, Bahadurgarh, Faridabad, Gurgaon,
Gaziabad, NOIDA, with a workforce participation rate of 29.50% in 1991 had
a very low proportion of primary workers (5.16%) a moderately high
proportion of secondary worker (37.29%) and a high proportion of tertiary
workers (57.55%).

The Regional Centers as identified as in the Regional Plan 2001 in totality
represented a workforce participation rate of 27.10% in 1991 as compared
to 26.6% in 1981.
NCR Sectoral Review:

The organized industrial sector consisting of the large and medium units and
SSI in NCR has developed both in terms of number of units as well as in
terms of growth in terms of growth of different industries.

In Haryana Sub-Region, units are manufacturing engineering goods,
consisting of metal products and parts, machine tools and electric
machinery show highest percentage distribution. Electric machinery, metal
products and parts, chemical products and parts, textile products constitute
the major sectors in UP Sub-Region. In Rajasthan Sub-Region, metal
products and parts, textile products and transport equipments along with
chemicals, non-metallic mineral products and basic metal products
constitute the major sectors.

3-8

Table 3.9 - Distribution of Enterprises


Analysis of related data revealed that out of the total enterprises 87.23% were
enterprises operating with fixed premises and rest of the 96,238 enterprises
accounting for 12.77% were operating without any fixed premises. About 2.68%
of the total enterprises were the found to be employing more than 10 workers.

Break-up of enterprises, as shown in Table 3.10 in terms of the agricultural and
non-agricultural type revealed that 5,328 (0.71%) belong to the former category
and 748,467 (99.29%) to the latter. There has been a substantial drop in rural
enterprises between 1998 and 2005, of over 25%, whereas urban enterprises
have shown a growth of over 10% in the same period.

Table 3.10 - Number of Enterprises under 4
th
& 5
th
Economic Census


Distribution of Number of Persons Usually Working

The total number of persons usually found to be working in the enterprises of
Delhi worked out to 4,080,033 persons. The share of rural and urban enterprises
with respect to employment was about 1.79% and 98.21% respectively. Out of
the total workers, 3,123,667 (76.56%) were hired workers and of the rest,
nearly 23.44%, were household workers.


3-9

Table 3.11 - Employment under 4
th
& 5
th
Economic Census (Number pf
persons)


Employment in the Fifth Economic Census when compared to that Fourth
economic Census registered an overall increase of about 16.54% during the
period 1998-2005. However, there was a drop of nearly 15% in employment in
rural areas.

Average Employment

The average number of persons usually working in each enterprise comes to
5.41 persons in Delhi. In Rural Delhi, this average was 2.64 persons per
enterprise while in urban areas it was as high as 5.52 persons per enterprise. In
comparison to the fourth economic census (1998) the overall average
employment per enterprise registered a marginal increase from 5.10 person per
enterprise to 5.41 persons in the fifth economic census (2005).

Table 3.12 - Average Employment under Fifth & Fourth Economic Census
(Number of persons)


The average number of hired persons per enterprise was 1.57 and 4.24 persons
for rural and urban areas respectively.

District-Wise Profile

The basic enterprise data is presented district-wise in Table 3.13 below. Based
on the Fifth Economic Census, the North-West District with a share of 17.33% in

3-10

the total number of enterprises is leading the table. This is closely followed by
the South District (14.16%) and West District (13.39%). In the case of
employment, the South District with a 16.80% share is in the forefront. It is
followed by the North-West District (14.35%) and the West District (11.36%).
New Delhi District is ranked least, both in the case of the number of enterprises
and employment among the 9 districts for obvious reasons.

Table 3.13 - District- wise numbers of Enterprises with Selected Principal
Characteristics


Worker Characteristics

The following Table indicates the estimated distribution of population in Delhi
according to the 48
th
, 55
th
and 57
th
rounds (July 2001 to June 2002) of NSS under
state sample:

Table 3.14 - Estimated Distribution of Population
(in lakhs)
S.
No.
Particulars 48th Round
(Jan.-Dec. 1
992)
55th Round
(July 1999-June
2000)
57th Round
(July 2001 to
June, 2002)
1 Employed 32.61 (33.04%) 38.94 (29.29%) 41.75 (29.93%)
2 Unemployed 1.96 (1.99%) 5.59 (4.20%) 2.95 (2.12%)
3 Labour Force (1+2) 34.57 (35.02%) 44.54 (33.49%) 44.70 (32.05%)
4 Out of Labour
Force
64.14 (64.98%) 88.44 (66.51%) 94.80 (67.95%)
5 Estimated
Population (3+4)
98.71 (100.00%) 132.98 (100.00%) 139.50 (100.00%)
6 Percentage of
unemployed person
to Labour Force
5.67 12.55 6.60
Note: Household Consumer Expenditure in Delhi (Based on NSS 57
th
Round 2002)-Dept. of Eco. &
Stats)

From the above Table it may be seen that while the total number of persons as
well as the labour force increased in absolute terms, there was a decrease in
relative terms from 34.57 lakh in (48
th
Round) to 44.54 lakh (55
th
Round) and
44.70 lakh in 57
th
Round (2002).

The distribution of the work force by type of activities as per 48
th
round (Jan.-
Dec. 1992) and 55
th
round (July 1999-June 2000) is given in Table 3.15 below.


3-11

Table 3.15: Distribution of Workforce by Type of Activities
(in lakhs)
S. No. Activities 48
th
Round 55th Round
1 Agriculture 0.92 (2.82) 0.60 (1.54)
2 Mining - -
3 Manufacturing 7.84 (24.04) 8.78 (22.55)
4 Electricity, Gas, Water etc. 0.09 (0.28) 0.11 (0.29)
5 Construction 1.78 (5.46) 2.26 (5.78)
6 Trade, Hotel, and Restaurants 6.85 (21.01) 11.31 (29.05)
7 Transport, Communication etc. 2.59 (7.94) 2.91 (7.47)
8 Finance and Business Activities 1.53 (4.69) 2.49 (6.40)
9 Public Admn., Education, Health
etc.
11.01 33.76) 10.48 (26.92)
Total 32.61 (100.00) 38.94 (100.00)
Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentages

From the above table it may be seen that as per the 55
th
Round of NSS (2000),
the major sources of employment in Delhi are Trade, Hotels and Restaurants
(29.05%) followed by Public Administration, Educations, Health etc.(26.92) and
Manufacturing (22.55%)

The statuswise distribution of work force as per 48
th
round (1992), 55th round
(2000) and 57
th
round (2002) of NSSO Surveys, given in Table 3.16 shows that
out of the total work-force, the number of self-employed persons increased
from 13.05 lakh (33.51%) in 55
th
round to 14.61 (35.00%) lakh in the 57
th
round.
The regular/wage salaried persons increased from 22.91 lakh (58.84%) in 55
th

round (2000) to 25.21 lakh (60.38%) in 57
th
round (2002).

Table 3.16: Distribution of Workforce
(in lakhs)
Urban Rural Total S.
No.
Descripti
on 48
th
55
th
57
th
48
th
55
th
57
th
48
th
55
th
57
th

1 Self-
employed
10.00 11.91 14.17 1.22 1.14 0.44 11.31
(34.68%)
13.05
(33.51
%)
14.61
(35.00%)
2 Regular /
Wage
Salaried
17.11 20.87 22.88 1.61 2.04 2.33 18.72
(57.41%)
22.91
(58.84
%)
25.21
(60.38%)
3 Others /
Casual
Wage
Labourers
2.41 2.71 1.86 0.17 0.27 0.07 2.58
(7.91%)
2.98
(7.65%)
1.93
(4.62%)

4 Total
Work
Force
29.61 35.49 38.91 3.00 3.45 2.84 32.61
(100.00%)
38.94
(100.0
0%)
41.75
(100.00
%)
Source: Annual Plan On Manpower & Employment 2005-06, Manpower & Employment Office,
Planning Department, GNCTD

Informal Sector

The informal sector contributes significantly in generation of employment and
income. Of the total of 17.45 lakh persons employed in 8.38 lakh enterprises in
the informal sector during June 1999 -July 2000, 8.50 lakh (48.72%) were
employed in trading activities. Manufacturing sector accounts for 4.12 lakh
persons (23.60) followed by other service sectors.


3-12

Organized Sector

As per the Employment Market Information (EMI) of Dept. of Employment, Govt.
of NCT of Delhi, employment in the organized sector declined slightly from 8.45
lakh in March 1998 to 8.39 lakh in March 2004.

Unemployment

According to the results of 48
th
& 55
th
Rounds of NSSO conducted during 1992
and 1999-2000, 1.96 lakh and 5.59 lakh persons were found to be unemployed
during the period (Table No. 3.14). As per NSS 57
th
Round conducted during
2002, 2.95 lakh persons were found unemployed.

Table 3.17 - Distribution of Unemployed Persons by Level of Education
Attained

S.
No.
Education Level Male Female Total % of Total
1 Illiterate 32525 57563 90088 16.11
2 Literate+ Primary 50080 36989 87069 15.57
3 Middle 51183 43708 94891 16.97
4 Secondary 61074 41804 102878 18.40
5 10+2 26114 39980 66094 11.82
6 Graduate &
Others
47912 70198 118110 21.13
Total 268888 290242 559130
% of Total 48.09 51.91 100.00 100.00
Source: Annual Plan on Manpower & Employment 2005-06, Manpower & Employment Office,
Planning Department, GNCTD

From the above table it may be seen that out of the total unemployed persons,
graduates and others constitute 21.13%; followed by those educated up to
secondary level (18.40%). Educated unemployed persons constitute 83.89% of
the total estimated unemployed persons in Delhi during 2000.

3.3 PRIMARY SECTOR

The Primary sector has seen a steady decline in terms of share in the GSDP.
This is to be expected as rural and agricultural lands are developed to cater to
the rapid urbanization of the city. A quick snapshot of the income of the
various types of enterprises in this sector is given in the table below.

Table 3.18 - Net Income and Growth in the Primary Sector
(in Rs. Lakhs)


3-13

The sector has been more or less stagnant over the last 10 years.

3.4 SECONDARY SECTOR

The Secondary sector has seen a steady decline in terms of its share of GSDP.
One of the major factors was the policy of shifting polluting industries out of
the NCT area. This has lead to a general slow down in industrial activity as can
be seen from the chart below. However, the major factor of growth in this
sector has been the performance of the construction industry, which at 21.39%
CAGR is the highest in all the industrial segments. A quick snapshot of the
income of the various types of enterprises in this sector is given in table 3.19
below:

Table 3.19 : Net Income and Growth in the Secondary Sector
(in Rs. Lakhs)


3.4.1 Industry

During the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) in 2003-04, there were 3193
factories in the organized sector. The primary characteristics of these
industries have been shown below in Table 3.20

Table 3.20: Important characteristics of the organised industrial (Factory)
sector during 2003-2004


3-14

No. of Factories Covered
S .No Type of Organisation
Census Sample Total
1 Individual Proprietorship 36 953 989
15.06% 32.26% 30.97%
2 Joint Family (HUF) 0 26 26
0.88% 0.81%
3 Partnership 74 1001 1075
30.96% 33.89% 33.67%
4 Public Limited Company 50 103 153
20.92% 3.49% 4.79%
5 Private Limited Company 79 871 950
33.05% 29.49% 29.75%
6 Govt. Deptt. Enterprises 0 0 0
7 Public Corporation 0 0 0
8 Co-operative Societies 0 0 0
9 Others 0 0 0
TOTAL 239 2954 3193
100% 100% 100%
Organised Industry

The summary results
revealed that during the
reference period of ASI
2003-2004, a larger
number of factories were
engaged in manufacturing
of wearing apparel,
dressing and dying of fur
(17.71%); followed by
manufacture of fabricated
material product except
machinery (8.55%);
manufacture of machinery
and equipment (8.49%);
and manufacture of rubber
and plastic product
(6.66%); manufacture of publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded
media (6.42%) These five industries together account for 45.7 percent of the
total working factories, provide employment to 58.24 percent of the total
employees and utilize 51.98 percent of fixed capital stock. Their share in the
gross value of output and net value added by manufacture were 37.33 and
44.84 percent respectively.

The study during the Annual Survey of 2002-03 reveals that:

1. Factories under the group partnership numbering 1075 (33.67 %) were the
highest in the factory sector; followed by individual proprietorship-989
(30.97%); Private Limited Company-950 (29.75%); Public Limited Company-
153 (4.79%); Joint Family (HUF)-26 (0.81%) in that order.

2. In the Census Sector, Pvt. Ltd.
Companies number 79
(33.05%), Partnerships-74
(30.96%), Public Limited
Company-50 (20.92%),
Individual Proprietorship-36
(15.06%) and other
organisation as Joint Family
(HUF), Govt. Dept., Public
Corporation & Co-op Society
are Nil.

3. The pattern in the Sample sector, however was slightly different i.e.
Partnership 1001 (33.89%) occupied the top position, followed by Individual
Proprietorship 953 (32.26%), Private Ltd. Company 871 (29.49%), Public Ltd.
Company 103 (3.49%), Joint Family (HUF) 26 (0.88%) in that order.

Household Industries

The Report on Unorganised Service Sector in Delhi, based on the data
collected during the 57
th
NSS survey, indicates that nearly 69.25% of the total
enterprises in the unorganized service sector in Delhi were household
The Census Sector consists of the
following categories:
Units having 100 or more workers and
All factories covered under Joint return
and contributing significantly in terms of
GVA.

Sample sector: All industrial units of the
entire ASI frame minus the Industrial units
of the Census Sector will form the sample
sector.

3-15

enterprises, employing about 2.21 lakh workers. As per the 4
th
Economic
Census, the total number of Own Account Enterprises (OAE), which are the
same as household enterprises, is 329,190. Of this, Retail Trade accounted for a
whopping 135,398 followed by Transport at 34,991 and Manufacturing & Repair
at 34,659.

Unorganized Industry

The pattern of enterprises and employment in the unorganized industrial sector
is very similar to that of the organized sector. Here too the manufacturing of
wearing apparel, dressing and dying of fur has the largest representation with
27.42% followed by manufacture of fabricated metal at 13.93% and
manufacture of furniture at 10.82%. These sectors also provided the highest
employment with 30.22%, 10.14% and 9.65%, respectively.

Table 3.21: Distribution of Enterprise and Employment by Type in the
Unorganized Sector

DELHI
Description Enterprises Rank Employment Generated Rank
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Manufacture of
Wearing Apparels;
Dressing & Dyeing of
Fur 52168 27.42 1 239948 30.22 1
Manufacture of
Fabricated Metal
Products, Except
Machinery &
Equipment 26499 13.93 2 80515 10.14 2
Manufacture of
Furniture; Mfg. NEC 20586 10.82 3 76646 9.65 3
Manufacture of Food
Products & Beverages 17986 9.45 4 56084 7.06 5
Manufacture of
Textiles 15898 8.35 5 75273 9.48 4
Manufacture of
Rubber & Plastics
Products 9520 5 6 38023 4.79 6
Manufacture of Paper
& paper Products 6873 3.61 7 27608 3.48 8
Publishing, Printing &
reproduction of
Recorded Media 5454 2.87 8 22054 2.78 10
Manufacture of
Machinery &
Equipment 5254 2.76 9 29520 3.72 7
Manufacture of
Electrical Machinery
& Apparatus 4549 2.39 10 26820 3.38 9
Tanning & Dressing of
Leather: Mfg. Of
Luggage, Handbags,
Footwear etc. 4133 2.17 11 18605 2.34 12
Manufacture of Basic
Metals 3968 2.09 12 17550 2.21 14

3-16

DELHI
Description Enterprises Rank Employment Generated Rank
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Manufacture of Motor
Vehicles, Trailers 7
Semi-Trailers 3615 1.9 13 17866 2.25 13
Manufacture of
Radio, Television &
Communication
Equipment &
Apparatus 3148 1.65 14 21480 2.7 11
Manufacture of Wood
Products 2869 1.51 15 8261 1.04 17
Manufacture of
Chemicals &
Chemical Products 2707 1.42 16 14711 1.85 15
Manufacture of
Medical, Precision &
optical Instruments,
Watches & Clocks 2606 1.37 17 10098 1.27 16
Manufacture of Other
Transport Equipment 1250 0.66 18 6560 0.83 18
Manufacture of Other
Non-Metallic Mineral
Products 704 0.37 19 3106 0.39 19
Recycling 378 0.2 20 3004 0.38 20
Manufacture of
Office, Accounting &
Computing Machinery 94 0.05 21 209 0.03 21
Manufacture of
Tobacco Products 18 0.01 22 117 0.01 22
Total 190277 100 794058 100
Source: Report on Unorganised Manufacturing Activities in Delhi, 56
th
Round

3.5 TERTIARY SECTOR

The tertiary sector, accounting for 76% of the GSDP of Delhi, is also the fastest
growing. Banking & Insurance and the Real Estate & Business Services showed
the highest growth rates at 20.17% and 17.22% CAGR between 1993-94 and
2003-04. Overall the sector growth at 16.53% was the highest of all the 3
sectors.

Table 3.22 Net Income and Growth in the Tertiary Sector (in Rs. Lakhs)


3-17


The major industries under this sector, in terms of income are Banking &
Insurance and Trade, Hotels & Restaurants at 30.21% and 25.56% respectively as
per the figures shown above for 2002-03. Other areas of potential growth
include Real Estate and Other Services.

3.5.1 Trade, Hotels & Restaurants

Trade, along with Hotels & Restaurants accounts for over 43.5% of the total
enterprises in Delhi and contributes to nearly 20% of its GSDP. The figure below
shows the breakup by enterprise group. This sector has been growing at a near
14% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2002-03.

As per the Fourth Economic Census, there were 268,091 enterprises under the
Trade classification, which employed a total of 694,034 persons. Of this Retail
Trade accounts for the highest number in terms of enterprises and
employment.

3.5.2 Retail Trade

The Retail Trade sector accounts for 33.7% of the enterprises in Delhi. A
majority of the enterprises in this sector are in the unorganized category
accounting for 135,398 enterprises against 95,735 in the organized category.
These enterprises provide employment to 535,887 persons.


3-18

3.5.3 Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services

Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services accounts for only 4.25% of
the total enterprises in Delhi though it contributes to over 33% of its GSDP. This
sector has been growing at over 19% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2002-03.

As per the Fourth Economic Census, there were 29,153 enterprises employing a
total of 207,465 persons.

3.5.4 Unorganised Trade

As per the report on Unorganised Sector in Delhi (based on NSS 57 during 2001-
02) the total numbers of enterprises operating in NCT of Delhi and falling within
the purview of unorganised service sector were estimated as 244,873.

Out of them, 11,467 (4.68%) were in rural areas while 233,406 (95.32%) were
operating in urban areas. Of these, 169,577 (69.25%) were household
enterprises (OAE) operating without any hired labour and 75,296 (30.75%) were
establishments with at least one hired worker.

In Delhi, Community / Social / Personal service activities, including other
transport accounted for 22.57% followed by Real estate, Renting and Business
activities with 14.38% share while Restaurants contributed 14.06%. These three
categories taken together contributed for more than 50 percent of the total
number of enterprises.

3.5.5 Estimated Employment

The total employment provided by the un-organised service sector enterprises
was about 5.92 lakhs. Out of the total employment, 15,885 persons (2.68%)
were employed in rural enterprises while 575,909 persons (97.32%) were
employed in the enterprises operating in urban Delhi.

Household enterprises (OAEs) employed about 2.21 lakh persons, (37.36%)
whereas 3.71 lakh persons (62.74%) were gainfully employed in establishments.
Out of the total persons employed 47.86% were working owners, 47.03% hired
workers and the rest of 5.11% fall in the category of other workers which
includes un-paid house hold workers, helpers etc. Of these, female employees
accounted for only 15.5%.

The average employment of own account enterprises stood at 1.3 persons and
in establishments this was as high as 4.93 persons, though out of the total of
278,335 hired workers, more than 70% were found to be skilled.

Enterprises dealing with Community/Social/Personal services etc accounted for
19.44% followed by Health & Social Work with 16.12 %, and Restaurants which
contributed 15.62 % of the total employment. These enterprises taken together
provide employment to more than 50 % of the persons employed in this Sector.

3.5.6 Financial Indicators

Delhi has recorded the highest combined Gross Value Added per worker as well
as per enterprise among 35 States / UTs in the country.


3-19

The Gross Value Added per annum, per enterprise, in the unorganised service
sector was Rs. 1.52 lakhs. The Value Added per worker in this sector was
estimated as Rs. 62,998 per year. Value added per worker in OAEs was Rs.
37,844 and that of establishments was Rs. 77,939 per annum. The Value Added
per worker was relatively high in enterprises located in urban areas (Rs. 63,770)
as compared to that of (Rs. 35,011) enterprises located in rural areas.

About 20.03% of these enterprises were expanding, 52.61% were stagnant,
10.93% were contracting as per the assessment of the entrepreneurs.

3.5.7 Other Features

About 25.30% of these enterprises were household based. 57.93% have
independent premises outside the household and 16.77% were mobile / hawkers
type. Of these, 94.28% enterprises were proprietary in nature. The major
problems faced by the entrepreneurs included shortage of capital (16.42%),
local problems (13.64%), competition from other units (13.35%) and power cuts
(10.14%).

The share of enterprises found registered under some authority or act was
93.25% among Own Account enterprises and 91.17% among establishments. Only
3.14% of the enterprises in Delhi have availed any type of assistance.

3.6 ISSUES

Overall the economy of Delhi appears to be on a pretty sound footing. The
growth rate and the sectoral trends are quite in line with global trends for very
large cities. However, there are a few points of concern. The major points
include:

1. The comparatively large influx of low quality manpower from neighboring
states could skew the skill level available.

2. The lack of focus on major value-add sectors like Software, BPO,
Communications and Biotechnology is likely to lead to a situation where the
Value-Add per employee / enterprise would be affected adversely. It is
ironic that these sectors which have established a strong presence and a
fast growth trajectory in the NCR towns like Gurgaon and NOIDA, yet have
to make much headway in Delhi.

3. The highly skewed sex ratio in the employment sector, with 15% females in
the workforce.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 4 : City Environment Profile

4-1

CHAPTER 4
CITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhis unprecedented rate and scale of urbanization over the last few decades
has created enormous stress on the natural resources of the city. In comparison
to the urbanization rate in the last 50 years, the rate of environmental
degradation grew at a much higher rate. The alarming fact is that it has not
ended. This degradation includes loss of green cover, loss of biodiversity and
aesthetics, air pollution, surface and ground water pollution, loss of water
bodies, receding water table, high incidence of diseases and mortality.
According to World Bank estimates, the pollution itself caused nearly 9900
deaths in the year 1995.

Environment degradation cannot be cured. The cure is never complete, losses
are too high and remediation is far too expensive. Given this complex scenario,
the approach to manage and control has to be strictly adhered to, which will
support the smooth development of the city.

This chapter gives a description of the existing status of environmental
conditions in the city of Delhi

4.1.2 Environmental Management

Environmental regulation, although not new
to India, has been given focus only in the
eighties. Although the laws are
comprehensive, enforcement has been weak
and this has been one of the major causes
of environmental degradation in Delhi.
There are several regulatory agencies operating at the national and city level
for implementation of regulations. Table 4.1 shows the various agencies and
their roles.

Table 4.1: Agencies in Environmental Management and their Role

Agency Role
Delhi Pollution Control Committee
(DPCC)
Compliance of water, air, noise parameters at
Delhi level
Central Pollution Control Board Compliance at national level, monitoring of
water quality of the Yamuna and discharging
drains at various locations
Delhi Jal Board Ensuring water supply & managing raw water in
Delhi, discharges in Yamuna
Municipal Corporation of Delhi
(MCD)
Solid Waste Management, drainage and
sewerage, street cleaning
Environmental Pollution
(Prevention and Control) Authority
(EPPCA)
Enforcement of environmental regulation in
NCR, hazardous substances
Department of Industry Delhi
State Industrial Development
Corporation (DSIDC)
relocation of polluting and non conforming
industries
"The State shall endeavor to
protect and improve the
environment and to safeguard
the forests and wildlife of the
country".

4-2

Delhi Development Authority (DDA) Development of parks and open spaces
New Delhi Municipal Corporation
(NDMC)
Solid waste management, drainage and
sewerage, street cleaning of the New Delhi area
Delhi Police Auto emissions, noise pollution, public health
and hygiene
Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) Solid waste management, drainage and
sewerage, street cleaning of the Delhi
Cantonment area
Central Water Commission Monitors the river flow and water quality at
three regular stations

Central Ground Water Board Ground water monitoring through 108 stations
Ridge Management Board Management of Delhi Ridge
Irrigation and Flood Control
Department
Management of water bodies lakes, tanks and
ponds of Delhi
NGOs TERI, CSE, TAPAS, INTACH creating awareness, research and conducting
studies, publications, creating awareness
Source: Discussions with Stakeholders

All the above mentioned agencies are concerned with activities directly dealing
with environmental services, environmental infrastructure investment,
environmental planning at the project and sectoral levels. Only two agencies,
DPCC for Delhi and EPPCA for NCR are responsible for regulating, monitoring
and enforcing environmental concerns.

4.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE

4.2.1 Physical Features

The city of Delhi lies in the fertile Northern Plains of India. The main features
of Delhi are the Aravalli hill ranges and the Yamuna river. The Aravalli hill
ranges are covered with forest called the Ridges. The Yamuna is the main
source of drinking water for the citizens of Delhi. There is a forest cover of
nearly 11.5% of the total area in Delhi. Delhis mineral sources are primarily
sand and stone which are used for construction activities.

4.2.2 Geology

The geology of Delhi features pre-Cambrian
to Quaternary formations in age. The pre
Cambrian formations are represented by the
Alwar Quartzites. These are overlain by the
Aeolian deposits, which are further overlain
by the old and the new alluvial deposits.

4.2.3 Climate

Delhi has a semi arid climate, with hot
summers, average rainfall and moderate
winters. Mean monthly temperatures range
from 14.3 C in January to 34.5 C in June.
However, the temperatures go upto 40-45
C in summers and 4-5 C in winters. The
annual precipitation is about 711 mm falling largely during the monsoon months
(July September). Dust storms are frequent during the summer months leading
to an immense build-up of particulate matter in the atmosphere.
Environmental protection is a
fundamental duty of every
citizen of this country under
Article 51-A(g) of our
Constitution which reads as
follows:
"It shall be the duty of every
citizen of India to protect and
improve the natural
environment including forests,
lakes, rivers and wildlife and
to have compassion for living
creatures."

4-3

Ground Water Usage
domestic, 48
industrial , 9
losses, 3
irrigation , 40

4.2.4 Wind Direction

Wind directions vary with season. In the summers, the predominant wind
directions are from the west in the morning and either west or northwest in the
evening. In the monsoons, the predominant wind directions are from the south-
east or west in the morning and from east (in July and August) or north-west (in
September) in the evenings. During the post monsoon season, west and calm
winds predominate in the mornings while in the evenings, north and northwest
winds are most frequent. In the winter mornings, southwest and west winds
dominate, while in the evenings, northwest and north winds are frequent

4.2.5 Land Resources

Delhi covers an area around of 1483 sq kms based on the estimations in the
Master Plan. It consists of the Yamuna Flood Plain, the old Khadar (earlier flood
plain) and the Bangar (upper alluvial plain). Majority of the land is covered by
fine-to-coarse loamy soils with different levels of moisture-retention capacity.
This land has been converted to urban use.

4.2.6 Water Resources

Delhis sources of water consist of surface and ground water.

Ground Water

Ground water exploration is carried
out at a depth range of 50 to 150 m
in the Delhi Quartzite. The
Quaternary deposits constitute the
major repository of ground water.
Total ground water resources in the
NCT Delhi are estimated around as
28156.32 ha m (Central Ground
Water Board). The annual
extraction of ground water is
estimated around 47945.18 ha m
(Central Ground Water Board).
Source: CGWB


4-4

Net Ground Water Availability in Delhi Unit-wise

South
12%
South West
34%
North East
3%
North West
32%
West
12%
New Delhi
1%
North
3%
Central
1%
East
2%

Source: Ground Water Resources of National Capital Territory Delhi, CGWB, 2006

Pre Monsoon Water Level

The Pre Monsoon Water Level is measured in the month of May. The levels at
various locations done on the year 2003 by CGWB are shown in Table 4.2 &
Table 4.3.

Table 4.2: Pre Monsoon Levels of Ground Water in Delhi

Location Level (m below ground
level, bgl)
Asola Bhatti, Tuglakabad, Ladosarai, Satbari, Pushpvihar,
Balbirnagar
40-60
Ghottorni, JNU 40-60
NCERT, Vasant Kunj, Ayanagar, R K Puram, Shekhawati
Line, Palam Road, Basant Gain, Samalkha
30-40
Central Parts, North of Najafgarh Jheel, South Eastern Part
of West Districts
10-20
Along Yamuna, Parts of North, Northwest Parts 5
Source: CGWB

Table 4.3: Post Monsoon Levels of Ground Water
(m below ground level, bgl)
Location Level
Asola Bhatti, Tuglakabad, Ladosarai, Satbari, Pushpvihar,
Balbirnagar
20-40
Ghottorni, JNU, Palam Board, Kabul Line, R. K. Puram,
Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, IIT Gate, Lado Sarai
20-40
NCERT, Vasant Kunj, Ayanagar, R K Puram, Shekhawati
Line, Palam Road, Basant Gain, Samalkha
20-40
North, Western & Southern Parts of Northwest, Northern
Part of West District
5-10
Central Parts, South Eastern Part of West Districts, 10-20

4-5

Location Level
Samalakha, Dwaraka, Naraina belt, Mahavir Banasthali,
Talkatora, Rail Bhawan, Cannought Place, Kidwai Nagar
Along Yamuna, Parts of North, Haroli-Sanoth-Kherakala-
Libaspur-Banda bahadur Marg belt
< 2
Northwest Parts, North, North East, Najafgarh Jheel,
South Western Parts
< 5
Source: CGWB

Around 44% of the ground water is recharged by the rainfall during monsoons,
31% from other sources during non monsoon, 19% from other sources in
monsoon and 6% from rainfall during non monsoon.

Surface Water

Surface water contributes to over 86% of Delhis total drinking water. Yamuna
provides the major share of this water. Other sources of drinking water supply
to Delhi include the Himalayan rivers through different interstate arrangements
and sub-surface sources like Ranney wells and tube wells.

Table 4.4: Quantity of Surface Water

Source Total Quantity
(MGD)
Total Quantity
(MLD)
Yamuna 210 950
Bhakra Storage 200 905
Ganga 100 450
Surface Water Sub Total 510 2305
Ranney Wells/ Tubewells 81 365
Total Raw Water 591 2670
Source: Delhi Urban Environment & Infrastructure Improvement Project, Status Report for Delhi-21

It is reported that there are 611 water bodies including lakes, ponds and
reservoirs in Delhi as reported by the Deptt of Irrigation & Flood Control and
Directorate Panchayat of Delhi. Most of them have depleted. More than half of
these bodies have vanished and another half can not be revived based on data
of the Irrigation Department. However, rejuvenation is being taken up in Sanjay
Lake, Hauz Khas, Purna Qila, Tihar Lake, Khooni Jheel and a couple of other
lakes.

Forest Resources

As per the State of Forest Report, 2003 of Forest Survey of India, Dehradun,
Delhi has 170.17 sq kms as forest and tree cover against the total geographical
area of 1483 sq kms.

Table 4.5: District Wise Forest Cover of Delhi
(sq. km)
District Geographic
Area
Forest Cover % of Geographic
Area
Central 24.68 05.20 21.07
East 63.76 2.94 04.61
North 34.90 14.54 41.66
New Delhi 59.16 04.70 07.94
North East 60.29 02.70 04.48
North West 440.31 15.47 03.51

4-6

South 249.85 40.61 09.66
South West 420.54 78.95 31.60
West 129.52 05.06 03.91
Total 1483.00 170.17 11.46
Source: State of Forest Report 2003, Forest Survey of India, Dehradun

There are fourteen city forests developed in the city by the Department of
Forests and Wild Life as shown below:

Table 4.6: District Wise City Forests

S. No. Name of City Forest Area (ha) District
1. Nasirpur City Forest 28.00 South West
2. Alipur City Forest 16.80 North
3. Hauzrani City Forest 28.80 South
4. Mitraon City Forest 40.00 South-West
5. Sultanpur City Forest 48.00 North-West
6. Ghummanhera City Forest 32.00 South-West
7. Ghoga 10.40 East
8. Shahapur Garhi 08.00 North-East
9. Mamurpur 56.00 North-East
10. Jindpur 47.60 North-East
11. Mukhmelpur 53.00 North-East
12. Bawana 32.00 North- West
13. Garhi Mandu 300.00 East
14. Anand Vihar 32.00 East
Source: Department of Forests & Wild Life

The Delhi Ridge is an important constituent of the forest cover of Delhi and
covers 7784 ha. The Delhi Ridge is an extension of the Aravallis and extends
into Delhi from Haryana at Tughlakabad Bhatti Mines Dera Mandi axis moving
north, covering parts of Delhi Cantt, Lutyens Zone and culminating at Delhi
University. This area is also included in the Notified Forest Areas in Delhi.

Table 4.7: Constituents of Delhi Ridge

S.
No.
Name of the Ridge Area
(ha)
Managing Agencies
1. Northern Ridge 87 DDA, MCD and Forest Deptt
2. Central Ridge 864 Forest Deptt, DDA, Army, CPWD,
NDMC, MCD
3. South Central Ridge 626 DDA
4. Nanakpura South Central 7 DDA
5. Southern Ridge 6200 DDA, Forest Deptt, Sports Authority of
India
Total 7784
Source: Greening Delhi Action Plan, 2006-07, Deptt of Forests & Wild Life

Table 4.8: Protected Forests under Department of Forests and Wildlife

S.
No.
Name of the Protected Forest Area (acres)
1. Mitraon 105
2. Sultanpur 120
3. Mukhlempur 133
4. Rajokri 600
Source: Deptt of Forests and Wildlife, Govt of Delhi

4-7

There is one man-made wildlife sanctuary in Delhi managed by the Deptt of
Forests and Wildlife that is Asola Wildlife Sanctuary. However, the reclamation
of Bhatti Mines and the wildlife sanctuary is being done through the Eco Task
Force (ETF).

There are 120 species of plants in Delhi, 32 species of mammals, 25 species of
reptiles, and 434 species of resident and other birds. There are 1787 species,
585 species of vertebrates and 1202 species of invertebrates, in Delhi.

Parks and Gardens

As per the MPD, 2001, 8422 ha of land has been earmarked for park greens.
There are district parks (part of the Delhi Ridge), Neighbourhood Parks, City
Forests, Historical Landscapes, Sports complexes, Landmark Greens and Green
Belts. There are 14500 big and small parks managed by the local and semi
government agencies. Few of the prominent parks of Delhi are: Lodhi Gardens,
Garden of Five Senses, Indraprastha Park and Nehru Park.

4.2.7 Natural Hazards

Flood Hazards

Delhi has been prone to flooding from the rivers Yamuna and Sahibi (through
Najafgarh drain). The last floods were witnessed in the year 1978 in Yamuna.
This river has crossed its danger level 20 times in the last 33 years. The city
also experiences floods due to its network of 98 drains whose catchment area
extends well beyond the city limits.

Earthquake Hazards

Delhi is in Zone-IV, characterized by a significantly high intensity of seismic
activities, where there are periodic occurrences of earthquakes of the
magnitude of 5-6 on the Richter scale.

4.3 URBAN ENVIRONMENT BASELINE

4.3.1 Land-use

44% of the geographical area of Delhi is built-up area. This includes the Delhi
urban limits, built-up area in rural-use zones and farmhouse. Even though the
Delhi ridge and Asola wildlife sanctuary area has been designated as protected
area, built up areas are found in certain pockets. 41% of the area is under
agriculture.

Table 4.9: Land Use Pattern

Land Use Percentage
Built up Area 44
Agriculture 41
Vegetative Cover 8
Water Body 4
Waste Land 2
Open Land 1
100
Source: DEUIP + State of Environment, Report for Delhi, 2001


4-8

4.3.2 Industrial Activity

Location and Type

Out of the 1,30,000 industrial units in Delhi, around 25-30,000 are located in
the planned industrial areas or comprise permissible household industries.
Based on the recommendations of the MPD, it is imperative that a sizeable
number of industries be relocated not only for considerations of adherence to
the land use pattern, but also because of the pollution caused by them. It has
been proposed in the MPD that the classification of the industry in Delhi be of 2
categories; Prohibited and Non-Prohibited. The standards prescribed by the
pollution control authorities would have to be met by the industrial units.

The household industry in Delhi consists of agarbatti, aluminium hangers,
electrical and electronic gadgets, sewing machines, assembly of hand tools,
candles, cane and bamboo products, brushes and brooms, carpentary,
cardboard boxes, packaging, dari and carpet weaving, detergent, dairy
products, dry cleaning, embroidery, framing of pictures, pencils and pens,
hosiery products, leather belts, paper & stationer items, repair of watches,
repair of bicycles, stone engravings, sport goods, tailoring, toys, food
processing, jewellery, wool knitting, zari & zardozi.

4.4 URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY

4.4.1 Air Quality

Sources of Air Pollution

The transport, domestic and industrial
sectors are the major contributors to the rise
in ambient air pollution levels, although
certain background sources such as desert
dust transported from the Thar desert during
dust storms also contribute to the pollution
loads. Also, the industrial activities in the
peripheral areas of Delhi, including Faridabad,
Gurgaon, NOIDA and other towns contribute
to the air pollution levels of the city. The
past trends in the air pollution levels have
been erratic, mainly because of the high
share of vehicular pollution. The share of
vehicular pollution has increased from 64% to
72% in the last decade. The tremendous
increase in the number of vehicles in Delhi
has contributed significantly in raising the
consumption of petroleum products, mainly petroleum and diesel. However,
diesel consumption in the city is not confined alone to vehicles, it is also there
in diesel generating sets used in the industry, commercial and domestic sectors.
The other two major contributors to air pollution are a fuel combustion in the
domestic and industrial activities. Thermal power plants are major part of this
activity. The coal based, thermal power plants at Rajghat, Indraprastha and
Badarpur are the major power generators in the city.


4-9

Table 4.10: Contribution of Various Sectors to Air Pollution
Sectors Percentage
Vehicular 72
Industrial 20
Domestic 8
Source: Ministry of Environment & Forests, 2001

Levels of Air Pollution

Ambient air quality monitoring is being carried out regularly at nine stations in
Delhi by the CPCB. These include five stations in industrial areas (Nizamuddin,
Ashok Vihar, Shahzada Bagh, Najafgarh Road and Shahdara) and four stations in
residential areas (Janakpuri, Siri Fort, Sarojini Nagar and Town Hall). The
critical parameters for monitoring air pollution levels are SO
2
, Suspended
Particulate Matter (SPM) and NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen). However, other
parameters including RPM, lead, PAH (Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and
Ozone are also being monitored. The permissible limits for these parameters
have been set by the CPCB and DPCC. The levels, as monitored by the CPCB,
are shown in the table given below.

Table 4.11: Air Quality Levels for Residential Areas in Delhi
In g/m
3
Year - 1997 Year - 1998
S.
No.

Name of the
Monitoring
Stations
SO
2
NOx SPM SO
2
NOx SPM
1 Nizamuddin
17.70(L) 37.40(L) 362(H) 15.60(L) 35.10(L) 342(M)
2 Ashok Vihar
14.20(L) 22.90(L) 307(M) 15.30(L) 21.40(L) 313(M)
3 Janakpuri
15.70(L) 34.80(L) 343(M) 17.10(L) 32.10(L) 340(M)
4 Siri Fort
12.90(L) 29.30(L) 367(H) 15.70(L) 28.00(L) 384(H)
5
Netaji Nagar,
Post Office
10.20(L) 32.20(L) NA 7.80(L) 36.50(L) NA
6 Town Hall
17.50(L) 37.70(L) NA 12.20(L) 44.00(M) NA

Year - 1999 Year - 2000
S.
No.
Name of the
Monitoring
Stations
SO
2
NOx SPM SO
2
NOx SPM
1 Nizamuddin
17.10(L) 31.70(L) 283(M) 18.20(L) 33.60(L) 279(M)
2 Ashok Vihar
11.50(L) 19.90(L) 317(M) 11.60(L) 27.00(L) 306(M)
3 Janakpuri
17.40(L) 30.00(L) 312(M) 18.60(L) 32.50(L) 242(M)
4 Siri Fort
19.60(L) 24.80(L) 337(M) 15.90(L) 24.60(L) 225(M)
5
Netaji Nagar,
Post Office
13.70(L) 45.70(M) NA 8.30(L) 52.60(M) NA
6 Town Hall
17.40(L) 54.50(M) NA 14.30(L) 64.00(M) NA
Year - 2001 Year - 2002
S.
No.
Name of the
Monitoring
Stations
SO2 NOx SPM SO2 NOx SPM
1 Nizamuddin
16.90(L) 35.70(L) 261(M) 13.10(L) 39.30(L) 329(M)
2 Ashok Vihar
8.20(L) 19.50(L) 273(M) 6.40(L) 26.00(L) 425(H)
3 Janakpuri
16.40(L) 37.30(L) 278(M) 13.70(L) 39.50(L) 442(H)
4 Siri Fort
13.80(L) 22.50(L) 324(M) 11.80(L) 27.30(L) 378(H)

4-10

S.
No.
Name of the
Monitoring
Stations
SO
2
NOx SPM SO
2
NOx SPM
5
Netaji Nagar,
Post Office
7.60(L) 52.50(M) 398(H) 7.30(L) 42.60(M) 421(H)
6 Town Hall
13.30(L) 70.1(M) NA 11.50(L) 53.30(M) 534(H)
Year - 2003
S.
No.
Name of the
Monitoring
Stations
SO2 NOx SPM

1 Nizamuddin
12.20(L) 43.30M) 315(M)

2 Ashok Vihar
6.10(L) 32.20(L) 356(M)

3 Janakpuri
11.70(L) 44.20(M) 291(M)

4 Siri Fort
9.00(L) 31.80(L) 281(M)

5
Netaji Nagar,
Post Office
7.20(L) 46.40(M) 352(M)

6 Town Hall
11.50(L) 58.90(M) 478(H)

Source: CPCB

Table 4.12: Air Quality Levels for Industrial Areas in Delhi
in g/m
3
Year - 1997
S. No. Name of the Monitoring Stations
SO
2
NOx SPM
1 Shahzada Bagh
24.20(L) 44.80(M) 282(M)
2 Shahadra
16.00(L) 29.30(L) 313(M)
3 E.S.I. Disp., Najafgarh Road
18.70(L) 38.00(L) NA
Year - 1999
S. No. Name of the Monitoring Stations SO
2
NOx SPM
1 Shahzada Bagh
20.60(L) 44.00(M) 316(M)
2 Shahadra
20.20(L) 25.00(L) 345(M)
19.60(L) 47.30(M) NA
Year - 2001
2
NOx SPM
1 Shahzada Bagh
13.60(L) 35.40(L) 378(H)
2 Shahadra
13.00(L) 22.50(L) 291(M)
NA NA NA
Year - 2003
2
NOx SPM
1 Shahzada Bagh
6.90(L) 39.30(L) 354(M)
2 Shahadra
11.40(L) 32.60(L) 343(M)
13.40(L) 45.20(M) 425(H)
Source: CPCB

Table 4.13: Permissible Limits
In g/m
3
Limits SO
2
&

NO
2
SPM
Low (L) 0-40 0-180
Moderate (M) 40-80 180-360
High (H) 80-120 360-540
Critical > 120 >540
Source: CPCB


4-11

The above levels include the excessive levels during festival times especially
Diwali.

4.4.2 Water Quality

Sources of Water Pollution

Waste water is generated by the domestic, industrial and commercial sectors in
Delhi. With the increased human activities, there has been a corresponding rise
in the amount of waste water generation in the city.

Levels of Water Pollution

The critical parameters of measuring water pollution are Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Another critical parameter which
has emerged over the last few years is the faecal coliform.

Depletion in DO and increase in BOD levels are prominent features of the
stretch of river Yamuna passing through Delhi.

LOCATION DESIRED
CLASS
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Najafgarh drain at
Wazirabad before
conf. to river
Yamuna, Delhi
NA NA NA NA NA
Western Yamuna
canal at Haiderpur
water works, Delhi
NA C D
Totcoli
D
Totcoli
DO
Totcoli
Yamuna at
Wazirabad (Palla),
Delhi, CPCB
C D
Totcoli
D
Totcoli
D
Totcoli
D
Totcoli
D
Totcoli
Yamuna At Ring
Road, Delhi, CPCB
C E
DO,
BOD,
Totcoli
D
Totcoli
E
BOD,
Totcoli,
Fammoni
a
E
DO,
BOD,
Totcoli
D
BOD,
Totcoli
Yamuna At Agra
Canal, Delhi, CPCB
C E
DO,
BOD,
Totcoli
NA NA NA NA
Source: CPCB

Designated-Best-Use
Class Criteria
1 .Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml
shall be 50 or less
2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5
3. Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more
Drinking Water Source without
conventional treatment but
after disinfection
A
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC
2mg/l or less
1 .Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml
shall be 500 or less
2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5
Outdoor bathing (Organised) B

4-12

3mg/l or less
1 . Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml
shall be 5000 or less
2. pH between 6 to 9
Drinking water source after
conventional treatment and
disinfection
C
3mg/l or less
1 .pH between 6.5 to 8.5
3. Free Ammonia (as N)
Propagation of Wild life and
Fisheries
D
2mg/l or less
1 .pH between 6.0 to 8.5
2. Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro
mhos/cm Max. 2250
3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26
Irrigation, Industrial Cooling,
Controlled Waste disposal
E
4. Boron Max. 2mg/l
Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria
Source: CPCB

Ground Water Quality

Groundwater quality in Delhi varies with depth and space. Generally the quality
of ground water is alkaline with pH ranging from 7.1 to 9.2, chloride content
ranges between 21 and 1380 ppm. South of Delhi average chloride content is
250 ppm while in Najafgarh area it is around 1000 ppm. The ground water study
done by the NEERI for MoEF revealed high nitrate and fluoride concentrations.
High metallic content, particularly manganese and iron have also been
observed in the samples collected. The manganese content was found to be 0.1
mg/L against the permissible limit of 0.5-mg/L and iron concentrations of 4.05
mg/L to 0.337 mg/L have been observed. Ground water in the maximum part of
the South district is fresh and potable with electrical conductivity ranging from
320 to 4130 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Electrical conductivity values more than
the permissible limit are observed at Deragaon, Molarbund and at Gadaipur.
High values of nitrate are found at four locations i.e. at Gadaipur, at Rajokri
and at Jaunapur. In north Ghitorni and Andheri More, Fluoride is more than
permissible limits. Except chromium concentrations at one locality, ground
water is devoid of pollution by heavy metals. A comparison of ground water
quality from 1983 to 2000 shows quality deterioration in the central part of the
Chhattarpur basin and in the areas around Nizamuddin. The electrical
conductivity of shallow ground water in the Southwest district varies from 630
to 13200 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. In the detailed Electrical Conductivity map
prepared for this district, ground water quality is fresh with electrical
conductivity 1000 to 2000 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Thus, with over-
development of ground water resources in the district, more and more areas
are becoming brackish.


4-13

Source: CGWB

Figure 4.1: Ground Water Quality in Delhi

4.4.3 Noise

Sources of Noise Pollution

Delhi has excessive noise. This is generated by the traffic, industry, celebration
of festivals, construction activities, diesel generating sets, etc.

Levels of Noise Pollution

Noise is notified as a pollutant under the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act. Although stringent permissible noise level regulation has been
set by the CPCB, noise levels exceed these limits almost everywhere in the city.
Monitoring is also done by CPCB and few private agencies. Noise limits have also
been prescribed to the automobile manufacturers, domestic appliances,
construction equipments and others.


4-14

Table 4.14: Noise Levels at Various Locations in Delhi

Noise Level (DbA) Location
Day Night
Maharani Bagh 73 67
Malviya Nagar 66 66
Lodhi Complex 57 48
Palam Colony 60 67
Punjabi Bagh 70 67
Timarpur 72 65
Source: NEERI, 1995

Table 4.15: Permissible Limits of Noise Levels

Limits of Noise Level (DbA) Category of Area
Day Night
Industrial Area 75 70
Commercial Area 65 55
Residential Area 55 45
Silence Zone 50 40
Source: CPCB

4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

4.5.1 Depletion of resources

Ground Water

The abstraction of ground water is more than the estimated availability of
ground water. CGWB estimates that 47,945 ha m water is extracted for
domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes.

Surface Water

There is a high loss in the water bodies of Delhi. Most of them have vanished. A
Public Interest Litigation has been filed for the misuse and use for alternate
purposes of these water bodies.

River Yamuna

The city of Delhi was set up on the banks of river Yamuna. The river stretches
for 22 kms along the city. The river is a source for drinking water, irrigation and
others. However, with the combined effect of a modified flow regime due to
water holding structures or barrages, withdrawal of water for various purposes
and the cumulative discharge of domestic, industrial & agricultural wastewaters
has converted Yamuna into an open sewer particularly in the Delhi stretch. As a
result, there is severe impact on the bio diversity of the ecosystem and public
health.

Yamuna Action Plans

In 1993, the Union government launched the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP), YAP to
tackle the rivers pollution. Its first phase (YAP-I) was scheduled for completion
during April, 2002, but an extended phase of YAP-I ran from May 2001 to
February 2003. Currently it is passing through its second phase (YAP-II, 2004-08).

4-15

Till March 2004, YAPs total expenditure stood at Rs. 674 crores. After Rs 55 -
75 Crores spent per kilometer on cleaning it up, the river is more polluted than
ever. The condition of depletion and degradation of the river is shown in the
map below. (Ref: Down to Earth, April, 2005).


4-16

Delhi itself contributes to 70% of the
pollution load of the entire river and it
got only 2.7% of the treatment
capacity created under YAP. Further,
the YAP has not taken into account the
relation between pollution load
generated, state-wise, and sewage
treatment created. Under YAPs
extended phase, Rs 150 crores was
channeled into Delhi, to set up 1146
toilet complexes in 1100 slum clusters
and 46 resettlement colonies to tackle
the problem of sewage disposal. An
analysis by the National River
Conservation Directorate shows 60% of
these complexes remain unused; they have no water, or are too expensive for
people to use, or simply improperly sited or ill maintained.

Despite of all the expenditure and allocations and Supreme Court interventions,
the BOD load in the river has been unabated.

Investments v/s BOD

19.94
166.62
387.17
130
260
0
150
300
450
YAP phase I 1993) YAP extended phase
(2001)
YAP phase II (2004)
0
100
200
300

Source: National River Conservation Directorate, 2004 & CPCB

Highlights of YAP II

The focus of the YAP II is to implement schemes which have visible and tangible
impact on the immediate improvement of water quality of water, carry out
palnning of activities for future such as preparation of master plans and
feasibility studies and synchronise engineering and non engineering components.
The estimated cost for YAP II is Rs 387.17 crores.

The main highlights are:

- Preparation of master plans for wastes of dairy farms, dhobighats,
crematoria

Yamuna Action Plan I

Building Sewage treatment plants
to treat domestic sewage
Building common effluent
treatment plants to treat
industrial waste
Repairing city sewage systems
drains, pumps and pipes
Building sewage systems and low-
cost toilets to connect the waste
of slums and poor settlements to
treatment plants
Building electric crematoria
Investment
in Delhi
(Rs. crores)
BOD Load
in tones per
day

4-17

- Physical works of STPs at Okhla, Keshopur, Belapur, Wazirabad, Ring Road
Trunk

- Public participation and awareness

- Institutional strengthening and capacity building of MCD

- Public relations

Forest Cover

The degradation, misuse and insensitive treatment of the forest cover in Delhi
sums up the threat to not only the environment but to the overall sustainability
of the city. The Ridge area of Delhi has degraded tremendously due to by roads,
buildings, traffic, garbage dumping, lopping of trees and grazing by livestock.
Mining and quarrying activities in the past have degraded the South-Central
Ridge causing enormous loss to biodiversity. Although as reported by the Deptt
of Forests there has been an overall increase in the forest cover in the last 10
years, degradation of the forests in some pockets of the city has increased. An
ecologically important location, the Asola Wildlife sanctuary, was established
to protect and conserve the citys flora and fauna. However, this sanctuary is
again under threat with the proposed scientific land fill at the Bhatti Mines.

The Delhi Ridge was once inhabited by leopards, deers, antelopes, wolves,
jackals, hog deer, etc which have vanished over time.

Air Environment

The alarming levels of SPM which are way beyond the permissible levels are a
serious area of concern. Even the RPM levels were exceeding the permissible
limits. Although the SO
x
& NO
x
levels are just within the permissible limits, the
measures to control and manage these have to be sustained.

Environmental Health

The city suffers from all the health related problems caused by a polluted
atmosphere. High occurrence of respiratory infections, heart problems, sickness
from water and vector-born diseases and other diseases because of exposure to
ambient and indoor pollutants and inappropriate disposal practices of municipal
solid waste have become the way of life in the city. Poor living conditions,
constant exposure to the pollutants, untreated wastes has resulted in high
incidence of diseases like diarrhea, hepatitis, dengue and others.

Green House Gases

Delhi is releasing around 16 million tones of CO
2
emissions, mainly contributed
by vehicles, power and residential sectors. This quantity if unabated could be a
major threat to stabilizing Climate Change.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 5 : Land Management & Urban
Growth

5-1

C CH HA AP PT TE ER R - - 5 5
LAND MANAGEMENT & URBAN GROWTH

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi is located strategically on two National Highways (NH-2 & NH-8) that
connect Delhi to Kolkata and Mumbai. NH-2 & NH-8 are two prime vertices of
the Golden Quadrilateral Corridor of the National Highways Development
Project. The city attracts a migrant population of 645 per day from various part
of the country, mainly from the northern region. In order to control the
unprecedented growth of Delhi, the approach of planned decentralization has
been suggested as per the MPD-1961 & 81 and NCR Plan 2001 & 21.

This chapter deals with the physical growth trends and planning efforts
undertaken in Delhi. An attempt has been made to understand future growth
trends and issues related to urban development. The approach at the NCR
level is presented in the box below:

5.2 CONSTITUENTS OF DELHI

The National Capital Territory, Delhi (NCTD) area consists of the following three
municipal areas-

(i) New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) area at the core. This is the
imperial Delhi spread over an area of 42.74 km
2
which was established in
1911. It comprises of government Offices & residential areas and
commercial nodes with wide roads, parks and open spaces etc. The
NDMC area is administered by an 11 member council comprising 3 MLAs;
five government officers and 2 civilians nominated by Central
Government; and a chairperson appointed by Central Government. The
Council reports directly to Central Government.

(ii) Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) area, occupying 1397 sq. kms, or
most of the area of the city. The MCD further comprises the following
areas:
Old Delhi comprising of the walled city (Shahajahanabad) and
densely built up areas between the Red Fort and the New Delhi
Railway Station on the periphery;
The NCR Plan 2021 has proposed a six tier settlement system i.e. Metro
Centre, Regional Centre, Sub-Regional Centre, Service Centre, Central
Village and Basic Village. Seven metro centers (Faridabad-Ballabhgarh;
Gurgaon-Manesar, Gaziabad-Loni, NOIDA, Sonepat-Kundli, Greater NOIDA,
Meerut) are proposed as potential growth nodes to attract capital functions
and activities and help in population dispersal from the national capital.
Because of their special functional status and size, a very high level of
physical, social and economic infrastructure (better than that in the capital)
is required to be developed within these towns/complexes. The respective
participating states and their agencies would not only be required to create
the necessary infrastructure themselves in these Metro Centers but also
facilitate the private sector investment therein.

5-2

Civil lines along the Ridge and Delhi University area in the North with
large plots and open spaces;
New colonies, which have come up in last 50 years on the Southern
and Western sides;
New development across the Yamuna river comprising of Shahadara
in the North, Patparganj & Mayur Vihar in the South;
728 squatter settlements, spread over an area of 9.68 km
2
all over
the NCT area.
Around 185 villages in outer Delhi area and 135 urban villages
characterized by haphazard development with marginal municipal
services etc. (outer Delhi is included in MCD limits and accounted for
in the MCD area).

The MCD is administered by an elected council comprising ward
councilors from each of the 137 wards in the area. (refer Section 13,
Institutional Arrangement). The MCD reports directly to the Central
Government.

(iii) Delhi Cantonment area between the Airport and the NDMC area, spread
over an area of 42.97 km
2
. The cantonment area is administered by the
Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB), which reorts directly to the Central
Government (Ministry of Defence).

In 1999, the urban area of Delhi covered 701.62 Sq. Kms (Refer Table 5.1 and
5.2; and Figure 5.1).

Table 5.1: Constituents of National Capital Territory of Delhi
Total Population
in 000 Constituents
Total Area
in km
2

(2001) 1981 2001
MCD AREA 1397.3 6899 11244
Walled City Area 11.6 582 570
Walled City Extension 23.0 568 624
Rest of MCD Area (including
Urban Extn. and Rural areas)
1362.7 3768 8049
NDMC AREA 42.7 496 587
DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD 43.0 NA NA
NCTD AREA 1483 - -
Source: (i) Master Plan of Delhi-2001 & 2021; (ii) Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban
Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001

Table 5.2: Delhi Area Statistics
S.
No.
Item Area (Sq.
kms)
1. Total Area 1483
2. Urban Area* 701.62
(47.3%)
3. Natural Features to be Conserved** 195.09
4. Balance Area Available for Urbanisation 586.29
5. Addl. Area Proposed for Urbanisation (2021)*** 276.29
6. Proposed Urban Area (2021) 977.91
(66%)
* As per IRS-IC LISS 3 Satellite Data
** Including. forests, ridge, rivers, wildlife sanctuaries, other water bodies and drains
*** Preliminary estimate, MPD 2021

5-3

Figure 5.1: Planning Division in NCTD Area

5.3 EXISTING CITY ASSESSMENT

Delhi city region comprises of three components (i) Existing Urban Area; and (ii)
Urban Extensions. The existing urban area has been classified as (a) Planned
area; (b) Special Area; (c) Ecologically sensitive areas and (d) Unplanned areas.
The descriptions of these areas are presented in Table 5-3.

Table 5.3: Description of Various Components of Delhi Urban Area

Components
of Delhi Urban
Area
Description
PLANNED
AREAS
The planned area of Delhi include (i) Influence area along MRTS and
Major Transport Corridor; (ii) Lutyens Bunglow Zone; (iii)
Chanakyapuri area; (iv) DIZ area; (v) Mata Sundari Area; (vi) Civil
Lines Bunglow area; (vii) Other part of NDMC area;(viii) Planned
built-up housing; (ix) Planned (Hierarchical) Commercial Area; (xii)
Planned Industrial Area
SPECIAL
AREAS
Special areas as defined on the plan cover about 2600 ha and have
been divided into three separate parts (i) Walled City; (ii) Walled
City Extension and (iii) Karol Bagh. These are characterized by a mix
of different land uses and have similarities in built form.
UNPLANNED
The unplanned areas are distributed homogenously across the urban
E
A B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K1
&
K2
L
M
N
O
P1 & P2
Total Area of these Zones is
20-22000 hectare.
Additional population of 2.5
million to be accomm-odated in
these zones at a density of 250
pph.
These Zones are holding
population more than
assigned during MPD 2001.
The activities such as
wholesale Market; ISBT;
Vegetable Market et. can be
removed from these Zones
to Urban Extns.
Re densification of the
zones with low density and
high land value has been
proposed

5-4

Components
of Delhi Urban
Area
Description
AREAS form. These areas are (i) Slum & JJ Clusters; (ii) Resettlement
Colonies; (iii) Urban Villages; (iv) Unauthorized Colonies; (v) Informal
Shopping Areas; (vi) non conforming Industrial areas. These areas
provide substantial housing stock; commercial and industrial
development.
URBAN
EXTENSIONS
The urban extensions are peripheral areas which experience pressure
of development. These areas comprise of villages, unauthorized
colonies and JJ clusters. As per MPD-2021, 29 lakh population
already exists in these areas. The urban extensions where
development processes have been initiated are Dwarka, Rohini Phase
III, IV and V and Narela.
Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi, 2021

The development status of the city has been revised with respect to Existing
Linear Development; Development in Special areas; Unauthorised / Unorganised
Colonies; Housing Supply & Demand; Planned & Unplanned Commercial &
Industrial areas and ecologically sensitive areas.

5.3.1 Influence Zone along Major MRTS and Major Corridors

The growth of Delhi over the years has been on a ring and radial pattern, with
reliance on road based public transport. The development envisaged by
previous plans was poly-nodal with a hierarchy of commercial centres located
on either ring or radial roads. The proposed MRTS network has been acting as a
development catalyst and has sizeable impact on the existing structure of the
city.

5.3.2 Development Profile along Major Corridors

The road network can be categorized into four types i.e. Arterial roads, sub
arterial roads, minor arterial road and collector roads. About 1100 km of road
length are provided with right of way of 30m and above.

The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as a focal point
with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram
Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH 8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T Road
(NH1), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials while
Mahatma Gandhi Road (Ring Road), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road
forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major
arterials to carry bulk of traffic in the city.

These major corridors are high intensity development zones with planned and
unplanned development along them. The predominant developments along the
major corridors are presented in 4 & Figure 5.2.

Table 5.4: Development Intensity along Major Corridors of Delhi

Name of
Corridor
Characteristics & Type of
Development
Problem
NH-2 (Delhi
Kolkata):
Major arm of
Golden
The length of NH-2 in NCTD is
around 20km from Badarpur
Border to Rajghat. It is one entry
point to Delhi and has industrial,
Encroachments at Jaitpur &
Badarpur intersection reduce
the carriageway width.
Prone to water logging during

5-5

Name of
Corridor
Development
Problem
Quadrilateral institutional and residential
development. At the entry point
it is characterized by haphazard
and unplanned growth residential
& industrial areas in urban
villages.
rainy seasons and lack of
suitable drainage
infrastructure
Bottleneck at the entry point
with industrial, commercial
development and Bus & Truck
parking
Environmental degradation
because of filling of water
bodies and low lying areas for
commercial uses such as petrol
pump, Transport training
institute, Sarai Kale Khan ISBT.
NH-24
(Delhi-
Lucknow):
Major
Corridor
Connecting
Important
business
centres of
Uttar Pradesh
to National
Capital
The length of NH-24 in NCTD is
around 15km from Ghazipur to
NH-2 intersection at IP Park. It
was at Ghazipur which is a major
fish & chicken market; and fruit
& vegetable market of Delhi. It
also has major garbage dumping
site. It mainly traverses through
haphazard development within
urban villages and Patparganj &
Mayur Vihar society complexes.
The proposed site for common
wealth games is also in proximity
to this corridor.
The corridor passes through
low lying area and the
development in the Yamuna
Bed. It has unorganized
development in villages such
as Khicripur, Pandav Nagar
etc.
The corridor has been
encroached by JJ clusters.
These clusters are devoid of
basic infrastructure facilities
leading high interaction with
the corridor.
Low lying areas along the
corridor are used for dumping
of HH and construction wastes.

NH-1 (Delhi
to Kanpur:
Major
Corridor
traverses
through
industrial
nodes of
Delhi and UP
The length of NH-1 from Samli
border to TP Nagar Border is
around 40 km. It traverses
through Industrial areas
(Wazirpur, Jahangirpuri, Badli in
North and Jhilmil & Shahadara in
East), Institutional area (Delhi
University, IP University, Old
Secretariat), Resettlement
Colonies (Babarpur, Saleempuri,
Seemapuri et.al)

High density industrial;
commercial and unauthorized
development
Truck parking near the TP
Nagar border in east with
transport operators located
along the corridor
Encroachment on the corridor
due to unauthorized
development have transformed
the urban built form in the
area along the corridor
NH-10 (Delhi
to Rohtak): It
is an
important
corridor in
West Delhi
connecting
second order
settlements
of Haryana
It is around 25km in length in
NCTD extending from Savdar
Ghevra to Sarai Rohilla. It
traverses through the urban
extensions of Delhi, which have
potential for future development.
It is connected to Dwarka and
Rohini through ring roads.
Development of resettlement
colonies and industrial areas at
the urban periphery has led to
unauthorized and unplanned
growth of village settlements
in and around these areas.
NH-8 (Delhi
to Mumbai):
Connecting
the National
Capital to the
It is around 15 km in length in
NCTD extending from Rajokari
Border to Daulakaun. It is one of
most developed corridor of the
city with industrial; residential
It mainly has planned
development and high traffic
volumes due to its linkage to
planned residential areas,
Dwarka and IT city Gurgaon.

5-6

Name of
Corridor
Development
Problem
Economic
Capital of the
Country and
traversing
through
major
industrial
nodes of the
country
and commercial development.
Most of the predominant
historical monuments are also
accessible through this corridor.
It has intense commercial
development near Rajokri border
with large open spaces due to the
Airport and cantonment areas. It
connects urban periphery to New
Delhi and Old Delhi Areas.
Its proximity to the Airport
leads to high interaction with
Cargo and goods traffic.
It is also connected to
institutional areas of Delhi and
traverses through intense
residential development,
prone to landuse
transformation.
Outer and
Inner Ring
Road
The ring road is of 75 km in
length connecting institutional
and industrial areas in the north
to residential and industrial area
in the west; and historical sites &
institutional area in south and
east.
Ring road has now become
part of the city transportation
network with high intensity
commercial and industrial
development.
Institutional
Corridor
The institutional corridor of the
city is of around 45km in length
and traverses through Pusa road,
Central Secretariat Complex,
AIIMS, IIT, CWC and JNU areas
It has experienced
transformation of residential
areas to institutional and
commercial areas --- eg.
Green Park; Hauzkhas; Pusa
road etc. These Landuse
transformations have led to
pressure on physical
infrastructure of the city.
MRTS
Corridors
MRTS has been planned to cover
the spread of Delhi and its
peripheral area. The metro
station complexes at 2km
distance are nodes for
commercial development.
These nodes are vulnerable to
encroachment by unauthorized
commercial development if
not planned along with
schemes for corridor
development.


5-7

Figure 5.2 : Major Transport Coordination

5.4 LOW DENSITY AREAS IN CITY

There is a large proportion of underused land with number of vacant sites or
unutilized built areas within the central city. A majority of these are
government lands having mostly low density (2 story structures) and old
housing. As per the study, government is able to provide housing to only 30-35%
of its employees within these areas. The gross densities in these areas are
around 160 PPH against 350 PPH in the adjoining areas namely Safdarjang
Enclave extn; Munirka; Bhikaji Cama commercial complex. Table 5.5 presents
the development profile of low density areas.

Table 5.5: Development Profile of Low Density Area

EXISITING AREA
GROSS DENSITY IN
PPH
GROUND COVERAGE FAR
Lodhi Colony 222 18 37
RK Puram 190 17 35
Moti Bagh 145 15 31
Laxmibai Nagar 225 19 38
Source: Ravi Kumar Kakkar, Unpublished Thesis on Urban Design Strategies for Renewal of State
Owned Housing Estates, Urban Design Department, SPA, 1992-93.
ROHINI RESIDENTIAL
AREA
Gurgaon
NH-24
NH-2
NH-1
NH-10
NH-8
HERITAGE
PRECINCT
Faridabad
NOIDA
Ghaziabad
NH-1
DWARKA RESIDENTIAL
AREA
INSTITUTIONAL
AREA
WALLED CITY
&ITS EXTN
Low Density Area

5-8

As per the provision of MPD-2001, the gross density of residential areas should
be 350 PPH or 78 DU/ha with FAR of 33% against the existing FAR of 15%;
whereas in commercial areas ground coverage of 25% and FAR of 100% is
permitted. MPD-2001 & 2021 have recommended comprehensive planning for
improvement and redevelopment of these areas in order to make the best use
of land resources (Refer Figure 5.3).

Figure 5.3 : Low Density areas in Delhi

5.5 STATUS OF SPECIAL AREAS

The special area has been divided into three parts namely (i) Walled City; (ii)
Walled City Extension and (iii) Karol Bagh. These are characterized by a mix
of different land uses and have similarities in compact built form, narrow
circulation space and low rise high density developments mainly
accommodating residential, commercial (both retail or wholesale) and
industrial uses. Therefore it is important that these areas, which are already
established with identified uses, continue to play an active economic role
(Refer Figure 5.4).

(a) Walled City Area: The traditional walled city area is a core of the
business district. The area is prone to commercialization, particularly
with improved accessibility due to the MRTS. Around 20% of the
wholesale trade enterprises (37000 enterprises) of urban Delhi are
located in the walled city accounting for 12% of the employment.

(b) Walled City Extension: Pahar Ganj, Sadar Bazar, Rosanna Road and
their adjoining areas are called as walled city extension. These are old
congested built-up areas mainly with mixed land use. For upgradation of
the environment in these areas minimum level of infrastructure and
parking are to be provided.

(c) Karol Bagh Area: Karol Bagh area has been one of the important
commercial centres outside the walled city. The land use transformation
Lodhi Colony
Laxmibai Nagar
RK Puram
Motibagh

5-9

from residential to commercial has led to increase in parking demand,
reduction in available road width and pressure on other physical
infrastructure. Therefore, this area is due for comprehensive
redevelopment on the basis of mixed use concept with provision of
parking and up gradation of facilities and utilities. The grid iron pattern
is an asset to regulate and pedestrianise traffic movement.

Figure 5.4: Status of Special Area of Delhi

5.6 UNAUTHORIZED & UNORGANIZED COLONIES

The unplanned areas of the city include Slum and JJ Clusters, Resettlement
colonies, unauthorized colonies and urban villages. Slum and JJ clusters have
been discussed in detail in chapter 6. The section below presents in detail the
status of unauthorized colonies and urban villages.

Unauthorized Colonies

The large scale land acquisition by DDA, unregulated growth of urban fringes
and housing shortage are the genesis of unauthorized colonies in Delhi. There
are around 1432 unauthorized colonies
1
providing shelter to around 30 lakh
people. In the past unauthorized colonies have being regularized only twice in

1
Though an official figure suggests that 1432 such colonies exist in Delhi, there are at least 200 more such colonies
which sprung up after March 2002 for which no policy exists.
WALLED CITY
AREA
WALLED CITY
EXTN.
COMMERCIAL CENTRE
Provision of parking and up
gradation of facilities and utilities
Grid Iron Pattern is to be treated
as an asset to regulate and
pedestrians the traffic movement
KAROL BAGH
AREA
CORE OF BUSINESS
DISTRICT
Potential for Commercialization
Proposal to Shift Wholesale
Trade Activity
Special Treatment of Heritage
area
Reconstruction & Redevelopment
MIXED LANDUSE
Provision of minimum Level Infrastructure & Parking
Facilities
Redevelopment in term of comprehensive
redevelopment scheme

5-10

Delhi. Once in 1961 when over 100 colonies were regularized and last time in
1977 when around 600 colonies where regularized.

Affluent unauthorized colonies included Sanik Farm; Anant Ram Dairy (near RK
Puram), Mahendru Enclave (near Model town); other colonies include
Zakirnagar, Jamianagar, Anand Parbat, Khanpur Extension, Viswas Nagar,
Bawana, Madanpur Khader etc (Figure 5.4). Around 1000 unauthorized colonies
are on private land developed by builders.

The infrastructure status in these colonies is marginally better than slums. No
metalled road exists in any of these colonies, nor is there a provision of sewer
lines and other facilities.

Urban Development Department, NCTD has been putting up various models for
regularizing these against the residents demand of regularization without any
charges (on the line of earlier regularization in 1977). The UDD proposals are
presented in Table 5..

Table 5.6: Unauthorized Colonies Regularization Model

Facilities Charges (Rs per m
2
)
Power Rs 6600 Per KV
Water Rs 220 per m
2

Sewerage Rs 355 per m
2

Roads and
Drains
Rs 400 per m
2

Total Fixed
Charge
Rs 1060 per m
2

The cost for regularization of 100 sqm of
plot is Rs 1 lakh. Delhi Government had
invited application from residents
associations for all unauthorized colonies
in October 2004, through a public notice.
The applicants were asked to submit their
area plans. 1153 applications were
received out of 1432 unauthorized
colonies.

5.7 URBAN VILLAGES

165 urban villages and 52 census towns form part of the National Capital
Territory of Delhi (NCTD). These urban villages have undergone significant
physical and functional transformation related to their specific location.
Villages are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities
in compact built-up form, narrow circulation space and high density
developments. These mainly accommodate residential, commercial, industrial
and mixed uses. These areas, established with identified uses, continue to play
an active economic role.

5.8 STATUS OF SHELTER IN CITY

Urban Delhi accommodated about 11.5 lakh households in different housing
developments in 1981. The Housing shortage at the beginning of second plan
(MPD-1981-2001) period had been estimated at about 3 lakh dwelling units
which included (i) Squatter and shelterless, (ii) Families sharing houses in
congested built-up areas; (iii) houses requiring immediate replacement.
Therefore it had been estimated that 16.2 lakh DUs were required for the
period of 1981-2001 as shown in Table 5..


5-11

Table 5.7: Housing to be built (1981-91)

Year New Housing required Average per year
1981-86 323000 65000
1986-91 379000 76000
1991-96 434000 87000
1996-01 483000 97000
Total 1619000 81000
Source: A Peoples Housing Policy; The case study of Delhi, Hazards Centre, January, 2003

As against this, Table 5. indicates the actual housing development in Delhi until
1995. This indicates that for the period of the second Master Plan (1981-2001),
in fact DDA was able to provide land and housing for only 34 per cent of target.

DDA and cooperatives (42.5%) met their share of 43% and the site & services
plots resettlement sites (23.9%) correspond to the 25%, but the allotment of
plots for individual families (31.7%) significantly exceeded the 17% provision.

Table 5.8: Development of Housing

Type upto 1971 1971-81 1981-91 1991-95 Total %age
DDA Flats 5600 60000 129000 57000 251600 23.5
DUs on individual
plots
59000 82400 135600 63000 340000 31.7
DUs by Co-
operatives
- 94661 72960 36000 203621 19.0
Resettlement
Schemes
35000 162700 40000 18300 256000 23.9
Slum Rehousing 9500 6000 4500 - 20000 1.9
Total 109100 405761 382060 174300 107122 100.0
DUs per Year 10910 40576 38206 43575 31506
Source: A Peoples Housing Policy; The case study of Delhi, Hazards Centre, January, 2003

5.9 STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

As per economic survey of Delhi 2001-02, there were about 1,29,000 industrial
units in Delhi in 1998, against 85050 units in 1991. An average unit employed 9
workers while 30% of units employed less than 4 workers. Units related to
textiles products constitute the largest number followed by repair services and
electrical machinery. Table 5.9 shows the growth of industrial units and
employment.

Table 5.9: Growth of Industrial Units and Employment

Year Number of Industries
Number of
Employee
Employees per
Industries
1981 42000 568910 14
1991 85050 730951 9
2001 129000 1440000 11
Source: Compiled from MPD-2021


5-12

i) Existing Planned Industrial Areas: Out of 1.3 lakhs industrial units in Delhi,
only around 25000-30,000 are located in planned industrial areas (Refer Figure
5.5 & 5.6). The existing industrial estates are Bawana; Narela; Badali;
Mangolpuri; Okhla; Patparganj and Shahdara. These industrial areas were
developed in the 70s and over the years have deteriorated considerably in
terms of physical infrastructure. The industrial estates in the city are owned by
three agencies- Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC), Delhi
Government Industries Department and DDA. These industrial estates have
various problems such as pot-holed roads, overflowing garbage bins, lack of
water supply, improper electricity installations and absence of banks, common
facility centres and post office. All the 28 industrial estates are plagued with
the following problems.

Poor Water Supply: Water is supplied in these industrial estates for less
than half hour per day leading to diminishing quality of the produce.

Bad Roads: The poor road connectivity to industrial estates has made
industries withdraw from the area, leading to low occupancy and poor cost
recovery. Bawana industrial estate is spread over 1900 acres of land but
only around 10 per cent plots are occupied.

Garbage Disposal: Garbage is littered on the roads and overflows out of the
dustbins. The collection system is unreliable.

Freehold Issue: There is a duality in the policy of the centre and the state.
While DDA gives plot on freehold basis, the Delhi government still has a
leasehold policy which does not give full ownership of land to the unit
owner.

Encroachment: Several plots are encroached by slum dwellers. The estate
manager does not have the power to evict these encroachers.

ii) Unplanned Industrial Area: A survey of residential areas with industrial
concentration has revealed that only seven qualify clearly for regularization (as
per the criteria of more than 70% industrial use). The remaining can get
regularized only after considering godowns, commercial shops and commercial
godowns as industrial activity (Refer Table 5.10)

Table 5.10: Percentage breakup of Unregularised Industrial Areas in Delhi

Areas
Industrial
Concentrati
on
Industrial
Godowns
Comme
rcial
Use
Commercial
Godowns
Total
Jawahar Nagar 75.18 75.18
Karawal Nagar 78.86 78.86
Haiderpur 76.06 76.06
Shalimar
Village
80.70 80.70
New Mandoli 72.36 72.36
Basai Darapur 75.07 75.07
Khyala 70.22 70.22
Rithala 57.81 13.53 71.34
Mundka, Swarn
Park
64.06 20.90 84.96
Mundka 48.35 25.87 74.22

5-13

Areas
Industrial
Concentrati
on
Industrial
Godowns
Comme
rcial
Use
Commercial
Godowns
Total
Naresh Park
Extn.
2.17 18.11 70.28
Peeragarhi 60.44 11.52 71.96
Nawada 69.31 5.29 74.60
Hastsal-Pkt A 63.38 18.99 82.67
Hastsal-Pkt B 66.47 11.76 78.23
Dabri 52.24 7.05 15.38 74.67
Libaspur 57.85 12.29 70.14
Sultanpur
Mazra
41.29 20.32 8.70 5.01 75.32

As per the Table above the maximum industrial concentration is in Shalimar
village which has 80.70 per cent of the area under industries. Areas that do not
qualify even after the inclusion of godowns include Tikri Kalan, Prahladpur,
Viswas Nagar, Tri Nagar and Nangli Sakrawati. Two areas have more than 85 per
cent industrial concentration (GT Karnal Road-80.64% and Kirti Nagar-95.83%)
but do not qualify because the land area is less than four hectare land (Refer
Figure 5.5)

Figure 5.5 : Location of Planned and Unorganised Industrial Areas

5-14

5.10 ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS

Besides Delhis magnificent built heritage (discussed in detail in Chapter 7),
there are natural and historical landscape features (Yamuna River Corridor,
Delhi Ridge) and the associated protected areas of natural wildlife (Jasola
Wildlife Sanctuary) that characterize the urban form of Delhi. The detail status
of Yamuna River Corridor and Jasola Wildlife Sanctuary & Delhi Ridge are
discussed below.

Areas Characteristics of Ecologically Sensitive areas
YAMMUNA
RIVER
CORRIDOR
The river front in Delhi has lost its potential heritage, religious,
pulic amenity and recreational value. It is surrounded by unplanned
and haphazard development of villages and JJ clusters in North; by
Thermal Power Plants, Aksardham Temple complex, Commonwealth
Game village etc in central part; in the south by Julenagaon; Taimur
Nagar, Kalindikunj etc. The problem areas associated with river
corridor in NCTD are listed below:
Though an interstate water sharing treaty exists, there is lack of
an effective inter state river basin hydro-policy regime. This
results in upstream pollution from agricultural pesticides and
sub-optimal water extraction practices.
The presence of extensive, high density areas of informal low
income housing generating large volumes of untreated sewage
and solid waste that is discharged into the river.
A recent Supreme Court Order stipulates that industrial effluent
must be treated to a prescribed standard before being
discharged into the Yamuna. Making this order operational,
through effective implementation, enforcement and monitoring
will be critical to the environmental sustainability of the
Yamuna.
Within the context of the Yamuna Action Plan, DDA has proposed
to change the use of 260 hectare of land in the central tranche
to public use.
JASOLA
WILDLIFE
AREA AND THE
RIDGE
The sustainability of the sensitive ecological habitat of the Jasola
wildlife area will also require the formulation and implementation
of a special case integrated area strategy that would be likely to
include Delhi Ridge as the environmental context and buffer zone to
the sanctuary. The problems associated with this area are as
follows:
Temporary incompatible use permissions granted for storage,
assembly, temporary accommodation (e.g. exhibition related
activities) have left behind residual materials. This despoils the
area and renders it environmentally vulnerable.
Incremental quarry extraction activities have scared the ridge;
and (post working) designation as wasteland by the DDA in its
land-use plans has consolidated this abuse.

It is imperative to state that the development of Delhi Ridge and Yamuna City
Regional Park System has to be comprehensively looked into to plan for better
physical environment & ecological system of the city.

5.11 LAND DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

A brief summary of the roles and responsibilities of central and state
government agencies in land management are presented below.


5-15

Department/Agency Roles and Responsibilities
Land Record
Management, DDA
Deals with Nazul-I lands transferred to DDA from Delhi
Improvement Trust and Nazul-II lands acquired under the
policy of large scale acquisition for development and
disposal of land by DDA after 1957.
The functions of the land management department are
to acquire land, allot sites for petrol pumps and gas
godowns, maintain land records, protect land from
encroachment and enforce Master plan section against
misuse. DDA has setup six field zones for the purpose of
protection of land.
Land and Building
Department/Revenue
Department
The revenue department acquires land on behalf of the
DDA/MCD/Slum department. The demand for land
acquisition is placed by DDA to the land building
department, which acquires the land for the DDA after
getting approval from the LG; and after acquisition,
places the same at the disposal of DDA, under section 12
of DDA act
L&E Department of
MCD
The L&E department of MCD deals with records of land
and properties of the colonies/villages within the
jurisdiction of MCD. The department also deals with
collection of property tax and monitors its activities
through the 12 MCD zones.
L&DO GoI, UDPA The department deals with the maintenance of land
record of the properties of the GoI. The activities of
construction and maintenance are with CPWD.

In NCTD area most of the lands are owned by the DDA, L&DO and central
governments. Land under state ownership is limited and sectorally owned.
Agricultural land is mainly privately owned and owners pay agriculture tax to
the revenue department. However the private sector primarily comprises of
individuals; families; trusts; institutions; families; trusts; institutions and
firms/companies, which own or seek land or space built on land (refer Table
5.).

Table 5.11: Land Ownership in Delhi

Land Owning
Agency
DDA
L&DO
(NDMC)
Cantonment
Board
Others (MCD,
Railways etc)
Total
Area in hectare 25377.2 4270.0 114352.8 4300.0 148300
% to Total 17.1 2.9 2.9 77.1 100
Source: DUEIIP, Status Report for Delhi-21

5.12 EFFORTS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT

In order to encourage planned development in the city, the DDA prepared
master plans for the NCTD Area. Various plans prepared for Delhi over the years
include (i) Lutyens Plan for the New Delhi (the imperial capital) now NDMC
area-1911; (ii) Interim General Plan for Delhi prepared by the Town Planning
Organisation (TPO) in 1956; (iii) Master Plan for Delhi (MPD) with perspective of
1981 (based on Land use inventory TPO, 1958) prepared by DDA in 1962; (iv)
Master Plan for Delhi with perspective of 2001 prepared by DDA in 1990; (v)
National Capital Regional Plan (NCRP) with perspective of 2001 prepared in
1989; (vi) Draft Master Plan Delhi with perspective of 2021, prepared by DDA in
2005 (notification awaited) and (vii) National Capital Regional Plan (NCRP) with

5-16

perspective of 2021 prepared in 2005. The salient features of these plans are
discussed in the subsequent section.

5.12.1 Master Plan for Delhi (1961-81)

MPD-1981 has divided city into 8 planning divisions and planning districts with
an objective to make these self contained in employment and community
facilities. As per MPD-1981, these divisions were proposed to have populations
ranging from 3 to 7 lakhs. Hence each division had 2-3 district centres, which
are composite retail shopping centres with commercial and service uses. As per
the plan, total land available for urbanization in 1981, was about 440 km
2
.
Beyond this has the Agricultural Green Belt which was to be preserved for
agricultural use. The proposed activities as per Master Plan (1961-81) are
presented in Table 5.12 & Figure 5.7.

Table 5.12: Proposed Activities as per Master Plan (1961-81)

Land Uses
Activities
Acquisition of
Land and
Development
In order to contain the likely population of about 6.0 million by
1981, the following additional land areas were proposed to be
developed under various uses: Residential: 30,000 acres;
Commercial: 1900 acres; Industrial: 4800 acres; Government: 500
acres; Recreational: 25000 acres
Residential Medium and High Density residential development proposed in
the planning division A & B (Old Wall City area & its Extension).
Average Residential Density ranges from 81 PPA in West Yamuna
Canal area to 235 PPA in old walled city area. The average gross
density in the Master Plan is about 97 PPA.
Redensification of low density areas such as Lodhi colony; RK
Puram, Motibagh and laxmibai nagar.
Developing Low income housing-1,50,000 units; government
housing-1,10,000 units and private housing-4,85,000 units
Commercial The Commercial area as per MPD 1981 works out to be 0.48
acres/1000 population.
The hierarchies of commercial area proposed were Central
Business District (CBD); District Shopping Centre; Community
Shopping; local shopping and convenient shopping.
Development of commercial area of 565 acres.
Slum
Improvements
&
Redevelopment
20 projects were to be developed upto 1981 for slum
improvements. These slum areas are Kotla Mubarakpur; Sui
Walan; Kucha Pati Ram; Sarai Rohilla; Qadam Sharif; Shadipur
Khampur, Ajmeri Gate etc.
Industrial Area Areas proposed for industrial development. The details are given
as part of Table 5..
Recreational
Areas
It has been proposed to develop 25000 acres of land for
recreational use.
It was proposed to provide active recreational facilities such as
open air theatres, libraries, museums, swimming pools, terraced
gardens, landscaped vistas and botanical gardens.
Plan for Rural
Delhi
The rural towns proposed for the location of light and medium
industries are Nangloi Jat, Bawana, Palam and Najafgarh
It was proposed to provide 17 local shopping centres for each
cluster of villages (within radius of 3 miles from every village), 6
district shopping centres for bigger village groups (within radius
of 5 miles from every village) and 3 mandis in more central
location (Palam; Khera kalan and Kanjhawala).
Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi-1961-81

5-17

Table 5.13: Proposed Wholesale & Specialized Markets (1981)

Market Proposed Location Area in
Acre
Fruit and Vegetable
Markets
One mandi near Daya Basti railway station in
Sarai Rohilla in North-west and another in
South of Delhi at Okhla
35
Wholesale Grain Market Site near Teliwara, in north of Sadar bazaar
was proposed
17
Bicycle and accessories Jhandewalan area 10
Cloth Market Redevelopment & Modernization of Chandni
Chowk area and site west of church mission
road
10
Fodder Market Dayabasti near Najafgarh Road 6
General Merchandise
and hosiery
Improvement and reorganization of Sadar
Bazar-Old Bahadurgarh road
61
Iron, steel and scrap
metal market
Jhadewalan; reorganization of junk & scrap
yards in Motia Khan
15
Building Materials West Delhi adjacent to the railway line to
Rewari
50

Table 5.14: Proposed Location of Industrial Estates and Zones (1981)

Industrial Area Total
Land
(in
acres)
Industrial Area Total
Land
(in
acres)
Industrial
Area
Total
Land
(in
acres)
A. Extensive manufacturing B. Intensive Manufacturing C. Service
Industries
355
Najafgarh
Industrial Area
716 Flatted industries
inlying locations
192 D.
Extractive
Industries
106
Okhla Industrial
Area
1241 Flatted industries
outlying locations
169 E. Special
Industries
165
Azadpur
Industrial Area
743 Sub-Total 361 Sub-Total 626
Shahdara
Industrial Area
3832
Rohtak Industrial
Area
1034
Sub-Total 7566


5.12.2 Review of Master Plan Proposals

MPD-81 proposed to increase the residential use to 44% from 18% in 1961.
However the residential use as per the MPD-61 was 30% which is far below the
proposed use. Other uses such as recreational area, as proposed in MPD-81 were
24%, which got limited to 12%. The area under commercial land use was
proposed to be 2% but it exceeded to 3.8%. Similarly, the area under Industrial
land use was proposed to be increased to 5% but only 3.5% of the area was
under this land use in 1981 (Refer 6 & 6 (a)).

5-18

Recreation
Use
24%
P ublic &
Semi-
P ublic Use
15%
Commercial
Use
2%
Industrial Use
5%
Residential
Use
44%
Railways
Land
2%
Transportati
on Facilities
8%
Agriculture
0.3%

Recreat ion Use
10%
Publ i c &
Semi - Publ i c
Use
2 5%
Commercial
Use
2%
Indust rial Use
2%
Resident ial
Use
18%
Railways Land
2%
Transport at ion
Facilit ies
25%
Agricult ure
16.2%

Figure 5.6: Proposed Landuse 1981 Figure 5.6(a): Existing Landuse 1961

Other departures from the proposed master plan measures include:

As proposed the enhancement of existing CBD in MPD-81 did not take place.
Connaught place & its extension and commercial areas in the walled city
and its extension continues to function as CBD with all the associated
problems of parking and traffic congestion etcl.
As per MPD-81, all non-conforming uses were to be shifted in stages to
conforming areas; but no areas with non confirming uses were shifted out.
MPD-81 proposed industrial areas consisting mainly of flatted factories; light
industries and extensive industries but no flatted factory area was
developed except for Jhandewalan area.
MPD-81 estimated around 20000 informal sector units in 1981 which is
limited to 15%. Moreover plan did not contain any specific proposal for
integration of unorganized sector in development schemes.
MPD-81 targeted to construct government housing, Low cost housing and
private housing as per details mentioned in Table 5.11. During the two
decades, only 5.43 lakhs houses had been constructed against target of 7.47
lakh.
MPD-81 had proposed 15 district centres out of which only 3 had been
developed in 1981 (Nehru Place; Rajendra Place and Bhikaji Cama Place.
Two wholesale markets namely Fruit & Vegetable Market (Okhla) and Iron &
Steel Market (Jhandewalan) had been shifted out up to 1981; and two cycle
& truck accessories markets were partially shifted. Most of the other
markets continued to grow further in the walled city creating, further
congestion.

5.12.3 Master Plan for Delhi (1981-01)

MPD-2001, was based on the basic premise of Balanced Regional Development,
which emphasizes restrictive policy of employment generation. The main
guidelines for this policy were: (i) only such new Central Government Offices
which directly serve the Ministries of the Government of India be located in
Delhi; (ii) Industrial Growth in Delhi be restricted to small scale and less labour
intensive and (iii) Legal & Fiscal measures to restrict employment and
distributive trade.

Proposed
1981
Existing
1961

5-19

The MPD-2001 projected a population of 12.8 million by 2001 for the entire
NCT. However, the plan recommended to restrict the population to 11 million
in NCT and divert the remaining 0.2 million to selected towns in the NCR. The
population of NCT was however 13.4 million in 2001 Refer Figure 5.8.

(i) Spatial Strategies

The Master plan has come up with strategies for each of the constituents of the
NCTD and DMA area. The proposed strategies as per Master Plan (1981-01) are
presented in Table 5.15.

Table 5.15: Proposed Activities as per Master Plan (1981-01)

Constituent
Area
Proposed Strategy
Acquisition of
Land and
Development
24000 hectare of land to be acquired up to 2001
Land development for residential purpose 12000 ha and
industrial purpose 1600 ha
Walled City-
Special Area
Revitalization of Walled City keeping in view the traditional
character and style of the buildings
Redevelopment of Sadar Bazaar wholesale market by provision
of necessary infrastructure and parking areas
Prohibiting all heavy commercial vehicles in walled city area
Cars not allowed inside the walled city areas with provision of
underground parking at Lal Quila, Delhi Gate, Ajmeri Gate,
Turkman Gate, Mori Gate and Purdah bagh
One way traffic on all the streets of walled city
Planning tools such as conservative surgery to be adopted for
city upgradation
Residential
New Concept of Partially built plotted housing has been
introduced. This involves partially built housing on individual
plots of 70-80m
2
.
Cooperative formation in 600 unauthorized colonies for
improvement of low level of physical & social infrastructure
Planned Development of Urban extension areas (Rohini, Dwarka
and Narela)
Augmentation of housing at focused locations-Patparganj, Sarita
Vihar and Vasant Kunj (4000 ha)
Commercial
Existing CBDs-Old Wall City, Connaught Place and Karol Bagh two
Sub CBDs, Proposed 2 Sub-CBDs (One in Trans Yamuna Area &
other in the urban extension area)
Existing Five district centers; 22 new district centers proposed
(14 in existing urban limits & 8 in the urban extensions)
It was proposed to develop four regional wholesale markets in
different directions integrated with freight complexes.
11 regional cum local wholesale markets as secondary wholesale
markets are proposed to be developed in different planning
divisions.
Slum
Improvement &
Redevelopment
Provision of Hostel accommodation for single; minimum 25% as
site and Services and 45% housing up to 2 rooms dwellings for
about 1 lakh LIG families
Infrastructure up gradation in 44 resettlement colonies and
provisions of income earning opportunities within or proximity of
resettlement colonies
Provision of slum housing for 49000 families
Industrial use Industrial area redevelopment scheme for Anand Parbhat (Light

5-20

Constituent
Area
Proposed Strategy
Industrial Area); Shahdara (Light Industrial Area) and Shampur
Badli (Extensive Industrial Area)
Provision of 16 new light industrial areas (Total area of 1533 ha)
was to be developed in urban industrial extensions (UIE). Each
UIE upto 5 units of about 20 ha.
Recreational
Area
Provision of 1.6 km wide green belt beyond urbanisable limits
Provision of Divisional sport centres-7nos; District level children
parks-11nos; Development of lakes-2nos
Plan for Rural
Delhi
Five villages were identified as higher order growth centre-
Bakhtwarpur; Bawana; Jharoda Kalan; Dhansa and Chawala. Six
villages were identified as lower order growth centre- Jagatpur;
Ghogha; Qutab Garh; Jaunti; Mitron; Gommanhera
Environment improvement of 120 villages and development of 11
central villages
Channelisation
of River
Yamuna
Development of river front considering all ecological and
scientific aspects as project of special significance for city

Table 5.16: Proposed Wholesale & Specialized Markets (2001)

Market Proposed Location
Area in
Hectare
A. MARKET WITH WAREHOUSING
Textile &
Textile Products
Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khadar & Urban
Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West
70
Auto, Motor
Part &
Machinery
Patparganj in east; Urban Extension in South; Urban
Extension in South West
43
Fruit and
Vegetable
Market
Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension
in South; Urban Extension in South West
53
Hardware and
Building
Material
Patparganj & Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader &
Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South
West
53
Iron and Steel
Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban
Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West
25
Food Grain
Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader in South;
Nazafgarh in South West
32
Timber
Patparganj & Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader &
Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South
West
112
Plastic Leather
and PVC
Patparganj in east and Urban Extension in South West 19
Relocation of
Junk Market
Patparganj in east 4
Truck Terminal
Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban
Extension in South; Najafgarh & Urban Extension in
South West
219
Regional cum
local Markets
Sub-CBD (Shahdara); Okhla; Rohtak Road District
Centre; Shivaji Place District Centre in North; Wazirpur
District Centre; Rohini District Centre; Markets of 8-
10hectare in each urban extension and fodder markets
was to be developed in the rural areas
157

5-21

Market Proposed Location
Area in
Hectare
Integrated
Freight Complex
Madanpur Khadar (NH-2); Patparganj (NH-24); GT Road
(NH-1) and Bharthal (NH-8)
-

Review of Master Plan Proposals (1981-01)

Proposals which have not been completed as per the directions of the Master
Plan are presented below:

o As proposed the enhancement of existing CBD in MPD-01 did not take place.
Connaught place & its extension, and commercial areas in the walled city
and its extension continue to function as CBD with all the associated
problem of parking and traffic congestion etc.

o District centres at Jhanakpuri; Laxminagar and Shivaji palace are still in
process of development

o As per MPD-01, all non-conforming uses were to be shifted in stages to the
conforming areas but no areas with non-conforming uses were shifted out.

o No provision of Hostel accommodation for single workers; or minimum 25%
as site and Services and 45% housing up to 2 rooms dwellings for about 1
lakh LIG families were made up to 2001

o Only 1 integrated freight complex at Gazipur is in development stage
against the 4 proposed in MPD-01.

5.12.4 Draft Master Plan for Delhi (2001-21)

The land use plan 2021 has been prepared based on (i) the policies enunciated
for different urban activities; (ii) requirement of additional social and physical
infrastructure; (iii) Transportation and work centres; (iv) restructuring of land
uses along the MRTS corridors. In order to control development; the areas have
been designated as one of the 27 use zones. These zones have been classified
into 10 categories
2
as shown in Figure 5.9.

MPD-2021 projected a population of 23.0 million by 2021 for the entire NCT.
However, the plan recommended accommodating 11.4 million people in zone A
to H; and 3.9 million in Dwarka, Rohini phase-III, IV & V and Narela; and
diverting the remaining 8.0 million in the planned new urban extensions. MPD-
2021 is in draft stage the detailed provisions and development strategy
suggested in the plan will be presented once it is finalized.

5.13 PROVISIONS OF NCR PLAN 2001 & 21

Five towns were proposed in the Master Plan (2001-21) as DMA towns in the
Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA). These include Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon,
Kundli and Loni. A total of 3.5-lakh population was assigned by the Master Plan
to these towns for the year 2011. Besides, specialized economic activities were

2
The Landuse categories are Residential; Commercial; Industrial; Recreational; Regional Park/Ridge; Transportation;
Utility; Government; Public & Semi-Public Use; Agriculture and Water Bodies

5-22

proposed for each of these towns. A brief summary of the land use allocation
strategies and provisions in NCR plan is discussed below:

Sectors Recommendations
Development of
New Townships
DMA Towns: Faridbad, NOIDA, Ghaziabad, Kundli,
Bahadurgarh and Gurgaon
Priorty Towns (Regional Centres): Palwal, Khurja, Hapur,
Meerut, Bulandshar, Panipat, Rohtak, Dharuhera, Bhiwadi,
Rewari, Alwar
Counter Magnet Towns; Patiala (Punjab); Bareilly (Uttar
Pradesh); Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh), Kota (Rajasthan), Hissar
(Haryana)
Sub- Regional Centre: Shikarpur; Philhua; Tijara; Khairthal;
Bahror; Bawal; Hathin; Hodal; Jhajjar and Sonipat
Development of
Transport Sector
Development Proposals: Regional Road Links
Elevated Expressway on Ring Road
Development Proposal-Regional Rail
Industrial
Development
Industrial Development through NCRPB assistance in Loni;
Faridabad; Kundli; Gurgaon; Meerut; Barhi; Panipat; Manesar;
Bhiwadi; Bawal; Neemrana; Alwar

5.14 ISSUES IN LAND & GROWTH MANAGEMENT

Some of the major issues emerge from the above analysis are presented below:

Increasing gap between demand and supply of housing and
infrastructure: The growth of unauthorized colonies and JJ clusters clearly
indicate the housing status of the city. Consistently, targets for housing
provision have not been met. Moreover, the poor have borne the brount of
the shortfall. Overall, Around 5 lakh houses are to be constructed to fulfill
past back logs, over and above the future demand of 20 lakh houses by
2021.

Over crowding, haphazard development without basic services: There are
728 JJ clusters; 1700 unauthorized colonies and 165 urban villages
accommodating around 60 lakh population. Of these, barely 25% of the
population has access to physical infrastructure.

Encroachments on agricultural land and urban villages: The urbanization
area is expanding in an adhoc manner, often into the green area. Due to lax
development regulations and control, rural areas are falling prey to
unauthorized development. Original land owners have parceled their
holdings and sold these at high prices to builders/developers. Urban villages
have been over-run with haphazard developments

Exploitation of Land for unauthorized development: Large portion of
urban land in NCT is owned by government generally for public, community
and government uses. Without programmed use and efforts for protection,
these lands get easily encroached by both marginal groups and unregistered
land speculators. This is further aggravated by insufficient official provision
of land for various uses be it residential, commercial or industrial.

Non-Conforming Land uses: Around 1 lakh industries are located in non-
conforming areas as per MPD. Efforts for relocation have failed due to the

5-23

inaccessibility to work-centre of the relocation site; lack of infrastructure;
security of tenure & assets and affordability of the owner.

Lack of Linkage of Physical Planning Strategy with Financial Planning:
Successful physical planning should respond to economic realities; and
support broader financial goals and strategies for the city. The link between
these aspects, while strong in the first Master Plan, seems to have
weakened substantially in subsequent plans. Failure of implementation has
aggravated the situation further.

Figure 5.7 : L A N D U S E M A P 1961 81


5-24

Figure 5.8 : L A N D U S E M A P 1981 - 2001

Figure 5.9 : L A N D U S E M A P 2001-21

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 6 : Urban Poor and Slum
Chapter 6 Urban Poor & Slum

6-1

CHAPTER - 6
URBAN POOR AND SLUM

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Urban Poverty and Slums are the most critical problems of urban development
today. In Delhi too, they are a serious issue. The various dimensions of poverty
and slums have been discussed in detail in this chapter. This chapter has been
divided into three sections. The first section discusses the poverty profile of the
city, the characteristics of the poor population and poverty alleviation
programmes. The profile of slums / JJ Clusters, with respect to their location,
distribution, growth, infrastructure status and requirements, processes of slum
development in the city and the slum development programmes by the Slum
Department of the MCD and DDA, is discussed in the second section. The last
section summarizes the issues related to poverty and slums.

6.2 POVERTY PROFILE OF DELHI

The Planning Commission estimates
the proportion and number of poor
based on the projection of
minimum needs and effective
consumption. Such a projection is
based on the norm of 2100 calorie
per capita per day consumption for
an urban area. The calorie norms
are invariably expressed in
monetary terms that change with
respect to weighted commodity
indices of the consumer price
index. The percentage of people
below poverty line (BPL) stood at
49.61% for Delhi in 1973-74. The
figure has been declining steadily to 26.22% in 1983; 16.4% in 1991 and 14.69%
in 1993-94. The percentage of people below poverty line declined to 10.02% in
2001. Table 6.1 presents the zone wise BPL population.

Table 6.1: Below Poverty Line Population (2005)

Year
Rural BPL
Population
(in Lakh)
%
age
to
Total
Urban BPL
Population
%age
to
Total
1973 1.06 24.44 21.78 52.23
1983 0.44 7.66 17.95 27.89
1987 0.10 1.29 10.15 13.56
1993 0.19 1.19 15.32 16.03
2000
0.07 0.40 11.42 9.42
0.07
0.19 0.1
1.06
0.44
21.78
17.95
10.15
11.42
15.32
0
5
10
15
20
25
1973 1983 1987 1993 2000
Source: Economic Survey Report, Government of Delhi, Delhi
Urban
Rural

6-2

6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF POOR

The socio-economic profile of the segment of population categorized as poor is
of strategic importance for both planning purposes, and for managing the
habitat and its environmental upgradation and improvement. However,
comprehensive data is not available for the whole of Delhi, although
generalizations can be made on the following parameters based on data
available from the few available surveys and studies. It is important to keep in
perspective however that inhabitants of LIG / EWS areas are not a homogenous
segment.

(a) Income and Expenditure: The average total monthly income per
household ranges from Rs. 1500-2500 among the poor. The expenditure
of these families is around 5-10% more than their incomes. The per
capita monthly income and expenditure is Rs. 245 & Rs. 423
respectively. Poor households, therefore, are increasingly dependent
upon loans from the local moneylenders. The monthly income of around
25-30% households is above Rs 1500 and around 45-50% households is
below Rs 1000.

(b) Access to Housing: Housing is a basic need of the poor. Most of the poor
do not have access to secure land tenure. 85% of the poor are squatters,
and are vulnerable to frequent eviction. 6% of the poor live in rented
accommodation and have to pay a substantial portion of their income
for rent. Most importantly, such rental quarters do not have even basic
infrastructure facilities. The quality of life led by these people is
extremely poor.

(c) Occupation Profile of Poor: 41% of these families work as casual
labourers, as most of them are unskilled. However, one-third of the poor
also work in the service sector and only 20-25 % is self-employed.
Therefore, nearly 52% of the poor households do not have access to a
dependable occupation and secure incomes.

(d) Migration Status and Poor: Migration characteristics have also been
included as most of the poor are migrants from rural areas, who come to
the city in search of employment. In Delhi, 38% of the total poor have
migrated to the city for employment purposes.

(e) Access to Infrastructure: The infrastructure facilities that have been
covered are water and sources of energy for the urban poor. A majority
of the poor families (47%) have access to water from community
sources. 16% of the families do not have any definite source of water.
With respect to source of light, nearly 30% of the families depend on
kerosene lamps.

(f) Pavement Dwellers: Around 1 Lakh homeless people constitute another
component of the poor in Delhi. They are mostly found in the Walled
City or its surrounding areas and generally sleep on the pavements.
There are around 10 night shelters located at Azadpur, Subzi Mandi,
Paharganj, Jhandewalan, Red Fort, Old Delhi Railway Station, Azad
Market and Roshanara road. The night shelters operated by MCD provide
accommodation to only male dwellers.

6-3

6.4 POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES

Swaranajyanti Saw Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) is the main poverty alleviation
programme of the government, which was launched in 1997 after merging the
NRY (Nehru Rozgar Yojna), PMIUPEP and Urban Basic Services Programme
(UBSP). The programme aims not only at economic emancipation of people
living below the poverty line but also an improvement in their living
environment. The details of the programme are being given in Box 1.

Box 1: Salient Features of SJSRY
The programme seeks to provide gainful employment to the urban unemployed and
underemployed poor, through encouraging the setting up of self employment
ventures or provision of wage employment. It relies on creation of suitable community
structures and delivery of inputs through urban local bodies. It is funded on a 75:25
basis between the centre and the state. It consists of two special components of:

Urban Self-Employment Programme (USEP): It has 3 components of self-
employment: setting up of micro-enterprise; setting up of group micro- enterprise
under Development of Women and Children in Urban Areas (DWCUA) and training
for skills up-gradation of beneficiaries.

Urban Wage-Employment Programme (UWEP): The programme aims to provide
wage employment by utilizing labour to construct socially and economically useful
public assets.

Special emphasis is given on formation of Community based structures like CDS,
NHGs and NCs.

6.5 SHELTER OPTIONS

The poor typically inhabit unplanned or semi-planned developments. In Delhi
these are classified as (a) Notified Slums in Old Walled City area; (b)
Resettlement Colonies; (c) Relocated JJ Clusters and (d) JJ Clusters or Squatter
settlements. The section below describes the characteristics of these areas.

6.5.1 Old Walled City Area

In Delhi, areas designated or notified as slums under the act are generally
located in the Walled City and its adjoining environs. There are 319 katras in
the Walled City area with about 3,000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365
properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require
resettlement of inhabitants. In addition, there are 400 properties, which are
with the Evacuee Property Cell of Land and Building Department of Delhi
Government.

6.6 SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS / JJ CLUSTERS

The squatter settlements are encroachments on mainly public land. As such
these are illegal clusters (JJCs) and are devoid of any legal entitlements.
However, efforts have been made by the government to extend basic social and
environmental services to them (Refer Box 2)


6-4

Box 2: Urban Poor and Type of Shelter
The category of the urban poor mainly comprises of the inhabitants in JJ clusters /
squatter settlements. These inhabitants are service providers, which includes
domestic help, hawkers and vendors, low paid workers in the industrial, commercial
and trade / business sectors etc.

The socio-economic constraints on access to income pose constraints to food and other
basic necessities including shelter. As a result, they are constrained to live in the
worst kind of settlements. Substandard housing is not only the consequence of poverty
but also policy and financial constraints imposed on the government departments and
agencies to provide adequate services for the poor. However, the type of housing they
are constrained to choose is largely the consequence of poverty.

6.6.1 Location and Distribution of JJ Clusters

JJ clusters are scattered all over the city. Generally they are situated on the
vacant land along railway lines, roads, drains and river embankments and also
vacant spaces near residential, industrial and commercial complexes. Around
55 per cent of squatters are near the residential areas and 40% along the road
berms (Table 2).

Table 6.2: Status of JJ Clusters in Delhi

Areas with
Encroachment
Number
of
Squatters
% age
to
Total
Residential Areas 34100 55.86
Road Berms 24184 39.62
Park and Open Spaces 966 1.58
Schools 500 0.82
Market 1093 1.79
Railway Station 200 0.33
TOTAL 61043 100.00
Market
2%
Schools
1%
Park and Open
Spaces
2%
Road Berms
40%
Residential Areas
55%

Source: Sabir Ali, Environment Scenario of Delhi Slums, Centre for Social Development Studies, 1998

It is clear from
Table 6.3 that
around 70% of
clusters have less
than 500 JJs. This
percentage has
remained constant
from 1991-2001.
The sharp decline
in the number of JJ
clusters (1994-
2001) is attributed
to large scale
relocation of JJs
since 1999.


6-5

Table 6.3: Size Wise Distribution of JJ Clusters

Number of
JJ in
Clusters
1991 1994 2001
Upto 100 496 396 227
101-500 311 446 295
501-1000 59 121 110
1001-1500 30 54 37
1500 &
above
33 63 59
Above
1500
8%
1001-
1500
5%
501-
1000
15%
101-500
41%
Upto 100
31%

Source: (i) Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi; (ii) Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi
Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001

Some of the major areas with concentrations of slums in various pockets of
Delhi are presented in Figure 6.2 and Box 3.

Box 3: Areas with Concentration of JJ Clusters
The spread of JJ clusters ranges from a plot of 0.4 acres with 8 JJs to JJCs as large as
50 acres with 10,000 households & 45000 population. The average number of JJ per
acre comes to 200 with 193 being the lowest (Nazafgarh area) and 206 the highest
(Gole Market and Kalkaji areas). The average area of JJ is 20m
2
. Some of the major
area with such concentrations are given below

A) HIGH CONCENTRATION:
a. Minto Road/Gole Market/Matia Mahal (129 clusters, 43388 JJs, 215.08 acres)-NDMC
Area
b. Badarpur/Tulaqabad/Saket (79 clusters, 64187 JJs, 79 acres)-MCD Area
c. Moti Nagar/ Patel Nagar/Rajendra Nagar (72 clusters, 35,427 JJs, 175.45 acres)-
MCD Area
d. Jahangirpuri/Adarsh Nagar/Model Town/Wazirpur (117 clusters, 71538 JJs, 356
acres) -MCD Area
e. Badli/Shahbad-Daulatpur (21 clusters, 27,551 JJs, 137.70 acres) -MCD Area

B) MEDIUM CONCENTRATION:
a) Delhi Cantonment/Janakpuri/Tilak Marg (17 clusters, 18,982 JJs, 95.03 acres) -MCD
Area
b) Bishwas Nagar/ Shahdara/Babarpur (44 clusters, 18915 JJs, 88.91 acres)-MCD Area
c) Hauzkhas/RK Puram (52 clusters, 14110 JJs, 70.22 acres)-NDMC Area

C) LOW CONCENTRATION:
a) Nazargarh/Nasirpur/Palam (11 clusters, 363 JJs, 1.83 acres)-MCD Area
b) Sarojini Nagar/Kalkaji/Malaviya Nagar/Ambedkar Nagar/ Kasturba Marg (45
clusters, 11,802 JJs, 68.42 acres)-NDMC Area

6.6.2 Growth of Squatter Settlements

The squatter settlements or jhuggi jhopari clusters (JJC) assume strategic
importance as far as issues of unorganized settlements are concerned. As
mentioned in Table 6.4 , in 1951 Delhi had 12749 jhuggi jhopris (JJs) scattered
over 199 clusters. By 1973 the number of JJs had reached 98483 spread over
1373 clusters. The resettlement scheme pursued in 1962-77, with a
2001

6-6

concentrated effort in 1975-77 resulted in the resettlement of 2.4 lakh JJs in
different parts of Delhi. In 1977 only 20000 JJ households remained to be
relocated. But, in 1983 the number of squatter households had gone upto 1.13
lakhs. In 2001 the JJ clusters had declined to (729 from 1080 in 1994) due to
relocation of around 300 clusters from Gautampuri, Kingsway Camp, Ashok
Vihar, AIIMS and Hauz Khas etc.

Table 6.4: Status of JJ Clusters in Delhi

YEAR JJ CLUSTERS JHUGGI HHS AREA IN HA POPULATION
1951 199 12749 21.1 63745
1973 1373 98483 164.1 492415
1983 534 113000 188.3 565000
1990 929 259000 431.7 1295000
1997 1100 600000 902.1 3000000
2001 728 429662 650.2 2148310
Source: Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi

6.6.3 Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters

The land owning agencies in whose area the JJ clusters are situated are given in
Table 6.5. Eighty Three percent of DDA land is squatted on by 600 JJ clusters
(refer Annex-6.1).

Table 6.5: Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters

Number of
Jhuggies LO AGENCY
1990 1994
Populatio
n
1994
Area in
Acres
DDA 280988 349705 1856683 1865.93
L&DO 21530 29415 132327 149.86
Railway 12161 17346 78929 84.34
MCD 8428 11052 52045 47.29
NDMC 3226 4487 20182 22.52
Gram Sabha 4132 4360 19619 21.31
Cantonment
Board
1570 1700 7064 7.86
CPWD 3040 4316 19421 16.84
Private 2454 2885 12980 14.45
TOTAL 337529 425266 2199250 2230.4
NDMC
1%
Gram Sabha
1%
CB
8% CPWD
1%
Private
1%
Railway
4%
MCD
2%
L&DO
7%
DDA
83%
Source: Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project
(DUEIIP), January 2001

6.6.4 Access to Infrastructure in Slums/JJ Clusters

Water and sanitation facilities in these unorganized colonies, particularly JJ
clusters, is poor. Only 21 % of colonies are covered with piped water supply and
10% are covered by sanitation. Table 6.6 presents a satisfactory level of
infrastructure availability in unplanned settlements, but these facilities are
non- functional in around 75-80% of the settlements. The average population
served by one PSP ranges from 250-300 against the standard of 150. Moreover,
average waiting time at PSP is 20-30 minutes. Around 85-90% of JJ clusters did
not have even community toilets, forcing habitants to defecate in the open
near the water bodies or drainage channels.


6-7

Table 6.6: Water and Sanitation Status in the Unplanned Settlements (2004)

Piped Water Supply Sewer Facility
Service Provision in
Unplanned Settlement
Number
% of
Colonies
Number % of Colonies
Regularized
Unauthorized colonies
557 98.2 458 80.7
Resettlement Colonies 44 100.0 44 100.0
JJ Clusters 158 21.7 72 9.8

6.7 RESETTLEMENT COLONIES

Under the schemes for resettlement of JJ clusters 47 resettlement colonies
were developed during 1961-77. Around 2.0 Lakh plots were developed
accommodating about 2.4 lakh households. These resettlement colonies have
degenerated due to intense population pressures and unorganized
development. Therefore investment towards up gradation of physical
infrastructure has to be made for improving civic life. Annex 6.2 gives detailed
list of resettlement colonies in City.

6.7.1 Location of Resettlement Colonies

The spatial distribution of these colonies indicates that they are proliferating
mainly in the south-east, north east, north-west, south-west and central parts
of the NCT of Delhi. There are five colonies in South-East, eight in North-East,
15 in North West, Seven in South West and 12 in central Delhi.

6.8 RELOCATION SITES

There are around 11 relocation sites such as Bawana, Holambi Kalan, Papan
kalan, Rohini, Narela, Savdar Ghevada etc. The most recent relocation has been
made to three principal sites. These are Dwarka (known also as Papan Kalan),
Rohini, Narela and Savdar Ghevada. The main pockets from where JJ Cluster
were relocated are Central, South and East Delhi areas. Thus, during 1999-
2000, 3741 squatter households from the JJ clusters at CGO complex,
Chanakyapuri, Kotla Mubarakpur, Andrews Ganj, Sadiq Nagar, Mahki Sarai,
Shahdara were moved to Narela and Rohini. 27.4 acres of land has been
allotted at Molar Bund for shifting of the JJ cluster at Gautam Nagar behind
AIIMS. In 1997-98, DDA allocated 32 acres of land in Tehkhand village for
relocation of squatter families.

These relocation / resettlement sites offer no security of tenure to habitants
who begin a new life without security, basic services, schools and other basic
amenities. (Refer Figure 6.2 & 6.2 (a))

Box 4: Experience of Relocation
One of the problems with regard to the strategy of relocation is that of allottees
transferring the plots for payment and then squatting elsewhere. According to recent
estimates by DDA, more than 50 per cent of the allottees have sold their plots which
are now occupied by unauthorized persons. The sample survey in Kalkaji and
Dakshinpuri resettlement colony (out of 6238 units only 2350 were original allottees)
reveals that around 50% occupants were not original allottees. The transfer of
properties has been attributed to the fact that relocation sites planned were 40km
away from the existing location of JJ clusters.

6-8

At Bhalswa resettlement site, communities were relocated in November 2000. They
started the process of constructing their homes on land allotted to them without any
tenure document. Without adequate documented tenure, the residents cannot obtain
loans from financial institutions. Additionally, unscrupulous property dealers offer
loans to residents and then coerce them to leave under duress.

Figure 6.2(a): Relocation Sites and Recent Eviction Sites
PAPANKALAN
-SECTOR 1
ASHOK VIHAR
NEHRU PLACE
MOLADBUND
MADANPUR
KHADER
PUTHKALAN
BAKHARWAL
A
BHALASWA
NARELA
JAHANGIRIPURI
KINGSWAY CAMP
PAPANKALAN
-SECTOR 16A
KALYANPURI
GAUTAMPURI
TRILOKPURI
ASHOK VIHAR
AIIM
HAUZKHAS
Relocation Sites
Eviction Sites
Figure 6.2: Relocation Sites and Relocated JJ Clusters
Narela
(10422)
Bhalasw
a
Holambi
kalan
Rohini
(2151)
Bakanwara
(2000)
Papan kalan
(5650)
Madanpur
Khadder

6-9

6.9 SLUM DEVELOPMENT POLICES & STRATEGIES

The approach of the government towards areas notified as Slums under the
Slum areas Act 1956
1
has been three pronged (i) Clearance/Relocation; (ii) In-
situ upgradation; and (iii) Environmental Improvement Schemes. Clearance /
relocation has been the mainstay of the policy towards the squatters and JJ
clusters. The program of squatter clearance was discontinued at the end of the
sixth plan (1980-85). The clearance program has been initiated again in 2005.

The general policy adopted by the government has been two fold (i) No new
encroachment shall be permitted on public land and (ii) Past encroachments
viz. those in existence up to 1990 would not be removed without providing
alternatives.

6.9.1 Walled City Slum (Katra) Clearance and Improvement

There are 319 katras in the walled city area with about 3000 buildings or
properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and
therefore require resettlement of the inhabitants. In addition, there are 400
properties, which are with the evacuee property cell of Land and Building
Department, Delhi Government. At present two schemes are being
implemented by the slum wing for the improvement of the wall city. These are
(i) structural improvement of Katras; (ii) relocation of Katra Dwellers. The
salient features of these programmes are presented below.

NAME OF
PROGRAMME
SALIENT FEATURES ACHIEVEMENT
Katra
Structural
Improvement
Structural improvement are made
only to those katra properties
where:
(i) Cost of structural repairs does
not exceed Rs 1000 per m
2
and
habitable space after structure
improvement should not fall below
3m
2
per inhabitant.
(ii) Per capita space is more than
3m
2
but cost of repair exceeds Rs
1000 per m
2
, the occupants are
either evacuated or conferred
ownership rights to enable them to
make improvements either by
themselves or by forming a co-
operative society.
About Rs 2 crore per year is
being utilized from Plan
funds for repair of these
Katras by the slum wing and
the transferring the
ownership right to the
residing households for
maintenance.
Katra
Clearance
Katra properties that do not fall
under the parameter of structural
improvement are to be cleared.
In 9
th
five year plan, the
relocation scheme contains
two components. These are
construction of 261 flats at
Ajmeri Gate, where katra
properties were cleared, and
construction of 900
incremental type houses in
various parts of Delhi.
Environment
Improvement
Environment improvement is
undertaken under urban basic
Upto 1989, 14.50 lakh slum
dwellers had benefited under

1
The Old city areas and unauthorized colonies are notified as slum under the provision of Slum Area Act 1956. The
provisions of the act are not applied to the squatters or JJ clusters.

6-10

NAME OF
PROGRAMME
in Katras services programme (UBS). This
programme includes the provision
of water supply, sewers, storm
water drains, jan suvidha
complexes, widening and paving of
existing lanes, dalaos/dustbins,
community facilities etc.
the programme. The
facilities provided are: 78
Multi-purpose centres; 3
open air theatres; 10
physical training centres; 8
social welfare centres; 677
water taps/handpumps; 642
WC seats; 20550 metres
sewerline; 122077 metre
storm water drains; 5397
street light; 5 lakh square
metre roads; 122 parks for
children

6.9.2 JJ Clusters and Squatter Settlements

Three pronged strategy has been adopted by Government of Delhi
2
for dealing
with the problems of JJ Clusters. These strategies are (i) Relocation of Jhuggie
Households; (ii) In-situ Up gradation of JJ Clusters; and (iii) Extension of
minimum basic civic amenities for community use under EIUS schemes in JJ
clusters. The salient features and achievement of these schemes and
programmes are presented below:

NAME OF
PROGRAMME
Relocation &
Resettlement
Under this Strategy, relocation has
to be carried out for only those
clusters that are required by the
land owning agency for projects of
larger public interest. The cost of
resettlement due to the land
owning agency amounts to Rs
29,000 per household. The
beneficiary
3
is expected to
contribute Rs 7000 and the Slum
department has to provide a grant
of Rs 10,000 towards the cost of
sites and services for the purpose
of resettlement.
During 1990-99, about 13000
JJ households have been
relocated. During 1999-00,
about 3741 squatter
households from JJ clusters at
CGO complex, Chanakyapuri,
Kotla Mubarakpur, Andrews
Ganj, Sadiq Nagar, Mahki
Sarai, Shahdara were moved to
Narela and Rohini.
In-situ
Upgradation of
JJ Clusters
4

The scheme involves re-planning of
the existing JJ dwelling units in
modified layouts by redistributing
the encroached land pockets. The
JJ households are given plots of 10
to 12.5 m
2
in modified layouts. The
beneficiary constructs the shelter
under a self help approach with
technical extension services from
MCD and Slum & JJ department
In-Situ up-gradation has been
undertaken in 3 JJ clusters viz
at Prayog Vihar (214 DUs),
Ekta Vihar (471 DUs) and
Shanti Vihar (112 DUs)
respectively. At present JJ
clusters of Shahbad-Daulatpur
are being developed with this
approach for providing
infrastructure services. In first

2
Government of Delhi has emphasized on two policies with regards to JJ Clusters Policy-1: No fresh encroachments
shall be permitted on public land and Policy-2: Past encroachments which had been in existence prior to 31/01/90
would not be removed without providing alternatives.
3
The beneficiaries staying in JJ clusters prior to 1990 are provided with 18.5m
2
plots, whereas those settled in 1990-98
are provided with 12.5m
2
plots at the relocation site. The squatters settled after 1998 are displaced without providing
alternatives.
4
The implementation of this programme is dependent upon two conditions. One is No Objection Certificate from
the land owning agency and the other is clearance of the project by the technical committee of DDA.

6-11

NAME OF
PROGRAMME
and consultative support from
NGOs & VOs.
Upto 1992-93, in-situ upgradation
was limited within a cost ceiling of
Rs. 6000 per dwelling unit, which
has been extended to Rs 8000 per
dwelling unit.
phase, 4800 families are being
covered and the second phase
will take care of 4000
households.
Environment
Improvement
Scheme of JJ
Clusters
In JJ clusters, which are not being
relocated or developed with the in-
situ approach, basic amenities are
provided under the Environment
Improvement of Urban Slums
Scheme. The minimum basic
facilities provided are as per the
prescribed national norm
5
of Rs 525
per capita, which has been raised
to Rs 800 since April 1995.
Jansuvidha Complexes:
1985-1991: 138 Pay and Use
Jan Suvidha Complexes were
constructed.
1995-1999: 365 Pay and Use
Jan Suvidha Complexes and
9211 WCs were constructed.
Water Supply:
Until 1990: 917 water
hydrants had been provided in
280 JJ clusters and 601 India
Mark-II hand pumps installed
in 205 dwellers.
Street Light:
Upto 1990: In all 4981 electric
poles containing 6,318 street
light points were available in
326 clusters.

6.9.3 Tenure Funding Mechanisms

The current land tenure allotted to the dwellers is for a lease period of 5 to 10
years. The lease period of around 80% dwellers at relocation sites has expired.
The NGOs / Slum & JJ Department assist in forming societies by motivating the
beneficiaries. Beneficiaries are to meet the incidental charges amounting to Rs
247 towards formation of the Societies. Resettlement is organized by setting
up multi-purpose co-operative societies comprising of about 200 families.

6.9.4 Financial Performance of Slum Improvement

The amount spent on slum improvement and rehabilitation programmes in the
city by the slum department of the MCD since the year 2002 03 has been given
in Table 6.7. The maximum expenditure of Rs. 179.3 million was in the year
2003-04 under the National Slum Development Programme. A steep decline in
the allocations for slum development is evident. Since 1991, the slum
department has developed around 55000 plots for relocation of squatters
through non-Plan investment and has not utilized the Plan investment as is
evident from the table below.

5
The Norms and Standards for basic amenities are: (i) Water Supply-One tap for 150 persons; (ii) Drainage for Waste
water and Storm Water; (iii) Community Bath- One bath for 20-50 persons; (iv) Community Latrine- One WC seat for 20-
25 persons; (v) Widening and paving of lanes; (vi) Street lighting- poles 30 meters apart and (vii) Community Facilities-
Community Centres, Dispensaries, non-formal educational centre.

6-12

Table 6.7: Financial Performance of Slum Improvement (Rs Million)

Name of Schemes 10
th
Plan
Approved
Out Lays
2002-
03
2003-04
2004-
05
2005-06
Night Shelter including
Mobile

30 5.9 6.03 6.04 5.51
Relocation of Squatter

1200 - - - -
Construction of Community
Halls

50 11.2 6.03 6.57 18.22
In situ Up gradation of Slums
and JJ Clusters

100 - - - -
Environment Improvement in
Urban Slums

100 55.6 19.7 18.8 19.95
Construction of Pay & Use
Jan Suvidha Complex

50 10.0 10.0 8.60 3.9
Structural improvement and
rehabilitation of Katras

100 22.5 28.2 25.7 18.57
Incremental Houses for Katra
Dwellers

50 5.15 1.8 - -
Shishu vatikas/common
spaces in JJ clusters

25 5.51 4.4 1.3 13.19
National Slum Development
Programme

1000 176.9 179.4 132.7 88.53
Study and preparation of
perspective plan of sub
standard area for next 20
years

50 - - - -
TOTAL

2755 292.9 255.6 199.8 167.8

6.10 ISSUES IN SHELTER FOR THE URBAN POOR

The evaluation of slums, JJ clusters and resettlement sites, housing workers
and service providers in Delhi highlighted the following issues:

(i) Legal Security of Tenure: Studies conducted by various NGOs and CBOs
highlighted the problem of security of legal tenure, rights of the
dwellers on resettlement sites and the JJ clusters. Without adequate
documented tenure, the residents cannot obtain loans from financial
institutions. Additionally, unscrupulous property dealers offer loans to
residents and then coerce them to leave under duress.


6-13

(ii) Access to Appropriate Mechanisms of Finance: The poor are unable to
meet the requirements of conventional financing institutions, and
housing micro-finance is poorly developed.

(iii) In-situ Up gradation of Existing JJ clusters: Around 80% of dwellers of
JJ clusters favour in-situ up-gradation of clusters with provision of plots
not less than 40m
2
. In case the relocation is unavoidable, it shall be
within 2km radius. If plots cannot be provided, relocation in G+1
structures is preferred.

(iv) Access to Public Goods and Services: In all the relocation sites, and 85-
90% of JJ clusters, residents did not have access to public goods and
services. These areas lack general health services, access to portable
water and sanitation. As discussed above, residents are dependent on
private tankers to meet their water need. In all the JJ clusters,
residents have to travel average distances of 500m-700m to PSP with an
average waiting time of 20-25 minutes. All the twelve relocation sites
are not accessible from arterial & sub arterial roads in the city.

(v) Variable plots sizes at relocation sites: The eligibility criteria for
resettlement is restricted to those who are (i) Indian Nationals and (ii)
residing on the respective site as on 31
st
December 1998 as evidenced by
ration cards. Because of the cut-off date, upto 40-45% families of JJ
clusters are ineligible for relocation. Hence, it has become very difficult
to get encroached land pockets completely vacated.

The existing practice adopted by slum department for provision of plot
to the beneficiaries is (i) 18m
2
to beneficiaries settled before 1990 and
12.5m
2
to beneficiaries settled during 1990-98. This practice of providing
differential plots sizes to the beneficiaries, which is lower than the
UNHCR guideline of 40 m
2
, is one of the major issues to be tackled as
part of the slum relocation policy.

(vi) Land Suitability of Relocation Sites: The land provided for the
construction of homes in five of the twelve sites is uninhabitable. In
areas of Hastsal, Bhalsawa and Madanpur Khader, around 15-20 % of
plots are 5-10 feet below Ground Level and vulnerable to flooding.


6-14

Annex-6.1

Area of Squatter Settlements in Delhi Classified as per Land Owning Agencies, 1994

S. No. Land Owning Agency Area (in Acres) Population %
1. Delhi Development Authority 1,495.67 1,346,103 62.56
2. DDA / Slum Dept. 297.04 267,336 12.24
3. L&DO 135.92 122,328 5.68
4. Data not available 97.11 87,394 4.06
5. Railway 90.64 81,571 3.79
6. Slum Dept. / Private 60.00 54,000 2.51
7. Slum Dept. 45.45 40,900 1.90
8. DDA / Railway 37.17 33,448 1.55
9. NDMC 22.27 20,038 0.93
10. Gram Sabha 21.54 19,386 0.90
11. CPWD 16.83 15,147 0.70
12. Private 15.09 13,576 0.63
13. MCD 12.31 11,074 0.51
14. L&DO / CPWD 11.59 10,431 0.48
15. Cantonment Board 7.85 7,065 0.33
16. DDA / Private 4.5 4,131 0.19
17. CPWD / Waqf Board 4.00 3,600 0.17
18. CPWD / L&DO 3.25 2,925 0.14
19. Delhi University 2.24 2,016 0.09
20. DDA / Waqf Board 2.00 1,800 0.08
21. DDA / L&DO 1.50 1,350 0.60
22. PWD / Railway 1.25 1,125 0.050
23. MCD / Flood control 0.94 841 0.04
24. P&T Dept. 0.90 810 0.04
25. Defence 0.84 751 0.03
26. Railway / MCD 0.68 607 0.03
27. L&DO / NDMC 0.62 553 0.03
28. Delhi Admn. / Flood control 0.56 508 0.02
29. Flood Control 0.46 409 0.02
30. Delhi Admn. 0.26 234 0.01
31. Private (Gram Sabha) 0.26 234 0.01
32. Archaeological Deptt. 0.11 99 0.00
33. PWD - -
TOTAL 2,390.94 2,151,790 100.00
1998-99 estimates 3,000,000
Source: Slum Wing, MCD

6-15

Annex 6.2
Resettlement Colonies in Delhi

Name of the Colony
Estimated
Population
Area
(in
acres)
21 / 25 /
31 sq.
yds.
80 sq.
yds.
Tenement

More than 1,00,000 Population
Jahangirpuri 125100 1061.22 25020 - -
Patparganj Complex,
Trilokpuri, Kalyanpuri,
Khichripuri
110000 2013.87 22000 - -
Mangolpuri Ph. III 105160 332.92 21032 - -

20,000 1,00,000 Population
Sultanpuri 97010 624.57 19402 - -
N. G. Road (Sector A, D, E & C) 42100 213.53 5829 1591 100
Nand Nagri, Ph. I 39975 244.33 7995 - -
Dakshinpuri Extn. 32145 47.07 6429 - -
Madangir 31770 139.20 6354 - -
Shakurpur, Ph. I & II 30780 91.53 6156 - -
Seelampur Ph. III and IV 29275 - 3586 1277 922
Dakshinpuri, R/Scheme 29015 77.90 5803 - -
Wazirpur 28425 3070 5685 - -
Nangloi, Phase II 22035 52.30 4407 - -
Madipur 21610 55.70 4322 - -

Less Than 20,000 Population
Mangolpuri, Ph. II 191170 58.49 3834 - -
Naraina 18700 65.00 3740 - -
Seemapuri Old 18130 44.00 3626 - -
Nangloi, Phase IV 18090 53.81 3618 - -
Hastsal 17300 40.95 3460 - -
Khayala, Ph. I, II & III 16810 49.42 3362 - -
Seemapuri, New Ph, I, II & III 16265 43.84 3253 - -
Mangolpuri, Ph. I 14700 47.74 2940 - -
Addl. Plots at Sultanpuri 13860 220.93 2772 - -
Addl. Plots, N. G. Road (R-
Block, B-Block, etc.)
13570 - 2714 - -
Gokalpuri 12010 36.72 2402 - -
Nehru Vihar 11045
Nand Nagari Extn. 10930 30.52 2186 - -
Seelampur, Ph. I, II 10800 - 580 1580 -
Kondli 10725 38.42 2145 - -
Nand nagari, Ph. II 10000 76.92 2000 - -
Tigri 9770 38.80 1954 - -
Nangloi, Ph. I 8670 30.23 1734 -
Chaukhandi 7770 21.13 1554 - -
Pandav Nagar 7670 45.47 1534 - -
Shakurpur, Ph. III 7280 19.55 1456 - -
Kalkaji 7040 58.60 - - 1408
West of Khanpur 6030 17.67 1206 - -
Block P.A.G. Extn. N and Nagri
Weaver Colony
5480 12.40 1096 - -
Nangloi, Phase III 4270 11.00 854 - -
Shakurpur, Ph. IV 4260 15.49 852 - -
Sunlight Colony 4225 48.05 679 166 -

6-16

Name of the Colony
Estimated
Population
Area
(in
acres)
21 / 25 /
31 sq.
yds.
80 sq.
yds.
Tenement
Mangolpuri 3360 9.41 672 - -
Seelampur additional plots 2900 - 580 - -
Ranjit Nagar 2480 6.00 - - 496
Sriniwaspuri 2115 15.04 - 423 -
Garhi Village 1920 7.68 - - 384
Moti Bagh, (Ring Road) 1495 14.50 - 299 -
Total 1061745

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 7 : Conservation & Heritage
Management

7-1

CHAPTER - 7
CONSERVATION & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Heritage Resource Conservation and Management imperatives for Delhi

The distinctive historical pattern of
development of Delhi, with sixteen
identified capital cities
1
located in different
parts of the triangular area between the
Aravalli ridge and the Yamuna river, has
resulted in the distribution of a large
number of highly significant heritage
resources, mainly dating from the 13
th

century onwards, as an integral component
within the contemporary city
environment. (Map-1)

In addition, as many of these heritage
resources (Ashokan rock edict, two World
Heritage Sites, most ASI protected
monuments) are closely associated with the
ridge, existing water systems, forests and
open space networks, they exemplify the
traditional link between natural and cultural resources which needs to be
enhanced and strengthened in order to improve Delhis environment. (Map -2)

7.1.1 Heritage Typologies Location and Significance

These heritage resources continue to be of great significance and relevance to
any sustainable development planning vision for Delhi, encompassing a vast
range of heritage typologies
2
, including:

1. Archaeological sites,

2. Fortifications, citadels, different types of palace buildings and
administrative complexes,

3. Religious structures and complexes, including Dargah complexes

4. Memorials, funerary structures, tombs

5. Historic gardens,

6. Traditional networks associated with systems of water harvesting and
management

1
Indraprastha ( c. 1st millennium BCE), Dilli, Surajpals Surajkund, Anangpals Lal Kot, Prithviraj Chauhans Qila Rai
Pithora, Kaiquabads Khilokhri, Alauddin Khiljis Siri, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaqs Tughlaqabad, Muhammad Bin Tughlaqs
Jahanpanah, Firoz Shah Tughlaqs Firozabad, Khizr Khans Khizrabad, Mubarak Shahs Mubarakabad, Humayuns
Dinpanah, Sher Shah Suris Dilli Sher Shahi, Shah Jehans Shahjehanabad, and Lutyens New Delhi.
2
INTACH listing identifies 35 categories

7-2

7. Hunting lodge complexes or Shikargahs,

8. Living settlements such as the historic Walled City with its traditional
mohallas, and historic housing stock including havelis, kuchas, katras.

9. Urbanised historic villages or traditional settlements incorporated within
the urban limits with traditional multiple-use bazaar spines, and Rural
historic villages

10. The planned Garden city of New Delhi

Not only are these heritage resources (including two World Heritage Sites, one
World Monuments Watch Endangered Site and numerous traditional Dargah
associated settlements which are vibrant centres of cultural and pilgrim
significance) integral to defining the identity of Delhi, but they are also of
immense historical, archaeological, architectural, functional, economic,
recreational and educational value to the citizens of contemporary Delhi.

7.1.2 Potential for Community Based Regeneration and Heritage Tourism

Almost all sections of the city are enriched by these heritage resources, with a
concentration of specific heritage components being located in the walled city
of Shahjehanabad and areas associated with the sites of the other historic
capital cities such as Mehrauli, Shahpur Jat, Tughlaquabad.

Many of these significant heritage resources are located in fast-deteriorating
historic urban areas and historic villages, and are threatened by over-use or
inappropriate uses, property speculation, poverty of the inhabitants and
inadequate infrastructure.

However, their latent potential for macro-level city environmental
improvement as well as community level economic regeneration through
appropriate, participatory conservation and comprehensive heritage
management plans and measures which include area-level conservation,
adaptive reuse, visitor interpretation and cultural tourism is significant and
should be taken into account by the CDP.

7.1.3 Ineffective conservation framework and lack of integration with the
development planning process.

Although there has been a concern for the preservation of the monuments of
Delhi since the first systematic surveys and investigations were carried out in
the late 19
th
century by the ASI, resulting in the identification of 106
monuments by Dr Rodgers, 269 monuments by Dr Vogel in 1902, and 1317
monuments, sites and buildings by Maulvi Zafar Hasan in 1911- 1916, for various
reasons only 175 of these which were of Grade I were notified for protection
as being of national significance (Ref. Appendix-1).

By 2004, the number of monuments notified for protection by the ASI in the
NCT of Delhi was reduced to 151+4, as some of the monuments were considered
by the ASI to have lost their significance due to rapid urbanization, despite the
provisions of the 1961 Master Plan for Delhi, and were under the process of

7-3

being deprotected. The State Department of Archaeology of the GNCTD has
protected only 20 monuments to date.

Surveys and conservation initiatives
by INTACH in the 80s and 90s
3

revealed that out of the remaining
1142 historical monuments, sites and
buildings identified by Maulvi Zafar
Hasan in 1911-1916, which were
considered to be of regional and
local importance but were not
protected, almost one third had
been lost, indicating the lack of an
effective conservation framework.

7.1.4 Existing framework for Conservation and Integrated Heritage Management
for Delhi Necessity for Coordination and Convergence

The existing institutional
framework for protection,
conservation and management
of the heritage resources of
Delhi, within the urban
management framework, is
characterized by administrative
and technical sectorisation of
responsibilities. As mentioned
by both the Delhi Urban
Environment and Infrastructure
Improvement Project (DUEIIP),
2001 and the Draft MPD 2021,
there is a clear necessity for
coordination and convergence in conservation and formulation of locally based
community development programmes which include upgradation, regeneration
and provision of essential infrastructure in areas with a concentration of
identified heritage resources.

7.1.5 Agencies involved with planning and implementation of heritage
conservation and rehabilitation works, as well as continuing maintenance
and management of heritage resources

The primary agencies which are involved with conservation and management of
the built heritage in Delhi are the following:

No Name of Agency &
Relevant Regulatory
Framework
Responsibilities Reporting Structure
1 Archaeological
Survey of India
Delhi Circle
Ancient Monuments,
Archaeological Sites
Designation & protection of
151+4 monuments,
archaeological sites and remains
of National significance, (
reduced from 175/ 163
Central Government
organization under
the Union Ministry of
Culture
Nodal officer:

3
INTACH Listing of Heritage Buildings of Delhi, 2000

7-4

No Name of Agency &
Relevant Regulatory
Framework
and Remains Act,
1959
Notification issued in
1997 under Rule 32
of the Ancient
Monuments,
Archaeological Sites
and Remains Rules,
1959
UNESCO World
Heritage Convention

designated in the original list)as
well as the management of
designated World Heritage Sites.
4

The ASI also coordinates with
local governments to prohibit,
restrict and regulate
development in the areas (
100+200m buffer zones)
demarcated around the
protected area of each national
monument.

Two major heritage sites, the
Qutb Complex and Humayuns
Tomb Complex have been
designated as World Heritage
Sites by UNESCO.

Superintending
Archaeologist, Delhi
Circle.
Overall
Responsibility:
Director General of
the ASI, reporting to
the Secretary,
Culture (GoI)
2 GNCT Delhi
Department of
Archaeology &
Museums

Delhi Ancient and
Historical Monuments
and Sites and
Remains Act 2005
Conservation, preservation and
beautification of monuments
other than those maintained by
the Archaeological Survey of
India;
Survey, listing, documentation,
Acquisition and protection of
monuments; Archaeological
explorations and excavations;
Educational activities and
bringing out departmental
publications.
Only 20 of more than 1300
historical monuments of different
periods identified in Delhi, at
present protected by Dept. of
Archaeology(Website)
Manages Museums of Archaeology
and Delhi City, and has
undertaken restoration works on
privately owned monuments and
historic buildings.
Coordinates with local
authorities to prohibit, restrict
and regulate development in the
areas (50 + 100m buffer zones)
demarcated around the
protected area of each state
monument.
The Deputy Director
of Archaeology is the
Nodal Officer under
the Director of
Archaeology,
reporting to the
Secretary (Art &
Culture), Delhi
Government.
Advisory committee
under the
chairmanship of
Secretary (Art &
Culture) proposed by
the GNCTD
Department of
Archaeology, to
advise and oversee
the activities of
conservation of
monuments and other
related activities of
the department.

3 DDA - Heritage Cell
(Delhi Urban
Heritage Foundation
Preparation of Master Plans,
Zonal & Sub-Zonal Plans which
take heritage conservation into
Ministry of Urban
Development (GoI)

4
ASI is concerned with structural and chemical preservation of monuments and antiquities, excavation and
exploration of archaeological sites and remains, epigraphy and publications on inscriptions and archaeology, giving
advice to the Ministry of Culture on archaeological matters, horticultural operations around the protected monuments,
maintenance of site museums etc.

7-5

No Name of Agency &
Relevant Regulatory
Framework
notified in 1999
under a sub-section
of the DDA Act)
Number of provisions
for conservation of
the built heritage in
its 15 Planning
Zones
5
in the Draft
MPD 2021 as well as
the Zonal
Development Plan
for the Walled City
(Part Zone A and C
approved 1999)
Draft MPD 2021
mentions
evelopment plans /
schemes to conform
to the amended
Building Byelaws
1993, vide Clause 23
according to the
chapter inserted on
Conservation of
Heritage Sites
including Heritage
Building, Heritage
Precincts and
Natural Feature
Areas

account
Draft MPD-2021 contains a
conservation strategy that
identifies six key Heritage Zones
and three Archaeological Parks
and also stipulates that while
preparing layout plans, 170 (sic)
ASI protected monuments as well
as heritage buildings listed by the
GNCTD Department of
Archaeology, MCD and NDMC
should be suitably
incorporated.
In case of major monuments it is
necessary that surrounding areas
should be identified in the
layout/detail plan, and should
have building controls in relation
to height, material and spread
of the monuments.
Suggests that with the aim of
framing policies and strategies
for conservation, appropriate
action plans and Special
Development Plans may be
prepared by all the agencies
concerned with the protection of
Delhis built heritage such as the
ASI, GNCTD Department of
Archaeology, MCD, NDMC,
Cantonment Board and DDA. The
DDA has formulated and financed
the implementation of proposals
for designated heritage resources
with the assistance of INTACH
and other organizations (MCD,
DJB, DTTDC)
Delhi Urban Heritage
Foundation under the
Director (--) who
should be a qualified
Architect,
Conservation
Architect or
Landscape Architect.
4 MCD
MCD Heritage Cell
and MCD Heritage
Society

Almost 75% of the built heritage
listed by INTACH in 2000is
situated in the Municipal
Corporation of Delhi area,( which
constitutes an urban area of
599.6 kms and rural area of
797.70 sq. kms subdivided into
different zones
6
) It includes the
Walled City of Shahjehanabad
and extensions, a number of
historic urban and rural villages
The MCD reports to
the Ministry of Home
Affairs (GoI)

5
Planning Zones of DDA- Master Plan of Delhi / Sub Zonal/Area / Layout Plans: A Old City (1159 ha), B City Extension
(2304 ha), C. Civil Lines (3959 ha), D. New Delhi (6855 ha), E. Trans-Yamuna (8797 ha), F. South Delhi I (11958 ha), G.
West Delhi I (11865 ha), H. North West Delhi (5677 ha), I. South Delhi II (15178 ha.), J. West Delhi II (12056 ha), K. West
Delhi III (22979 ha), L. North West Delhi II (8213 ha), M. North West Delhi III (15851 ha), N. River Yamuna (6081 ha), O.
North Delhi ( 15707 ha)
6
MCD Zones 12 : 1. Civil Lines Zone ( 10 wards), 2. City Zone ( 8 wards), 3. Karol Bagh Zone (10 wards), 4. Najafgarh
Zone (5 wards), 5. Narela Zone ( 4 wards), 6. New Delhi Zone (8 wards), 7. North West Zone (Rohini) (7 wards), 8. Sadar
Paharganj Zone (13 wards), 9. Shahadara (north) Zone (8 wards), 10. Shahadara (south) Zone ( 4 wards), 11. South Zone
(9 wards), 12. West Zone (10 wards)

7-6

No Name of Agency &
Relevant Regulatory
Framework

MCD Heritage Society
set up under an
Office Order as a
specialist advisory
body.

as well as historic buildings and
complexes.
The Municipal Commissioner is
Chairman of the MCD Heritage
Society, heritage advisory board
has been appointed, including
the Chief Town Planner and
conservation experts for the
heritage programme which is to
be taken up for the Walled City
area.
List of heritage resources under
the purview of the MCD compiled
with the assistance of INTACH
Delhi Chapter & Wilsons survey
drawings of Shahjehanabad being
updated to have an accurate
base for formulation of
recommendations for the
conservation and revitalization of
the Walled City.
MCD, in association with the ASI,
Delhi Circle, and the GNCTD
Department of Archaeology is
demarcating the properties
located within the 100 (50m) m
prohibited area and the 200
(100m) m regulated area
surrounding or contiguous with
protected monuments of National
(State) Importance in MCD areas.

MCD has recently
constituted a
Heritage Society.

5 NDMC

The 42.74 sq. km area under the
New Delhi Municipal Council
includes the planned city of New
Delhi established in 1911.
The NDMC area or New Delhi
Zone has a total of 304 heritage
buildings and complexes
identified by the INTACH 2000
(Appendix 2 & 3) List of Historic
Buildings of Delhi, as well the
Connaught Place area, the
Central Vista, New Delhi
Bungalow Zone and also the
Lodhi Gardens and the Delhi Golf
Club which have been identified
as Conservation Areas in the
INTACH 2000 List.
NDMC reports to the
Ministry of Home
Affairs, GoI

NDMC Chief Architect
is responsible for
heritage conservation
activities of NDMC
6 Delhi Urban Arts
Commission - DUAC
Set up by an Act of
Parliament, under
the Delhi Urban Arts
Commission Act of
1973
DUAC advises on preserving and
developing the aesthetic quality
of urban and environmental
design within Delhi.
Guides the local body on any
project or development proposal
which affects the skyline or the
aesthetic quality of the
The Delhi Urban Arts
Commission consists
of a body of experts
and reports to the
Ministry of Urban
Development.

7-7

No Name of Agency &
Relevant Regulatory
Framework
surroundings and redevelopment
in the vicinity of historical areas
and conservation, preservation
and beautification of
monumental buildings, public
parks and public gardens.
The DUAC had a restricted
advisory role with powers of
rejection of non-conforming
projects.
7 CPWD

Responsible for the upkeep and
maintenance of government
owned historic buildings in Delhi.
Heritage resources of great
significance such as the
Rashtrapati Bavan, Secretariat
Buildings, Parliament House and
Central Vista as well as the
architecturally significant
historic bungalows and other
buildings located within the New
Delhi zone. Responsible for over
72,000 original drawings
prepared by Lutyens and other
architects for buildings within
the New Delhi area.
The Central Public
Works Department
reports to the
Ministry of Urban
Development
8 Delhi Cantonment
Board

DCB regulates development in
the Cantonment Area, an area of
42.97 sq.kms. located between
the airport and the NDMC area,
within which features such as the
Cantonment low density
bungalow layout with extensive
gardens, heritage buildings
associated with the Armed
Forces, and components such as
Gopinath Bazaar and St. Martins
Garrison church are considered
to be of significance. The
Cantonment Area has been
proposed as a Conservation Area
by INTACH in the 2000 List.
Delhi Cantonment
Board reports to the
Ministry of Defence.
The Military
Engineering Services
is concerned with the
upkeep and
maintenance of
historic buildings in
this area.

9 Heritage
Conservation
Committee HCC
Established by an
order of the High
Court to ensure
implementation of
Clause 23.16 of the
Unified Building
Byelaws
HCC to be consulted by the
Commissioner, MCD; Vice-
Chairman, DDA; Chairman, NDMC
before granting permission for
any development,
redevelopment, engineering
operations, additions,
alterations, repairs, renovations,
demolition of any part of any
listed building, listed precincts or
listed natural areas.

HCC reports to the
MoUD under the High
Court order.
Associated with the
DUAC.
10 DTTDC
Incorporated in 1979
(name changed to
The DTTDC has sponsored and
undertaken proposals for tourism
development in various heritage
An undertaking of
GNCTD

7-8

No Name of Agency &
Relevant Regulatory
Framework
DTTDC in 1989) sites and urban villages in
collaboration with the ASI,
INTACH, MCD & DDA, including
conservation and restoration
works in the Mehrauli
Archaeological Park.
11 Delhi Waqf Board
established under
the Waqf Act, 1954,
is governed by the
more comprehensive
1995 Waqf Act.
The Waqf Board is one of the
most important property owners
in the historically significant
areas such as Shahjehanabad and
various villages. In Delhi, the
Waqf properties included 774
mosques, 19 Idgahs, 246 Dargahs,
tombs and Khanquahs, Karbala,
extensive historic graveyards
associated with large open,
green areas, and numerous
commercial and residential
properties with some commercial
properties rented out for
generating revenue (totalling
approx.1900 properties
determined through a careful
resurvey process according to the
legal counsel for the Waqf
Board).
Seven members,
three of whom are
elected
representatives and
four who are
appointed by the
GNCTD.

Other agencies which are involved with sectors which are intrinsically linked
with the heritage resources in the case of Delhi are the following:

No Name of Agency &
Regulatory
Framework
1 Forest Department

Responsible for the ridge forest
associated with the extension of
the Aravalli Hills known as the
Ridge, within which are located
significant historic resources of
Delhi. - 6200 ha. of the Southern
Ridge, 626 ha. of the South-
central ridge where Mehrauli is
located, 864 ha. of the Central or
New Delhi ridge within which
historic shikargahs, gardens and
bunds are located and the 87 ha.
of the Northern or Old Delhi Ridge
associated with Delhi University,
Civil Lines and numerous heritage
resources from the Tughlaq and
later British period .
The GNCTD Forest
Department, DDA,
NDMC, CPWD, L&DO
(Land and
Development Office)
of the Ministry of
Urban Development
control different
parts, or different
functions, on the
Ridge. This has lead
to construction and
encroachment on the
Ridge.
2 Delhi Metro Rail
Transit System

Likely impact on both the
unexcavated archaeological
heritage and significant heritage
sites in South Delhi. Final route
decided in consultation with the
ASI Also likely to provide


7-9

No Name of Agency &
Regulatory
Framework
improved access to certain
heritage sites, beneficial for
viability of certain cultural
tourism circuits.
3 National Capital
Region Planning
Board
The Draft Regional
Plan 2021 for the
National Capital
Region prepared by
the NCR Planning
Board
Special emphasis on integrated
tourism development and heritage
conservation and management in
the Region. Proposes to employ
the instrument of the Town &
Country Planning Legislation to
protect the area around identified
heritage resources.
NCR Planning Board
under the Ministry of
Urban Development

Non-Governmental organizations and Citizens organizations which have been
engaged with conservation initiatives, either independently or in coordination
with other Government agencies are the following:

No Name of Organisation
& Regulatory
Framework
1 Pani Morcha

Concerned with water resource
management in Delhi - actively
working in close coordination with
INTACH & Tapas in identification
of the traditional components of
the historic water harvesting and
storage system in Delhi, -
identified numerous historic
tanks, baolis, village ponds and
water bodies, bunds, sluice gates
with a potential for revival and
reintegration into the
contemporary city.
NGO
2 INTACH

Involved with identification and
conservation of heritage
components not in the purview of
the ASI and not formally
protected by the Delhi
Department of Archaeology.
INTACH has prepared a List of
Heritage Buildings in Delhi,
published in 2000, and, while
functioning as an active pressure
group, has also worked on
conservation and restoration of
many heritage resources in the
city, especially in the Mehrauli
Archaeological Park and the
Walled City in coordination with
the DDA, MCD & DTTDC.
Consultants associated with
INTACH have formulated
guidelines for integration of
heritage within the JNNURM City
Development Plans.
Nodal quasi-
autonomous NGO

7-10

No Name of Organisation
& Regulatory
Framework
3 The Church of North
India

Responsible for the upkeep and
maintenance of numerous
significant historic properties,
primarily including important
Church complexes, gardens and
historic educational institutions
and schools which have been
identified in the INTACH 2000
Listing of Delhi.

4 Delhi University

Many of the colleges in the North
Campus of Delhi University, which
were established on the site of
the old Cantonment, have been
designated as significant heritage
resources including the old
Viceregal Lodge (Currently the DU
Office), Gwyer Hall, St Stephens
College campus etc.

Recently undertaken
conservation and
upgradation works
through grants from
the GNCTD.
5 Aga Khan Foundation
for Culture
The Aga Khan Foundation for
Culture, as a part of the Aga Khan
Development Network, is
concerned with contemporary
design, social housing, community
improvement and development,
restoration, reuse and area
conservation as well as landscape
design and improvement of the
environment.
This organization
recently completed a
regeneration project
for the Gardens of
Humayuns Tomb a
World Heritage Site,
and is currently
interested in
sponsoring ongoing
initiatives for the
Humayuns Tomb
Hazrat Nizamuddin
Conservation Area, in
conjunction with the
ASI and other
agencies.
6 Resident Welfare
Associations in
heritage areas
Local Residents Associations in
areas such as Hauz Khas,
Mehrauli, Nizamuddin, Aliganj
etc. which have a high
concentration of significant
heritage resources, have an
important role to play in the
routine maintenance and upkeep
of the areas around the protected
areas of monuments, as well as
unprotected heritage resources in
their localities.

7.1.6 Necessity for Integrated Conservation & Heritage Management Area level
conservation, Heritage Zones and Archaeological Parks

The INTACH report on the Listing of the Built Heritage of Delhi, published in
2000, which also included heritage resources associated with the period
between 1911-1947, buildings in New Delhi and the Cantonment, as well as 19
th


7-11

century residential buildings not identified by the 1911 survey, listed a total of
1203 monuments, sites and buildings, including the 151+ 4 protected by the ASI.

Conservation Zones
In consonance with the international (UNESCO) normative framework for
integrated conservation and heritage management, there has been a shift in
focus from individual monuments, with recent efforts encompassing the entire
Walled City, Archaeological Parks and other heritage Conservation Zones
delineated around traditional settlements such as Hazrat Nizamuddin. Earlier
reports and the 2000 INTACH Listing have identified 26 proposed Conservation
Areas or areas with a concentration of heritage resources in Delhi.

DDA Control Zones
The Zonal Development Plan prepared by the DDA for the Walled City (Part
Zones A & C) , approved 1999, identifies 5 control zones as Conservation
Areas, as well as urban design interest areas, protected monuments and other
buildings for conservation, and also suggests the preparation of area by area
urban renewal plans.

Draft MPD 2021 Provisions for Conservation
The Draft MPD 2021, in its section 10 on Conservation of Built Heritage
mentions 170 (sic) ASI protected monuments, as well as lists of heritage
buildings published by the MCD, NDMC and the State Department of
Archaeology.

The Draft MPD-2021 also identifies 6 Heritage Zones, including the entire
Walled City of Shahjehanabad and three Archaeological Parks. It states that
each local body / land owning agency should formulate Special Development
Plans for the conservation and improvement of listed heritage complexes and
zones.

Necessity for a common heritage Database (Inventory of Heritage Resources)
However, to date, there is still no comprehensive, reliable database, GIS or
Cultural Resource Information System for heritage resources of Delhi, used by
all the agencies concerned with heritage conservation, which distinguishes
between heritage resources which are of global, national, city-level and local
significance and which indicates their exact location and legal boundaries on
maps to a scale appropriate for preparation and implementation of local area
plans, including heritage management and regeneration plans.

7.2 INVENTORY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES OF DELHI

Systematic process of identification
and delineation of heritage
resources

One of the primary requirements for
integration of the heritage resources
into the city development process (as
recognized in the Draft MPD 2021 as
well as by agencies such as the MCD,
ASI & GNCT Delhi Department of
Archaeology ) is a systematic process
of identification and delineation on

7-12

correct and updated maps (Master Plan Level/ Zonal Level / Area Level) of all
heritage resources - components of heritage significance of Delhi ( sites,
structures, monuments, conservation areas, precincts, historic urbanised
villages and water management systems).

Compilation and verification of inventories

This involves the compilation of inventories of heritage resources prepared by
various agencies over the past 20 years, updating of that information,
correlation of authentic statistical data and preparation of maps at appropriate
scales which are adequate for formulation of comprehensive conservation and
heritage management plans for the areas within which these heritage resources
are located.

In the case of monuments, buildings and sites protected by the ASI and the
GNCTD Department of Archaeology, it is further necessary to precisely
demarcate the extent and exact legal boundaries of the designated Protected
Area, as well as the properties within the Prohibited Area and the Regulated
Area surrounding the monuments/ complexes of National or State Importance.

An inventory of the monuments protected by the ASI (151) and the GNCTD
Department of Archaeology (20) is given in Appendix (1) together with a map
indicating their location within Delhi. In addition heritage resources listed by
other organizations and agencies are given, and indicated on the map.

Distribution of Heritage resources in various zones

It is seen from an analysis of the distribution of the 1203 heritage resources
(not including the 26 identified conservation areas) in the inventory compiled
by INTACH (2000) that the historic Walled City of Shahjehanabad in Zone A has
231 identified heritage buildings (reduced from the 411 identified by Zafar
Hasans survey for the ASI in 1913). The DDA Zonal Development Plan for the
Walled City (Part Zone A & Zone C) however has taken into account the
heritage resources as per the earlier survey.

In the case of Zone B, 17 heritage buildings and complexes had been listed by
INTACH in the 2000 Report, in Zone C 143 were listed, in Zone D (including the
NDMC area) 304 historic buildings were listed, in Zone F 465 historic buildings
were listed, while in Zone G 35 historic buildings were listed and in Zone H 8
buildings were listed.

INVENTORY

HERITAGE RESOURCES IN DDA ZONES
TOTAL A B C D
NDMC
F

G H
ASI 151 +4
INTACH-HCC
provisional
INTACHReport
2000

1203
207
231
15
17

103
143
79
304
338
465
29
35
4
8
GNCTD Arch.Dept. 20
1911-1916 Survey 1317 411


7-13

Within the Walled City as well as within historic traditional settlements and
urban villages such as Hazrat Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Khirki, Mehrauli etc.
which have been identified as Conservation Areas, in addition to the identified
heritage resources, there are numerous vernacular residential structures,
traditional havelis and other elements which contribute to the distinctive
urbanscapes of sections of these areas.

Although the number of historic buildings in the rural and recently urbanized
areas to the north and north-west is small, these zones contain extremely
important heritage typologies such as the Shikargah at Jaunti village and the
Minar and HathiKhana at Hastsal (both of the Shahjehani period), which also
present valuable opportunities for linking conservation and provision of
essential community amenities and infrastructure.

DDA Zonal Development Plan of the Walled City of Shahjehanabad
indicating boundaries of 15 Sub-Zones of Zone A and 1 Sub-Zone of Zone C

7-14

7.3 WALLED CITY OF SHAHJEHANABAD & WALLED CITY EXTENSIONS

7.3.1 Development Pattern

Founded in 1639-1648 CE, the site chosen for
Shahjehans planned capital city was an elevated
area overlooking the river Yamuna, near the existing
fort of Salimgarh, and encompassing within it
significant components of the earlier city of
Firozabad. The great enclosure wall, 27 feet high, 12
feet thick and 3.8 miles long, constructed during the
years 1651-1658, encompassed an area of 569 ha.,
with 10 large gates and numerous smaller ones
located at the ends of the principal urban arteries,
and supported a population of 60,000. Bhujla Pahari,
which was located near the centre of the walled city was used as the site for
the Jama Masjid, with an area of lower ground between the Jama Masjid and
the citadel, the Red Fort.

Significant heritage typologies and transformations

There were two main Bazaar thoroughfares the Chandni Chowk from the
Lahori Gate of the Fort to the Fatehpuri Masjid, and the Faiz Bazaar. Over a
period of time, other specialized markets, urban gardens, canals, sarais,
havelis, residential mohallas, kuchas, katras, for different crafts communities,
202 mosques of which 200 were built between 1639 and 1857,(including
Begumi-Amiri and Mohalla mosques), dargahs, khanquahs and other religious
structures were constructed, and the heritage resources of this period still
characterize most areas of the walled city.

Changes were brought by the British in two phases between 1803-1857 when
the palaces of Dara Shikoh and Ali Mardan Khan in the Kasmere Gate Area were
used for the Residency, military barracks and the magazine, and after 1857
when the railway was introduced into the city, clearing a wide area through the
northern part of the city from east to west, and replacing the sarai of Jehanara
Begum on Chandni Chowk by the Town Hall.

During the late 19
th
and early 20
th
centuries extensive construction and
densification of the city took place, with disintegration of the traditional social
ecology, increasing commercialization and associated congestion and
degradation of the environment.

7.3.2 Existing Situation

According to the DDA Zonal plan, the
population of the Walled City
increased to saturation point in 1961,
after which there has been large
scale infill by commercial uses
replacing residential uses and the
total work force working in different
sectors is estimated to be 4.0 lakhs.
The Walled City comprises of 16 sub-

7-15

zones, 15 of which are part of Zone A and one sub-zone is part of Zone-C. The
area of the sub-zones varies from 14.4 ha. to 76.6 ha (Refer Table below). The
population of the walled city is gradually reducing, with a reduction of about
50,000 persons in the decade between 1981-91. This reduction in population
has been attributed to a decrease in residential area, with some of the sub-
zones having as low as 12% of the area under residential use.

Heritage Resources Traditional housing and Conservation Areas

About 80% of the total housing stock is traditional housing (katras, kuchas),
with some densely populated areas with net densities of about 4400 PPH.
Commercial establishments have increased by 700% in two decades, with some
noxious industries and hazardous trades existing within the densely built-up
area. Different areas of the walled city have a dense concentration of various
types of heritage resources, traditional housing and urbanscapes associated
with important roads and mohallas where the traditional character still exists.
These were identified in the ASI Survey of 1911-16 (411 historical monuments/
sites/ buildings)and later by INTACH.2000 (231 historical monuments/ sites/
buildings).

The Zonal Development Plan (1999) has identified 15 junctions, chowks, nodal
areas and 17 streets, galis, bazaars and chattas which retain their traditional
character as Control Zones, as well as 5 other control zones as Conservation
Areas.

Sub
Zone
Area
(ha.)
Locality Heritage Resources Population
1991
Census
Population
MPD-2001
Projected
A-13 27.1 Kucha Pati Ram 22 listed buildings +
traditional buildings
38873 23100
A-14 23.9 Chitli Qabar 14 listed buildings +
38133 16040
A-15 37.9 Matia Mahal &
Pataudi House
14 listed buildings +
43271 20670
A-16 27.8 Churi Walan, Sita
Ram Bazaar
41730 23400
A-17 28.3 Farrash Khana,
Lal Kuan
38323 20160
A-18 14.4 Naya Bans,
Fatehpuri
18740 9400
A-19 23.6 Tilak Bazaar,
Baradari, Peeli
Kothi
12615 8800
A-20 52.5 Daryaganj, Ansari
Road
10091 44500
A-21 22.1 Jama Masjid,
Netaji Subash
Park
4 protected/ listed
buildings and
spaces+ traditional
buildings
- -
A-22 35.4 Ballimaran,
Charkhey Walan
41468 18390
A-23 35.9 Maliwara, Kinari
Bazaar
27 significant listed
buildings and spaces
+ traditional
buildings
31498 5700
A-24 33.6 Katra Neel, Town 33 significant listed 8806 7800

7-16

Sub
Zone
Area
(ha.)
Locality Heritage Resources Population
1991
Census
Population
MPD-2001
Projected
Hall, Gandhi
Ground
buildings and spaces
+ traditional bldgs.
A-25 21.1 Lajpat Rai
Market,
Bhagirath Place
4383 5200
A-26 76.7 Red Fort,
SalimGarh Fort
ASI protected site of
potential WH
significance
4726 -
A-28 46.4 Railway Station,
Railway Yard
Railway station and
hotels to the south
798 -
C-1 62.3 Ram Bazaar,
Kashmere Gate,
GPO
23 listed/protected
buildings +
21704 32000
3,50,159 2,35,160

DDA Zonal Development Plan for Walled City of Shahjehanabad indicating
location of monuments identified by ASI 1911-16 Survey

7-17

7.3.3 Priorities for Heritage Management in Shahjehanabad Walled City

Necessity for formulation of heritage management plans for heritage zones

The necessity for conservation and heritage management within the Walled
City area of Shahjehanabad has been recognized in the Zonal Development
Plan to some extent (control zones for Conservation areas, streets and
chowks/nodal points were identified), as well as in the draft MPD 2021
which designates the entire Walled City as one of the Conservation Areas of
Delhi. However, the present boundaries of the planning sub-zones within
the Zones A & C do not follow the traditional boundaries of the mohallas,
bazaars and neighbourhoods, leading to situations where streets such as the
Chandni Chowk fall into two zones. Rationalisation of the boundaries based
on the heritage typologies, concentration of heritage resources, coherence
of the area and issues related to land uses and community needs in the
various areas is required in order to formulate the special development
plans for designated heritage zones.

Detailed identification of the components of the traditional housing stock
and individual historic havelis, katras, kuchas and mohallas, and
demarcation on area level maps, together with an indication of their value
as a heritage resource is required.

A framework for integrated heritage management of the Red Fort and the
Walled city of Shahjehanabad as a whole, which is linked with community
development, regeneration, crafts development and potential cultural
tourism activities is required.

Strategies linking infrastructure upgradation, appropriate adaptive reuse,
provision of essential community facilities and economic regeneration Area
Level

Infrastructure inadequacies have been identified to some extent in the
Zonal Development Plan, but upgradation and infrastructure retro-fitting
requirements which take into account the value of the heritage resources at
the area level need to be identified. Water supply and sewerage
connections should be compulsory, and lines will require augumentation.
Social infrastructure requirements could be partially met by appropriate
adaptive reuse and conservation of heritage properties.

Although about 3,500 evacuee properties/ Katras (under the Custodian of
Evacuee Property) have been mentioned as being controlled by the Slum
Department in the Zonal Development Plan, it is observed that some of
these properties of heritage value such as the Haveli Ahsanullah Khan at
Hauz Qazi have been retrieved by their owners. The Zonal Development
Plan suggests that in the action plans, redevelopment in the conservation
manner i.e. property by property be undertaken. Three categories of these
properties have been identified , including Government Owned dangerous
Katras/ evacuee properties, Government Owned other than dangerous
Katras/ evacuee properties, Privately Owned Katras/ evacuee properties,
for which different mechanisms are suggested. It is necessary to ensure that
the heritage value of these properties is taken into account when deciding
upon conservation priorities and appropriate courses of action for
rehabilitation.

7-18

Recent heritage management initiatives for landmark bank buildings

Identification of mechanisms to ensure linkages between appropriate
adaptive reuse and reutilization of selected heritage buildings for provision
of community infrastructure, facilities and amenities for cultural tourism.
7

7.4 HISTORIC URBAN VILLAGES

7.4.1 Development Pattern

Urban Villages are traditional rural settlements which have been changed
and merged with urban areas or villages which have been incorporated over
time into the urban limits of the present city of Delhi. They are a basic feature
of the present complex urban structure and include within their limits a large
proportion of the heritage resources associated with the many earlier cities of
Delhi, encompassing both vernacular residential and community structures, as
well as religious buildings and historic monuments. Even among themselves,
they display varied characteristics depending on their location, inhabitants,
their historical role and relationship to the city.

The cultural, educational and economic significance of these villages is due to
the fact that many of these villages include historical elements dating back at
least 900 years, some are outstanding examples of the traditional village
pattern, while others retain the spirit of a past way of life which has
disappeared from other parts of the city. In addition, they are areas of
immense use value as they served as reception areas for low income migrants
and augmented the housing stock of the city.

Heritage Resources Conservation Zones

The number of urban villages is currently 135, having increased from 47 in
1951. Out of these, urban villages such as Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Khirki,
Sarai Shahji, Begumpur, Kalu Sarai, Kalkaji, Shaikh Sarai, Ardhchini,
Saidulajaib, Mehrauli, Hauz Khas, Shahpur Jat, Tughlaquabad have a major
concentration of heritage resources. Within these settlements, at the time of
incorporation within the urban limits, the land earmarked for village
settlements including land for houses and common needs of the villagers,
encompassing the Abadi area was shown in red ink and known as the Lal
Dora. This area, in the past, has been exempt from municipal byelaws and
restrictions, leading to very high densities, incompatible land uses and the
location of noxious and hazardous industries within the settlement. Most of
these urban villages which have a concentration of heritage resources are
included within the Conservation Zones identified by INTACH and are also on
certain heritage tourism itineraries.

7.4.2 Development Requirements Issues, potential and threats

7
For example, Educational institutions such as Senior Secondary schools are sufficient in number but deficient in
space and historic derelict buildings could be used to provide facilities; area is deficient in health facilities, many
of the existing historic buildings which already accommodate traditional dispensaries these could be upgraded, in
addition to proposed densification of the Engineering College area Railway land due to shifting of the goods yards.


7-19

Historic urban villages, with their distinctive settlement pattern, range of
traditional residential typologies and havelis and heritage resources such as the
vibrant religious and cultural complexes of the sufi Dargahs of Delhi in
Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Mehrauli, Ardhchini etc. and a range of protected
monuments, sites and remains of National Importance are threatened today by
increasing over-densification, uncontrolled and inappropriate construction
primarily to cater to the demand for low-income rental housing for migrants,
encroachments and inappropriate uses. Construction of this type, detrimental
to the environment of these historic urban villages due to increased
infrastructural stresses, incompatible in both use and scale, encroaches upon
and overpowers, almost engulfing the significant heritage resources and way of
life of the traditional settlement with its great potential for heritage tourism.

7.4.3 Strategies for economic regeneration, participatory conservation and
environmental improvement

Locally based, site specific, participatory integrated conservation and
management programmes for these heritage areas, with a major infrastructure
upgradation and historic building rehabilitation component, are required.
Possibilities for economic regeneration through comprehensive conservation of
heritage resources, supporting and stimulating cottage industries and
handicrafts need to be looked into, and programmes based on the linkages
between poverty alleviation and holistic environmental improvement and
conservation and rehabilitation efforts developed.

These detailed community based programmes need to be formulated with the
objective of regeneration and conservation of these historic urban villages,
focusing and building upon the contribution of these villages to the distinctive
identity of the part of the city in which they are located, and should suggest
specific strategies to utilise their potential as part of thematic heritage tourism
circuits, and to ensure that revenue generated through heritage tourism is
utilised for the environmental upgradation of the historic urban village and the
benefit of the community.

7.5 HISTORIC RURAL VILLAGES

A number of historic villages, located in
the rural areas, which still retain their
traditional agriculture based functions
and settlement patterns contain a
number of significant heritage
resources in the form of Shikargahs or
extensive Tughlaq and Mughal Period
Hunting Palace complexes , water
reservoirs etc. The conservation,
provision of essential infrastructure and
adaptive reuse of areas associated with
these heritage complexes, such as the
Shikargah in Jaunti village could be of great potential for heritage tourism,
provision of community facilities as well as generation and diversification of
employment opportunities for the local community through conservation.


7-20

7.6 HISTORIC & TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Components of the historic & traditional water management systems of the city
such as the bunds, sluices, reservoirs, baolis, tanks, village have been
identified as still having the potential to supplement the citys water resources
through water harvesting as well as playing a significant role in groundwater
recharge in the part of the city in which they are located. These heritage
resources, such as the Ugrasens Baoli in Connaught Place, the Baoli in
Nizamuddin, the Jharna and Hauz Shamsi in Mehrauli, the HauzKhas tank
associated with the FirozShah Tughlaqs tomb etc., are vital community,
functional, recreational and educational resources. Some of the larger
reservoirs, such as the waterbody associated with the Shikargah or Hunting
Palace at Jaunti; the Bund and the Baoli associated with Talkatora Garden; etc.
are of ecological value and some have considerable potential for heritage
tourism as part of a Rural Tourism circuit. Most of these water bodies and
components of the historic water management systems of Delhi are required to
be conserved under a ruling of the High Court.

7.7 LEGAL FRAMEWORK - EXISTING LEGISLATION, DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT POLICIES

7.7.1 Centrally protected and State protected monuments, structures and sites:

1. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 and the
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959
amended 1997 to provide for Prohibited and Regulated Areas around
monuments of National Importance.

2. Delhi Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 2004

7.7.2 Other provisions for conservation and heritage management

1. Other related legislation, regulations, bye-laws and policies - Building
byelaws 1993, amended vide clause 23 Chapter on Conservation of
Heritage Sites including Heritage Buildings, Heritage Precincts and Natural
Feature Areas.

2. Delhi Urban Arts Commission Act

3. Waqf Act of 1995

4. Draft Master Plan for Delhi provisions for conservation of the built heritage,
including Conservation Areas and Archaeological Parks

5. Area specific proposals for conservation guidelines by CPWD, NDMC and MCD

7.8 EMERGING TECHNICAL & MANAGEMENT ISSUES

(i) Technical

1. Loss of heritage resources and need for a Cultural Resource Information
System to ensure coordinated conservation efforts.


7-21

The magnitude of the recent losses of the heritage resources of the city (12 of
the 163 ASI protected monuments, buildings and remains of National
Importance, and almost one third of the heritage buildings and structures of
regional and state significance listed in the 1911-16 ASI survey have been
demolished or lost - out of the 151+4 monuments currently protected by the
ASI
8
, 14 are under encroachment and proceedings are on in the High Court to
ensure that they are cleared) due to urbanisation and development pressures,
requires the preparation of a comprehensive database and identification and
demarcation of the location, extent, legal boundaries of heritage resources as
well as the Prohibited and Regulated areas on maps in a comprehensive manner
( Cultural Resource Information System) to be utilised by all the agencies
concerned with development ;

Among the conservation related objectives identified by the the Draft MPD 2021
for which close coordination and cooperation is required from agencies such as
the ASI, GNCTD State Department of Archaeology, NDMC, MCD, Cantonment
Board and DDA, two essential ones are related to:

Maintaining and updating a heritage database, defining all applicable terms
and

Listing of Heritage Buildings based on appropriate criteria.

2. Strategies for utilisation of Heritage Tourism potential of cultural
resources

Planning for heritage tourism linked to the citys vast range of heritage
resources for environmental and community benefits should be developed
within an appropriate conservation and heritage management framework, with
provision of adequate safeguards and according to the International Charters
for Cultural Tourism;

Identification of thematic cultural tourism circuits within Delhi which could
include Rural tourism, Pilgrim circuits as well as programmes for Heritage
festivals linked with the heritage resources of the city and its traditional
festivals and celebrations, and the identification and designation of a category
of Heritage hotels associated with certain typologies of heritage resources in
Delhi.
This could be linked with the Draft MPD2021 objective of implementing
programmes for education and awareness

3. Strategies for Adaptive re-use, upgradation, and provision of
infrastructure in Heritage Conservation Areas and Historic Urban Villages
should be developed within the heritage management framework;

4. Preparation of Heritage management Plans & Detailed Conservation Plans
should be urgently undertaken for the identified heritage resources by qualified
conservation professionals. This is linked with the Draft MPD 2021 objective of
developing organizational capacity for heritage management.

8 The total number of monuments was 175, later reduced to 163. Out of these, a number of monuments have been
delisted and others recently notified.8.of National Importance in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, under the
administrative control of the Delhi Circle of the Archeological Survey of India, as entered in the original list

7-22

5. Conservation guidelines and Special Development regulations should be
formulated for areas associated with protected monuments, sites and buildings
as well as for other areas with a concentration of heritage resources;

All development plans for areas in close proximity to World Heritage Sites, even
if they are beyond the official 100m Prohibited Area + 200m Regulated Area
require a process of impact assessment on the heritage. This should be
mandatory, so that long term and cumulative impacts are mitigated, valuable
heritage resources are not lost but utlised for the benefit of the community and
for improvement of the environment and quality of life in heritage areas, and
visual corridors are also retained and not obstructed.

This is linked with the Draft MPD 2021 objective for preparation of guidelines
for development, redevelopment, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations
and reuse of heritage buildings

6. Integration of certain heritage resources of Delhi with the proposed
Greenways project to strengthen traditional linkages between the cultural and
natural resources of Delhi.

(ii) Managerial

1. Multiplicity of organizations and lack of effective, coordinated action.

2. Issues related to derelict/ encroached/ evacuee properties

3. Effective implementation of Heritage management Plans & Conservation
Plans

The DUEIIP, 2001 had stated that the primary cultural heritage assets would be
the responsibility of the ASI and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, and
that GNCTD Department of Archaeology had been identified in association with
the DDA, MCD and NGOs as the executive agency for the formulation of an
action plan to demonstrate the utilization of cultural heritage conservation as a
catalyst for comprehensive community environmental upgrading and
regeneration.

The primary objectives of this were envisaged as a process of community self
regeneration through cultural heritage area conservation and rehabilitation.
The project was intended to expand and accelerate conservation efforts, build
and consolidate private-public partnerships (including the tourism industry),
and use the rehabilitation process to alleviate poverty and mitigate negative
environmental impacts.

(iii) Financial

Currently, funds earmarked for conservation of heritage resources are woefully
inadequate, and mechanisms are required whereby a small percentage of
property tax, as well revenues generated from tourism could be utilized for
restoration, comprehensive conservation and heritage management initiatives.

Mobilisation of adequate resources for effective conservation and heritage
management requires to be linked with processes of economic regeneration.

7-23

(Possible models could include the Main Street programmes which were
effective for revitalisation for small towns in the US)

Incentives for conservation could be given in the following manner:

o Financial by direct grant to the owner of the heritage resource from
the Central/State government/Heritage Organisations

o Providing the building owner access to credit, and Tax relief or
concessions to the building owner

o Cross- subsidies and provisions for Cessed buildings

o Incentives and mechanisms such as TDR for heritage buildings.

o Direct action by the authorities through upgrading of infrastructure and
through the acquisition, restoration and maintenance of buildings for
provision of essential community facilities

Encouragement from the public authority through setting up of Building Centres
for assisting locals in conservation and appropriate rehabilitation activities as
well as formulation of community based heritage management plans in a
participatory manner.

Delhi Government has proposed certain initiatives to encourage Public-Private
Partnerships in the heritage conservation and management sector. There are
proposals to involve Business organisations, N.G.Os, Residential Welfare
Associations, Public Sector Undertakings and Government departments to
maintain monuments under specific guidelines under the supervision of the


7-24

M A P - 1
Appendix

A-1

APPENDIX-1

MONUMENTS, SITES & BUILDINGS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE PROTECTED BY
THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA

DELISTED WORLD HERITAGE SITES ENCROACHED

Old/ New No. Name of Monument Location
1/ 43 Bastion, where a wall of Jahan panah meets the
wall of Rai Pithora fort.
Adchini
2/ 2/ 44 Ramp and gateway of Rai Pithora's Fort Adchini
3/ 45 Marble Tomb reputed to be that of Newab
BahadurJawid Khan
Aliganj
4/ 12 Lal Bangla Babarpur (Kaka Nagar)
5/ 10 Khair-ul-Manzil Babarpur Bazipur
(Kakanagar)
6/ 11 Kos Minar or Mughal Mile stone Babarpur Bazipur (Kaka
Nagar)
7/ 00 The Moti Gate of Shershah, Delhi Babarpur Bazipur (Kaka
Nagar)
8/ 47 Begampuri Masjid Begampur
9/ 00 Phool Chadar aquduct near Najafgarh Jhil aquduct Chaukri Mubarakabad
10/ 48 Lal Gumbad Chirag Delhi
11/49 Tomb of Bahlol Lodi -do-
12/01 Ajmeri Gate Bazar Ajmeri Gate
13/ 13/00 Alipur Cemetery Delhi-Alipur Camping
group.
14/ 02 Ashoka'a pillar Ferozabad(Ferozshah
Kila or Vikram Nagar
Colony)
15/ 00 Bara Khamba Cemetry Imperial City
16/ 19 Chauburji Ridge near Hindura
Hospital
17/ 20 Eremo Cementry Kishanaganj Railway
Stn.
18/ 03 Delhi fort or Lal Qila, Naubat Khana, Diwan-i-am,
Mumtaz Mahal' Rang Mahal, Baithak,Maseu Burj,
diwan-i-Khas' Moti Masjid, sawan Bhadon ,Shah
Burj, Hammam with all surrounding including the
gardens, paths, terraces and water courses.
Red fort
19/ 04 Delhi Gate Daryaganj
20/ 21 Enclosure containing the grave of Lt. Edwards and
others, murdered in 1857.
North Ridge near flag
Staff tower, Civil
Lines.
21/ 50 Enclosure wall with Tomb of Najaf Khan

Safdarjang Fly over
22/ 22 Flag Staff Tower 400 yards North of
Cheuburji Mosque
23/ 13 Jantar Mantar Connaught place
Appendix

A-2

24/ 37 Kashmeri Gate and portion of the City Wall on
either side of the Kashmeri Gate on the side and
on the other upto
andiincluding the water Bastions at the Northern
corner of the wall and also including the dith
outside the City wall where this is exposed.
Kashmeri Gate
25/ 05 Kotla Ferozabad with the remaining walls,
bastions and gateways and gardens, the old
Mosque, and well and all other ruins buildings it
contains.
Two furlangs east of
jail and three furlangs
due south of S.E.
Corner of
Shahjahanabad, Delhi.
26/ 06 Lal Darwaza, the northern gate of the outer walls
of the Delhi of Shershah.
Three furlang due
south of Delhi Gate,
27/ 23 Lothian Road Cemetery Kashmeri Gate
28/ 24 The Mosque Qudsia Garden
29/ 25 Mutiny telegraph Memorial In front of Old
Telegraph Building,
Kashmeri Gate,
30/ 26 Nicholson (Or Kashmeri Gate) Cemetery Kashmeri Gate
31/ 00 Nicholson statue and its platform and the
surrounding gardens paths and enclosure wall.
Outside Kashmeri Gate
32/ 27 Old Baoli immediately to the west of Hindu Rao's
House.
On the ridge, Delhi
33/ 28 The Old Entrance Gateway of the Garden. Qudsia Delhi
34/ 29 The Pirghaib to the north and near Hindu Rao's
House
On the ridge , Delhi
35/ 30 Portion of City wall near which Brij Jahn
Nicholson was mortally Wounded on 14th Sept. ,
1857.

On the ridge , Delhi
36/ 31 The Punjabi gate in the Roshanara bagh Opposite Municipal
Board school, Subji
Mandi
37/ 51 Purana Quila (Inderpat) or Delhi With all its walls
Arcades, gateways and Bastions, gardens, the
Mosque of Sher Shah (Kila Kohna Masjid). The Sher
Mandala and entrances to Subteranean passages.
Two miles south of the
Delhi Gate of
Shahjahanabad, Delhi
38/ 32 Rajpur (Mutiny cemetery) Old Rajpur
Cantonment, North
Distt.
39/ 33 The remaining gateways of the old Magazira with
their adjoining buildings.

The post office , Delhi
40/ 14 Sher Shah's gate with the adjoinining curon walls
and Bastions and the remains of the double line of
structure to its front
Opposite Purana Qila
immediately North-
east of the Khairul
Manazil Mosque
41/ 34 Site of Siege battery Known as the Sammy House
Battery bearing the following Inscriptions Battery
, Sammy house, Major Remington Tank, RA
Commanding armament 89 pounds. To command
ground near Mori Bastion.
300 Yards East of
mutiny memorial
41/ 34, 42/ 34 Site of siege Battery with inscription. East of the Hospital in
Appendix

A-3

police Line
43/ 34 Site of siege Battery with inscription Compound of House
No. 7 Court Road
44/ 34 Site of siege Battery with inscription. Compound of Curzon
House

45/ 34 Site of siege Battery with inscription. In the garden near
south west entrance to
Delhi Club Ground
46/ 07 Sunehri Masjid near Delhi Fort Delhi Fort
47/ 00 Tomb of Capt. Mac. Barnatt & others who fall in
an attack on Kishanganj.
Kishan Ganj
48/ 08 Tomb of Ghaziuddin Khan, Tughlaqabad
49/ 35 Tomb of Roshanara & Baradari Sabzi Mandi
50/ 09 Tomb of Razia Begum in Mohalla Bulbuli Khana Shahjahanabad
51/ 15 Tomb of Safdarjang (Mirza Muqim Mansur Ali
Khan) with all the enclosure walls, gateways,
gardens and the mosque on the eastern side of
the garden.
Lodhi Road, New Delhi
52/ 36 Tripolia Gateways Delhi-Karnal Road
53/ 16 Uggar Sain's Baoli Near Jantar Mantar
54/ 52 Tomb of Darya Khan Kidwai Nagar East
55/ 53 Baoli at Ghiaspur Nizamuddin
56/ 54 Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Chota Batasha No. 153,
Ghiaspur
Nizamuddin
57/ 55 Tomb of Amir Khusro, Ghiaspur Nizamuddin
58/ 56 Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Bara Batasha No. 151
Ghiaspur
Nizamuddin
59/ 57 Tomb of Nizamuddin Aulia, Ghiaspur No. 197

Nizamuddin
60/ 58 Unknown tomb Ghiaspur 153, Nizamuddin

61/ 59 i. The tomb of Ferozshah ii. Domed Building to
the west of No.1 iii. Dalan between 1&2 iv.
Domed Building & its court to the south of No. 3,
v. Dalans and all ruined Buildings to the north of
no. 1 and existing upto No.10 vi. Five Chhatris to
the case of No. 1& No.5 vii. Old Gate to the north
of No.6 viii. Three Chhatris to the north-west of
No.7
ix. Ruined courtyard and its Dalans with the
Domed building to the north-west to the No.8
x. Old wall running east from No.4 xi. 2.23 Acres
of land surrounding the above monuments and
bouded on the North by house of Chhange and
Mehra Chand sons of Hansram and house of
Uderam, son of Kusha South Ghairmunkan Resta
East By village site belonging to village
community house of Nots Zadar sons of Jai Singh
Chhamar and field Nos. 338 & 331 belonging to
Naider and others West By field no. 185 belonging
to Udaram, son of Kusal Jat and field No. 186
belonging to Jagins and Sajawal Rajput, No. 195
Ghairmunkin Johar, common of Jats and
Musalmans and filed no. 196, Ghairmunkin Pall.

Hauz Khas
Appendix

A-4

62/ 60 Bag-i-Alam Gumbad with a Mosque Humayunpur
63/ 61 Kali Gumti Humayunpur (Hauz
Khas)
64/ 62 Tofewala Gumbad Humayunpur Deer Park
(Hauz Khas)

65/ 63 Arab Sarai Patti, Ghiapur in Hauz
Inderpat
66/ 114 The Gate way of Arab Sarai facing North towards
Purana Qila
Near Arab Sarai Village
67/ 113 The Gate way of Arab Sarai facing East towards
the tomb of Humayun
68/ 115 Remainig Gateways of Arab Sarai and of Abadi-
Bagh-Buhalima

69/ 64 Lakhar wal Gumbad (Tomb) Inderpat Estate
(Sunder Nursery), Near
Delhi Public School,
Mathura Road,
Nizamuddin
70/ 65 Sunderwala Burj Inderpat Estate
(Sunder Nursery)

71/ 66 Sunderwala Mahal Inderpat Estate
(Sunder Nursery)
72/ 67 Bijay Mandal, neighbouring domes, buildings and
dalan to north of Begumpur
In village Kalusarai
(Sarvapriya Vihar)
73/ 68 Old Lodi Bridge with approaches Near tomb of Sikander
Lodi, Khairpur
74/ 69 Mosque with the dalans and courtyard and the
Bara Gumbaj (the domed entracne to the mosque)
Khairpur
75/ 70 The tomb of Mohammed Shah known as Mubarak
Khan- Ka-Gumbaz
Khairpur
76/ 71 Tomb of Sikander Lodi with its enclosure wall and
bastions, gates & compound
Khairpur
77/ 72 Unknown tomb with blue tiles decoration known
as Shisha Gumbad
Khairpur
78/ 73 Bandi or Poti ka Gumbad III-280 Kharera village
between Hauz Khas
and Qutab road
79/ 75 Biran-Ka-Gumbad-282 Kharera village
between Hauz Khas
and Qutab road
80/ 76 Biwi or Dadi-ka-Gumbad-281 Kharera village
between Hauz Khas
and Qutab road
81/ 77 Chor Minar No. 289 Vol III Kharehra (Hauz Khas
Enclave)
82/ 78 Choti Gumti Kharehra village Green
Park
83/ 79 Idgah of Kharehra No. 287, Vol III Kharehra village
Hauz Khas Enclave
84/ 80 Nili Mosque Kharehra village
Hauz Khas Enclave
85/ 81 Sakri Gumti-284 Kharehra village Green
Park
86/ 82 Khirkee Masjid Village Khirkee
Appendix

A-5

87/ 83 Satpula-III 216 Village Khirkee

88/ 84 Tomb of Yusuf-Quttal At Khirkee in field
no.81 min, Property of
Shamlat deh.
89/ 96 Jahaz Mahal Mehrauli
90/ 94 Shamsid Tallab together with platform entrance
gates.
Mehrauli
91/ 97 Moti Masjid Mehrauli
92/ 98 Old Palace of Bahadur Shah II alias Lal Mahal in
Mehrauli
Mehrauli

93/ 74 Bara Khamba-285 Kherera village tombs
between Hauz Khas,
Qutab raod

94/ 99 The Qutab Archaeological area as now fenced in,
including the Mosque, Iron Pillar, Minar of Qutab-
din, unfinished Minar, all colonnads, screen
arches, tomb of Altmash, college, buildings of
Aluddin, Tomb of Imam Zamin and all carved
stoens in the above area with gardens, paths and
water channels, and all gateways including the
Alai-Darwaza , also all graves in the above area
Mehrauli
95/ 101 Tomb of Adam Khan (Rest House) Mehrauli
96/ 100 Tomb and Mosque of Maulana Jamali Kamali Mehrauli
97/ 102 Wall mosque Mehrauli
98/ 104 Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort from Sohan
Gate to Adam Khan's tomb including the ditch
where there is an outer wall
Mehrauli Kh. No. 1783,
1765, 1766, 1767,
1770, 1772, 1773, 1798
& 1764
99/ 103 Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort at the point
where they meet together
Near Jamali Kamali's
Mosque Mehrauli Kh.
No. 1754, Loddho Sarai
Kh.No. 86,87
100/ 105 Wall of Rai Pithora's fort including gateways and
bastions
Mehrauli
101/ 107 Gates and walls of Mubarakpur, Kotla in village
Mubarakpur
village Mubarakpur,
Kotla
102/ 106 Moth-ki-Masjid Behind south
externsion Part II.
103/ 00 Inchla Wali Gunti village Mubarakpur,
Kotla
104/ 108 Kala Gumbad village Mubarakpur,
Kotla
105/ 112 Tombs of Bade-Khan, and Mubarakpur Kotla, Kotla village Mubarakpur,
Kotla
106/112 Tombs of Chote Khan, Mubarakpur Kotla
107/ 111 Tomb of Mubarik in Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur,
Kotla
108/ 109 Mosque attached to Mubarak shah Tomb village Mubarakpur,
Kotla
109/ 110 Tomb of Bhura Khan village Mubarakpur,
Kotla
110/ 141 Tin Burji Walla Gumbad Mohammed pur village
II, 304
Appendix

A-6

111/ 142 Unnamed tomb Mohammed pur village
, 305
112/ 143 Baoli Munika II. 318.
113/ 144 Munda Gumbad Munika 302.
114/ 145 Unnamed Mosque Munika 314.
115/ 146 Unnamed Tomb Munika 313.
119/ 00 i. Unnamed Mosque
ii. Unnamed Tomb
Munika 321&
Munika 322
120/ 150 Wajir pur- ki-Gumbad Munika 312.
121/ 116 The Afsah-walla-ki-Masjid situated outside the
west gate of Humayun's tomb with its dalans and
paved court bounded on the east by Humayun's
tomb on the west by Abadi Arab Sarai on the
north by road and Khasra No. 252 and on the
south by Abadi Arab Sarai
Nizammudin
122/ 117 Bara Khamba outside north entrance to shrine Nizammudin
123/ 118 Bara Pulah bridge near Nizammudin South of Nizammudin

124/ 119 Chausath Khamba and tomb of Mirza Nizammudin
Aziz-ka-Kokaltash
Nizammudin
125/ 120 Grave of Jahanara Begum Nizammudin
126/122 Grave of Mohammed Shah Nizammudin
127/ 121 Grave of Mirza Jahangir Nizammudin
128/ 123 Humayun's tomb, its platforms, garden, enclosure
walls and gateways Khasra No. 258 bounded on
the east by Khasra No.180&181&244 of Miri Singh
and on west by Kh. No. 268&253 on the north by
Khasra No. 266, on the south by Kh No. 245 of Miri
Singh & Kh. No. 248 & 249 of Sayyed Mohummad
Nizammudin
129/ 124 Nila Gumbad outside the south corner of the
enclosure of Humayun's tomb (Kh. No. 243)
bounded on the east by Kh. No. 182, on the west
by Humayun's tomb, on the north by Kh. No. 181
& on the south by Kh. No. 244 of Miri Singh
Nizammudin
130/ 125 Nili Chhatri or Subz Burz . Nizammudin East
131/ 126 Tomb of Afsar-wala immediately near to the south
of Afsar-wala-ki-Masjid
Nizammudin
132/ 127 Tomb of Atgah Khan Nizammudin

133/ 128 The tomb of Isa Khan with its surrounding
enclosure walls and turrest garden gateways and
mosque (Kh. No. 281 ) bounded on the east by
Arab Sarai Kh. No.236 on the west by Kh. No. 283
graveyard of Piare Lal and K.No. 283 of Bddon on
the north by Kh. No. 236 of Pandit Brij Vallabh
and on the south by Arab Sarai Kh. No. 238.
Nizammudin
134/ 129 Tomb of Khan-i-Khanan Nizammudin
135/ 00 Tomb with three domes near Rly.Station Nizammudin
136/ 17 Sikargah Kushak-II -327 Old Kushak Village
137/ 38 Gateways of Badli-Ki-Sarai Village Pipalthala
138/ 131 Tomb of Sheikh Kaburuddin also known as Malviyanagar
Appendix

A-7

Rakabwala Gumbad in field no.84 min. situated at
sarai Shah 31 property of Thoks Shahpur and
Adhehini
139/ 133 Ruined line of walls, bastions & gateways of siri
Kh. No. 88, 265 &447 at village Shahpur Jat
Shahpur Jat
140/ 132 Internal buildings of Siri
Mehammadi wali-Kh. No. 14 Shahpur Jat
Bul-Bul-Ki-Kh. No. 256 Shahpur Jat
Makhdum ki Kh. No. 255 Shahpur Jat
Baradari Shahpur Jat
Motiyan wala dome Shahpur Jat
Thana wala Shahpur Jat
Shahpur Jat
141/ 134 Nai-ka-kot. Tughlaqabad. Kotla
142/ 135 Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaqabad. walls and
bastions, gates and cause way including the tomb
of Dad Khan

Tughlaqabad.
143/ 136 Tomb of Mohammed Tughlaqabadshah Badarpur Zail

144/ 139 Walls of old city of Tughlaqabad. Badarpur Zail
145/ 138 Walls, gateways bastions and internal buildings of
both inner and outer citadels of Tughlaqabad fort
Tughlaqabad.
146/ 137 Walls, gate and bastions of Adilabad
(Mohammadbad) and causeway leading there to
from Tughlaqabad.
Tughlaqabad.
147/ 42 The Tomb Wazirabad
148/ 41 The mosque Wazirabad
149/ 40 Neighbouring Bridge Wazirabad
150 Mound known as Jaga Bai comprise in part of
surve plot no. 167
Jamia nagar
151/ 46 Ashoka rock Edict East of Kailash colony
152/ 85 Madhi Mosque Ladho Sarai
153/ 86 Rajon-ki-Bain with Mosque and Chhatri Ladho Sarai
154/ 87 Badun Gate Ladho Sarai
155/ 88 Gateway of Lal kot Ladho Sarai
156/ 89 Gateway of Rai Pithoria's fort Ladho Sarai
157/ 91 Walls of Rai Pithora's fort and Jahan Panah at the
point where they meet together
Hauz Rani abd Lado
Sarai
158/ 140 Tomb of Sultan Ghari Nalikpur Kohi
159/ 92 Baoli known as diving wall locally known as
(Candak-ki-baoli)
Mehrauli
160/ 93 Enlosure containing the tomb of Shah Alam
Bahadur Shah, Shah Alam to and Akbar Shah II
Mehrauli
161/ 94 Houz Shamsi with central red stone pavilion
situated at Mehrauli in field No. 157-81, 1586-97,
1614 &1624
Mehrauli
162/ 95 Iron Pillar Hindu Mehrauli
163/ 151 Ancient Mosque Palam

164/ 39 Sheesh Mahal Shalimar Garden
Village Hyderpur
165/ 18 Ashokan Pillar On the Ridge between
Hindu Rao Hospital

166/ 130 Sarai Shahji Malaviya Nagar
167/ 90, 167/
90
Azim Khan Tomb Lado Sarai
Appendix

A-8

168/ 154 Mazar of Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim Zauq ChindBagh, Kadam
Sherif, Paharganj,
Delhi
169/ 03S Fortificaiton Wall Asad Burj, Water gate, Delhi
Gate, Lahori Gate, Jahangiri Gate, Chhattra
Bazar, Baoli
Red Fort, Delhi
170/ 152 Fortification walls, Gates, Bastions and Ancient
Buildings of Salimgarh Fort
Bela Road
171/ 153 Portion of the City Wall of Shahajanabad Ansari Road
172/ --- Sat Narain Bhawan Delhi Sadhora Khurd,
Dina Nath Marg,
Roshanara Road, New
Delhi.
173/ 100 Balban Khan's Tomb & Jamli Kamali Lado Sarai, Mehrauli,
Delhi
174/--- Unknown Tomb in the vicinitty of Jawahar Lal
Nehru Stadium
Pragati Vihar, New
Delhi
175/ --- Mazar of Mirza Ghalib Nizamuddin

LIST OF ADDITIONAL MONUMENTS CONSIDERED FOR PROTECTION BY THE GNCTD
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY

No. Name of Monument Location
1 Mutiny Memorial Northern Ridge
2 Maqbara Paik GTK Depot
3 Dara Shikoh Library Kashmere Gate
4 Turkman Gate
5 Baradari Sadhana Enclave
6 Tomb Near Lodhi Rd Flyover
7. Zail Bawana
8 Lodhi period Tomb Katwaria Sarai
9. Monuments Delhi Golf Club, DDA Golf
Club
10 Haveli of Mirza Ghalib Gali Qasim Jan, Ballimaran

The following areas have been identified as CONSERVATION AREAS and ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS
by the INTACH 2000 List:

1. Delhi University and Northern Ridge

2. Walled City of Shahjehanabad
Heritage Conservation Zones as detailed above

3. Lutyens Delhi including:
Connaught Place
Gole Market Area
Barracks
Lutyens Bungalow Zone and Safdarjangs Tomb, Lodhi Garden and Delhi Golf Club
Central Vista

4. Firozabad Firoz Shah Kotla

5. Purana Quila, Delhi Zoo and Sundar Nursery

6. Hazrat Nizamuddin, Humayuns Tomb Complex World Heritage Site and Barapullah
Appendix

A-9

7. Qutb Complex World Heritage Site and Mehrauli Area

8. Vijay Mandal Begumpur Sarai Shahji Lal Gumbad area

9. Hauz Khas Deer Park

10. Chiragh Delhi

11. Tughlaquabad Adilabad Nai ka Kot

12. Delhi Cantonment Area.

13. Mehrauli Archaeological Park

14. Sultan Garhi Archaeological Park

15. Tughlaquabad Archaeological Park

Appendix

A-10

APPENDIX-2

Published List of Heritage Buildings in the MCD Areas

Zone A, Walled City

S. No. Buildings Location
1. Idgah West of Paharganj
2. Lady Reading Health School Sadar Bazar
3. Dispensary Lady Reading Health School Sadar Bazar
4. Outer gateway Qila Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim
5. Inner gateway Qila Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim
6. Mosque Qila Qadam Sharief Qila Qadam Sharief
7. Gateway of Qadam Sharief Shrine Nabi Karim
8. Qadam Sharief Shrine Nabi Karim
9. Firoz Shah Mosque Nabi Karim
10. Kunwari Begam Ka Burj Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim
11. Enclosures walls Qila Qadam Sharief Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim
12. Tomb Tail Mill Road, Ram Nagar
13. Hari Masjid Chuna Mandi Paharganj
14. Mosque Chitra Gupta Road Paharganj
15. Chitra Gupta Temple Paharganj
16. Haveli Opp. Hare Kishan Guest House
Paharganj
17. Mosque 116, Main Bazar Road, Paharganj
18. Municipal Corporation Primary School Main Bazar Road, Paharganj
19. Residence 110, Gali Krishna Paharganj
20. Residence 104, Gali Krishna Paharganj
21. Tomb Qutab Road
22. Mosque / Imambara Qutab Road
23. Shivalaya New Delhi Rail Station
24. Mosque New Delhi Rail Station
25. Police Station Sadar Bazar
26. Balika Chaman New Delhi Rail Station
27. Northern Railway Rest House Connaught Place
28. Sarhindi Masjid Lahori Gate
29. Gular Wali Masjid Fatehpuri
30. Ghazi-ud-Dins Mosque Fatehpuri
31. Muhtasibs Mosque Fatehpuri
32. Gateway Tilak Bazar, Fatehpuri
33. Masjid Ramzan Shah Fatehpuri
34. Haveli Bazar Naya Bans, Fatehpuri
35. Durga Mandir Shivalya Fatehpuri
36. Hauzwali Masjid Naya Bans, Fatehpuri
37. Tahawwur Khans Mosque Naya Bans, Fatehpuri
38. Residnce 306, Kuncha Sanjogiram, Naya Bans,
Fatehpuri
39. Fatepuri Masjid Chandni Chowk
40. St. Stephens Church Chandni Chowk
41. Bhowani Shankar Ki Kacheri Fatehpuri, Chandni Chowk
42. Dharamshala Rai Sahib Lala Laxmi Narayan Church Mission Road, Fatehpuri
43. Bhairav Mandir Chandni Chowk
44. Municipal Corporation Primary Girls School Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk
45. Gateway 322, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni
Chowk
46. Gateway 154, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni
Chowk
Appendix

A-11

47. Namak Haram Ki Haveli Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk
48. Namak Haram Ki Haveli 316, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni
Chowk
49. Gateway 759, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk
50. Shivalya Kunniji Maharaj 793, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk
51. Shivalaya 515, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk
52. Mankchanda & Visvesvaranaths Shivalya 577, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk
53. Bada Shivalya 701, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk
54. Residence 574, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk
55. Shivalya Ghanteshwar Mahadev 598, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk
58. Dhumimals Shivalya 602, Ghanteshwara Mahadev, Katra
Neel, Chandni Chowk
60. Pandit Hari Ram Ji ka Shivalya 689, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk
61. Dharamshala Bagh Diwar, Fatehpuri
62. Temple School Bagh Diwar, Fatehpuri
63. Residence 508, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni
Chowk
64. Haveli 507, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni
Chowk
Chowk
Chowk
67. ANZ Grindlays Building 534, Chandni Chowk
68. Union Bank of India Building 628, Chandni Chowk
69. Oriental Bank of Commerce Building 681, Chandni Chowk
70. Gateway to Katra Neel Katra Neel Chandni Chowk
71. Lala Chuna Mals Haveli Katra Neel Chandni Chowk
72. Mirza Galibs House 2298, Gali Qasim Jan, Billimaran,
Chandni Chowk
73. Mirza Galibs In-Laws House Billimaran
74. Mahadev Mandir S. P. Mukherjee Marg
75. Old Delhi Railway Station S. P. Mukherjee Marg
76. Police Station Chandni Chowk
77. Punjab National Bank Building 458, Katra Mohan, Chandni Chowk
78. MCD Office Kucha Bagh, Chandni Chowk
79. Hakim Mihr Ali Shahs Mosque Gali Kucha Bagh, Chandni Chowk
80. Sunehri Masjid Chandni Chowk
81. North Brook Fountain Chandni Chowk
82. Gurudwara Sis Ganj Chandni Chowk
83. Central Baptist Church Chandni Chowk
84. Gujrati Temple 1739, Dariba Kalan
85. Hardayal Municipal Public Library Gandhi Ground, Chandni Chowk
86. Gateway 2255, Kaudiya Pul, Chandni Chowk
87. Bhagirath Place Chandni Chowk
88. Fort View Hotel Chandni Chowk
89. St. Marys Church S. P. Mukherjee Marg
90. Gateway of Zeenat Mahal Lal Kuan
91. Office Block Bazar Lal Kuan
92. Gateway Bazar Lal Kuan
93. Gateway Farash Khana Off Bazar Lal Kuan
94. Yogmaya Mandir Kuncha Sanjogiram Bazar, Naya
Bazar, Naya Bazar
Appendix

A-12

95. MCD Dispensary Lal Kuan
96. Residence Mohalla Roadgran, Lal Kuan
97. Graves enclosure of Nawan Iradtmand Khan
& Nawab Masayar Khan
Mohalla Roadgran, Lal Kuan
98. Gateway Bazar Sikriwalan, Fatehpuri
99. Sikriwalans Mosque Bazar Sikriwalan, Hauz Quazi
100. Masjit Mubarak Begam Bazar Sikriwalan, Hauz Quazi
101. Houz Qazi Mosque Hauz Quazi Chowk, Fatehpuri
102. Gateway Gali Qasim Jan, Fatehpuri
103. Residence 2168, Gali Qasim Jan, Billimaran,
Chandni Chowk
104. Haveli 2160, Ahata Kale Saheb, Billimaran,
Chandni Chowk
105. Hindustani Dawakhana Billimaran, Chandni Chowk
106. Gateway 3639, Chawari Bazar
107. Shri Digambar Jain Naya Mandir Fatehpuri
108. Anand Aushdhlaya Billimaran, Chandni Chowk
109. Shri Agawal Digambar Jain Panchayati
Mandir
Fatehpuri
110. Residence 2293, Dharampura, Fatehpuri
111. Residence 2218, Dharampura, Fatehpuri
112. Shri Digambar Jain Maru Mandir Fatehpuri
113. Prakash Nursery School Dharampura, Fatehpuri
114. Commercial-cum-Residential Building Fatehpuri
115. Residence 2942, Katra Kushal Rai, Kinari Bazar,
Chandini Chowk
116. Residence 1961, Katra Kushal Rai, Kinari Bazar,
Chandni Chowk
117. Ram Nath Inder Devi trust Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk
118. Jain Temple Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk
119. Naugharana Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk
120. Residence West end of Kinari Bazar, Chandni
Chowk
121. Nawab Sahibs Mosque Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk
122. Gateway Near Panchayti Jain Mandir
123. Residence Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk
124. Jain Temple 1541, Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk
125. Jain Temple 1513, Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk
126. Gate to Kucha-I-Ustad Hamid Kishan Gali Jama Masjid
127. Indraprastha Hindu Girls Senior Secondary
School
Jama Masjid
128. Lal Mandir Chandni Chowk
129. Kasturba Janana Hospital Dariyaganj
130. Chatta Agha Jan Masjid Dariyaganj
131. Bridge Near Lahori Gate, Red Fort Red Fort
132. Baoli 158, Red Fort
133. Army Barracks Red Fort
134. Mosque of gaziuddin Khan Ajmeri Gate
135. Anglo-Arbic Public School Ajmeri Gate
136. Rehmani Masjid Ajmeri Gate
137. Commercial Building Ajmeri Gate
138. Residence 4642-4649, Ajmeri Gate
139. MCD Primary Boys School 290-295, Ajmeri Gate
140. Residence 4110-4141, Gali Shah Tara, Ajmeri
Gate
141. Guler Wali Masjid Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate
Appendix

A-13

142. Unchi Masjid Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate
143. Masjid Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate
144. Residence 4346, Kuncha-I-Pandit, Ajmeri Gate
145. Residence 504, Kuncha Pati Ram, Ram Bazar
Sitaram
146. Nav Jyoti Public School 939, Kuncha Pati Ram Bazar Sitaram
147. Jain Mandir 908, Kuncha Pati Ram, Near Hauz
Qazi
148. Residence 901, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sitaram
149. Residence 908, Kuncha Pati Ram, Near Hauz
Qazi
150. Residence 834, Mohalla Imli, Bazar Sitaram
151. Holy trinity Church Turkman Gate
152. Badi Masjid Turkman Gate
153. Telion Ka Phatak Turkman Gate
154. Kalan Masjid Turkman Gate
155. Lal Darwaza Bazar Sita Ram
156. L. Madan Mashal Lal Ayurvedic Charitable
Dispensary
Bazar Sita Ram
157. Haveli 2549, Churiwalan, Bazar Sita Ram
158. Municipal Corporation Ayurvedic Dispensary 1424, Bazar Sita Ram
159. Haksar Haveli Bazar Sita Ram
160. Bhartiya Bal Sadan Society Bazar Sita Ram
161. Dharamshala Lala Pyare Lal Madho Ram Bazar Sita Ram
162. Amrudwali Mosque Bazar Sita Ram
163. Residence 2837, Rehman Building, Bazar Sita
Ram
164. Anjuman Masjid Bazar Sita Ram, Chandni Chowk
165. Tomb of Shah Turkman Mohalla Qabrustan, Turkman Gate
166. Tomb Raziya Sultan Bulbuli Khana, Turkman Gate
167. Mosque Bazar MatMatya Mahal, Near Jama
Masjid
168. Mosque Shah Gulam Ali Kuncha Mir Hashim, Tyrkman Gate
169. Dargah Shah Gulam Ali Kuncha Mir Hashim, Tyrkman Gate
170. Residence 3460, Netaji Subhash Marg Daryaganj
171. Sunehri Masjid West of Netaji Subhash Marg
Daryaganj
172. Shri Digambar Jain Mandir Delhi Gate
173. Masjid Saiwali Kuncha Chetan, Daryaganj
174. Jain Temple & School Daryaganj
175. Hotel Moti Mahal Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj
176. Residence and Commercial Building 4, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj
177. Commercial Street 8-14, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj
178. Residence and Commercial Building 15-16, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj
179. Commercial Street 19-23, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj
180. Street with 14 Buildings 26-40, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj
181. Dargah Shah Shabir Baksh 5051, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj
182. Masjid Beriwali 5052, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj
183. Police Station Daryaganj
184. Residence, DCP Central Daryaganj
185. H.M. D.A.V Middle School Daryaganj
186. Shroff Eye Hospital Daryaganj
187. Hindi Park Housing Area Hindi Park, Daryaganj
188. Mosque Hindi Park, Daryaganj
189. City Wall South Darya Ganj Daryaganj
190. Mortello Tower Daryaganj
Appendix

A-14

191. Residence Ansari Road, Daryaganj
192. Residence, Dr. Ansari House Ansari Road, Daryaganj
193. Phatak Habsh Khan Tilak Bazar, Fatehpuri
194. Gateway Billimaran, Fatehpuri
195. Allahbad Bank Building Chandni Chowk
196. Town Hall Chandni Chowk
197. Company Bagh North of Town Hall
198. Gateway to Katra Nawab Chandni Chowk
199. State Bank of India Chandni Chowk
200. Residence 1222, Chandni Chowk
201. Mahabir Jain Bhawan 1417, Chandni Chowk
202. Haveli of Ahsanullah Khan Bazar Sikriwalan, Off Lal Kuan
203. Residence 5012, Phatak Bans, Lal Kuan
204. Residence 5051, Bazar Sikriwalan
205. Lal Kuan Bazar Lal Kuan
206. Residence 962, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sita Ram
207. Residence 505, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sita Ram

Zone B, Karol Bagh

1. Shikargah Jonti village, Kanjhaola
2. Haveli Jonti village, Kanjhaola
3. Well Jonti village, Kanjhaola
4. Temple Jonti village, Kanjhaola
5. Mukhal Tank Kanjhaola
6. Shivalya Jonti village, Kanjhaola
7. Milestone / Memorial Tikri Border, Rohtak Road
8. Ramjas S. S. School Anand Parbat
9. Tibbia College New Rohtak Road
10. Residence New Rohtak Road Opp. Tibbia College
11. Lal Masjid Northern end of Faiz Road Karon Bagh
12. Bari Masjid Bara Hindu Rao
13. MCD Co-Ed School Rani Jhansi Road, Bara Hindu Rao
14. MCD Dispensary Bara Hindu Rao
15. Shidion Ki Masjid Karol Bagh

Zone C, Civil Lines

1. Tank Kuraini Village, Narela
2. Wall Mosque Kuraini Village, Narela
3. Memorial Azadpur Market, G. T. Road
4. Coronation Memorial Kingsway Camp
5. Coronation Bank Kingsway Camp
6. Embankment Majnu Ka Tila
7. Ammunition Store Mall Road, Civil Lines
8. Ammunition Store Mall Road, Civil Lines
9. Ammunition Store Brig. S. K. Majumdar Marg, Mall Road,
Civil Lines
10. Colonial Building, Majumdar Marg Engineers Office, Brig. S. K. Mall
Road, Civil Lines
11. Pathan Ki Masjid Mall Road, Civil Lines
12. Mosque G. T. Road, Opp. State Bank Colony,
Appendix

A-15

Delhi-7
13. Gateway of Mahaldhar Khans Garden G. T. Road
14. Gateway G. T. Road
15. Faculty of Arts Delhi University
16. Delhi University Office Delhi University
17. Gwyer Hall Delhi University
18. St. Stephen s College Delhi University
19. Chapel St. Stephen College
20. Principals Residence St. Stephen College
21. Guard House Hindu College
22. Old Secretariat Civil Line
23. I. P. College for Woman Civil Line
24. Defence Science Centre Ring Road, Vidha Sabha
25. National Institute of Communicable Diseases Civil Line
26. Meena Devi Jindal Medical Institute and
research centre
Civil Line
27. Sant Parmanand Hospital Civil Line
28. Mosque of Shah Wajid Roshanara Garden
29. MCD Primary School Roshanara Garden
30. Residential Building Roshanara Garden
31. Dharamshala Sabzi Mandi
32. MCD Primary School Roshanara Road
33. Hindu Rao Hospital Civil Line
34. Methodist Church Tis Hazari
35. Queen Marys School Tis Hazari
36. Principals Residence Tis Hazari
37. Mosque Tis Hazari
38. St. Stephens Hospital Tis Hazari
39. St. Stephens Hospital Chapel Tis Hazari
40. Residence 10, Under Hill Road, Civil Line
41. Residence 8, Under Hill Road, Civil Line
42. Teacher Hostel Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line
43. B. M. Ganga Girls School Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line
44. Residence 19, Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line
45. Chapel 19, Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line
46. Delhi United Christian Sr. Sec. School Civil Line
47. Paulas Sadan Civil Line
48. St. Xaviers School Civil Line
49. Butler Memorial Girls School Boulevard Road
50. Residence Boulevard Road
51. Residence North East of Stephen Hospital,
Boulevard Road
52. St. Stephens Community Centre Rajpur Road
53. St. Annes School Rajpur Road
54. Residence Court Road, Rajpur Road
55. Cambridge Brotherhood Court Lane, Civil Line
56. Hotel Oberoi Medians Civil Line
57. Exchange Store Civil Line
58. Residence 17, Sham Nath Marg
59. Canal Rest House Qudsia Bagh
60. Maharaja Agrasen Park Boulevard Road
61. Shia Masjid Mori Gate
62. Suiwali Masjid Mori Gate
63. Gulam Nabis Mosque Mori Gate
64. Burhyas Mosque Mori Gate
65. Gulerwali Masjid Ram Bazar
Appendix

A-16

66. Hamilton Road School Mori Gate
67. James Skinners House Kashmere Gate
68. Dargah Panja Sharif Kashmere Gate
69. Badrudins Grave Kashmere Gate
70. Residence Chotta Bazar, Kashmere Gate
71. Bengali Club Kashmere Gate
72. Kashmere Gate Market Kashmere Gate
73. NCC Office Kashmere Gate
74. Residence Lal Sultan Singh Estate, Kashmere
Gate
75. School Kashmere Gate
76. Lal Masjid Kashmere Gate
77. Colonnaded Building MCD Office, Kashmere Gate
78. Circular Baradari MCD Office, Kashmere Gate
79. Madarsaa Amima Islama Arbad Bara Bazar, Kashmere Gate
80. Ayurvedic Dispensary Kashmere Gate
81. Office of the Election Commission Kashmere Gate
82. Hamid Ali Khans Mosque Kashmere Gate
83. Kucheri Court for Traffic Offences Kashmere Gate
84. Water Bastion ISBT, Kashmere Gate
85. NCC Office Traffic Court, Kashmere Gate
86. Gallows Bastion Kashmere Gate
87. Office of Northern Railways Kashmere Gate
88. St. James Church Kashmere Gate
89. St. James Annexe Kashmere Gate
90. Skinner Familys Cemetery Kashmere Gate
91. Delhi Collage of Engineering Kashmere Gate
92. Archeological Museum Kashmere Gate
93. Delhi Institute of Technology Kashmere Gate
94. Commemorative Column Lothian Road, Near Post Office
95. Post Office Kashmere Gate
96. Nigam Bodh Ghat Kashmere Gate
97. Northern Railway Officers Rest House Mukherjee Road
98. Lothian Bridge Mukherjee Road
99. Nili Chhatri Temple Yamuna Bazar
100. Jail Salimgarh Fort
101. Museum Salimgarh Fort
102. Ammunition Rooms Salimgarh Fort
103. Market Club Road off Boulevard Road

Zone D, New Delhi

1. Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg
2. Lok Nayak Hospital Administrative Block Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg
3. Mosque Mehndiyan Near Mulana Azad Medical Collage
4. Nursery Mosque North Mulana Azad Medical Collage
5. Chaunsath Khamba West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage
6. Dargah West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage
7. Enclosure West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage
8. Memorial Mulana Azad Medical Collage
9. Jamiat Ulama Hind Masjid Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
10. Tomb of Shiekh Muhammad Sahib South of Vikas Marg
11. Mosque South of Vikas Marg (DDA)
12. Matka Pir Mathura Road South West Corner of
Appendix

A-17

Pragati Maidan
13. Hammam Purana Quila, Mathura Road
14. Tomb Delhi Zoo, Mathura Road
15. Azimganj Sarai National Zoological Park, Sundar
Nagar
16. Mosque Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg
17. Do Sariya Gumbad Nizamuddin Village
18. Tomb Nizamuddin Village
19. Gateway West of Nizamuddin Village
20. Gateway Nizamuddin Village
21. Khan-E-Dauran Khans Mosque Nizamuddin Village
22. Tomb Nizamuddin Village
23. Northern Gateway of Dargah Complex Nizamuddin
24. Tomb North West Corner of B Nizamuddin
Village
25. Chini Ka Burj Nizamuddin Village
26. Tomb of Bai Kodaldai Nizamuddin Village
27. Arcade Building Nizamuddin Village
28. Gateway to Inner Enclosure of Dargah Nizamuddin Village
29. Dalan of Itqad Khan Nizamuddin Village
30. Enclosure of Nawab Mustafa Khan Nizamuddin Village
31. Majlis Khans Nizamuddin
32. Jamaat Khana Mosque Nizamuddin
33. Tomb Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin
34. Dalan of Mirdha Ikran Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin
35. Langar Khana Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin
36. Eastern Gateway of Dargah Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin
37. Gateway of the House of Mirza Jahangir Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin
38. Residential Nizamuddin Village
39. Gateway of Leading to the tomb of Atgan
Khan
Nizamuddin Village
40. Dalans Argah Khans Tomb Complex
41. Bari Ka Gumbad East of Argah Khans Tomb Complex
42. Gateway On the Main Entry from mathura
Road, Nizamuddin Village
43. Well East of Chaunsath Khamba,
Nizamuddin
44. Gateway North West Chaunsath Khamba
45. Mirza Galibs Tomb Nizamuddin Village
46. Kali Masjid Nizamuddin Village
47. Gateway of Inner Kot Nizamuddin Village
48. Bastion of Inner Kot Nizamuddin Village
49. Tomb of Khan-I-Jahan Tilagani Nizamuddin Village
50. Wall of Inner Kot Nizamuddin Village
51. Shiv Mandir G-Block Nizamuddin West
52. Chakarwali Masjid At the Inter Section of Lodi Road and
Mathura Road
53. Tomb South of DPS Mathura Road
54. Wall Mosque South of DPS Mathura Road
55. Well Humayuns Tomb Complex
56. Well Sunder Nursery Nizamuddin
57. Mosque Sunder Nursery Nizamuddin
58. Tomb Northern Side of Humayuns Tomb
59. Grave Platform North Side of Humayuns Tomb
60. Chilla Nizamuddin North Side of Humayuns Tomb
61. Tomb of Sayyid Yasin Mathura Road, Nizamuddin
Appendix

A-18

62. Gateway Nizamuddin East, Mathura Road
63. Western Gateway Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext.
64. Residence Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext.
65. Baoli & Well North of Mubarak Shahs Tomb Kotla
Mubarakpur, South Ext.
66. South Gate of Kotla Mubarakpur Mubarak Shahs Tomb Kotla
Mubarakpur, South Ext.
67. Gumti South of Caupal, Village Kotla
Mubarakpur
68. Bridge North West Edge of Kotla Mubarakpur
69. St. Paul Cathedral Hospital Marg, Bhogal
70. Mosque Masjid Marg, Bhogal
71. MCD Office Jal Vihar, Shiv Mandir Marg, Lajpat
Nagar
72. Shivalaya Jal Vihar, Shiv Mandir Marg, Lajpat
Nagar
73. Gateway of Temple Kilokari Village
74. Domed Building Kilokari Village
75. Tomb of Kale Khan Sarai Kale Khan
76. Gumti of Sheikh Ali Defence Colony
77. Gateway Defence Colony
78. Tomb of Basti Defence Colony
79. Mosque of Basti Defence Colony

Zone F, South Delhi

1. Temple NH-8, Naval Area, Rao Tula Ram Marg
2. Two temples Rao Tula Ram Marg
3. Tomb Rao Tula Ram Marg
4. Gateway CAMS Complex, Cantonment
5. Qasai Wala Gumbad Vasant Vihar
6. Mosque Vasant Vihar
7. Tomb Vasant Vihar
8. Baoli Vasant Vihar
9. Bara Lao Ka Gumbad Vasant Vihar
10. Tomb Known as Baradari Vasant Vihar
11. Mosque Basant Lok Market, Vasant Vihar
12. Garden Wall Vasant Vihar
13. Mosque DTC Depot, Vasant Vihar
14. Wall Mosque Sec-5, R. K. Puram
15. Wall Mosque Sec-5, R. K. Puram
16. Mosque Sec-5, R. K. Puram
17. Residence 214, Village Munirka
18. Malik Munirka Mosque 117, Village Munirka
19. Mosque Between Sec-3 & 4, R. K. Puram
20. Mosque of Haji Langa Sec-3, R. K. Puram
21. Haji Langa Gimbad Munirka
22. Gateway Sec-3, R. K. Puram
23. Tomb Sec-3, R. K. Puram
24. Tomb Mohmmadpur Village
25. Caupal Mohmmadpur Village
26. Tomb Mohmmadpur Village
27. Mosque Mohmmadpur Village
28. Domed Building Mohmmadpur Village
Appendix

A-19

29. Well Humayunpur Village
30. Maluk Chand Ka Gumbad Humayunpur Village
31. Dalan Humayunpur Village
32. Gumti Humayunpur Village
33. Hauz Khas Tank Dist. Park, Safdurjung Encl.
34. Munda Gumbad Dist. Park, Hauz Khas
35. Idgah Hauz Khas Village
36. Turrent Hauz Khas Village
37. Plinth Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village
38. Mosque Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village
39. Kali Gumti Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village
40. Wall Mosque Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village
41. Tufewala Gumbad Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village
42. Well F-Block, Green Park
43. Barah Khamba Green Park
44. Structure Unknown Green Park
45. Enclosure Wall of Kharera Village Green Park
46. Mosque Kharera Village
47. Mosque of Darwesh Gulmorhar Park
48. Bridge Sirifort Residential Complex
49. Bulbulki Sirifort Residential Complex
50. Baradari Shahpur Jat Village
51. Building Masjid Moth, South Extn. II
52. Gateway Masjid Moth
53. Tomb Gautam Nagar
54. Tomb Near L.S.R. Collage
55. Gateway Lala Lajpat Rai Marg
56. Tomb Zamroodpur Village
59. Tomb Near House No. 88, Zamroodpur
Village
60. Tomb Lane 62, Zamroodpur Village
61. Mahavir Library N Block, G. K. Part-I
62. Gateway Kalkaji Mandir
63. Kalka Mandir Kalkaji
64. Dharamshala Kalkaji Mandir, Kalkaji
65. Bund Mahipalpur Village
66. Mahal Mahipalpur Village
67. Ruins Mahipalpur Village
68. Ruins Sec-C, Pkt-9, Vasant Kunj
69. Enclosure Wall Vasant Kunj
70. Ruins Vasant Kunj
71. Tomb Katwariasarai Village
72. Dalan Katwariasarai Village
73. Khangah Sarvpriya Vihar
74. Mosque Kalu Sarai Village
75. Chaupal Kalu Sarai Village
76. Gateway of Moqsue Adchini Village
77. Mosque Adchini Village
78. Gateway Adchini Village
79. Wall Mosque Malviya Nagar
81. Wall Mosque Lal Gumbad Complex
Appendix

A-20

84. Mahal Malviya Nagar
85. Mosque Malviya Nagar
86. Enclosure Malviya Nagar
87. Enclosure Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I
88. Dukh Bhajan Gurudwara Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I
89. Kharbuze Ka Gumbad Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I
90. Tomb of Shiekh Allauddin Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I
91. Tomb Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I
93. Tomb of Shiekh Salauddin Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I
94. Mosque Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I
95. Mosque Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I
98. Majlis Khana Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I
99. Mosque Khirki Village
100. Mosque Khirki Village
101. Tomb of Sheikh Usman Saiyan Khirki Village
102. Lal Gumbad II Panchsheel Enclave
103. Madarsa Zeenatul Panchsheel Enclave
104. Northern Gateway of Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Village
105. Circular Bastion and Chattri Chirag Delhi Village
106. Eastern Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi
107. Southern Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi
108. Western Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi
109. Eastern Gateway of Inner Enclosure Chirag Delhi
110. Tomb of Roshan Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi
111. Mosque of Faruksiyar Chirag Delhi
112. Tomb Chirag Delhi
113. Tomb of Shiekh Zainuddin Chirag Delhi
114. Tomb of the Grand Daughter of Shiekh Farid
Shakarganj
Chirag Delhi
115. Mosque Chirag Delhi
116. Mehfil Khana Chirag Delhi
118. An Enclosure Chirag Delhi
120. Majlis Khana Chirag Delhi
121. Grave Enclosure Chirag Delhi
122. Gateway Chirag Delhi
123. Pahar Chirag Delhi
124. Gateway Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi
126. Tomb of Haji Khanam Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi
127. Turret Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi
128. Jain Temple Near House No. 341, Chirag Delhi
129. Hanuman Temple Chirag Delhi
130. Kos Minar Mathura Road
131. Tomb M. B. Road, Lado Sarai
132. Tomb Lado Sarai
133. Mosque Lado Sarai
134. Tomb of Sheikh Haidar M. B. Road
135. Residence Saidulajab Village
136. Plinth of Mosque Saidulajab Village
137. Roof Press Enclave
138. Tomb Kala Gumbad Tuglakabad Institutional Area
Appendix

A-21

139. Well Tuglakabad Institutional Area
140. Plinth and Well Tuglakabad Fort
141. Embankment Tuglakabad Fort
142. Kos Minar Badarpur Sarai
143. Northern Gateway Badarpur Sarai
144. Central Gateway Badarpur Sarai
145. Shahi Masjid Badarpur Sarai
146. Southern Gateway Badarpur Sarai
147. Kos Minar Mathura Road
148. Qutab Guest House Mehrauli
149. The form house restaurant Mehrauli
150. Metcalfes Folly 1, 2 Mehrauli
151. Colonial Buildings Mehrauli
152. Mosque Mehrauli
153. Chaumukha Darwaza Mehrauli
154. Anagtal Lalkot Excavation
155. Residence Ward-I, Mehrauli
156. Mosque of Wafab Shah Mehrauli
157. Mehrauli Public Library Mehrauli
158. Haveli Ward-1, Mehrauli
159. Residence Ward-1, Mehrauli
160. Temple of Jogmaya Ward-1, Mehrauli
161. Priests Residence Ward-1, Mehrauli
162. Residence 10/6, Ward-1, Mehrauli
163. Baradari at Jog Maya Temple 10/4, Ward-1, Mehrauli
164. Primary School Ward-1, Mehrauli
165. Residence 6653, Ward-1, Mehrauli
166. Residence 10/8, Mehrauli
167. Prachin Sidh Shri Hanuman Mandir Mehrauli
168. St. John Church Complex Mehrauli
169. Mosque of Quazian Near Mehrauli
170. Primary Health Centre Mehrauli
171. MCD House Tax Office and Vocational
Training Centre
Ward-1, Mehrauli
172. Wall Mosque Ward-1, Mehrauli
173. Gateway 1081, Ward-1, Mehrauli
175. Original Gateway of Dargah Sharif Ward-1, Mehrauli
177. Noorie Masjid 965, Ward-7, Mehrauli
178. Dilkusha Mosque Mehrauli
183. Well Ward-4, Mehrauli
185. Residential Street 431-436, Ward-3, Mehrauli
187. Residence Gatewayof Mohalla 450, Ward-3, Mehrauli
193. Chowk Ward-5,Mehrauli
Appendix

A-22

198. Shop cum Residence 494, Ward-6, Mehrauli
199. Chaupal Ward-6, Mehrauli
200. Sarai Wall Masjid Ward-7, Mehrauli
202. Gateway Leading to Residential Cluster 802, Ward-6, Mehrauli
206. Commercial cum Residential Street Ward-6,Mehrauli
207. Hazi Jamal-ud-din building 877, Ward-6, Mehrauli
208. Residence Behind 877,Ward-7, Mehrauli
209. Gateway Ward-6, Mehrauli
210. Hijron Ka Khangah Ward-6, Mehrauli
212. Veterinary Clinic 882, Ward-6, Mehrauli
213. Kali Chand Building 895, Ward-8, Mehrauli
214. Mosque Ward-6, Mehrauli
215. Tomb Mehrauli
216. Dargah of Hazrat Sheikh Abdul Haq Muhadis
Dahivi
Mehrauli
217. Dalan Adjacent to Grave of Sayyid Niyaz
Muhammad
Mehrauli
218. Naalnandon-ki-masjid Mehrauli
219. Godown Ward-6, Mehrauli
220. Sarai of Sheikh Inayatullah 893,Ward-8, Mehrauli
221. Tomb 892,Ward-8, Mehrauli
222. Hauz-I-Shamsi Ward-8, Mehrauli
223. Two Mosque Ward-8, Mehrauli
224. Tomb Ward-8, Mehrauli
225. Auilya Masjid Ward-8, Mehrauli
226. Jhama Ward-8, Mehrauli
227. Pankhe Wale Mosque Mehrauli
228. Mosque of Mulana Jamli Ward-8, Mehrauli
229. Mosque & Tomb Ward-8, Mehrauli
232. Tomb & Mosque of Makhdam Samauddin Ward-8, Mehrauli
233. Gateway / Tomb Mehrauli
234. Northern Gateway of Dargah of Qutab Sahib Mehrauli
235. Dargah and Mazar of Saika Baba Mehrauli
236. Gateway of Maulana Fakhruddin Mehrauli
237. Residence Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli
238. Mosque Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli
239. Grave & Mosque Motamad Khan Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli
240. Tomb of Maluna Fakhruddin Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli
241. First Gateway of Farrukhsiyar Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli
242. Inner Gateway of Farrukhsiyar Dargah of Qutab Shah
243. Dargah of Khawaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar
Kaki
Dargah of Qutab Shah
244. Tomb of Khwaja Abdul Aziz Bastami Dargah of Qutab Shah
245. Mazar of Hazrat Qazi Hammeduddin Nagauri Dargah of Qutab Shah
246. Mosque & Grave of Zabita Khan Dargah of Qutab Shah
Appendix

A-23

247. Mosque of Qutab Sahib Dargah of Qutab Shah
248. Baoli of Qutab Sahib Dargah of Qutab Shah
249. Majlis Khana Dargah of Qutab Shah
250. Graveyard Dargah of Qutab Shah
251. Gateway Dargah of Qutab Shah
252. Grave of Murad Bakht Dargah of Qutab Shah
253. Tomb Dargah of Qutab Shah
254. Entrance Gateway Dargah of Qutab Shah
255. Gultashi Wali Masjid Dargah of Qutab Shah
256. Gateway Dargah of Qutab Shah
257. House of Mirza Babar Ward-8, Mehrauli
258. Walled Garden Ward-8, Mehrauli
259. Tomb Exclusive Ward-7, Mehrauli
261. Tomb of Sheikh Suleman Ward-7, Mehrauli
263. Gateway Ward-7, Mehrauli
265. Metcalfes Boathouse DDA Park, Mehrauli
266. Gatepost DDA Park, Mehrauli
267. Well DDA Park, Mehrauli
268. Well DDA Park, Mehrauli
269. Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli
271. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli
273. Walled Enclosure DDA Park, Mehrauli
274. Two Arched Dalans DDA Park, Mehrauli
275. Colonned DDA Park, Mehrauli
277. Mosque & Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli
281. Enclosure DDA Park, Mehrauli
282. Arched Dalans DDA Park, Mehrauli
283. Walled Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli
284. Canopy DDA Park, Mehrauli
285. Walled Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli
286. Ruins Balbans Tomb
288. Dalan DDA Park, Mehrauli
290. Wall DDA Park, Mehrauli
291. Tomb Enclosure DDA Park, Mehrauli
292. Tomb of Khan Sahib DDA Park, Mehrauli
293. Stables DDA Park, Mehrauli
295. Arched Dalans DDA Park, Mehrauli
298. Mosque of Mulana Majduddin DDA Park, Mehrauli
299. Guard House DDA Park, Mehrauli
300. Domed Building DDA Park, Mehrauli
301. Ashoka Mission DDA Park, Mehrauli
302. Bhagichi Ka Masjid DDA Park, Mehrauli
Appendix

A-24

303. Mosque Lado Sarai, Mehrauli
304. Plinth of Wall Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli
305. Takya of Kamli Shah Lado Sarai, Mehrauli
306. Gateway Mehrauli
307. Mosque and Domed Building Mehrauli
310. Chihaltan Chihalman DDA Park, Mehrauli
312. Enclosure DDA Park, Mehrauli
313. Sohan Burj DDA Park, Mehrauli
314. Mosque & Domed Gateway DDA Park, Mehrauli
315. Plinth of Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli
317. Idgah Mehrauli
318. Tomb Near Idgah, Mehrauli
319. Tomb of Sheikh Shihabuddin Near Idgah, Mehrauli
320. Platform Mehrauli
321. Chillagah Mehrauli
322. Mosque Badarpur Road, Mehrauli
323. Metcalfes Folly 3 Mahipalpur Road, Mehrauli
324. Baoli Mahipalpur Road, Mehrauli
325. Dadabari Jain Mandir Mehrauli
326. Ruin of Arch Andheria More, Mehrauli
327. Saubate Tomb Kishangarh, Mehrauli
328. Enclosure Walls Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli
329. Mosque Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli
330. Gateway Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli
331. Enclosure Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli
332. Wall Mosque Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli
333. Ruins Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli
334. Embankment Sultanpur
335. Baoli Sultanpur
336. Unnamed Ward-8, Mehrauli
337. Unknown Structure DDA Park, Mehrauli
338. Building Unknown DDA Park, Mehrauli

Zone G, South Delhi

1. Delhi Gate, Najafgarh Najafgarh
2. Jami Mosque Najafgarh
3. Residential-cum-Commercial Najafgarh Main Street
4. Residential-cum-Commercial Najafgarh
5. Dharamshala Near Temple Chowk, Najafgarh
6. Residence Najafgarh, Adjacent to Arya Samaj
Mandir
7. Well Police Station, Najafgarh
8. Mosque Police Station Compound , Najafgarh
9. Haveli Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh
10. Domed Chattri Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh
11. Samadhi of Mitra Sen Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh
12. Temple Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh
13. Haveli Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh
14. Ruins of Haveli Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh
Appendix

A-25

15. Dalan Main Highway, Mitraon Village
16. Tomb of Rana Sahib East of Najafgarh
17. Minar Hasthsal village, West of Vikaspuri
18. Hati Khana Hasthsal village
19. Dalans Hasthsal village
20. Residence Pehladpur Village, Palam Road, Near
Air Force Museum
21. Residence Pehladpur Village, Palam Road
22. Residence Pehladpur Village, Palam Road
23. Tomb of Sohel Adjacent to Indira Gandhi
International Airport
24. Gateway Mehram Nagar, Opp. Indira Gandhi
Airport
25. Mosque Mehram Nagar, Opp. Indira Gandhi
Airport
26. Eastern Gateway Mehram Nagar, Domestic Airport
27. Enclosure Walls Sarai Mehram Nagar, Opp. Domestic
Nagar
28. Katra North Mehram Nagar
29. Garden of Mehram Khan North Mehram Nagar

Zone H, North Delhi

1. Well District Park, Adjacent to Police
Station, Shalimar Bagh
2. Wall Swami Naraan Road, Shastri Nagar
3. Police New Clothing Depot Shahzada Bagh, Old Rohtak Road
4. Ruins Ring Road, Shakurpur

Appendix

A-26

APPENDIX-3

HCC List of Buildings having Architectural (Ar), Archaeological (Arcg) & Historic (H) values in NDMC Area and their
State of Preservation

OWNER ASI

S. No. Name of the
Building
Location Date Function Value Status B-Page State of
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Shikargarh Teen Murti
House
Tughlaq Formerly
Hunt Lodge
At Present
Monument
Arch-A P 215 Good
2. Lal bangle-1 Delhi Golf
House
1779-80 Tomb Arch-A P 228 Fair Should be G-I
3. Mosque Safdarjungs
Tomb
1750 Formerly
Mosque At
Present Not
in Use
Arch-A P 241 Fair Should be G-I
4. Safdurjungs Tomb West of
Crossing of
Aurobindo
Marg and
Lodhi Road
1753 Formerly
Madarsa At
present
Monument
5. Tomb of Muhamad
Shah Sayyid
Lodhi
Garden
1443-40 Tomb Arch-A P 249 Good Should be G-I
6. Bara Gimbad Lodhi
Garden
1494 Formerly
Gate way At
present
Monument
Arch-A P 250 Good Should be G-I
7. Mosque Lodhi
Garden
1494 Formerly
Mosque At
present
Monument
Arch-A P 250 Good but tile work
is disappearing
Should be G-I
8. Arched Building Lodhi 1494 Formerly Arch-A P 251 Fair Should be G-I
Appendix

A-27

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
Garden Attached to
Mosque At
present
Monument
9. Shish Gumbad Lodhi
Garden
Lodhi Tomb Arch-A P 251 Fair Should be G-I
10. Tomb of Sikandar Lodhi
Garden
1517-18 Enclosure
Walls
11. Athpula Lodhi
Garden
Akbar Period Bridge Arch-A P 254 Fair Should be G-I
12. Bistadari Mahal Bistadari
Road
Southern
Ridge Sardar
Patel Mar
Firoz Shah
Tughlaqs
Reign
Formerly
Hunt Lodge
At present
Residence
Arcg-B P 213 Unknown
13. Yantar Mantar Parliament
Street
1710 Astronomi
Observatory
Arch-A P 162 to 165 Signs of
Deterioration
Should be G-I
14. Agrasen Ki Baoli Heiley Road Pre-Lodhi Formerly
Step-well At
present
Monument
Arch-A P 172 Rapid Deterioration
since mid 1980s.
The adjacent high
rise structure have
harmed the
general setting of
the complex
Should be G-I
15. Khairul Manzil
Masjid
Subramanya
Bharti Marg,
Mathura
Road
1561-62 Formerly
Mosque At
present
Monument
Arch-A P 207 Signs of
Deterioration The
mosque & the
compartments
which surround the
country yard need
urgent repair
Should be G-I
16. Lal Darwaza Mathura
Road Opp.
Zoo Entry
Ely-16
th

Century
Formerly
Gate way At
present
Monument
Arch-A P 207 Signs of
Deterioration Much
shoring work has
been done on the
Should be G-I
Appendix

A-28

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
rear of the curtain
walls
17. Lal Bangla-II Delhi Golf
Club
1780 Tomb Arch-A P 229 Signs of
Deterioration
Should be G-I
18. Tomb of Najaf
Khan
W- of Lodhi
Colony
1782 Tomb Arch-A P 249 Signs of
Deterioration
Should be G-I
19. Mosque Hailey Road Lodhi Mosque Arcg-B P 172 Serious
Deterioration

20. Mosque Hailey Road L-Mughal Formerly
Mosque
Arcg-B P 253 Signs of
Deterioration

21. Tomb National
Stadium
Opp. High
Court
1540 Formerly
Tomb At
present
Monument
Arcg-B P 203 Serious
Deterioration

22. Gate way Lodhi
Garden
L-Mughal Formerly
Gate way At
present
Monument
Arcg-B P 252 Signs of
Deterioration.
Some conservation
work has recently
been done through.
Not very sensitively
remnants of
painted design on
inner walls are still
visible

23. Turret Lodhi
Garden
Lodhi Turret Arcg-B UP 252 Signs of
Deterioration

Appendix

A-29

OWNER STATE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Barah Khamba Delhi Golf
Club
Tughlaq Tomb Arcg-A P 232 Serious
Deterioration
Should be G-
I
2. Tomb East of
National
Stadium,
near Gate
no. 5, opp.
Talagi Gate
1540s Tomb Arcg-B P 206 Signs of
Deterioration

3. Tomb of Sayyid
Abidi
Delhi Golf
Course, Opp.
Kakanagar to
south of Lal
Bangla
1626 Tomb Arcg-B P 230 Signs of
Deterioration

4. Tomb Delhi Golf
Course, Opp.
Kakanagar
Early Mughal Tomb Arcg-B P 232 Signs of
Deterioration
Trees growing
near the walls

5. Tomb Delhi Golf
Course, Opp.
Kakanagar
Late Mughal Tomb Arcg-B P 233 Signs of
Deterioration

6. Mir Taqus tomb Delhi Golf
Course, Opp.
Kakanagar
Mughal Tomb Arcg-B P 233 Signs of
Deterioration
Trees Growing
near the walls
Plaster has
come off &
needs to be
replased

7. Vaulted Tomb Delhi Golf
Course, Opp.
Kakanagar
Mughal Tomb Arcg-B P 231 Good

Appendix

A-30

OWNER NDMC

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Teen Murti Statue Opp. Teen
Murti House
1922 Memorial
Statue
Ar-B P 213 Fair
2. Gate way Lodhi
Garden,
Amrita
Shergil Marg
1930 Gate way Ar-C UP 254 Good
3. Grave Platform North of
Central Vista
Late Mughal Graves Arcg-C UP 195 Good
4. India Gate LBZ, Central
Vista
1931 War
Memorial
Arcg-C UP 200 Good Should be G-I
Should be
protected Doubt in
Ownership Stated
NDMC?
5. India Gate Canopy LBZ, Central
Vista
1936 Arcg-C UP 200 Fair Should be G-I
Should be
protected Doubt in
Ownership Stated
NDMC?
6. N. P. Boys Senior
Secondary School
Mandir Marg 1940 School Ar-B UP 151 Fair Should be G-I
Should be
protected Doubt in
Ownership Stated
NDMC?
7. Embankment Talkatora
Garden
Late Mughal Arcg-B UP 187 Serious
Deterioration

8. Mosque Lodhi
Garden
between the
Bara
Gumbad &
Muhammad
Mughal Formerly
Mosque
Arcg-B UP 255 Serious
Deterioration

Appendix

A-31

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
Shahs Tomb
9. Mosque Eastern end
Karbala
adjacent to
eastern
entrance of
Karbal
ground
Late Mughal Formerly
Mosque
Arcg-C UP 247 Serious
Deterioration

10. Mosque Kamal
Ataturk Road
near R. C.
Club
1930 Bridge Ar-C UP 238 Serious
Deterioration

11. Pedestrian Bridge Over Drain
Kamal
Ataturk Road
1930 Bridge Ar-C UP 239 Serious
Deterioration

OWNER MCD

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Gate way Panch Kaun
Road
1691 Gate Way Arcg-B UP 152 Serious
Deterioration
Should be G-
I &
Protected

Appendix

A-32

OWNER WAKF BOARD

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Mosque Dargah
Complex
Panchkuan
Road
Late Mughal Formerly
Mosque
Arcg-B UP 153 Fair
2. Sunehri Masjid Sunehri Bag Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 195 Fair The courtyard has
been covered with tin
sheet
3. Baghwali Masjid South end of
Pandar Road
Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 227 Good
4. Masjid Rakab Ganj Church Kane Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-C UP 189 Fair
5. Masjid Mejeedia Aurangzeb
Road
Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-C UP 224 Fair
6. Karbala Jorbagh 1759-1806 Formerly
Religious At
Present
Nursery
Arcg-C UP 248 Fair
7. Mosque, Masjid
Zubata Gunj
South of
Central Vista
Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 199 Signs of
Deterioration

8. Mosque Kakanagar Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 227 Signs of
Deterioration

9. Grave Enclosure Kakanagar
adjacent to
NDMC Primary
School
1245 Grave
Enclosure
Deterioration

10. Mosque Delhi Golf Club
along east wall
1245 Formerly
Mosque At
Present Not
in Use
Deterioration

11. Tomb East of Hotel
Oberoi
Lodhi Formerly
Tomb At
Present Base
for Hoarding
Deterioration

Appendix

A-33

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
12. Mosque R. K. Ashram
Road
Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-C UP 153 Deterioration
13. Mosque Blind School
Lodhi Road
Mughal Formerly
Tomb Now
Res.
Tailoring
Deterioration

14. Mosque Race Course
Road
Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 239 Signs of
Deterioration

15. Gate way Northern Gate
way of Dargah
of Shahi
Mardan, Lodhi
Colony
1815 Gate way Arch-C UP 242 Signs of
Deterioration

Appendix

A-34

OWNER DELHI POLICE

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Police Station Parliament
Street
1930 Police
Station
Ar-B UP 166 Signs of
Deterioration

2. Police Station Tughlaq
Road
1930 Police
Station
Deterioration

3. Police Station Mandir Marg 1930 Police
Station
Ar-C UP 150 Signs of
Deterioration

OWNER POST & TELEGRAPH

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Gol Dak Khana Baba Kharak
Singh Marg
1930 G.P.O Ar-B UP 154 Fair Should be G-
I
2. Central Telegraph
Office Eastern
Court
Janpath 1920 Formerly
Hostel for
Legislator
now CTO
Ar-B UP 169 Fair, Some
alterations
have been
done
Should be
brought back
to its
original
statement
Should be G-
I

Appendix

A-35

OWNER GOVERNMENT

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Building within
the Presidents
Estate
Presidents
Estate
1914-31 Ar-A UP 190 Good? It is understood that
at maintenance is
not good should be
G-I. Should be
protected
2. Jaipur Column In front of
Rashtrapati
Bhawan
1930 Ar-A UP 190 Good Should be G-I.
Should be protected
3. North & South
Block
LBZ, Central
Vista
1930 Office Ar-A UP 191 Fair Should be G-I.
Should be protected
4. Parliament House LBZ, Central
Vista
1920 Parliament Ar-A UP 192 Fair Should be G-I.
Should be protected
5. Central Vista LBZ, Central
Vista
1931 Ar-A UP 192 ???? Should be G-I.
Should be protected
6. Travancore
House
Kasturba Gandhi
Marg
Formerly Palace
Now Bank
Ar-A UP 197 Fair Kerala Govt. (once
tried to be
demolished but
prevented)
7. Hyderabad House Near India Gate
Circle
1926-8 Formerly Palace
office off.
Banquet
Ar-A UP 201 Good Should be G-I.
Should be protected
8. Baroda House Near India Gate
Circle
1936 Formerly Palace
N. Rly. Off.
Ar-A UP 201 Fair Rly., New building
have come up in the
erstwhile garden
Should be G-I.
Should be protected
9. Jaipur House Near India Gate
Circle
1936 Formerly Palace
Now NAGMA
Ar-A UP 202 Fair Extended at rear
Min. of HRD Should
be G-I Should be
protected
10. Bikaner House Near India Gate
Circle
1938-9 Formerly Palace
Now Office
Ar-A UP 205 Fair Should be G-I.
Should be protected
Appendix

A-36

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
Govt. of Rajasthan
11. Teen Murti House Teen Murti MArg 1930 Nehru Memorial
Museum
Ar-A
H-A
UP 215 Good
12. Kashmir House Rajaji Marg 1930 Formerly Palatial
Res. Now Army
Office
Ar-A UP 216 Fair Army
13. Lady Hardinge
Medical Collage
Shahed Bhagat
Singh Marg
1920 Collage Ar-B UP 157 Fair But Over Use Poss a
Threat
14. Kerala House Jantar Mantar
Road
1927 Formerly Palatial
Bldg. Now Office
Ar-B UP 167 Good Kerala Govt.
15. Western Court Janpath 1920 Hostel for
Parliament- arian
Ar-B UP 170 Good
16. Bahalpur House Sikandar Road 1939 Formerly Palace
Res. At present
National School
of Drama
Ar-B UP 179 Fair Many internal
modifications have
been made. Landuse
in MPD-2001 C/SC
17. Dr. R. M. L.
Hospital
Willington
Crescent
1930 Hospital Ar-B UP 188 Fair Has Architectural
merit & is part of
the original plan of
Delhi
18. Dominion
Columns
Near South
Block
1930 Commemorative
Col.
Ar-B UP 191 Good Should be G-I.
Should be protected
19. All India Radio
Building
Sansad Marg 1940 Off. Of
Transmission
Centre
Ar-B UP 194 Fair Should be G-I.
Should be
protected. Min. of
I&B
20. Faridkot House Copernicus Marg 1938 Formerly Palace
Now Office
Ar-B UP 198 Fair
21. National Stadium LBZ, Central
Vista
1933 Stadium Ar-B UP 202 Fair
22. Indira Gandhi
Memorial
Safdarjung Road 1930 Formerly
Residence Now
Memorial
Ar-B
H-A
UP 216 Fair
23. Vice President
House
Maulana Azad
Road
1920 Residence Ar-B UP 218 Not Known Should be G-I.
Should be protected
Appendix

A-37

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
24. Gandhi Sadan
Smriti
Tees January
Marg
1930 Gandhi Memorial Ar-B
H-A
UP 219 Fair Should be G-I.
Should be protected
25. Naval Officers
Mess
Shahjahan Road 1938 Mess Ar-B UP 221 Fair Indian Navy
26. Darbhanga House 7, Man Singh
Road
1930 Formerly Palace,
Now Office
Ar-B UP 222 Fair
27. Kapurthala Hous 3, Man Singh
Road
1940 Formerly Palatial
Bldg Now Guest
House
Ar-B UP 223 Fair Govt. of Punjab
28. Kashmir House
(2)
Prithviraj Road 1930 Formerly Palace
Now J&K Art
Emp.
Ar-B UP 225 Fair J&K Govt.
29. Jaisalmer House Man Singh Road 1939 Formerly Palace
Now Office
Ar-C UP 222 Fair
30. National
Archieves
Janpath 1920 GOI Record
Office
Ar-A UP 194 Signs of
Deterioration
Should be G-I.
Should be protected
31. Patiala House N-W India Gate 1938 Formerly Palace,
Now Court
Ar-A UP 202 Signs of
Deterioration

32. Tehri Garhwal
House
5, Bhagwan Das
Road
Formerly Palace.
Now Residence
Deterioration

33. Minto Bridge Minto Road 1933 Rly. Bridge Ar-B UP 171 Signs of
Deterioration
Northern Railway

OWNER CHURCH OF NORTH INDIA

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Cathedral Church
of Redemption
Church Road 1935 Church Ar-A UP 188 Good Church of North
India
2. St. Thomas
Church
Mandir Marg 1931-2 Church Ar-B UP 150 Fair Church of North
India
3. Free Church Parliament
Street
1927 Church Ar-B UP 166 Fair Church of North
India
Appendix

A-38

OWNER PUBLIC TRUST & HEALTH

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Scred Heart
Chathedral
Ashoka Place 1934 Church Ar-A UP 155 Good
2. Lal Diwan Chand
Trust House
2, Jain
Mandir Road
1926 Formerly
Residence
Ar-A UP 160 Fair Existence to
be checked ?
3. Gymkhana Club Between RC
Road &
Safdarjung
Road
1928 Club Ar-A UP 218 Fair Should be G-I,
Should be
protected
4. Laxmi Narain
Temple (Birla
Mandir)
Mandir Marg 1933 Temple Ar-B UP 151 Fair Trust
5. St. Columbas
School
Ashoka Place 1930 School Ar-B UP 155 Fair
6. Burman
Residence
Jain Mandir
Road
1939 Residence Ar-B UP 160 Good Private
7. Regal, Revoli
Building
Outer Circle
Connaught
Place
1930 Commercial Ar-B UP 161 Fair Multiple
Owner
8. ECE House Connaught
Place
1930 Bank, Off. Ar-B UP 170 Fair Private
9. Modern School Barakhamba
Road
1930 School Ar-B UP 173 Good Trust
10. Embassy of Nepal Barakhamba
Road
1940 Nepal Embassy Ar-B UP 179 Good Private
11. Lady Irwin
Collage
Sikandara
Road
1930 Collage Ar-B UP 180 Good Public
Landuse in
MPD-2001
C/SC
12. Residence 5, Sikandara
Road
1940 Residence Ar-B UP 180 Fair Private
Landuse in
MPD-2001
C/SC
Appendix

A-39

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
13. Somerville School 26, Firozshah
Road
1930 Formerly
Residence Now
School ?????
Ar-B UP 197 Fair Presently
Residence of
Shri Susil
Ansal
14. Lady Irwin Senior
Secondary School
Canning
Road
Early 20
th

Centaury
School Ar-B UP 198 Fair Trust
15. Hungarian
Cultural Centre,
Baikunth
Janpath and
Tees January
Marg
1933 Formerly
Residence Now
Cultural Centre
Ar-B UP 219 Good Private
16. Sujjan Singh Park Subramanya
Bharti Marg
1945 Residential Flats Ar-B UP 225 Fair Private
17. St. Thomas
School
Mandir Marg 1935 School Ar-C UP 149 Fair Trust
18. Imperial Hotel Janpath 1930 Hotel ? UP 169 Good Private
19. Scindia House Outer Circle,
Cannaught
Place
1930-40 Commercial Ar-C UP 171 Fair Private
20. Patani House 5, Man Singh
Road
1940 Residence Ar-C UP 223 Fair Private
21. New Delhi
Cemetery
Prithvi Raj
Road
1920 Cemetery Ar-C UP 224 Fair Delhi
Cemetery
Committee
22. Chota Mandir Jain Mandir Late
Mughal
Temple Arcg-B UP 159 Fair Trust
23. Qadam Sharif Dargah Shahi
Mardan,
Lodhi Colony
1756-60 Dargah Arcg-B
H-B
UP 244 Fair Should be G-I.
Should be
Protected
24. Majlis Khana Dargah Shahi
Mardan,
Lodhir
Colony
1750 Monument Arcg-B UP 245 Good Should be G-I.
Should be
Protected
25. Bibi Ka Rauza Dargah Shahi
Mardan,
Lodhir
Colony
Late
Mughal
Shrine Arcg-B UP 245 Fair Should be G-I.
Should be
Protected
Appendix

A-40

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
26. Mosque Dargah Shahi
Mardan,
Lodhir
Colony
1750 Mosque Arcg-B UP 246 Good Should be G-I.
Should be
Protected
27. Bara Mandir Jain Mandir
Road
Late
Mughal
Temple Arcg-C UP 159 Fair Trust
28. Temple Near Jantar
Mantar
Late
Mughal
Temple Arcg-C UP 165 Fair Trust
29. Dargah West of
Mathura
Road to the
South of NSC
Late
Mughal
Dargah Arcg-C UP 205 Fair Should be G-I.
Should be
Protected
30. Well Outside East
Well
Safdarjungs
Tomb
1753 Formerly Well
Now Filled up
Arcg-C UP 241 Fair ????
31. Mosque Dargah Shahi
Mardan,
Lodhi Colony
Late
Mughal
Formerly Mosque
Now Residence
Arcg-C UP 243 Fair Should be G-I.
Should be
protected
32. Gateway Dargah Shahi
Mardan,
Lodhi Colony
Mughal Gate Way Arcg-C UP 244 Fair
33. Tomb of Arif Ali
Shah
Dargah Shahi
Mardan,
Lodhi Colony
Late
Mughal
Tomb Arcg-C UP 247 Fair
34. Hanuman MAndir BKS Marg Mughal Temple H-B UP 161 Fair Trust
35. Dargah of Hasan
Rasul Numa
Panchkuan
Road
1691 Formerly Dargah
Now Residence
Arcg-B UP 152 Signs of
Deterioration

36. Memorial canopy LHMC 1930 Canopy Arcg-B UP 158 Signs of
Deterioration

37. Jain Happy
School
LHMC Late
Mughal
Formerly Temple
Now School
Deterioration

38. Gateway Lal
Bangla
Delhi Golf
Club
Late
Mughal
Landscape
Element
Deterioration

39. Gate Way Entrance of Lodhi Presently Tea Arcg-B UP 236 Signs of
Appendix

A-41

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
Hotel Oberai Stall Deterioration
40. Lal Masjid Dargah Shahi
Mardan,
Lodhi Colony
Late
Mughal
Mosque Arcg-B UP 243 Serious
Deterioration

41. Tomb of Mah
Khanan
Karbala
Jorbagh
1726 Tomb Arcg-B UP 248 Signs of
Deterioration

42. Plinth Delhi Golf
Club
Mughal Unknown Arcg-C UP 231 Signs of
Deterioration

43. Gate way Dargah Shahi
Mardan,
Lodhi Colony
West Side of
Dargah
Mughal Gate Way Arcg-C UP 246 Signs of
Deterioration

44. Connaught Place
Connaught Circus
Connaught
Place
1933 Commercial Ar-A UP 162 Signs of
Deterioration
Multiple
Owner
45. Gol Market SBS Marg,
Connaught
Place
1920 Market Ar-B UP 154 Signs of
Deterioration
Multiple
Owner
46. Sadar Vallabh
Bhai Patel
Smarak Trust
Bldg
7, Jantar
Mantar Road
1920 Formerly
Residence Now
Office
Ar-B
H-C
UP 167 Signs of
Deterioration
Trust ???
47. Gate Way of Bldg On Road
Connt.
Janpath and
Jantar
Mantar
1920 Gate Way Ar-B UP 168 Poor
48. Free Masons Hall Janpath 1935 Hall & Office Ar-B UP 168 Signs of
Deterioration
Trust

Appendix

A-42

OWNER SHIROMONI GURDWARA

S. No. Name of the
Building
Preservation
Remarks
a b c d e f g h i j
1. Bangla Sahib
Gurudwara
Ashoka Road Late
Mughal
Gurudwara H-B UP 157 Good
2. Rakab Ganj Church Road ? Gurudwara H-B
Ar-B
UP 189 Good

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 8 : Water Supply
Chapter 8 City Water Supply System

8-1

CHAPTER - 8
CITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi is situated along a perennial
source of water, the river Yamuna. The
river divides the city into East Delhi
known as Trans Yamuna Area, and New
Delhi. The National Capital Territory of
Delhi (NCTD) has an area of 1483 km
2
and comprises of three constituents
MCD (1297.29 km
2
), NDMC (42.74 km
2
)
and DCB (42.97 km
2
) respectively. This
chapter presents historical overview of
water supply system, present status of
production and demand, extent of
coverage and agencies involved in
transmission and distribution of water.

8.2 HISTORY OF DELHI WATER SUPPLY

Delhi depends largely on river Yamuna
1
and partially on river Ganga for its share
of water. The flow of the river is regulated at Tajewala Barrage (subsequently
by Hathinikund barrage) and the dry weather flow is entirely diverted into
Eastern Yamuna Canal for UP and the Western Jamuna Canal (WJC) for
Haryana, UP,Rajasthan and partly for Delhi. Whatever flow appears at
Wazirabad, the intake works for Delhi Water Works, is out of regeneration of
sub surface drainage.

The Delhi Water Works was constructed at Chandrawal with a capacity of 1 MGD
/ 4.5 MLD in the year 1890 and the source of water supply was a row of wells
sunk along the river. Delhi's population then was 1.93 lakhs. After the Delhi
Darbar in 1911, Delhi witnessed an increase in population.

By the year 1912, the water demand had exceeded the capacity and recourse
was taken to drawing water directly from the river and this necessitated the
installation of settling tanks and slow sand filters. The population had risen to
2.33 lakhs and capacity of Water Works raised to 3.3 MGD / 15 MLD.

In the year 1921, a raw water pumping station was established at Wazirabad
and the water was carried to Chandrawal for treatment, where the capacity
was raised to 7 MGD / 32 MLD, the population served was 3.04 lakhs. Since
then, the capacity of the water works has been gradually increasing in stages
and stood at 35 MGD / 159 MLD by 1948.

Consequent upon signing of Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan in
1960; to tide over scarcity of water, the Govt. of Punjab allocated 150 MCM /
0.119 MAF of water to Delhi out of Ravi-Beas waters from Bhakra-Nangal

1
River Yamuna owes River Yamuna owes its origin to Yamunotri glacier of lower Himalayas and enters the plains at
Dakpathar (Dehradun) in Uttranchal

8-2

storages and this was further raised to 245 MCM / 0.2 MAF in 1976. The
Western Jamuna Canal was remodelled and lined to enable Delhi to establish
Water Treatment Plant(s), [WTPs] in North West Delhi (at Haiderpur) and thus a
second source of surface water came into existence in addition to river Yamuna
at Wazirabad. By 1981, whereas the population had shot upto 62.22 lakhs, the
production capacity had risen to 1378.7 MLD / 303 MGD. (Refer Annex 8.1)

Box 1 - Share in Yamuna Water
As per MOU on sharing of Yamuna waters between Haryana, UP, Rajasthan & NCTD
signed on 12.05.1994, share is 0.724 BCM (consumptive). This is subject to
construction of Renuka dam, Kishau dam, Lakhwar Vyasi Project, etc. To meet future
water requirements it is necessary to initiate these works on Top Priority

Seasonal allocation
July to Oct : 0.580 BCM (1926 cusec)
Nov to Feb : 0.068 BCM (231 cusec)
Mar to June : 0.076 BCM (255 cusec)
Total : 0.724 BCM (808 cusec)

Provided further the said interim allocation shall get progress modified as storages
are constructed, the final allocations as indicated in para 7 of MoU.

Separate agreement will be executed in respect of each identified storage within the
framework of over all allocation made under the agreement

8.3 PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Sources of Water

River Yamuna, Western Jamuna Canal (a carrier of Yamuna waters as also
Bhakra waters) and the Upper Ganga Canal, are surface water sources for Delhi.
Around 446 tube wells drilled in Yamuna bed and areas within city to meet the
water requirement.

Treatment System

DJB is equipped to treat 790 MGD of
water inclusive of about 100 MGD of
ground water abstraction. However
the actual production is 735 MGD,
with a short fall of 990 - 735 = 255
MGD at production point.

Table 8.1 presents the water
treatment capacity indicating source
of raw water.

Table 8.1: Treatment Capacity indicating Source of Raw Water

Source of Raw Water Name of Water Treatment
Plant
Installed
Capacity
MGD
Production by
Optimisation
MGD
River Yamuna Chandrawal I &II 90 105

8-3

Source of Raw Water Name of Water Treatment
Plant
Installed
Capacity
MGD
Production by
Optimisation
MGD
River Yamuna Wazirabad I II & III 120 124
Bhakra storage /
Yamuna
Haiderpur I & II 200 210
Bhakra storage Nangloi 40
2
21
River Yamuna Bawana 20
2
Nil
Upper Ganga Canal Bhagirathi 100 110
Upper Ganga Canal Sonia Vihar 140 65
3

Ground Water Ranney Wells & Tube wells 100 100
Total 790 735

2
Water to these plants will be available on completion of Construction of Parallel WJC out of savings from en - route
seepage losses, the work is in progress.

3
A 140 MGD Water Treatment Plant, Sonia Vihar, has been constructed for treatment of Ganga water (stored in Tehri
dam), through Upper Ganga Canal and drawn at Muradnagar. Initially 65 MGD of water has been released from the
plant, on 8
th
August 2006 and the quantity of supply will be increased in phases.
Figure 8.1 Water Treatment Plants in Delhi & Sources of Raw Water

8-4

Transmission and Distribution System

By and large water supply system is through piped water network in urban area,
hand pumps and private motorised wells / tubewells, and in areas without
planned water supply, through tankers. Details are presented in Table 8.2

Table 8.2: Transmission and distribution network in Delhi

S. No. Item

During 2001 As on 01.04.2005
1. Length of Water mains(kms) 8363 More than 9,000
2. No. of Water connections 13,33,833 About 15.52 lakhs
3. No. of Water Stand Posts
(Public Water hydrants)
11,533
4. No. of Water Tankers

493 1100 as per revised
budget estimate 2005-06
5. No. of Private Tube wells 2,00,000
(Estimated)

6. Capacity of Exiting
Underground Reservoirs
175 MG
corresponding to 6-
7 hours of
production
Proposed to build 35 %
of average demand as
storage capacity.

Availability of water is 2 to 3 hrs in general and in some areas (mostly in North
Delhi) directly on line, 24 hrs indicating inequitable distribution of water in
different parts of Delhi.

Figure 8.3 In-equality of Water Supply in different parts of the city
Source: Delhi 1999 A Fact Sheet NCRPB


8-5

(a) Water Supply to JJ / Slum Clusters

Around 20 lakh people are settled in
JJ cluster with water requirement of
270 MLD. Water supply is provided
through public water hydrants,
tankers and hand pumps. So far Slum
& JJ Deptt. had undertaken four
Projects of in-situ up gradation of JJ
Clusters as at Ekta Vihar (414
families), Proyog Vihar (260
families), Shanti Vihar (113 families)
and Shahbad Daulat Pur (4800
families)

DJB is able to meet around 60-65% of
the water requirement of slum dwellers. The other sources such as hand pumps,
tankers and water trolley contributes to 25-30% of water demand.

Unaccounted for Water

Unaccounted for water is in the range of 40 - 45 %. Water losses through
unaccounted flow comprises of (i) Unbilled Un-metered Consumption @2%, (ii)
Leakage in Transmission mains @ 16% and (iii) Leakages in Distribution mains @
24%.

Thus in reality, 58% of water produced ( 58% of 735 = 426 MGD ) is available for
meeting water requirements leading to water shortages in tail end areas and
inequitable distribution of water. This is one reason why people have to resort
to high abstraction of ground water.

Authorised Consumption is thus @ 58% as per breakup

(i) Billed Meter Consumption i/c water supply in bulk @ 13%

(ii) Billed unmetered consumption @ 37%

(iii) Unbilled Unmetered Consumption @ 8%

However Non Revenue Water is 42% + 8% = 50%

* [Source: World Bank funded Study report by Pricewater House Coopers]

8.4 WATER PRICING AND RECOVERY

The annual water supplied to MCD, NDMC and DCB was 10,34,384 ML, 43,059 ML
and 12,808 ML respectively in 2002-03. The amount received from these
departments is Rs. 3785 million. Table 8.3 shows the details of water supplied
and cost recovered from various bodies. The details of water pricing are
presented in Annex 8.2.


8-6

Table 8.3: Transmission and distribution network in Delhi

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Average
Quantity (ML) 974658 1021508 1034384 1010183
MCD Area
Value (Million) 2732.13 3671.02 4351.20 3584.78
Quantity (ML) 44631 44551 43059 44080
NDMC
Value (Million) 124.23 159.21 180.42 154.62
Quantity (ML) 13084 13041 12808 12978
DCB
Value (Million) 36.42 46.60 53.67 45.56
Quantity (ML) 1032373 1079100 1090251 1067241
TOTAL
Value (Million) 2893 3877 4585 3785

8.5 ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND

The water requirement of Delhi is 1,104 GPCD against the production of 783
GPCD. The excess demand of water is met through 2 lakh private tubewells
drilled by owner in their premises. The total demand for 2021 is 1840 GPCD. In
order to meet the future demand DDA in the draft Master Plan for Delhi 2021
has split the water requirement in two parts Potable and Non Potable as 35 &
45 GPCD respectively, with the proviso that In the existing areas till the
arrangement of non potable water is made, potable water shall be supplied. For
urban extensions and areas under development schemes, these norms are
recommended with necessary provisions (Refer Table 8.4 & Annex 8.3).

Table 8.4: Estimation of Water Demand as per DDA and DJB norms

Water Demand (Treated) *
MGD
Year Type Population
(lakhs)
As per DJB
@60 GPCD
As per DDA **
@80 GPCD
2001 Census 137.8 828 1104
2006 Anticipated 165.0 990 1320
2011 Projected 190.0 1140 1520
2021 Projected 230.0 1380 1840
* The raw water requirements will be 110% of the figures shown above.

8.6 AUGMENTATION SCHEMES FOR WATER SUPPLY

1. Recycling of waste water of existing Water Treatment Plants: Delhi Jal
Board will be able to recycle the waste water of Haiderpur, Wazirabad,
and Bhagirathi Water Treatment Plants by which addition in the capacity
by 37 MGD will be achieved.

2. Schemes of setting up new WTPs of 20 MGD at Okhla and 40 MGD at
Dwarka are proposed to be taken up subject to availability of raw water.

3. Boring of 110 tube wells along with re-boring of 446 is proposed.

4. In addition to 100 tubewells bored in the flood plains of river Yamuna,
30 tubewells are proposed to be bored.

5. Installation of 625 deep bore handpumps.


8-7

On completion of augmentation works, the DJB will be equipped to produce 919
MGD of water as per details below:

S. No. Water Treatment Plants Capacity 2006
MGD
Capacity 2011 /
2021 MGD
1. Wazirabad I II & III 120 130
2. Chandrawal I & II 90 100
3. Haiderpur I & II 200 216
4. Bhagirathi 100 110
5. Dwarka -- 40
6. Sonia Vihar 65 140
7. Nangloi 40 40
8. Bawana -- 20
9. Okhla -- 20
10. Ranney wells & Tubewells 100 91
11. Ranney wells for Okhla 12
12. Total 715 919

The estimated demand @ 60 GPCD for a population of 190 lakhs will be 1140 by
2011. Thus there will be a shortfall of 1140 - 919 = 221 MGD.

The estimated demand @ 60 GPCD for a population of 230 lakhs will be 1380 by
2021. Thus there will be a shortfall of 1380 919 = 461 MGD.

8.7 WATER QUALITY

Although water quality of Yamuna water up stream of Wazirabad Barrage is
good for drinking after conventional treatment, but on account of periodical
discharge of industrial effluents, presence of iron is noticed in the ground water
abstracted from Ranney wells & tube wells etc. north of Wazirabad Barrage at
Palla. A 31 MGD Iron removal plant is proposed to be installed for removal of
iron in the first phase.

Presence of ammonia due to pollutants released in the river and WJC, is
noticed and the WTPs had to be temporarily closed. This situation needs to be
controlled. Iron and ammonia is observed in Ranney well waters going to Okhla
WTP requiring establishment of iron removal plant and ammonia stripping
plant. Flouride is noticed in some of the tubewells of South Delhi and is a
matter of concern.

DJB has a number of laboratories to check the quality of water, both from the
WTPs as also from the distribution system. The quality of treated water meets
standards set by the MoUD.

8.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

DJB has taken up rain water harvesting in its own buildings and rainwater
harvesting structures have been provided in 190 installations of the board
covering an area of 9.15 lakh sq.m. These structures will successfully recharge
ground water aquifers by harvesting 5.10 lakh cubic meters approx of rain
water.

Certain important precautions need to be taken that roof top rain water after
the first 3 showers is drained out and only clear water run off is allowed to go
to the underground strata, else there is a danger of ground water pollution.

8-8

This calls for extensive education to the people, and undertaking inspections.

8.9 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC)

NDMC population as per census 2001 is 1,71,806. The NDMC receives 115 to 120
MLD water in bulk through 19 bulk meters (as on date 8 meters are reported to
be non functional) from the DJB and draws 18 to 20 MLD of groundwater drawn
from 137 tube wells (effective No. 122) to supplement water supply in its area
having 352 km length of water mains (4 inches to 42 inches in diameter) and
operates 23 UGR & BPS. The distribution system is maintained by the NDMC.

8.10 DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD (DCB)

MES is the main agency to receive water for the Delhi Cantt Board.

Area covered is whole of Delhi Cantt including S P Marg area, Mahipalpur area
and Shankar Vihar but excluding Naraina Village.

Population of cantt : 2006 - 1,51,605
2011 - 1,63,000

Total water requirement : 2006 - 13 MGD
2011 - 15 MGD

Water is being received from DJB at two Nodal Points from Palam Reservoir
and Inderpuri Reservoir.

Water being received is 100% metered

Present storage available is 15 MG in UG sumps and OH tanks.

There are 55 booster pumping stations.

Length of water mains is apprx 375 kms

Water is being metered in the distribution side at the pump houses for bulk
consumers but not at individual houses. Flat rate is being charged from
individuals varying with type of accommodation.

Ground Water is being extracted to the tune of 3.5 MGD and the same is
being chlorinated and mixed with the DJB water to meet our present
requirement.

Quality in general is potable but in some pockets it is brackish.

Distribution losses are very less may be 5%.

For Bulk consumers rate of Rs 6.50 per KL is charged.
[Source Garrision Engineer, MES]

Delhi Cantt Bd maintains 21 Tube wells, 7 Over Head Tanks (OHTs) 9
Underground Reservoirs (UGRs), & 21 Booster Pumping Stations. For Naraina
Village DCB receives 0.9 MGD of water from Naraina Reservoir.[ As per DJB]

8-9

Thus 7.8 + 3.5 + 0.9 = 12.2 plus water abstracted from 21 tube wells by DCB
MGD of water supply is utilised for a population of 1,51,605 in the year
2006, i.e. an average of 80 GPCD / 365 LPCD approx.

8.11 SPECIAL PROVISIONS Relating to NDMC, DCB and MES (In brief)

The DJB shall be bound to supply water to the NDMC and DCB, MES at the place
or places act, which immediately before the commencement of the DJB Act,
the Delhi Water Supply & Swerage Disposal undertaking of the MCD used to
supply water in bulk.

Provided that the quantity of water supply shall not be less than the quantity
supplied before commence of the Act.

The board shall be bound to receive in bulk all sewerage from these bodies for
treatment and disposal

8.12 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION

1. There is urgent need to invoke Interstate agreement for construction
of Storage Reservoirs / dams in the Upper reaches of River Yamuna,
like Kishau, Dadhau, Lakhwar Vyasi etc., though identified years before
and incorporated in the MOU for sharing of Yamuna waters, have yet to
be decided for construction.

This is important since the existing capacity is inadequate to meet
the present water requirements.

2. To expedite construction of Parallel WJC and with the consent of
Haryana to draw water for the constructed WTPs at Bawana and Nangloi
(remaining 20 MGD). This will also improve availability of raw water at
Wazirabad Barrage after linking WJC with the river.

3. The output of the WTPs is based on the designed capacity. These plants
have been progressively constructed over the last 50 years or more and
there is a need to correctly assess the output of each of the WTPs.

4. Losses in treatment of water at the WTPs have been considered by the
DJB at 8% as per CPHHEO manual, however actual losses need to be
ascertained.

5. As per studies carried out by the Consultants, 16% leakage is in
Transmission mains and another 24% leakages in the distribution mains,
totaling to 40%. This is a considerably high rate of loss and needs to be
brought down to 15% as suggested in the Manual of Water Supply &
Treatment issued by the CPHHEO, MoUD, Govt. of India.

6. The water supply is intermittent and leads to avoidable wastage, besides
posing risk to health.

7. There is in equitability in water supply and calls for rationalisation of
water supply.


8-10

8. The successive Master plan documents have been emphasizing on
dispersal of population, however MPD 2021 aims at a prospective
population of 23 million. Either the Infrastructure facility should be
available as per or in excess of requirement or the future population
needs REVIEW for being toned down in accordance with availability of
Infrastructure services.

9. Though rain water harvesting is the need of the hour, utmost care and
precaution is the necessity to ensure that the ground water is not
polluted. This calls for extensive training in provision and more so in
operation of such structures besides effective monitoring.

10. Water pricing / tariff structure needs to be self sustainable and atleast
meet O&M costs in full. A tariff regulatory commission may be set up so
that the tariff set by the DJB are accepted by the people.

11. Uninterrupted power supply with stable voltage is a necessity for proper
& smooth operation of WTPs & Booster pumping stations.

12. Years before (In 1967), during the tenure of Dr K.L.Rao, Union Minister
for Irrigation & Power, a proposal was considered to establish an
impounded reservoir in the Aravali hills of Dhauj & Kot near Faridabad
to store the flood waters of river Yamuna and set up a 100 MGD WTP to
meet water requirements of South Delhi. This was not steered through
on account of Geological considerations. This can be reexamined using
the latest techniques of engineering & geology and if through, people of
South Delhi & Faridabad could be benefited and the storage could be
established as a joint venture of the Govts of Delhi & Haryana.


8-11

ANNEX 8.1

CHANGE IN INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN WATER SUPPLY

Delhi Jal Board - With the enactment of the Delhi water Board Act 1998, all functions
and responsibilities of the DWS & SDU were assumed by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). As of
now Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is responsible for procurement of raw water, treatment and
supply to the three constituents and responsible for distribution of water supply and
related works in MCD area. DJB is also responsible to collect, transmit, treatment and
disposal of waste water from the three constituents and for operation & maintenance
of sewer system within the MCD area.

The Delhi Joint Water & Sewerage Board - The Delhi Joint Water and Sewerage Board
came into existence in the year 1926 and was responsible for operation and
maintenance of Delhi Water Works and supplying water in bulk to the FIVE local bodies
in Delhi,which in turn supplied water in their respective areas.

Post Independence Scenario - India attained independence from the British rule on
the 15
th
August 1947. Consequent upon partition of the country, there was a
tremendous influx of people to Delhi, raising its population of 9.18 lakhs in 1941 to
17.44 lakhs in 1951. This called for substantial augmentation of water supply, which
was raised from 35 MGD /159 MLD in 1948 to 60 MGD / 272 MLD in 1955.

Jaundice Epidemic & Construction of Wazirabad Barrage - Delhi witnessed a jaundice
epidemic in November 1955. On the recommendation of the Jaundice Enquiry
Committee, a barrage was constructed across the river Yamuna and completed in
1959. While the barrage created pondage to enable withdrawal of water from the
river, it also facilitated in keeping the river course towards the right bank.

The Delhi Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Undertaking (DWS & SDU) - With the
creation of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) in 1958 by an act of Parliament,
numerous local bodies became a part of the MCD, except the New Delhi Municipal
Committee and the Cantonment Board. The Delhi Joint Water & Sewerage Board
became an undertaking of the MCD and was named as The Delhi Water Supply &
Sewage Disposal Undertaking (DWS & SDU) having the responsibility to procure , treat
and transmit water for the entire Union Territory of Delhi and to distribute water in
the MCD area. With an ever increasing population, growing at an alarming rate of
approximately 5% per annum, water shortage started being felt inspite of raising the
treatment capacity to 97 MGD / 440 MLD by 1961 for a population of 26.44 lakhs.

Contamination of Water Supply of Delhi in 1964 - Contamination of the Delhi Water
Supply occurred in September 1964 and the causes of contamination were enquired by
the Committee constituted by the Ministry of Health, Govt. of India under the
Chairmanship of Shri P. S. Naskar, Union Deputy Minister of Health. The Committee
also went into recommending short term and long term remedial measures.

An important recommendation needs to be undertaken related to Unit Rate of Water
supply @ 50 GPCD / 225 LPCD for domestic needs and a separate provision needs to be
made for water demand for Industries and Gardening needs. The report also identified
future sources of water supply to meet growing water requirements of Delhi till 2001.
These sources were Bhakra reservoir, Ramganga project, and dams on river Yamuna
and its tributaries such as Kishau dam.

The water requirements for a projected population of 100 lakhs by 2001 AD were

8-12

estimated at 766 MGD (3468 MLD) at an overall per capita rate of water supply of 76
GPCD / 345 LPCD.

There was extensive development and construction of housing in the Trans Yamuna
area, South Delhi, and South West Delhi which called for identifying additional sources
of water supply. Under an agreement with the Govt of UP, a 100 MGD /455 MLD
Bhagirathi Water Treatment plant was established in Trans Yamuna area in 1984,
drawing raw water from the Upper Ganga Canal through a closed conduit.


8-13

ANNEX 8.2

TYPE AND RATES OF WATER TARIFF IN DELHI

Water tariff is in two parts: Service charges / fixed access charges based built-up area
per month per connection; Volumetric water consumption charges

(a) Service charges / Fixed Access charges based on built up area per month per
connection:

Categories Service Charges

Category -1(A) JJ & Resettlement colonies / Rural Areas / Janta
Flats / LIG / MIG / HIG / Single Room Tenements / Type I / II /
III / IV Govt. Quarters and other houses having built up area upto
200 sq. mts only; and Religious places / Dharamshalas /
Cremation grounds / orphanages / Homes for destitute / Piaos /
Institutes for Physically handicapped & Mentally retarded
persons. Hostels & Educational Institutes / Attached Hostels /
Working Women's Hostels irrespective of built up area.

@ Rs 40.00 per month
per connection (M)
Category - 1(B) Residential Premises having built up area above
200 sq mts area

Rs. 120.00 per month per
water connection
Category II Non domestic Premises Rs. 250.00 per month

Category III Non domestic Premises Rs 600.00 per month

(b) Volumetric Water Consumption Charges:

Category I Category II Category III
Upto 6 KL 0.0 Upto 25 KL 10.0 Upto 25 KL 15.0
7 to 20 KL 2.0 25 to 50 KL 20.0 25 to 50 KL 25.0
21 to 30 KL 7.0 Above 50 KL 30.0 50 to 100 KL 35.0
Above 30 KL 10.0 Above 100 KL 50.0

Water charges based on actual consumption and to be calculated as 1.5 B X. Hence the
bill will be calculated as follows: -

P = M + 1.5 B X

Where, M = Service Charges (Rs)

B = Block tariff rate per KL (Rs per KL)

X = Units consumed in Kls (Number)

Volumetric consumption for JJ colonies / Rural Areas will be based on an assumption
of 10 KLs consumption per household per month till the time metering in these areas is
not accomplished. The consumers in such colonies and rural areas shall also pay the
Service Charges. 50% of water consumption charges are towards sewerage
maintenance. In addition, Water Cess Charges shall continue to be recovered at the
previous rate of 2 paise per KL till revised by the Central Government / DJB.

Meter maintenance (rent) charge @ Rs 10.00 PM in case of DJB supplied meters after
expiry of warranty period.

8-14

In the context of Multistoried houses or a number of housing units in the same plot
area, it is clarified that the service charges will be levied as per covered / built up
area on each connection sanctioned and for each respective premise in a multistoried
complex, on the built up area of each unit having independent connection. Service
charge with regard to bulk water connection (excluding NDMC, MES etc.) including
Group Housing societies shall be levied for each of the constituent units.

DJB employees, residing either in DJB allotted staff quarter or other than DJB
accommodation, shall be billed as per the approved water tariff, as in the case of any
other consumer. However, as a welfare measure, a concession of 50% on flat rate basis
against the total amount of bill will be allowed subject to the condition that the water
connection is in the name of employee and water is used for domestic use only.

Till such time water meters are installed in the DJB allotted accommodation. The rate
of provisional billing will be as under subject to review on the basis of actual
consumption as recorded by the installed meter;

Type of accommodation Provisional average per month

Type I/ II / III 10 KL
Type IV /V 20 KL

Classification of Consumer Categories

Usage of water will be of three categories for billing for various purposes.

Category I Domestic
Category II Non Domestic
Category III Non Domestic like Hotels with lodging facilities, Industrial Units, AC
restaurants, banquet halls, Cinema Halls etc.

If more than 30% of the floor area of premises is used for non domestic purposes, the
entire premises will be treated as Category II or III (as the case may be). In case of any
dispute, the decision of Director of Revenue shall be final and binding.

In case of such mixed land use premises, if there are separate water connections
installed for different uses, the bill will be raised accordingly.

The Estimated Bulk Issue rate of Water for 2006 - 2007 is Rs. 6.01
DJB will introduce a new scheme for new water connection towards composite services
in laying MDPE pipe line etc at the door step of the consumer at the following rates;

Category Charges per connection

I Rs 2500
II Rs 4000
III Rs 6000
In case of category I, the prospective consumer may opt for payment of connection
charges in four quarterly installments.

8-15

ANNEX 8.3

MASTER PLAN FOR DELHI PERSPECTIVE 2001 (MPD-2001)

MPD 2001 was published in the Gazette of India vide notification dated 1
st
August
1990 and under Infrastructure: Physical dealt at length Water Supply. Requirement
of Water supply has been worked out at 80 GPCD / 363 LPCD with the following
breakup:

(i) Domestic

225
(ii) Industrial commercial and community requirement based on
45,000 liter / ha / day

47
(iii) Fire protection based on 1 % of total

4
(iv) Gardening based on 67,000 liter / ha / day

35
(v) For floating population and special users like embassies, big
hotels

52

With the provision that minimum water supply in any residential area should be 135
litres (30 gallons) per capita per day. The projected population by 2001 AD was 128
lakhs and thus estimated water requirement was 4660 MLD (1024 MGD). A perusal of
review note for Master Plan Delhi 1962, which forms Annexture VI to the MPD-2001
with special reference to water supply states The standard adopted by Master Plan,
50 gallons per capita per day for the city of Delhi as a whole was rather low, the
standard is being revised to 80 gallons per capita per day.

Estimation of Water Requirements by DJB

As per CPHHEO Manual, rate of domestic water supply for Metro
cities is 150 lpcd at consumers point, and allowing 15% losses in
distribution at production point

172 lpcd
Industrial, Commercial, Community needs @ 45000 liters / ha / day

47 lpcd
Special uses, embassies, floating population, hotels, airports,
railway stations etc.

52 lpcd
Fire protection @ 1 % of total demand

3 lpcd
Total 274 lpcd
Approx 60 GPCD

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 9 : City Sewerage System

9-1

CHAPTER - 9
CITY SEWERAGE SYSTEM

9.1 INTRODUCTION

80 % of water supply is returned as
waste water, as such 80% of 670
MGD by optimization in 2006 works
out to 536 MGD, however there is
considerable abstraction of ground
water to meet water requirements
by individual households.

Based on a study conducted in the
year 1999 to assess actual quantity
of sewage generated, it was
observed that as against 580 MGD
of planned water supply, the
observed sewage generation was
599 MGD.

The sewage generation in Delhi has been assessed at 719 MGD in 2005 (by the
CPCB - Feb 2005) as against planned water production of 670 MGD of water by
DJB indicating water usage of almost 900 MGD of water. With the partial
commissioning of Sonia Vihar Water Treatment Plant water supply is augmented
by about 65 MGD thus generating another 52 MGD of sewage. Thus in all fairness
sewage generation as on date appears to be in the vicinity of 719 + 80% of 65 =
52 + generation on account of additional ground water usage after CPCB report
= 800 MGD approximately. The present installed capacity of STPs is 512.6 MGD,
thus a wide gap of almost 300 MGD.

DJB is responsible for collection, transportation and treatment of sewage for
the entire NCTD, and operation & maintenance of system in MCD area.

9.2 SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEM

Sewerage facilities are provided through net work of sewers in planned
colonies, unauthorised / regularised colonies, urban villages and JJ
Resettlement colonies. As per present policy sewers are not provided in
unauthorised colonies and rural villages. Year-wise status of sewerage system
has been presented in Table 9.1

Table 9.1: Year-wise status of sewerage system

Head 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06
Trunk Sewer (Km) 130 132 135 140 143.6 147 150.54
Branch Sewer (Km) 4693 5653 5703 5844 5956 6000 6070
Unauthorized /
regularized colonies
567
366 402 427 458 482 493 506
Urban villages (135) 82 93 93 93 98 99 105
Source : Delhi Jal Board, Delhi


9-2

Sewer System has since been provided in all the 44 JJ resettlement colonies. It
was targeted to be provided in all unauthorized - regularised colonies and urban
villages by the end of 8
th
Five Year Plan (1992-97),work is yet to be executed in
a number of such areas on account of various considerations, as such sewage
generated from such areas finds access into storm water drains ultimately
discharging into the river (Refer Table 9.2).

Table 9.2: Status of Population Coverage in different sewerage zones

Population (Lakhs) S. No. Sewerage Zone
Served Not served
Total
1. Rithala 16.70 5.56 22.26
2. Coronation pillar 7.72 2.57 10.29
3. Keshopur 17.39 5.78 23.14
4. Trans Yamuna 20.99 6.99 27.98
5. Okhla 26.51 8.84 35.35
6. Total 89.24 29.74 119.02
Source : Delhi Jal Board, Delhi

9.2.1 Sewerage Facilities in Rural Villages

As per Census 2001, population of rural Delhi is 9,63,215 the waste water
1

generated is 97.5 MLD. Waste water generated has been provided partial on site
treatment by providing Septic tanks by individuals and in absence of such
facility waste water (sewage) has been flowing through surface drainage
system, resulting in pollution of river Yamuna
2
.

On account of partial treatment from some of the STPs and sewage flows from
un-sewered areas and overflows from existing sewer system into surface drains;
the river is rendered like an open sewer downstream of Wazirabad barrage till
Okhla barrage in Delhi segment of river, which is by far the most polluted
segment of the river.

9.2.2 Sanitation in Slum and JJ Cluster

About 520 Jansuvidha Complexes containing approx 17,282 w.c.seats and
approx 6093 baths provided. 203 Mobile Toilet Vans containing approx. 2842 WC
seats provided.

Non availability of NOCs from Land Owning agencies and constraint of space due
to over densification of JJ Clusterss are the major hurdles in provision of such
facilities in JJ Clusters (Refer Box 1)

Box 1 : Provision of Pay and Use Jansuvidha Complex in Slum / JJ Cluster
To curb the habit of mass defecation in open, Slum & JJ Department initiated for the
first time construction of Pay & Use Jansuvidha Complexes w.e.f. 1987 for the benefit
of slum/JJ dwellers by utilising the services of NGOs / Voluntary Organisations for
construction as well as management, operation and maintenance of services provided
therein. It has taken leadership in providing mobile toilet vans containing W.C. Seats
for provision of facilities where land pockets are not available in jhuggie clusters or in
the absence of facilities.

1
Water supply has been provided in rural villages. So far sewers were not provided in rural villages for want of
availability of a minimum 30 GPCD /135 lpcd of water supply.

2
DJB will conduct a detailed survey for providing sewerage services and its treatment facilities in rural villages for
which the work of carrying out techno-economic-feasibility study of 189 villages has been awarded to two cosultants on
31.3.2006.

9-3


NDMC population as per census 2001 is 1,71,806. The NDMC receives 115 to 120
MLD water in bulk through 19 bulk meters (as on date 8 meters are reported to
be non functional) from the DJB and draws 18 to 20 MLD of groundwater drawn
from 137 tube wells (effective No. 122) to supplement water supply in its area
having 352 km length of water mains (4 inches to 42 inches in diameter) and
operates 23 UGR & BPS. The distribution system is maintained by the NDMC.

80% of water supplied by DJB is considered as sewerage received from NDMC. In
effect 80% of ground water drawn from tube wells should also be considered.

Sewer system is in existence having a length of 350 km varying from 4 inches to
2100 mm in diameter. Sewer System including two Sewage Pumping Stations is
operated and maintained by NDMC. Brick sewers are old and settlements are
occasionally observed both on brick sewers as well as NP2 class RCC sewers.
Sewage is delivered to DJB for treatment.

9.4 DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD (DCB)

80% of water supplied (7.8 mgd average) is considered as sewerage received
from DCB. In effect 80% of ground water drawn from tube wells should also be
considered.

Sewerage is being disposed off in the central sewerage line along the station
road going to Keshopur STP.

9.5 SPECIAL PROVISIONS Relating to NDMC, DCB and MES (In brief)

The DJB shall be bound to supply water to the NDMC and DCB, MES at the place
or places act, which immediately before the commencement of the DJB Act,
the Delhi Water Supply & Swerage Disposal undertaking of the MCD used to
supply water in bulk.

Provided that the quantity of water supply shall not be less than the quantity
supplied before commence of the Act.

The board shall be bound to receive in bulk all sewerage from these bodies for
treatment and disposal

9.6 TREATMENT SYSTEM

About 65% population is covered by
sewerage system including on site
treatment by septic tanks, and sewage
generated from the remaining
population is going through a number
of surface drains into the river.

At present there are 17 Sewage
Treatment Plants (STPs), equipped to
treat 512.4 MGD of sewage capacities
varying from 2.2 MGD to 140 MGD.


9-4

Table 9.3 shows the Designed Capacity, Operational capacity and capacity for
enhancement of STPs by 2011 as proposed by DJB.

Table 9.3: Design & Operational Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plant

Name of STP Year of Commissioning
Capacity of
Plant
MGD
Operating
Capacity
Inflow as on
02.05.05
Additional
Capacity to
be created by
2011
MGD
1. Coronation pillar in 4 phases of 10 MGD 40.0 25.92 10.0
2. Delhi gate 1999 2.2 2.42 15.0
3. Ghitorni 5.0 -- --
4. Keshopur in 3 phases, I-12 MGD (1958),
II-20 MGD (1978), III-40 MGD (1988)
72.0 74.00 --
5. Kondli in 3 phases : I-10 MGD (1987), II-
25 MGD, (1999), III-10 MGD (1999)
45.0 36.08 45.08
6. Mehrauli 2003 5.0 1.25 --
7. Najafgarh 5.0 0.20 --
8. Nilothi 2002 40.0 5.00 30.0
9. Narela 10.0 0.50 40.0
10. Okhla in 5 phases 30 MGD plant
3
140.0 136.79 30.0
11. Papankalan( Dwarka ) 2002 20.0 9.00 20.0
12. Rithala in 2 phases of 40 MGD each
I 40 MGD in 1988
II 40 MGD in 2001 - 2003
80.0 39.81 30.0
13. Rohini sector 24 -25 partially in
2002
15.0 -- 40.0
14. Dr Sen Nursing Home Nala 1998 2.2 2.39 --
15. Timarpur Oxidation ponds 6.0 2.00 --
16. Yamuna Vihar in 2 phases
I 10 MGD 1998
II 10 MGD 2002
20.0 6.16 25.0
17. Vasant Kunj in 2 phases
I 2.2 MGD in 1988
II 3.0 MGD in 1998
5.2 3.89 --
18. Cantonment -- -- 8.0
TOTAL 512.6 345.61 293.0
Say 346 MGD
Proposed Capacity by the year 2011 512.6 + 293.0 = 805.6 MGD

The cumulative inflow of sewage at all the STPs is 345.41 MGD based on a study
conducted in May 2005 and continues to be same as of now (2006).

Treated sewage effluents by and large confirm to the standards set forth by DJB
as also to the consent conditions set by DPCC, BOD 20 mg/l and SS 30 mg/l;
except Keshopur STP.

3
18 MGD in 1937 + 12 MGD in 1991, 12 MGD plant: Prior filtration plant in 1954 changed to ASP in 1983, 45 MGD
plant : one primary clarifier, PST 1954 and 2 PSTs in 1963, 37 MGD plant : 2 PSTs of 11 MGD each in 1982 + 1 PST
of 15 MGD in 1991, Secondary treatment of 37 MGD in 1991, 16 MGD plant: in 1999

9-5

Keshopur STP is in urgent need of renovation and as of now does not treat
sewage to desired standards resulting in partially treated sewage going into
surface drains.

As of now 800 - 346 = 454 MGD of untreated sewage and another 72 to 74 MGD
of partially treated sewage, ie; 454 + 72 = 526 MGD sewage goes to the river
system through 19 outfall drains (16 directly into the river and 3 into Agra
canal).

Figure 9.1, 17 STPs river Yamuna and the various drains outfalling into the river

9.6.1 Type of Treatment

All the STPs are designed on Activated Sludge Process, except (a) 10 MGD STP at
Coronation STP with Bio filters, (b) 2.2 MGD STPs each at Delhi Gate and Dr Sen
Nursing Home nalla with high rate Bio filters / Densadeg Technology, (c)
Mehrauli, Najafgarh & Vasant kunj STPs with extended aeration and (d) 40 MGD
Rithala STP II with UASB technology (Refer Table 9.4)

Table 9.4: Growth of Water & Sewage Treatment Capacities in Delhi

Capacity of Treatment
Water Sewage
S.
No.
Year Population
MLD MGD MLD MGD
1. 1941 9.18 75 16.5 - -
2. 1951 17.54 190 42.0 82 18.0
3. 1961 26.58 349 77.0 254 56.0
4. 1971 40.66 785 173.0 440 97.0
5. 1981 62.22 1144 252.0 590 130.0
6. 1985 1561 344.0 690 152.0

9-6

7. 1987 1802 397.0 745 164.0
8. 1989 1857 409.0 835 184.0
9. 1991 93.70 2129 469.0 1135 250.0
10. 1994 2384 525.0 1271 280.0
11. 1997 2611 575.0 1271 280.0
12. 2001 137.80
13. 2006 165.00
(estimated)
3587 790.0 2327 512.6
Source: Delhi Jal Board, Delhi

From the above it is observed that the capacity of sewage treatment has not
kept pace with growth of water supply. Apparently due to meeting water
requirements of the growing population getting priority. The existing capacity
needs to be optimally utilized and steps taken to augment the same to meet
requirements by 2011 & 2021 complying with standards of treatment (Refer Box
2).

Box 2 : CPCB Observation on the Sewage in Delhi
CPCB observed that less than 50% of entire sewage of Delhi is being collected and
treated. Therefore to achieve the maximum removal of pollution load with the funds
available, it was recommended to make arrangements for treatment of the entire
sewage upto secondary level to achieve BOD <20 mg/l and SS <30 mg/l on priority
basis rather than treating part of sewage to tertiary level to achieve BOD,10 mg/l,
TSS<15 mg/l and FC<2500 MPN/100 ml while leaving significant part of sewage
untreated. Afterwards, when secondary treatment facility for at leat 90% of sewage is
installed, all the STPs need to be augmented with tertiary treatment facilities for
removal of FC to a standard 2500 MPN/100 ml so that the main objective of
maintaining quality of Yamuna River may be fulfilled.

9.7 DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The details of treated effluent utilisation are as presented below:

(i) Treated effluent supplied to CPWD for horticultural purposes in
Luytens Delhi from Okhla STP

20.0 MGD
(ii) Treated Effluent supplied to Pragati Power Plant from Dr Sen
Nursing Home nala and Delhi gate Nala STPs

4.0 MGD
(iii) Treated Effluent supplied to DDA for Japanese Park from
Rithala STP

8.0 MGD
(iv) Treated Effluent Supplied to Minor irrigation Deptt. from Okhla
STP (42 cusec),from keshopur STP (37 cusec), and from
Coronation STP(70 cusec); Total 149 cusec for irrigation
purposes

80.5 MGD
Total 109.5 MGD

Biogas : During 2004-2005, 1680 lakh cft of bio gas was generated from Okhla
which was supplied to residents having gas connections in adjacent colonies.
6325499 Kwh units of electricity were generated through bio gas engines at
Rithala STP II.

Sewage Sludge : 20,90,200 cft of sludge was lifted from different STPs.


9-7

9.8 SEWERAGE CHARGES AND COLLECTIONS

50% of water consumption charges are included in water bill on account of
sewer maintenance charges. Total collection in 2002-03 against sewage charges
are Rs. 2335 million. Rs. 100 is charged as sewer connection fees and Rs. 1,600
is charged against road restoration fees (Refer Table 9.5).

Table 9.5: Sewage collection Charges by DJB.

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Average
Quantity (ML) 779726 817206 827507 808146
MCD Area
Value (Million) 1366 1835 2175 1792
Quantity (ML) 35704 35640 34447 35264
NDMC
Value (Million) 84 101 122 103
Quantity (ML) 10467 10432 10246 10382
DCB
Value (Million) 24 29 36 30
TOTAL Quantity (ML) 825898 863280 872200 853793
Value (Million) 1475 1967 2334 1925

9.9 INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER

There are 28 planned Industrial estates in the NCTD generating an estimated 48
MGD / 218 MLD of waste water.

It has been decided to treat waste water from industries separately. As per
directions of the Hon Supreme Court of India 15 Combined Effluent Plants
(CETPs) were to be constructed as per design provided by the NEERI.**

Figure 9.2: 28 Industrial Estates

9-8

Figure 9.3: Planned CETPs to be provided in different parts of Delhi

10 CETPs have already been constructed, and are operational with a cumulative
treatment capacity of 30 MGD / 135.2 MLD

Table 9.6 shows the CETPs with their capacity and effluent available (inflow) as
on 22.07.2006.


9-9

Table 9.6: CETPs with their Capacity and Effluent

S. No. Name of CETP Capacity MLD Effluent available MLD
1 G. T. K. Road 6.0 3.0 4.0
2 Mangolpuri 2.4 1.0 1.6
3 Lawrance Road 12.0 2.0 3.0
4 Mayapuri 12.0 4.0 6.0
5 Nangloi 12.0 2.0 5.0
6 Badali 12.0 1.5 3.0
7 SMA 12.0 2.0 3.0
8 Okhla Industrial Area 24.0 2.0 4.0
9 Jhilmil 16.8 2.0 4.0
10 Wazirpur 24.0 4.0 16.0
Source: Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC)

These plants are to be operated and maintained by the associations of
industrial estates. Out of these 10 CETP's, 8 CETP's have been handed over to
respective societies and remaining will also be handed over.

One CETP is under construction at Nariana while the construction work of
remaining 4 CETP's has not been initiated as per the recommendation of EPCA.

Funding Pattern for Construction of the CETP's is as under:

1. CETPs societies 50%
2 Govt of Delhi 25%
3. Govt of India 25%

Delhi Government has agreed to bear the cost of conveyance system, land cost
& DVB cost.

9.10 PERFORMANCE OF CETP'S AT FULL DESIGN LOAD

A comprehensive performance evaluation of the CETPs of Delhi was taken up by
the CPCB in two phases from June 27
th
to July 6
th
and from August 25 to 28,
2005 to assess their capability for effective treatment at full capacity during
their operation.

A detailed report is included in the Performance Status of Common Effluent
Treatment Plants in India published by CPCB in January, 2006.

DSIDC is accountable to the Deptt of Industries, Govt of NCT of Delhi

9.11 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION

1. Whereas sewage generation is 719 MGD as per CPCB publication, Feb
2005, the cumulative inflow at the STPs is around 346 MGD only out of
which 72 MGD is partially treated at Keshopur STP. Thus in effect only
346 76 = 270 MGD of sewage is fully treated.

2. Present day generation of sewage is estimated at 800 MGD, as such 800
270 = 530 MGD of untreated sewage is polluting the river Yamuna.

3. Keshopur STP is in URGENT need of renovation and restoration of
designed capacity.

9-10

4. Owing to overflow from sewers into storm water drains (SWDs), there is
urgent need to segregate the sewage flow from entering into SWDs.

5. Govt. of NCT of Delhi may review the policy of laying sewers in un
authorised colonies as a matter of pollution abatement.

6. Process of laying sewers in unauthorized regularised colonies, urban
villages may be reviewed and impediments removed in completing the
remaining work. As many as 61 unauthorised regularised colonies and
30 urban villages are yet to be provided with sewerage system.

7. The trunk sewers are reported to be considerably silted, and need to be
desilted, repaired and renovated, where ever required, to restore their
capacity in a time bound manner.

8. Efficiency of STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations may be verified (as
many of them are several years old) to ascertain to actual quantity of
sewage pumped and reaching the STPs. Presently, inflows are based on
rated capacity of pumping.

9. There is need to generate power from the sewage gas obtained from the
sludge digestors to tide over power problems as also as a measure of
abatement of air pollution.

10. Utilisation of treated sewage effluents for gardening and agricultural
need may not only be explored but implemented as early as possible so
that irrigation demand is met from treated effluents.

11. The design capacity of CETPs needs to be optimally utilized and the
conveyance system needs to be checked for full capacity utilization.

12. A suitable methodology needs to be worked out for scientific disposal of
sludge (rich in chemicals, heavy metals etc.) From these CETPs.

13. Un-interrupted power supply and stable voltage at STPs and SPSs is a
necessity to maintain sewerage treatment pumping of sewerage.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 10 : Storm Water Drainage

10-1

CHAPTER - 10
STORM WATER DRAINAGE

10.1 INTRODUCTION

Storm water drainage of Delhi is a complex situation, owing to the combination
of a number of natural and man-made drainage systems five drainage basins,
large natural drains, storm water drains along the roads and combined sewer
cum storm water drains (sometimes as a bypass arrangement for blocked sewer
lines). However, most of the water collected through different drainage
systems finally get discharged into the river Yamuna. Historically it is said that
the drainage system of Old Delhi was largely developed by the Mughals whereas
of New Delhi by the British.

There are a number of basic problems with the drains of city. A majority of the
large drains are not lined. Also, there are a large number of mid-size drains
that are either unlined or have damaged lining. Often the construction debris in
the new drains is not cleared before commissioning and garbage is dumped on
the road sides which easily find their way into the adjacent drains. Even road
sweepings are pushed into the drains. The drain slabs are not repaired on time
leaving convenient openings for pushing garbage and trash matter, construction
debris etc. inside the drain. Open drains have become receptacles of garbage
till they are completely filled up, leading to overflowing of sullage and storm
water. As a result, in the rainy season the drains are unable to take the flow
and spill over, flooding the roads.

The drainage system in the slums is either absent or inadequate. In some areas
the levels of the road have gone up with repair and renovation or new roads
have been built. Even in some DDA colonies like Pitampura and Shalimar Bagh,
water logging persists even after repeated attempts to redress the situation.
Flooding of the roads and water logging of colonies, even with showers of
medium intensity, is quite common, leading to difficult living conditions,
inconvenience and traffic congestion.

Spread of diseases like malaria, filaria, dengue and annual recurrence of gastro-
enteric diseases is a testimony to the failed drainage system.

It appears that a comprehensive overview of the situation is lacking and only
piecemeal solutions have been attempted at different points of development of
the city. This is amply illustrated by the example in the following paragraph.

A number of drains discharging into
the Najafgarh drain and the Yamuna
River are being diverted to the
sewerage system with an intention of
treating the dirty water in the sewage
treatment plants and subsequently
reducing the pollution load of the
receiving water bodies, particularly
Yamuna. However, the diverted drains
(already completed ones) are actually
not functional either due to blockage

10-2

or settlement of the sewer lines or some other problems. These drains carry a
huge pollution load into the Yamuna (Table 10.3).

10.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The responsibility of construction and maintenance of the large drains (natural)
is with the Irrigation and Flood Control Department of the Delhi Government.
However disposal of the silt removed from these drains is the responsibility of
the respective Municipal Bodies, under whose jurisdiction the de-silting is done.
Delhi Jal Board looks after drains with more than 1000 cusec discharge. The
Public Works Department (Delhi Government) is responsible for the drains in
some identified areas. The three Local Bodies Municipal Corporation of Delhi,
New Delhi Municipal Council and Delhi Cantonment Board have the mandate to
look after the construction and maintenance (including de-silting) of the drains
in their respective areas, which are aligned with the roads.

The last Master Plan for storm water drainage of Delhi was prepared by the
Master Plan Organization set up by the Irrigation and Flood Control Department
during the period 1972-1976 (finalized in 1977). An Expert Committee was set
up by the Delhi Administration to give guidance to this activity. This Master Plan
took into account the urbanization limits up to the year 1981. However, while
according approval, the Committee of Experts suggested that a fresh review of
the drainage issues be taken while doing the Master Plan 2021.

Till date the Master Plan for storm water drainage of Delhi has not been
revised. Keeping in view the inadequacy of storm water drainage, particularly
in the unplanned (un-authorized or regularized) and some other colonies of the
city, which is highlighted during the rains every year, a revised master plan
needs to be prepared at the earliest. This master plan should consider
urbanization limits till 2021.

There is also a need to develop run-off norms for Delhi before making a new
plan. A Committee of Experts may be set up under the Chairmanship of Member
(RM), Central Water Commission (who has a fully equipped Hydrology
Directorate working under him), with Chief Engineers of all the Civic Agencies
to finalize the run-off norms and also the terms of reference for the
preparation of the revised master plan for storm water drainage in Delhi.

At the same time the extent of urbanization and industrialization have to be
ascertained from the various local authorities, such as, MCD, NDMC, DCB, DDA,
DSIDC, PWD, Irrigation and Flood department etc.

Proper disposal of storm water is one of the crucial components of urban
infrastructure services. In most part of the city, wherever low lying colonies
have been developed by the Civic Agencies, the responsibility of disposal of
storm water lies with the Municipal Corporation of Delhi. Pumping facilities are
required for such situations although non-availability of adequate space (about
1000 sq.m.) is a constraint and stagnation of water persists. Consequently, the
residents have to suffer. One way out would be to provide such space so that
the pumping facilities can be set up.

One of the fundamental issues normally neglected in our country is the
comprehensive design of roads, drains, sewers and other utility network like
water pipe, electric and communication cables etc. and their careful and

10-3

meticulous execution. Instead, the foundation as well as the surface of the
roads, are not proper leading to early damage due to movement and weather
conditions. Bad surface of the roads lead to more dust and debris during road
sweepings and also further damage to the surface. At least part of this dust and
debris get into the adjacent drains. At the same time suitable ducts / pipes
should be provided under the foot path to accommodate cables, pipes etc. so
that the road is not dug up time and again.

10.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE

Delhi, topography created a drainage system that carried rain and storm water
from the higher elevations of the West to the Yamuna, providing a natural
drainage. While the Eastern, low-lying side was originally a part of the flood
plain of the river and considered un-inhabitable due to frequent floods.
However, settlements in this area also began with the immigration after year
1947. Today, this Eastern wing which is also known as the Trans Yamuna area
houses about 20% of the total population of Delhi.

10.3.1 Natural Drainage System

The city has been divided into six drainage zones (i) Northern Zone, (ii) Western
Zone, (iii) Central North West and South East Zone, (iv) Central South and South
East Zone, (v) East Zone and (vi) South Zone. The length of natural drain in the
city is 350 km carrying discharge of 1000 m
3
. Table 10.1 presents the catchment
area of the natural drains in the city.

Table 10.1 Drainage Channels and Catchments for Delhi

S.
No.
Catchments Location Length of
main
drains
(km)
Drainage
channels
Discharge
(cumecs)
1 Alipur North 140 Supplementary
Bhiwana Escape

No. 6 drain
New Drain
141

33
2 Kanjhawala West 120 Mungeshpur 52
3 Najafgarh Central-North,
West and
South-West
105 Najafgarh
Palam

Bhupania-
Chudania (from
Haryana)
283
86

40
4 Khushak-
Barapulla
Central-South
and
South-East
Khushak and
Barapulla drains
(nallah)
120
5 Trans-
Yamuna
East 45 Shahdara outfall
Ghazipur

Trunk drain No. 1
158

86
6 Mehrauli South 5


10-4

10.3.2 Man-made drainage System

The total length of drains is 1700 kms spread over 12 municipal zones. There
are around 1300 drains with 339 km in Civil Lines Area and 5 kms in Paharganj
Sadar Area (Refer Table 10.2)

Table 10.2 : Existing Drains in Delhi under MCD

S. No. Zone Number of drains Total length of drains
(km)
1 Central 41 47
2 South 127 102
3 Sadar-Paharganj 10 4.5
4 Karolbagh 47 23
5 City Zone 10 8.6
6 Civil Lines 77 339
7 Shahadara South 174 134
8 Shahadara North 197 135
9 Narela 84 83
10 Rohini 142 180
11 West 185 410
12 Najafgarh 202 228
Total 1296 1694.1
Source: Nav Bharat Times, New Delhi, 31
st
July, 2006

Table 10.3 shows that the BOD level in four of
the ten drains is in the range of 100-200, in two
of the drains in the range of 200-300 and in
three out of ten drains above 300 mg/litre.
Thus in 90 % of these drains the discharge is
comparable to a range of weak to strong
domestic sewage.

Table 10.3: BOD load (TPD) contributed to
river Yamuna by different drains in Delhi
stretch

BOD load (TPD) S.
No.
Drain
Min Max Average
% BOD Load
Contribution
1. Najafgarh Drain 64.60 459.53 121.57 32.99
2. Magazine Road Drain 0.36 3.93 1.61 0.44
3. Sweepers Colony
Drain
0.07 1.76 0.73 0.20
4. Khyber Pass Drain 0.03 1.05 0.25 0.07
5. Metcalf House Drain 0.19 1.95 0.54 0.15
6. ISBT Drain 0.85 9.34 3.42 0.93
7. Tonga Stand Drain 0.25 8.16 1.50 0.41
8. Moat Drain 0.03 0.26 0.10 0.03
9. Civil Mill Drain 3.55 28.00 12.89 3.50
10. Delhi Gate Drain 4.58 25.41 10.61 2.88
11. Sen Nursing Home
Drain
8.50 66.65 28.17 7.64
12. Drain No. 12A 0.17 3.19 0.63 0.17
13. Drain No. 14 3.70 44.39 21.41 5.81

10-5

BOD load (TPD) S.
No.
Drain
Min Max Average
% BOD Load
Contribution
14. Barapulla Drain 0.06 103.20 14.30 3.88
15. Maharani Bagh Drain 8.75 60.51 23.99 6.51
16. Kalkaji Drain 0.05 1.71 0.49 0.13
17. Tehkhand Drain 0.38 2.77 1.43 0.39
18. Tughlaqabad Drain 0.23 1.71 0.68 0.18
19. Shahdara Drain 27.75 203.40 64.71 17.56
20. Sarita Vihar Drain 7.74 86.86 39.93 10.83
21. Drain at LPG Bottling
Plant
0.32 6.29 2.33 0.63
22. Drain near Sarita
Vihar Bridge
7.18 56.60 17.25 4.68
Total 139.34 1176.67 368.54 100
Source : CPCB Annual Report, 2001-02

10.4 ISSUES

For a fast growing mega city spread over 1483 square kilometers with built
areas, undulated and ridge areas, having multiple drainage basins and
finally holding a population of 14 millions, it is a very complex task to have
a detailed overview of the overall drainage situation and translate this into
a workable comprehensive drainage plan.

Detailed information regarding the topography of the whole city, invert
levels of all the natural and man-made drains, invert levels of the
corresponding sewer lines, information about linkage of underground sewer
drains and storm water drains would be required through a meticulous
survey.

The task becomes even more complicated due to the actual situation of
storm water drainage described above. Storm water drainage is meant to
carry storm water (rain water) and any other clean surface water. It is
fundamentally not suitable or designed for carrying sewage or industrial
waste water or even septic tank effluent. Even the effluent from the
sewage treatment plant can not be discharged into it unless it meets the
norms set by the BIS code and the Central Pollution Control Board.

Therefore one of the urgent tasks should be to make plans for diversion of
all waste water (both domestic and industrial) from surface drains.

Roads and drains need to be planned, designed and constructed together so
that there is a proper linkage between them and they serve the purpose of
not only drainage and collection of surface water on the roads but also
facilitate road sweeping and separate collection of solid waste.

Some of the drains are from the Mughal period and have heritage value.
These need to be revived in a suitable manner keeping in view their
historical content and their present context. These could, for example be
vehicles of ground water recharge through a green sheet of grass and shrubs
and a functional lined drain in the middle to carry the lean time discharge.


10-6

There should be strict instructions to the construction agencies to clear all
debris and construction material from within the drains before covering the
slabs. This is crucial for proper functioning of the drains.

For cleaning / desilting of major covered drains, 6 nos. of 'Super Sucker's
are recommended.

A report entitled 'Waste Water Management : South Delhi Greenway Project'
prepared by the IIT, Delhi has outlined an innovative way to rejuvenate the
natural drainage system for Barapulla drain through waste water treatment
and modification of the cross section of the drain. Similar projects should
be prepared for all the major drains mentioned at Table 10.3 above so that
the problem can be solved from the very root in a long term sustainable
way.

An appropriate 'Drainage Authority of NCT' should be created to deal with
all sewer, storm water and natural drains within the NCT area in a
comprehensive manner.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 11 : Review of Road Network
and Transport System
Chapter 11 Review of Road Network & Transport System

11-1

CHAPTER - 11
REVIEW OF ROAD NETWORK
AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi being the capital city is the center of
socio economic, cultural and political
activities of the country. The city also acts
as a major center of trade and commerce
and is the nodal point for five national
highways and intercity rail corridors,
carrying large volumes of heterogeneous
passenger and goods traffic. The national
highways and other major road network
carry intra city and intercity traffic
traversing to and from the different parts of
the country.

The transport system of Delhi consists of a
well-developed transport network system,
based on ring and radial pattern, large fleet
of buses (DTC & CNG) and a suburban rail
system including MRTS. The majority share
of travel needs of Delhi commuters is met
by road based transport systems.

There has been a major improvement in transport infrastructure in recent years
in terms of flyovers, road widening, new roads development and development
of metro rail corridors along major routes of travel in the city. Due to
continuous increase in population, employment opportunities and number of
vehicles, there is a constant increase in demand over the years; and
infrastructure has not grown in adequate proportions making the existing
network system function beyond its capacity. This has led to serious traffic
problems of congestion, delays, safety, pollution and system management.

The transportation system being multidisciplinary and multidimensional
requires integration and co-ordination amongst the various agencies. Multi
agency planning and implementation add to overall inefficiency due to
interagency interests and conflicts. The major activities and agencies involved
in this sector are presented in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1: Activities & Agencies in Transport Sector

S.No. Activities Agencies Involved
1. Construction & Maintenance
of roads, flyovers/ ROB
/RUB, Pedestrian subways
etc.
Delhi Development Authority
Public Works Department
New Delhi Municipal Committee
Delhi Cantonment Board
Irrigation & Flood Control Dept.
Delhi Tourism & Tpt. Dev. Corp.

11-2

S.No. Activities Agencies Involved

2. Protection of Right of Way
from encroachment
JJ & Slum Dept.
Delhi Police

3. Shifting & Rehabilitation of
services and structures from
footpaths and roads
Delhi Vidyut Board
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd.
Delhi Police
Delhi Jal Board
Gas Authority of India Limited
Irrigation & Flood Control Dept.

4. Detailed Planning for Road
& Infrastructure Dept.
Ministry of Urban Development
Delhi Transport Corporation
Delhi Urban Arts Commission
Indian Railways
Trans Yamuna Dev. Board

5. Regulation and control of
mss transport system
State Transport Authority
Indian Railways
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Delhi Transport Corporation
Inland Waterways Authority of India
Delhi Multimodal Integrated Transport Systems
Ltd.

6. Control of ribbon
development
Ministry of Urban Development
Land and Building Dept. GNCTD
Transport Authority
Ministry of Road & Transport

The main agencies involved in managing the transport sector are

State Transport Authority --- registration of vehicles, routing of public
transport services
P.W.D., M.C.D. --- Construction and maintenance of roads,
D.T.C. operating public bus transport system,
D.D.A. --- Construction of roads in newly planned areas
N.H.A.I. --- Construction and maintenance of National Highways
D.M.R.C. is responsible for Metro Rail

11-3

Delhi Integrated Multimodal Transport system limited (DIMTS), a new
agency, has been created for management of new public transport
systems in the city of Delhi with a budget of 150 crore
1
. However, the
scope of this agency is limited to mass transport systems in Delhi ---
there is an urgent need for Delhi Unified Metropolitan Transport
Authority whose scope can even be extended to DMA and NCR towns for
coordination and implementation of projects and priorities. Until such
an agency/authority is established a policy level committee may be set
up involving various agencies.

11.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS TRANSPORT NETWORKS

Delhi is predominantly dependant on road based transport systems as the
railways caters to only about 1% of local traffic demand. The poly-nucleated
urban structure of Delhi has a hierarchical system of commercial and shopping
centers besides well-distributed industrial areas. Widespread distribution of
employment centers all over the urban space of Delhi has contained the growth
in length of trips. The residential areas are located around the economic
activities. The shorter trip lengths and inadequate public transport system has
fueled the growth of private modes of travel at a rapid rate in the city.

Transport network of Delhi consists of road network and rail network catering
to intra city and inter city movement of traffic. The freight traffic is also
substantial as Delhi acts as collection and distribution center.

11.2.1 Road Network

The road network in Delhi is being
developed and maintained by NHAI,
DDA, PWD, MCD, NDMC and Delhi
cantonment Board. There are nine
major inter urban corridors catering
to major intercity traffic. These are
NH1, NH2, NH8, NH10, NH24, NH24
BYPASS, NH58, NH57 and Loni road (SH) connecting Delhi to DMA & NCR Towns
and to the rest of the country. In addition, traffic enters the city through other
arterials and sub arterials roads at more than forty locations.

The road network in Delhi was 28,500 Km. in March 2001
2
. The road network
has increased from 8380 Km. in 1971-72 to 28,500 Km. in 2001 (three times).
The road network can be categorized into four types i.e. Arterial roads, sub
arterial roads, minor arterial roads and collector roads. About 1100 Km. of road
length are provided with right of way 30 m and above, while another 1000 Km.
form the major links carrying the traffic in Delhi. Road network accounts for
about 21% of the total area, which is above average of 12 to 15 % for urban
areas. This translates into a road density of 19.2 Km. per Sq. Km (for 1483 sq.
kms); and 38 kms per Sq. Km, considering the current urban area of 750 sq.
kms. Being already on the high side, this limits the potential for increase in
road length.

1
For the construction and implementation of one corridor of the High Capacity Bus System
2
Data presented in this section has been extracted from secondary sources. The latest data available at the
overall city level has been used (source and year have been mentioned ).


11-4

The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as focal point
with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram
Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH-8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T.Road (
NH1 ), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials whereas
Mahatma Gandhi Road ( Ring Road ), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road
forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major
arterials carrying bulk of traffic in the city.

The expansion of the road network and the growth of vehicular traffic in Delhi
has resulted in the installation of traffic signals at short distances. There are
more than 700 signalized intersections located all over Delhi to control traffic
operations and ensure smooth flow of traffic. These signalized intersections
have led to excessive time and fuel consumption for all vehicular trips. The
Delhi Traffic Police has introduced Area Traffic Control (ATC) System in Central
Delhi covering about 48 intersections to provide real time green phases to cater
to changing traffic needs.

To provide uninterrupted movement of traffic, a special program to construct
flyovers was initiated in Delhi. During the 9th five-year plan, 11
flyovers/ROB/Grade separators were constructed in Delhi by various agencies
(PWD, DDA, DTTDC and MCD). This program of construction of flyovers has been
continuing in the 10th Five Year Plan and 10 flyovers were constructed and 12
flyovers are under construction at various locations in Delhi. However, the
absence of right turning loops at many of the flyovers are causing enormous
delays for right turning traffic.

REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY

Existing road network for connectivity of Delhi with rest of the region is a four
lane or six lane divided carreiageway. NHAI is converting the road connecting
Delhi to Gurgaon into an eight-lane Toll expressway that is of 28 Km. length (18
Km. in Haryana and 10 Km. in Delhi). The project is being constructed on BOT
basis. DMA towns of Faridabad, Rohtak, Sonepat, Gaziabad, NOIDA are well
connected with Delhi having multiple road linkages. To reduce the load of
intercity traffic through in nature and for speedy interaction between NCR
towns and Delhi new ring road / peripheral road projects are under process of
implementation as follows :

i) Faridabad NOIDA Gaziabad This is an Eastern Peripheral Expressway
with a total length of 106 Km. and is being implemented by formation of
SPV between NCRPB,MOUD,ILFS and state Govt. of Haryana,U.P.and
Delhi.

ii) Palwal Manesar - Kundli This is Western Peripheral Expressway and is
being implemented by NHAI connecting NH 1, 8 and 10.


11-5

Figure 11.1 : Road Network Map of Delhi
11.2.2 Rail Network

The rail network consists of both
broad gauge and meter gauge
railway lines. Delhi is a major
junction on the rail map of India
linked with all the metropolitan
cities directly Delhi is connected
by 8 radial lines extending to
suburban areas spreading to
states of U.P. and Haryana. These
radials are:

a) Delhi Gaziabad Khurja
b) Delhi Gaziabad Hapur
c) Delhi Gaziabad Meerut
d) Delhi Shahadra Shamli
e) Delhi Sonepat Panipat
f) Delhi Nangloi Rohtak
g) Delhi Gurgaon Rewari
h) Delhi Nizamuddin Okhla Palwal.

The rail network has two specifically identified lines known as the Goods
Avoiding Lines (GAL) and Delhi Avoiding Lines (DAL) forming a ring in the city
and ring rail system in Delhi. The GAL provides a direct entry from Gaziabad to
New Delhi bypassing the congested Delhi Railway Station Complex. The DAL
provides a direct passage from the major yards- Tughlakabad and Gaziabad
directly into the Delhi Ambala Kalka section and through Lajpat Nagar, Patel
Nagar, Daya Basti and Azadpur link. There are four main railway stations at
New Delhi, Old Delhi, Hazrat Nizamuddin and Sarai Rohilla besides container
depots at Patparganj and Tuglakbad.

To improve connectivity of Delhi with the region rail projects for commuter
travel have been identified as a part of regional rapid transit system. The

11-6

priority corridors in the projects include Delhi Palwal, Delhi Panipat, and Delhi
Gaziabad. Besides there are proposals to extend the metro corridors to NOIDA
and Gurgaon to cater to the demand of travel. These projects are under various
stages of implementation. Two IRBT corridors of movement from Pul Bangash-
Subzi Mandi Narela and Badarpur to Tilak Bridge are included as a part of
IMMRTS plan to be implemented by Railways by 2010.

11.3 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS

11.3.1 Vehicular Growth Trends

There has been an exponential growth in number of vehicles on the road in
Delhi, which increased from 2.14 lakh in 1971 to 5.36 lakh in 1981, 17.64 lakh
in 1991, 34.54 lakh in 2001 and 45.5 lakh in 2005. This represents an annual
compound growth of 6.5%, while the road length has increased at a rate of 2 %
per annum. The total number of vehicles in Delhi is more than the total no. of
vehicles in other three major metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Calcutta and
Chennai, with a predominance of two wheelers and cars, used as private
passenger vehicles. The growth trends of motor vehicles at National and mega
city levels are presented in Table 11.2 and Figure 11.2.

Table 11.2: Growth Trends of Motor Vehicles- India & Megacities (in 000)

Year All India Delhi Mumbai Kolkata Chennai
1981 5371 536 307 - 120
1986 10577 961 480 339 228
1991 21374 1813 629 475 544
1996 33783 2630 724 588 812
1998 40939 3033 860 664 975
2002 58924 3925 1350 1051 1354
Source : Motor transport Stat. of India, MoST

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
N
O
.

O
F

V
E
H
I
C
L
E
S
1981 1986 1991 1996 1998 2002
YEAR
DELHI
MOUMBAI
KOLKATA
CHENNAI
Figure 11.2 : Trends in Growth of Motor Vehicles in four Metropolis


11-7

The trends of registered motor vehicles in Delhi is presented in Table 11.3. It
can be observed that decennial growth rate is substantially higher in case of
private vehicles (94.54%) as compared to commercial vehicles (18.22%). In the
category of private vehicles, cars and jeeps has registered a decennial growth
of 142.92%, which is highest among all categories of vehicles followed by two
wheelers with 77.61%. In the commercial category of vehicles, buses have
registered a decennial growth rate of 62.5% followed by taxies (33.33%) and
goods vehicles (16.24%). Though there is decline in animal drawn vehicles; the
number of slow moving vehicles is continuously on the increase, owing to the
addition of cycles and cycle rickshaws every year.

The percentage distribution of categories of motor vehicles in Delhi shows that
there has been a rapid increase in the number of cars during the decade while
there has been a decline in the other categories of vehicles. About two third of
motor vehicles are two wheelers though a decreasing trend in that share has
been observed since 1990. On the other hand, due to the arrival of low priced
small cars and easy financing mechanisms, there is an indication towards a shift
from two wheelers to cars. The share of cars has increased from 22% in 1991 to
31% in 2005.

Table 11.3: Trends of Registered Motor Vehicles in Delhi (In 000)

Year Car Sc/Mc 3 Whlr. Taxi Goods Buses Total
1980 117 334 20 6 36 8 521
1985 175 637 31 9 59 14 925
1990 384 1191 62 10 99 19 1765
1995 618 1708 78 13 132 28 2576
1998 805 2077 86 17 149 35 3167
2000 910 2262 90 18 161 39 3480
Source : Delhi Statistical Handbook & Tpt. Dept.

0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
YEAR
Car Sc/Mc 3 Whlr. Taxi Goods Buses

Figure 11.3 : Percentage Distribution of motor vehicles in Delhi

The growth of private vehicles has resulted in an increased number of vehicles
on the streets of Delhi increasing traffic densities, congestion, vehicle
emissions and associated problems on road.


11-8

11.3.2 Road Accident Trends

The heterogeneity and magnitude of
vehicle population, the unpredictability
of human behavior, poor road geometry,
deficiencies in vehicle and road design,
and economic constraints are some of
the factors leading to road accidents in
Delhi. High growth rate of population &
motor vehicles and road traffic vis--vis
the road system and greater complexity
of vehicular traffic on roads have
contributed to the increasing number of
accidents and especially the fatality
rates. Table 11.4 shows the traffic accident trends in Delhi between 1980 and
2001. It can be observed that there are 28 accidents per day and 4 fatalities
per day due to accidents.

Details of accidents reveals that pedestrians, cyclist and two wheeler riders are
the most vulnerable road users accounting for 55%, 10% and 24% of total
causalities in 1999. Fatalities mostly occurred among pedestrians followed by
two wheeler riders. One of the most vulnerable groups w.r.t. irresponsible
driving is the school child. The major killer roads (1999) include Ring Road,
Outer Ring Road, Najafgarh road, Mathura road and Rohtak road. In the absence
of adequate infrastructure facilities and procedural delays, accidents handling
causes traffic hold ups and related pollution effects.

Table 11.4: Trends in Accidents on Delhi Roads

Fatality Rate Year Population
( Lakh )
No. of
Vehicles
(Lakh )
Road
Deaths Per lakh
populatio
n
Per
1000
vehicles
Total
Accident
s
1980 60.35 5.21 747 12.37 14.32 4300
1985 74.63 9.25 1269 17.0 13.71 6254
1990 89.10 17.65 1670 18.74 9.11 7659
1995 110.61 25.76 2070 18.71 8.04 10138
1998 122.81 31.67 2123 17.28 6.70 10217
2001 137.8 37.0 1842 13.37 4.98 9744
Source : Delhi Statistical Handbook


11-9

0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 2001
YEAR
N
U
M
B
E
R
S
Road Deaths Total Accidents

Figure 11.4 : Road Accidents Trends on Delhi roads

11.3.3 Traffic Characteristics

Delhi transport needs are basically met by road-based systems while the rail-
based systems serve marginal needs. The basic modes of traffic in Delhi are
buses, private vehicles, taxis, auto rickshaws, cycle rickshaws and cycles. The
inadequacy of public transport becomes evident during peak hours when buses
carry crush loads on them with passengers hanging on footboards and roads are
choked with traffic moving at very low speeds.

Traffic Volume

Traffic intensities on the major roads of Delhi show constant increase. The
construction of flyovers at various locations has only slowed down the process
of congestion and delay. The adverse conditions have shifted from intersections
to other locations. The roads capacities have reduced by encroachments and
parking. A study was conducted on the city wide network in 2002 by C.R.R.I.
for Govt. of India to assess urban road traffic. The traffic volumes recorded at
51 locations of Delhi are presented in Table 11.5. It can be observed from the
Table that roads are carrying more than one lakh vehicles in the inner and
middle areas of Delhi. Traffic is most critical on bridges across Yamuna I.T.O.
Bridge carrying the maximum traffic followed by Nizamuddin Bridge. The traffic
is constantly increasing at a rate of about 2.5% per annum and heavy intensity
of traffic is adding to the environment degradation of the city and in fact
traffic is the largest contributor to pollution levels in Delhi.

After the construction of Metro corridor from Connaught Place to Ashok Nagar
and new signature bridge near Wazirabad the traffic across river Yamuna is
expected to ease out on existing bridges.


11-10

Figure 11.5 : Traffic Flow Pattern on road network in Delhi

Traffic Composition

A broad analysis of the composition of vehicles in the inner, middle and outer
areas are presented in Figure 11.6. It can be observed that proportion of cars
has increased throughout Delhi and proportion of Intermediate Public Transport
(IPT) modes like auto rickshaws / taxis has gone down from 1991 to 2002. The
proportion of two wheelers has remained more or less same during the decade.

Table 11.5: Traffic Volumes on Major Arterial Roads in Delhi

Traffic Composition( in percentage ) S.No. Location Duration
(Hours)
Traffic
Volume Cars Auto 2
Whlr
Bus Goods Slow
1 Minto Road 16 98417 33.0 19.9 36.4 4.6 1.4 4.7
2 Punchkuin Road 16 90728 26.8 24.4 40.5 2.3 1.3 4.8
3 SBS Marg 16 36319 31.7 14.3 35.3 12.4 0.8 5.5
4 Sansad Marg 16 28329 33.7 16.0 31.8 14.6 0.7 3.2
5 Janpath 16 54634 51.1 18.9 23.4 2.8 0.6 3.1
6 Bara Khamba Road 24 39471 39.8 22.7 25.6 8.9 0.8 2.1
7 Netaj Subhash Marg 16 80671 22.5 24.1 27.9 10.8 1.1 13.6
8 Ring Road ( Rajghat ) 24 111455 38.9 13.0 32.6 5.9 9.1 0.5

11-11

9 Tilak Marg 16 53932 36.6 19.1 32.1 6.3 0.8 5.1
10 Zakir Hussain Marg 16 96712 48.7 11.9 28.6 3.6 4.7 2.5
11 Mathura Road 16 110454 45.7 11.1 34.6 3.7 2.0 2.9
12 India Gate 16 108525 53.6 11.6 28.9 3.1 2.0 0.8
13 Lala Lajpat Rai Road 24 135411 49.9 12.5 31.2 2.4 2.5 1.5
14 Ring Road (Safdarjung
)
16 72962 32.7 15.7 34.5 9.7 1.4 5.9
15 Aurobindo Marg 16 97085 47.8 14.4 26.8 8.4 1.2 1.3
16 Ring Road ( Naraina) 16 75813 40.2 8.3 37.2 5.9 5.9 2.5
17 Sardar Patel Road 16 62239 44.8 11.7 31.3 4.8 3.1 4.4
18 Shankar Road 16 78086 51.8 8.8 31.8 4.4 1.5 1.7
19 New Rohtak Road 16 88759 32.2 16.2 38.8 4.4 3.8 4.5
20 Ashok Vihar Road 16 53429 46.5 7.0 31.5 1.6 2.3 11.0
21 Sham Nath Marg 16 66479 43.3 9.6 31.9 9.4 2.5 3.3
22 Wazirabad Road 16 64965 17.2 9.9 26.7 13.7 10.6 22.1
23 ISBT Flyover 16 114379 15.7 11.3 39.8 5.5 6.7 21.1
24 G.T. Shahdra Road 16 67184 11.8 21.8 44.0 0.4 1.9 20.2
25 I.T.O. Bridge 16 166175 30.5 12.0 42.7 6.8 2.3 5.1
26 Nizamuddin Bridge 16 154955 48.2 5.7 35.6 3.8 2.8 4.0
27 Patpadganj Road 16 39634 17.4 7.1 34.3 4.5 1.6 35.1
28 Maa Anandmai Marg 16 76533 35.8 11.7 36.1 4. 4.7 7.7
29 Madangir road 16 80252 24.7 13.4 22.2 5.7 3. 31.0
30 Press Enclave Road 16 53984 48.4 9.7 28.4 3.2 2.2 8.2
31 Janak Setu 16 88450 46.9 7.0 38.1 5.5 1.4 1.1
32 Pankha Road 16 60501 20.8 6.2 29.0 6.9 2.3 35.0
33 Old Gurgaon Road 16 19056 26.8 3.3 31.3 8.3 11.8 18.4
34 Najafgarh Road 16 87202 20.5 5.8 39.8 5.2 2.0 26.7
35 Qutabgarh Road 16 36802 11.7 3.0 35.1 5.1 7.8 37.3
36 Auchandi Road 16 14735 13.9 3.5 27.4 7.8 12.4 34.9
37 Loni Road 16 91027 5.2 14.9 22.0 1.1 2.1 54.6
38 Ghazipur Road 16 31188 17.5 7.1 35.2 3.5 4.1 32.5
39 Pusa Road 16 65214 43.4 16.1 26.5 10.3 1.9 1.9
40 Ring Road(Ashram
F.O)
24 51979 45.6 11.3 27.3 7.2 7.1 1.6
41 Africa Avenue 24 62863 44.6 10.7 31.2 5.2 3.5 4.8
42 C.P. ( Outer Circle ) 24 68918 39.8 23.0 27.2 6.4 1.2 2.4
43 Mehrauli Road 24 59859 56.3 0.2 25.4 1.2 9.1 7.6
44 Rajokri Border ( NH 8
)
24 63851 50.6 0.4 28.8 3.4 13.1 3.8
45 Rohtak Road ( NH 10
)
24 25203 31.6 1.0 28.5 4.9 17.1 16.9
46 Karnal Road ( NH 1 ) 24 30735 44.8 0.3 11.9 7.4 32.3 3.3
47 G.T.Road ( Old NH 1 ) 24 33621 27.9 1.8 30.0 3.8 21.9 14.7
48 NH 24 Bypass 24 52329 33.4 6.7 28.0 2.4 6.9 22.6
49 NOIDA Link Road 24 62173 41.4 4.4 27.9 2.7 15.8 7.8
50 Mathura Road ( NH 2 ) 24 84195 39.2 1.9 29.6 2.7 14.6 11.9
51 Wazirabad Road 24 29713 23.1 3.2 25.5 3.3 12.2 32.7
Source : C.R.R.I. Study 2002


11-12

Inner Area - 1991
Cars
27%
Two Whlr.
33%
Auto/Taxi
24%
Buses
6%
Goods
0%
SMV
10%

Inner Area - 2002
Cars
38%
Two Whlr.
32%
Auto/Taxi
19%
Buses
5%
Goods
2%
SMV
4%
Middle Area - 1991
Cars
31%
Two Whlr.
37%
Auto/Taxi
17%
Buses
6%
Goods
1%
SMV
8%

Middle Area - 2002
Cars
44%
Two Whlr.
31%
Auto/Taxi
13%
Buses
6%
Goods
3%
SMV
3%
Outer Area - 1991
Cars
23%
Two Whlr.
31%
Auto/Taxi
15%
Buses
5%
Goods
4%
SMV
22%

Outer Area - 2002
Cars
32%
Two Whlr.
32%
Auto/Taxi
8%
Buses
5%
Goods
7%
SMV
16%

Figure 11.6 : Comparison of Traffic Composition on major arterial roads in Delhi1991 & 2002

Peak Hour Traffic Characteristics

Peak Hour Traffic volumes of Ring Road are presented in Table 11.6 and peak
hour traffic on some prominent roads in the Central areas is given in Table
11.7. The traffic pattern on the Inner Ring shows that there is a steady increase
in the v/c (volume / capacity) ratio from 1990 to 2004. In Central areas the
volumes have reached saturation levels on major roads.

Heavy traffic is observed at all major locations on the outer cordons of Delhi
and most of the locations are choked with traffic in peak hours. This is evident
from Table 11.8 - it can be observed that the v/c ratio during peak hours at
most of the prominent locations is more than one. The traffic characteristics at
these urban arterials highlights the intense interaction of Delhi with Gurgaon,
Faridabad, Noida, Loni and Gaziabad. Intercity traffic enters Delhi from 87
locations, of which 42 locations have tolling stations of GNCTD.
Table 11.6: Peak Hour Traffic Volumes on Ring Road


11-13

Peak Volume ( PCU per
hour )
Volume / Capacity Ratio S.No. Segment
1990 2004 1990 2004
1. Dhola Kuan to Raja
Garden
6200 10726 0.78 1.34
2. Raja Garden to
Azadpur
6200 9904 0.56 0.90
3. Azadpur to I.S.B.T. 5700 6503 0.52 0.59
4. I.S.B.T. to
B.S.Gurudwara
5800 7714 0.53 0.70
5. B.S.Gurudwara to
AIIMS
7300 12493 0.66 1.14
6. AIIMS to Dhola Kuan 6100 13617 0.55 1.24

Source : P.W.D.-1990 & IL &FS-2004

Table 11.7: Peak Hour Traffic Volumes in Central Areas

Volume / Capacity Ratio S.No. Location
Morning Peak Evening Peak
1. Ashoka Road 0.91 0.89
2. Bara Khamba Road 0.96 0.94
3. Janpath 0.84 0.92
4. Outer Circle, C.P. 0.93 0.87
5. Sansad Marg 0.63 0.54
6. K.G.Marg 0.63 0.61
7. Inner Circle C.P. 0.71 0.87
8. Punchkuin Road 1.04 0.98
9. Tolstoy Marg 0.57 0.58
10. Rajpath Road 0.31 0.34

Source : RITES survey 2005.

Table 11.8: Peak Hour Traffic Volumes on Outer Cordons of Delhi

Peak Volume ( PCU per
hour )
Volume / Capacity Ratio S.No. Location
Morning Evening Morning Evening
1. Singhu Border( NH1) 2539 4463 0.53 0.93
2. Badarpur Border
(NH1)
5453 4554 1.13 0.94
3. Rajokai Border(NH8) 4514 7020 0.63 0.97
4. Shahadra ( NH24) 4959 3763 1.03 0.78

5. Kalindi Kunj 5951 6411 1.24 1.34
6. M.G.Road(Aaya Nagar
)
7358 6794 1.02 0.94
7. Old Gurgaon Road 3603 4805 0.75 1.00
8. Tikri Border ( NH10) 3125 5444 0.65 1.13
9. Gazipur ( NH24
Bypass )
4522 4200 0.84 0.77
10. Mohan Nagar Border 3769 6937 0.69 1.28
11. Loni Border 7559 5781 1.05 0.80
12. NOIDA link Road 4595 5287 0.96 1.10

Source : RITES Survey, 2005


11-14

Traffic at Intersections

City main intersections are loaded with traffic much beyond their handling
capacities leading to heavy stopped delays especially in peak hours. Most
intensely loaded intersections in terms of number of vehicles are I.T.O.
intersection (1,98,970),Moti Nagar intersection (176,866), Jhandewalan
Intersection (1,70,296), Jageer Palace intersection (1,69,935) , Laxmi Nagar
intersection (1,55,852), Madhuban Chowk (1,46,693), Azadpur Intersection
(1,42,163), Tagore Park intersection (1,40,613), Ashram Chowk (1,39,749) and
Africa Avenue Outer Ring Road Intersection (1,37,986). The traffic volumes
were recorded in 12 hour duration in 2002 by CRRI in their study for Auto Fuel
Policy for GOI.

11.3.4 Traffic speeds

Speed characteristics on the major arterial road network of city are presented
in Table 11.9. It can be observed that during morning and evening peak hours
55 % to 60 % of the major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph, while
in even off peak hours 40 to 45 % of major arterials have travel speeds less than
30 kmph. About 20% or more of the arterial road network is operating under
highly congested conditions with travel speeds falling below 20 kmph
throughout the day. There is very little change in speeds during peak and off
peak periods and the network is operating at its capacity. Any disturbance in
traffic flows create long queues and delays to traffic.

Table 11.9: Speeds on Major Arterial Roads in Delhi

Morning peak Evening Peak Off Peak Speeds
Direction
1
Direction
2
Direction
1
Direction
2
Direction
1
Direction
2
< 50
Kmph
4.87 3.76 1.8 4.15 5.42 6.68
45-50
Kmph
4.42 3.01 1.44 6.06 4.93 3.02
40-45
Kmph
11.05 7.26 5.54 8.47 8.02 13.61
35-40
Kmph
18.63 13.67 15.78 11.08 19.09 14.99
30-35
Kmph
17.62 13.31 18.99 1.07 19.73 18.23
25-30
Kmph
1.93 20.37 15.52 17.15 12.91 12.68
20-25
Kmph
18.54 17.4 13.9 15.62 10.67 11.91
> 20
Kmph
13.94 21.21 27.03 19.4 19.23 18.89

Source : CRRI Study, 2006. Note : All values are in percentage


11-15

11.3.5 Parking

Daily trips made by personalized
modes require parking spaces at
both ends of the trip. There is a
huge gap in the demand and supply
of parking spaces which leads to spill
over of parking on the road. There is
lack of proper planning and
management of parking facilities.
Inadequate and inefficient public
transport systems leads to greater
use of private modes of transport. A
car is parked for 90 to 95% of time at
residence or place of work. Land
resources in the city are limited and scarce, while the increase in parking
demand is high. Inadequate parking adds to congestion and delays on major
arterial roads. Current parking demand and supply at some of the prominent
locations of the city are presented in Table 11.10.

Table 11.10: Parking Demand at Prominent Locations in Delhi

S.
No.
Location Peak
Demand
ECS
Peak
Supply
ECS
Shortfall
( %)
1. Connaught Place 5342 2986 44%
2. Outside Connaught Circus 5894 3282 44%
3. Nehru Place 7713 3717 52 %
4. Lajpat Nagar 2604 1598 39%
5. Chandani Chowk 4572 2102 54%
6. Sadar Bazar 1762 1113 37%
7. Kamla Nagar 3333 1806 46%
8. Ajmeri Gate 2176 1217 44%
9. Darya Ganj 5423 3100 43%
10. Krishan Nagar 1297 1091 16%
11. Karol bagh 5352 3585 33%
12. South Extension 2357 1584 33%
13. Bikaji Cama Place 3940 2040 48%
ECS = Equivalent Car Space
Right of way on roads in most of the residential areas is encroached for on
street parking as the vehicle ownership levels have gone very high. The space
for parking in the private plots as per code/bylaws provisions is being used for
other purposes putting a stress on the city infrastructure.

11.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS

11.4.1 Intra Urban Movements

As per the household survey in the study area conducted in 2001 by RITES
Limited, a total of 176 lakh trips are being performed per day. The per capita
trip rate in the study area has been estimated at 1.27 (PCTR of 1.1 in 1993-94).
The per capita trip rate for vehicular trips is observed to be 0.87 compared to
0.76 PCTR in 1993-94. PCTR of inter zonal trips is estimated at 0.76 while that
of intra zonal trips is 0.51.


11-16

The modal share of passenger trips in the study area is presented in Table
11.11. About 33% of total trips are walk trips, while among the vehicular trips
60% of trips are performed by buses including charted and school buses plying in
the area. Personalised vehicle trips have a share of 27 % of vehicular trips in
the study area.

Table 11.11: Modal Share of Passenger Trips

Passenger Trips
( in % age )
S. No. Mode
2001
1. Bus 59.8
2. Car/Jeep 10.3
3. Two Wheeler 17.2
4. Auto Rickshaw 3.1
5. Cycle 5.3
6. Train 0.7
7. Other 3.6


The average travel time in the city by all modes is observed to be 30 minutes.
Average travel time by public transport including bus, charted bus and train is
observed to be 49 minutes and more, while travel time by other private modes
is between 15 minutes to 30 minutes. Distribution of trips by mode and travel
time is presented in Table 11.12.

Table 11.12: % Distribution of Trips by Mode and Travel Time

Travel Time ( in minutes ) Mode
< 15 15-30 30-60 60-90 > 90 Average
Sc/Ms 18.9 44.72 31.05 4.84 0.40 27
Car 17.4 42.75 34.07 4.96 0.74 32
Auto 20.1 49.45 25.34 4.36 0.73 29
Cycle 34.3 40.37 18.80 4.93 1.54 25
Rickshaw 42.4 54.87 2.59 - 0.11 16
Bus 2.94 23.42 42.77 24.01 6.86 49
S.Bus 8.43 43.13 43.64 3.97 0.83 32
C.Bus 1.46 10.77 55.66 24.82 7.29 55
Train 8.64 1.23 58.03 25.93 6.17 51
Walk 81.1 18.59 0.19 - 0.10 10


The modal share of public transport system has to be increased and given
priority in all our plans and policies to meet the increasing demands of traffic.
Walk trips also constitute for more than one third of the total trips performed
per day and accordingly pedestrian facilities need to be improved from place of
origin to destination.

11.4.2 Intercity Movements

The outer cordon surveys conducted at 15 locations of Delhi border revealed
that 1.53 million trips were performed on an average day. Out of these 67% are
performed by public transport and the rest were by private modes. About 13 %

11-17

of total intercity trips were estimated to be passing through the city with
neither origin nor destination in the city. O-D Pattern of trips at outer cordons
is presented in Table 11.13.

Table 11.13: O-D Pattern of Trips at Outer Cordons

NUMBER OF TRIPS PER DAY MODE
Internal to
External
External to
Internal
External to
External
Total
BUSES 458031(44.5) 441103(42.8) 130330(12.7) 1029464 (100.0)
CAR 152302 (43.8) 147314(42.4) 47765(13.8) 347381 (100.0)
TWO WHLR. 67281(42.9) 67169(42.8) 22323(14.2) 156773 (100.0)
TOTAL 677614 (44.2) 655586(42.7) 200418(13.1) 1533618 (100.0)
Source : RITES survey,2005

Survey at 43 railway stations in Delhi revealed that about 1.0 million trips were
performed by rail per day. Out of these about 9% trips were moving within the
city while the rest 91% were intercity trips.

FREIGHT MOVEMENT

Rail Terminals are controlling a bulk of freight traffic which terminates at
various locations in Delhi like Tuglaqabad, Delhi Cantt., Narela, Ghevra,
I.P.Depot, Naya Azadpur, Shakurbasti and Delhi Safdarjung. A large share of
freight movement by road is handled by entry points at NH-8, NH-1, NH-24 and
Kalindi Kunj. On an average day (in 2004) about one lakh goods vehicles crossed
the Delhi Borders with an average day payload of 1.5 lakh tones. Freight
movement on major arterials is presented in Table 11.14. It can be observed
that modal share of goods traffic is varying from 4% to 33 % at different
locations.

Table 11.14: Goods Traffic Movement in Delhi

S.No. Location Goods Traffic Total traffic Modal Share of
Goods ( %)
1 G.T.Karnal Road 15991 48897 33%
2 Mathura Road 9126 72906 13%
3 Rajokari Border 12555 80438 16%
4 G.T.Road,Shahdra 9989 57993 17%
5 Kalindi Kunj 10880 95565 11%
6 MGRoad,Aaya Nagar 3661 95306 4%
7 Mandoli Border 5211 54470 10%
8 Kapashera Border 6714 50011 13%
9 Rohtak Road 7729 42771 18%
10 Gazipur Border 6198 66806 9%
11 MohanNagar 3045 74299 4%
12 Loni Border 4718 84915 6%
13 Challa Barrage 4592 64140 7%
Total 100409 888517 11%

Source : RITES survey,2005

11.4.3 Public Transport & Para Transit System

In any large city, mass transport facilities play an important role in catering to
travel demand for work, education and social activities. The present mass

11-18

transport system in Delhi comprises of bus service by Delhi Transport
Corporation; private operators and contract carriages; and rail services through
ring railway and suburban trains operated by Northern Railway; and Delhi Metro
Rail operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. The existing public transport
system is grossly inadequate in terms of quality, quantity and coverage, and
can not cope with ever increasing travel demand.

11.4.4 City Bus Service

Till 1992, Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) was the primary agency for
providing the mass transport service, when private buses under the control of
the Transport Department were first introduced to supplement the DTC fleet.
Today DTC operates 786 city and 131 inter state routes with average route
length of 22.4 Km. and 296.4 km. respectively. As per records, in January 2000
the fleet strength of DTC comprised of
3088 DTC buses; and 2593 private
buses under DTC operation, totaling to
5681. The present DTC fleet is plagued
with overage buses resulting in
inefficiency in operation and economic
loss.

Besides DTC, intercity bus service is
also provided by nearly 2600
individually owned private buses. The
existing system suffers from:

Lengthy, zigzag and overlapping destination oriented routes:

Maldistribution, low frequency of buses along different routes

Absence of published information

Disorganized private bus operation

Fierce competition, over speeding and non-observance of traffic rules by
private operators

Inadequate enforcement and regulatory
machinery.

A new corridor of High Capacity Bus System
is being implemented from Ambedkar Nagar
to Moolchand Hospital in 2006. Also a new
company has been formed by Transport
Department Govt. of Delhi to integrate mass
transport by various modes of travel, named
Delhi Integrated Multimodal Transport
Systems Ltd. (DIMTS).

11.4.5 Ring Railway

The ring railway was constructed in the 1930s as the goods avoiding line but its
role in intra-urban service is being emphasized since last 40 years. The existing

11-19

system which was built at the cost of 340 million rupees and was expected to
cater about 12% of the total commuter load, has proved a non-starter, catering
to less than 1% of the load. The reason for this are;

Dependence on availability of goods avoiding lines

Absence of integration with feeder bus operations

Absence of commuter facilities at stations

Inconvenient access of platforms to commuters.

Lack of development along the railway corridor

Unattractive fare structure

Competitive and attractive parallel bus service

The ring railway service could be significantly improved by integrating it with
radial lines and MRTS systems.

11.4.6 Delhi Metro Rail

As many as 35 studies were conducted
by various agencies since 1960 to find
a lasting solution to the transport
problems of Delhi but none of them
reached any purposeful stage .The
first decisive step to introduce an
MRTS was taken after the feasibility
study by RITES, which was completed
in 1990. It recommended a rail based
system, comprising of a network of
underground, elevated and surface
corridors aggregating to 198.5 Km to meet the travel demands.

11.4.7 MRTS Phase-I

The Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) is an ambitious project that aims at
providing a non- polluting and efficient rail-based transport system, properly
integrated with the road transport system. The first phase of the Metro with a
total length of 65.1 km. has been completed at an estimated cost of Rs. 10571
crore, and put to operations in March 2006. The details of the corridors is
shown in Table 11.15:

Table 11.15: Details of Metro Corridors Phase I (Completed) and Phase II
(on-going)

Phases Lines
Nos
Corridors Description Length
(Km)
Phase-1
(2001-
1 Shahdara-Trinagar-Rithala 22.00

11-20

2005)
2 Vishwa Vidyalay- Central Secretariat 11.00
3 Barakhamba Road-Cauuaught Place- Dwarka 22.80
3
Extn.
Extension of Line No 3 Barakhamba Road-
Indraprastha
2.80
Phase
1A
3A Extension of Line No. 3 into Dwarka Sub-city 6.50
Total 65.1
Phase-2
(2006-10)
2A Extension of line 2 from Vishwa Vidyalay to
Jahangirpuri
6.88
2B Extension of line No 2 from Central Secretriat to Qutab
Minar
10.77
3B Extension of Line No 3 from Indraprastha to New
Ashok Nagar
8.07
4 Shahdara to Dilshad Garden 3.09
5 Kirtinagar to Mundka 18.50
6 Yamuna Bank to Anand Vihar ISBT 6.20
Total 53.51

MRTS Phase-II

On completion of Phase-I, Phase-II work has been started which includes
corridors with a total length of 53.51 km and is expected to be completed by
2010. The estimated cost of completion, at current prices, is Rs. 8500 crore.
The details of the corridors are presented in the table above.

Metro rail is a high capacity mode and will serve the main traffic corridors in
Delhi. There are a large number of other corridors that require medium
capacity modes as feeders to Metro or otherwise.

The metro is being funded through a loan from the Japan Bank for International
Cooperation.

11.4.8 Proposed Integrated Multi Modal Transport System For Delhi

To be effective, public transport has to be integrated, multi modal, and
environmentally, socially and financially sustainable. The Metro forms part of a
larger Integrated Multi Modal Transport System proposed for the city, including
also the following transport systems:

Modes

Corridors Length
Metro 6 118.6 Km

11-21

At-grade HCBS 26 294 Km
Elevated LRT 6 74 Km
Elevated Monorail 3 48 Km
IRBT 2 44 Km

The 6 Metro corridors and the 2 IRBT corridors from a part of the existing DMRC
and the NCCRPB plans respectively. The 6 Metro corridors remain unchanged
except in the case of two corridors that are proposed to be extended. The
proposed network includes 14 corridors that are in the nature of collector
routes to serve areas at some distance from the planned major public transport
routes. Another 16 corridors are radial that normally would be direct origin to
destination routes and hence will meet the objective of minimum interchanges.
There are 13 circular routes that will interchange with the radial routes. The
overall network of radials and circular corridors has formed a grid and hence
most commuters should not need more than or two interchanges to reach their
destination. There will be 42 major and 77 minor interchange locations on the
proposed network. Common ticketing and passenger information display are
proposed to be developed.

With the modal split of 80% public transport is expected to carry 24 million trips
by 2021. Metro rail and IRBT, if implemented as planned, are estimated to
carry about 15 million trips per day; and the balance 9 million trips are to be
catered to by other public transport systems.

11.4.9 Intermediate Public Transport System

Intermediate public transit in Delhi mainly comprise of Mini buses, RTV and
Phat phat sewa, while the Personalised public transport services includes cycle
rickshaws, three wheeler and taxis. These paratransit modes play a major role
in catering to the intra urban travel demand of the city. Though their modal
share of trips is only 3.1%, it will remain an integral part of the urban transport
system. The cycle rickshaws, though a menace on some of the arterial roads of
the city, provide a vital low cost pollution free service, which is most
appropriate for certain localities.

11.4.10 Interstate Bus Terminals

Delhi attracts significant movement of passengers primarily from DMA towns
and NCR towns besides some other towns of neighboring states. Interstate bus
operations were started from Kashmiri Gate ISBT in 1975. High growth of
interstate bus operations led to the development of two new ISBTs at Sarai
Kale Kan and Anand Vihar in 1998 and a total of three ISBTs are operating at
present. These three ISBTs cater to an average 3.70 lakh passengers and 5235
bus trips per day. Two more directional ISBTs at Dwarka and Narela are
proposed, while the ISBT at Sarai Kale Khan is proposed to be upgraded to
higher standards.

Apart from above terminals interstate buses operate from Bhajanpura,
R.K.Puram, NDRS, Karampura, Safdarjung, Shivaji Stadium, Nehru Place,
Narela, Karol Bagh and ITO, besides several roadside bus stops. Bus operation

11-22

and termination at points other than terminals affects the viability of bus
terminals and also creates congestion on the roads.

11.4.11 Inland Water Transport

The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) conducted studies for
navigational potential of river Yamuna for passenger and cargo service,
development of water sports, recreational activities and for the improvement
of the environment in Yamuna. No action in this regard could be taken as water
level goes down to almost nil in summers making it difficult for the introduction
of this kind of facility.

11.5 EMERGING ISSUES

i. High growth rate of vehicles and heavy vehicular volumes on road
causing congestion, delay, safety, pollution.

ii. Ineffective utilization of road space- on street parking, encroachments,
lack of pedestrian facilities.

iii. Improper road design No consideration for disabled and pedestrians on
road.

iv. Inadequate and inefficient public transport system need to address
transport system for masses according to their affordability.

v. Lack of integration of land use & transport system.

vi. No provision for environment friendly modes like cycles and cycle
rickshaws in road design.

vii. Inadequate parking at major commercial areas and work centers and
lack of proper parking policy.

viii. Intermixing of local and regional passenger and goods traffic.

ix. Lack of coordination in implementing agencies at city as well as regional
context.

x. Lack of user system interface and transport information.

xi. Lack of adequate enforcement and implementation of planned schemes.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 12 : Solid Waste Management

12-1

CHAPTER 12
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

12.1 INTRODUCTION

Appropriate solid waste management of a
city is crucial for public health and
aesthetic surroundings. It is essential for
a clean look. Therefore, the removal of
any scattered and littered waste is as
important as effective street sweeping
and drain cleaning. This also brings to
focus the necessity of synergy in the
design, construction and maintenance of
roads, surface (storm water) drains and
storage, collection and transport of solid waste.

Due to its size and multiple activities, different types of solid waste are
generated in Delhi:

Municipal solid waste (from the domestic and commercial sectors and
common areas such as, parks, gardens, street sweepings and drain silt)

Construction and demolition debris (C&D waste)

Bio-medical waste (waste generated by health-care and veterinary
establishments)

Slaughterhouse waste (organized as well, as un-organized activities)

e-Waste

'Special' waste (small quantities of toxic and hazardous waste generated by
the household and trade sectors)

Industrial waste generated within the city area

The presence of these different types of waste streams complicates the solid
waste management scenario leading to deficiencies in planning and
management. This is further aggravated by the unplanned settlements slums
and squatter settlements. Apart from the fundamental issue of service provision
and problems of accessibility, some of these areas undertake unauthorized
recycling of plastics; batteries etc. which may have grave environmental
implications.

12.2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

12.2.1 Legal Framework

The Delhi Municipal Corporation Act 1957 has section 42 C, 355-5.8; stating the
functions and role of MCD and citizens in disposal of the waste. The violation of

12-2

the sections 353, 354, 355(2), 356 and 357 are subject to fines ranging from Rs.
25 100 Section 357 (1) Keeping rubbish and filth for more than 24 hours,
carries an additional daily fine of Rs. 10. The brief obligation of MCD is to
provide receptacles, depots and places for waste disposal; and not necessarily
house to house collection. It is the obligation of occupiers to use these for
disposal of their waste.

12.2.2 Institutional Framework

Municipal solid waste management being the responsibility of Local Bodies, the
following municipal entities are responsible for their respective areas:

1. Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD): Thus the MCD area includes urban
areas, rural and urban villages, slum clusters and regularized unauthorized
colonies. The services of CSE include collection, transportation and disposal
of municipal solid waste; road sweeping; cleaning of surface drains,
construction and maintenance of public conveniences.

S.
No.
Item Area
(sq. km)
Number Responsible
Department
1 Total area 1397.30
2 Urban area
(approx.)
595.00
3 Rural area (approx.) 795.00
4 Administrative
zones of MCD
12
5 Total number of
employees
More than
52000
6 Number of workers
(Safai Karmachari)
About 50000
Conservancy and
Sanitary Engineering
Department (CSE),
presently changed
to the Department
of Environmental
Management
Services (DEMS)

2. New Delhi Municipal Council and (NDMC) : The activities include street
sweeping everyday; removal of the garbage deposited in 'dhalao' (masonry
dustbins) and metallic bins; and transporting the waste to MCD landfill sites
at Ghazipur. The green (mainly horticulture) waste is transported to the
NDMC compost plant at Okhla.

S.
No.
Item Area
(sq. km)
Number Responsible
Department
1 Area 42.74
2 Sanitation Circles 13
3 Number of employees
involved with
sanitation
1800
Health Department

3. Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB): In the cantonment area also, the roads and
markets are swept and garbage is lifted.

S.
No.
Item Area
(sq. km)
Number Responsible
Department
1 Area 42.97
2 Number of
employees involved
with sanitation
450
Health Department


12-3

12.3 WASTE GENERATION AND COLLECTION

12.3.1 Waste Collection Services

Total sweeping staff available with MCD and NDMC is in ratio of 1:216 persons
and 1:326 persons respectively. This is above (better than) the prescribed
norms of 1:500 in Central Public Health and Environmental Engineer
Organisation (CPHEEO) manual. Within the municipal area, some zones have
been contracted out to private contractors for functions ranging from the
primary collection to waste disposal. They have their own sweeping staff,
waste collectors and vehicles to transport the waste from collection points to
disposal sites.

MCD has privatized collection of municipal solid waste in 6 zones through 3
private operators, in order to save costs and improve efficiency in service
delivery. These operators have to put sets of two bins (blue and green
coloured) for collection of non-biodegradable / recyclable and bio-degradable
waste respectively. These bins are emptied into separate vehicles of similar
colour daily. The operators are also expected to do segregation of bio-
degradable and non-biodegradable solid waste before the waste is collected
into separate vehicles.

NDMC has 900 community bins (masonry built) and 1000 metallic skips (open
containers of about 1m
3
capacities).

12.3.2 Waste Generation

In the absence of a streamlined and
completely controlled system of solid
waste management, the available data is
based on per capita generation from
some studies (e.g., done by NEERI, 1999
1
,
Delhi Master Plan 2021
2
, State of
Environment Report for Delhi, 2001
3
),
vehicle trips and fragmented data from
landfill records. Table 12.1 gives some
idea of the waste generation, arrived at
from such sources:

Table 12.1: Waste Generation arrived
S. No. Local Body
Existing
generation for
2001in TPD
Projected *
generation for 2021
in TPD
1 Municipal Corporation of Delhi 6300 15100
2 New Delhi Municipal Council 400 550
3 Delhi Cantonment Board 100 100
Source: Public Health Department of MCD, NDMC and DCB
* 700 g per capita per day for calculation of projected generation in 2021 as per CPEHHO Manual
on solid waste Management

1
Quoted in Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (Status Report for Delhi 21) prepared in
2001: 6000-6300 TPD for MCD, 350-400 TPD for NDMC and about 100 TPD for DCB, the total generation in the National
Capital Territory of Delhi shown as around 6500-7000 TPD

2
As per Delhi Master Plan, 2021 (the generation in 2001 being shown as 5250, 245 and 48 TPD for MCD, NDMC and DCB
respectively)

3
State of Environment Report for Delhi, 2001, prepared by TERI quote the total figure at 6000-7000 TPD form the NCT
(6300, 400 and 100 TPD for MCD, NDMC and DCB respectively)

12-4

A news paper report (Times of India, May 14, 2006, New Delhi) pegs the solid
waste generation at 8000 TPD and garbage dumped at the three landfill sites at
7435 TPD. According to a study carried out by IL&FS Ecosmart in 2005, the total
generation is around 7700 TPD. The website of NDMC (as accessed on 12.08.
2006) notes lifting of 200-210 TPD garbage from its area.

Keeping in view the somewhat varying figures, it is proposed that the present
generation of municipal solid waste may be taken as 6500 TPD for MCD, 400
TPD for NDMC and 100 TPD for DCB (total for NCT 7000 TPD). The figure is
corroborated by the figure of waste collection of 6500-7000 TPD presented in a
paper by MCD
4

12.3.3 Constituents of Waste

The variation of biodegradable waste ranges from 61.54% for industrial areas to
90.48% for APMC. This indicates marked variation in the biodegradable
component of MSW in accordance with the land use pattern. Industrial areas
are considered to generate relatively less amount of biodegradable waste while
APMC market is considered to generate maximum amount of biodegradable
waste. However, majority of land use like, MIG, LIG, HIG, EWS, Local fruits /
vegetable markets, institutional areas public / semi public areas and villages
are generating waste with a biodegradable component ranging from 71% to
76.5%. This indicates that the Dhalaos catering to these areas are receiving
waste from mixed land use areas existing in the vicinity.

The variation in recyclable waste ranges from 1.85 from APMC to 8.24% from
industrial areas. The extent of recycling is indicated by the values of individual
constituents at the source and at the disposal site. It is evident from this table
that the recovery of the recyclable constituent includes paper, plastic, glass
crockery, clothes, metal, etc. Paper, plastic and rag contributed a major
fraction while glass, metal contributed to a lesser extent. Recyclables from
APMC market are expected to be minimum (Refer Table 12.2)

4
(National Workshop on Municipal Solid Waste Management: Sharing of Experiences and Lessons Learnt, New Delhi, July,
2005 and sponsored by HUDCO, USAEP and WSP).


Client : Dept. of Urban Development
12-5

Table 12.2: Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Parameter HIG MIG LIG EWS APMC Local
Fruits /
Vegetabl
e Markets
Institutiona
l Area
Commercia
l Area
Public &
Semi
Public
Areas
Industria
l Areas
Village
Areas
Landfill
Composition
(%)

Biodegradabl
e
74.9 72.86 72.96 71.28 90.48 76.59 74.63 68.76 74.03 61.54 71.08 62.5
Recyclable 3.86 4.74 5.2 5.99 1.85 4.25 5.00 5.07 5.11 8.24 4.38 3.84
Inert 1.01 1.67 1.43 2.16 0.33 1.16 1.43 1.37 2.37 2.02 1.30 2.75
Others 2.72 3.05 3.95 3.4 0.42 2.18 2.71 8.32 3.20 7.91 3.42 2.45
Bulk Density
(MT/m
3
)
0.3675
9
0.37385
1
0.3677
4
0.37452
4
0.37202
4
0.374651 0.359392 0.375547 0.34842
9
0.3746 0.34991
5
0.35666
7
Ash and Fine
Earth Content
%
17.44 17.68 16.46 17.17 6.92 15.82 16.23 16.48 15.29 20.29 19.82 28.46
Moisture % 44.53 48.78 45.37 47.19 64.7 47.89 48.4 49.92 57.9 31.425 36.80 44.6
Calorific
Value
(kCal/kg)
1048 1109.47 1048 1096 1760 1321 1139.8 1133.46 1451.75 1014.3 1346 1366
C/N Ratio 21.29 21.35 20.7 20.19 30.03 22.56 17.82 22.52 24.82 19.05 25.76 22.26


12-6

12.3.4 Waste Collection and Storage

Several types of waste receptacles are used in the MCD area (i) large masonry
bins, locally called "Dhalao" (ii) metallic bins of covered and open types (iii) 4-
wheeled plastics and FRP bins with large covers, which have been introduced in
some areas during the last 2 years and (iv) sites in some localities, where waste
has been dumped in the open. The estimated number of dhalaos, metallic bins
and open sites is about 2500.

Delhi is divided into 12 zones, and each zone comprises different receptacles at
which the waste from different corners in zones gets collected. It is transported
to landfill sites for final disposal. Zone-wise list of Dhalaos, dustbins and open
sites is described in (Refer Table 12.3)

Table 12.3: Zone-wise list of Dhalaos, Dustbins and Open Sites

Name of the Zone Total Number of Dhalao
Zones Under MCD
Shahadara South 184
Shahadara North 133
Rohini 219
Civil Lines 156
Narela 35
City 85
Central 285
West 189
Najafgarh 216
Paharganj 44
Karol Bagh 91
South Zone 384
Cantonment Board 161
NDMC Zone 221
Source: Municipal Corporation of Delhi

12.3.5 Waste Transportation

MCD has 689 trucks (majority of the tipping kind), 71 private tipper trucks (8m
3

capacity) and 100 loaders for collection, lifting and carriage of municipal
garbage.

12.3.6 Processing and Disposal

Currently, Delhi has 4 compost plants:

S.
No
Facility
Capaci
ty
(TPD)
Area
(Ha)
Starting
Year
Technolog
y
Remarks
1
Okhla (MCD)
(closed at
present)
150 3.2 1981
Aerobic
windrow
composting
Proposed to
be upgraded
to 200 TPD
2 Okhla (NDMC) 200 3.4 1985 -do-
Operated
below
capacity
3
Bhalswa
(Private sector)
500 4.9 1999 -do-
Operating at
50% capacity
4
Tikri Khurd
(APMC and
125 2.6 2001 -do-
Dedicated
waste stream

12-7

S.
No
Facility
Capaci
ty
(TPD)
Area
(Ha)
Starting
Year
Technolog
y
Remarks
Private Sector) from APMC
Total 975 14.1

Thus out of 7000 TPD, only about 400 TPD is being processed at present in the
three compost plants and the balance is assumed to be dumped at the three
dump-sites (landfills):

Okhla landfill site

Ghazipur landfill site, fish and chicken market on the left


12-8

Slaughterhouse under construction at Ghazipur landfill site

S.
No.
Name of
site
Location Area
(Ha)
Year
started
Waste
received
(TPD)
Zones supplying
waste
1 Bhalsawa North
Delhi
21.06 1993 2200 Civil Lines, Karol
Bagh, Rohini,
Narela,
Najafgarh and
West
2 Ghazipur East Delhi 29.16 1984 2000 Shahdara (south
and north), City,
Sadar Paharganj
and NDMC
3 Okhla South
Delhi
16.20 1994 1200 Central,
Najafgarh, South
and Cantonment
Board
Source: Information provided by MCD

The current expenditure for municipal solid waste management for MCD is
Rs. 5030 million (Rs. 3860 million non-plan and Rs. 1170 million plan).

Recycling and rag-picking

Recycling and rag-picking of municipal solid waste is widely prevalent in Delhi
through the involvement of an extensive network of informal (rag-pickers and
scrap-dealers) and formal (recycling facilities) stakeholders. A wide range of
materials and items are involved, such as, paper / cardboard, plastics, metals,
glass, rubber, leather, textiles and clothing etc. As per a study the number of
rag-pickers in Delhi is in the range of 80,000 to 100,000 (Srishti). It is estimated
that about 1200-1500 TPD is removed from the municipal collection and
disposal chain by these activities. However, these activities, carried out in un-
hygienic and unscientific manner, have unfavourable environmental,
occupational health and community health implications.


12-9

12.3.7 Construction and Demolition Debris

This category of waste comprises predominantly inert waste generated during
construction and demolition activities. Major sources of C&D waste are:

Residential waste normally for small amendments, additions to homes

Property developers whether residential or commercial

Other sources (roads / pavements /drains / medians improvement,
demolition activities etc.)

Table 12.4 along with the pie-chart presents the results of TIFAC estimates of
C&D waste composition in India. In addition, current survey findings and
assessment carried out in 2005 by IL&FS Ecosmart are also shown in the Table
Typical Composition of Indian C&D waste
Soil, Sand & gravel,
36%
Bricks & Masonry,
31%
Concrete, 23%
Metals, 5%
Bitumen, 2%
Wood, 2%
Others, 1%

Table 12.4: C&D Waste Composition (in %)

Composition of C&D
5
Typical as per
TIFAC
MCD Survey,
2004
Survey 2005 by
IL&FS Ecosmart
Soil/Sand, Gravel 36.0
43.0
31.5
Bitumen 2.0
-
-
Metals 5.0
-
0.4
Masonry / Brick 31.0
15.0
59.0
Concrete 23.0
35.0
-
Wood 2.0
-
1.5
Others 1.0
7.0
7.6
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Note: Metal, Timber, glass, plasterboard and plastic are almost entirely recycled.

From the survey findings of IL&FS Ecosmart, it may be inferred that the C&D
waste in Delhi mainly contains soil/sand, gravels and brick masonry.

5
Constituents of C&D waste are, Soil, Concrete, Masonry (i.e, bricks), Stone, Metal, Timber, Glass, Plaster Board and
Plastic, porcelain, and Bituminous materials (from road excavations)

12-10

Based on TIFAC study, quantum of waste generated during Construction is of
the order of 35 kg / sq.m of construction activity, while during demolition
waste generated is about 350 kg / sq.m of demolition. As per the log sheets
kept at the landfills, the quantity of C&D waste was found to vary from a high
of 2877 TPD in July to a low of 442-446 TPD during August and September
during a period of 15 months proceeding May 2005. The average comes to 879
TPD. The higher quantum during July is due to removal of silt from drains. On
the other hand, generation of 1600-2000 TPD is indicated as per the transport
arrangements of MCD.

However, the quantum reaching the landfill is the quantity collected by MCD
and does not reflect the generation. It also needs mention that most of the
C&D is consumed internally for land filling and bricks, metal and wood are
recycled.

It is not obligatory for MCD to collect and dispose C & D waste. As per the
regulations, the responsibility of disposal of construction waste is with the
generator and MCD levies a fee of Rs. 250 / Ton of Waste disposed at landfill.
However, significant quantities of waste are disposed at unauthorized /
designated public locations. From these points, Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is
forced to evacuate C&D to the landfills.

Typically, demolition activity is undertaken by specialized demolition
contractors who bring their own equipment and personnel and transport the
residual waste. The property owners pay fee to the demolition contractors,
which is decided based on the recoverable value of recycled materials steel,
wood, glass, pipes etc. by demolition contractors.

The diagram below describes the existing collection and transportation
practices for C&D in the city of Delhi.
Homes
Developers
Others
Tier 1
Cycle
Tractor
Mule
Tier 2
LCV
Truck
Authorized sites
Unauthorized
sites
Recycled /
landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Tier III
MCD
Contractors
Homes
Developers
Others
Tier 1
Cycle
Tractor
Mule
Tier 2
LCV
Truck
Authorized sites
Unauthorized
sites
Recycled /
landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Landfill
Tier III
MCD
Contractors

Disposal practices: Currently the C&D waste is disposed without any kind of
processing at Ghazipur and Bhalswa MSW disposal sites. Considerable quantities
are disposed off at unauthorized locations or MCD designated dumping sites in
Delhi. List of some of the existing C&D waste dumping sites in Delhi, visited
recently, is provided in Annexure 4.


12-11

It is very important that construction and demolition waste is kept separate
from the other municipal solid waste so that the processing and disposal is
more efficient and the inerts are at least partially utilized.

MCD is considering a pilot project for the collection, transportation and disposal
of 500TPD of C&D waste for few selected zones of the city. The rationale for
the proposed project is to separate C&D stream from MSW and in this process

Transfer the responsibility of the costs of collection, transportation, and
disposal to the C&D waste generator, and

Streamline the C&D waste collection and transportation to improve the
existing condition of the city

Explore & develop a market for processed C&D waste.

12.4 CONSTRAINTS TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL

The technical problems relate to municipal storage, collection and
transportation. But the major problem is in the area of processing and disposal.

Open 'dhalao' (masonry built dust bin) is still the major receptacle for municipal
solid waste in Delhi. These lead to two-fold problems exposure of the waste to
the environment and multiple handling (from depositing of the garbage to its
loading on to the waiting collection vehicle whether manually or by a front-
end loader and again un-loading at the landfill unless the transporting vehicle is
tipping type).

The private operators are using smaller bins with lids (plastics or FRP made)
and dumper placer containers, where the above mentioned problems are under
control. However some of the dumper containers are not covered, leading to
environmental pollution.

Open vehicles are being used for transporting the waste across busy roads in
majority of the cases, which needs to be controlled in a planned way. Putting a
dangling tarpaulin over the open truck of garbage is no solution.

Processing and disposal of municipal garbage is the most crucial issue. The
existing landfills (dump-sites) are almost full. They need to be closed
immediately in a scientific manner to the extent possible and new sanitary
landfill (SLF) sites need to be developed and commissioned at the earliest
possible. The major constraints in this are:

1. Provision of adequate land for building new sanitary landfills

2. To make arrangement for disposal of the waste in the intervening period
before the new SLFs can receive waste


12-12

Proposed site at Bhatti Mines

Proposed site at Jaitpur (dewatering under process)


12-13

As of now, MCD is trying to set up 3 new facilities at (a) Jaitpur, (b) Narela-
Bawana and (c) Bhatti-mines (Refer Table 12.5):

Table 12.5: Three Proposed Sites for Solid Waste Management

S.
No.
Site Area
available
(Ha)

Status / Remarks
1 Jaitpur (deep
pit, average 25
meter deep)
24.6 The work has been awarded. The deep pit was
filled with water. De-watering is being done
since last 2 years but is not complete yet. The
steep sides would require expertise of high
level for planning and execution of the job.
2 Narela Bawana
(flat land)
60.0 EIA completed. Land yet to be handed over to
MCD
3 Bhatti Mines
(deep pits 4
nos., about 20
meter deep)
68.0 EIA completed. Land yet to be handed over to
MCD.
Total

152.6

From the above, it would appear that there is no possibility of construction and
commissioning of any of these facilities in the next one year. Therefore the
biggest challenge would be to accommodate the garbage in the existing sites in
a scientific manner and at the same time remedy the environmental problems
of the existing dump-sites.

12.5 APPROPRIATE PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL

The key issues in Delhi with respect to solid waste management are:

Efficient service delivery (collection and removal of garbage, construction
and demolition debris and other types of waste, street sweeping etc.
leading to clean surroundings and feeling of well being amongst the
citizens)

Appropriate disposal of waste in conformity with the applicable rules and
most importantly,

Strategy for reducing land requirement

In the above listing, the most important element is reduction in land
requirement for disposal. In the absence of adequate land, the three landfill
sites are being over-used. As per the present situation, Delhi is actually in a
very serious situation with respect to land required for processing and disposal
of solid waste.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 13 : Institutional Assessment

13-1

CHAPTER - 13
INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT

13.1 INTRODUCTION

The current political set up in Delhi is the result of the 69
th
Constitutional'
Amendment, passed by the Parliament in 1991, followed by the GNCTD Act,
1991. The provisions of this act provide for the setting up of the Assembly and
the Council of Ministers for the NCT. The act also contains provisions, which
distinguish the NCT from other Union Territories under the Constitution.

This chapter presents the existing institutional framework in Delhi responsible
for provision of urban infrastructure. It presents institutional issues and the
institutional development strategy.

13.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT-NCTD

The institutional framework for urban management in Delhi has a multiplicity of
agencies, both central and state. They also look after various functions relating
to urban infrastructure and its management. The institutions/agencies involved
for performing city level functions in city are categorized as (A) Central
Government Agencies; (B) State Government Agencies.

Figure 13.1: Institutional Linkages in Delhi

13-2

PART A: CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

13.3 MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI

13.3.1. Constitutional Framework

The MCD has been set up under the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957,
covering the entire area of NCT, except the areas controlled by the NDMC and
Delhi Cantonment Board. The Act has been revised in 1993 to bring its various
provisions into conformity with the 74th Constitutional Amendment.

Organisation Structure

The governance structure of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is divided
into two wings viz. elected wing and administrative wing. Delhi has Mayor-in-
Council system. Mayor in Council comprises 114 elected members. Mayor is
Chairperson of the Council. Also, there are 13 special and 13 Ad-hoc
committees on various subjects. The special committees are namely Assurance
Committee, Works Committee, MRPH Committee, Environment Management
Committee, Garden Committee, Law & General Purpose Committee, Special
(Improvement & Development) Committees, Special Committees, Sports
promotions & allied matter committee, High powered property tax committee,
Municipal Accounts Committee, Code of Conduct for councilors committee. The
ad-hoc committees are namely Remunerative Projects Committee, Licensing &
Tehbazari Committee, Community Services Committee, Welfare of Scheduled
Castes & Implementation of SC Candidates Quota committee, Anti-Malaria
Measures Committee, Anti-Flood Measures Committee, Naming & Renaming
Committee, Grants-in-Aid Committee, National Festivals, Fares Committee,
Mahila Kalyan & Bal Vikas Committee, Grievances Redressal Committee,
Education Committee and Rural Area Committee.

The Municipal Commissioner oversees the functioning of administrative wing.
He is assisted by the Deputy Commissioners and departmental heads.
Departments include health, taxation, engineering, complaints, licensing,
community and Horticulture.

For administrative purpose corporation area is divided into 12 zones comprising
134 wards. Commissioner Zone heads the zonal office. After the zonal offices
there are 134 ward offices at
Lower level.

13.3.2. Functions

The functions of MCD are listed in Delhi Municipal Corporation Act 1957. It
provides for mandatory functions and provides for discretionary functions of
MCD. The major function of MCD are: city cleanliness, solid waste management,
maintenance of gardens/dividers/circles, street light, bio-medical waste,
slaughter house, encroachment removal, stray cattle management, community
toilets, community halls, parking lots, development works, advertisement,
property tax, and licensing.

Billing and Collection: Billing of taxes and other charges are updated
frequently. Collection system of revenues is inefficient; resulting in increases of
arrears, and is increasing year by year.

13-3

Project Financing and Implementation: MCD partly dependent on its own
funds and partly on the funds received as grants. Most of the capital works done
are through grants and loans from Central and State Government

Asset Management: MCD maintains it assets records.

Budgets and Audit: MCD at present maintains it accounts in registers as well as
computer based double entry accounting system. For every financial year
balance sheet for accounts is prepared. Financial statements are prepared by
chartered accountant. There is provision for periodical review of municipal
finances by auditor general.

Use of Technology: The MCD has partially implemented e-governance
programme. Under this programme (over the project period) integrated
computerized system can be developed and implemented for efficient service
delivery. The project would develop and commission four modules for each of
municipal function. The project can offer services like deposit of electric,
telephone, water bills, Birth Death certificate, payment of house tax, etc,
through its ward wise kiosks installed through out the Delhi.

MCD has started computer based double entry accounting system since 2002-03.
MCD has established a Help-line phone number for resolution of Public
Grievances regarding sanitation, sewer, streetlights etc.

The Other functions now being performed by it like generation, transmission
and distribution of electricity; supply and distraction of water and disposal of
sewage; fire services and setting up and running of new hospitals are sought to
be transferred to other agencies.

13.3.3. Issues

The institutional, administrative, legal and financial issues of the MCD are
presented below:

Continued control of the Central Government over its administration and
affairs, which needs to be transferred to the GNCTD;

Decentralization of the present monolithic structure by setting up more
Corporations after their viability has been established. It is understood that
a policy decision has already been taken to set up a separate Corporation
for the East Delhi;

An O&M Study of the present structure and remaining functions of the
Corporation, to make it efficient and manageable and to farm out some
more functions relating to education and medical, to other agencies of the
GNCTD, so that the MCD concentrates on its primary role as a municipal
body;

Ensure effective public- private partnership in waste management;

Increase its resource base by levying service charges for various services like
waste management, street lights, and entertainment facilities, community
services like parks, play grounds, libraries and reading rooms.

13-4

13.4 DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY


The DDA, a body corporate, has been set up under the Delhi Development Act,
1957. Earlier, the United Provinces Town Improvement Act was extended to
Delhi, followed by the setting up of the Delhi Improvement Trust in 1937.

Organizational Structure

The controlling jurisdiction of the DDA is with the Ministry of Urban
Development, with the LG as its Chairman and a nominated Governing Board.
Many of the features of the present remit of DDA are based on planning and
development ideas in the original Act.

13.4.2. Functions

The functions and powers of the Delhi Development authority as per DDA Act,
1957 are listed below:

Pioneering Urban Development: To formulate a Master Plan for covering
the present and future growth of Delhi and to promote and secure the
development of Delhi according to the plan covering all the possible
activities.

Creating Metropolis: Preparing schemes and advising the concerned
authorities departments and agencies in formulating and undertaking
schemes for development agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, forestry,
transport, communication, schooling, cultural activities, sports, Medicare,
tourism entertainment and similar other activities; to acquire, hold,
manage and dispose of land and other property; to carry out building,
engineering, mining and other operations; Formulation and sanction of the
projects and schemes for the development of the Delhi;

Institutional and Industrial Development: Institutional & Industrial
development as part of city building, which makes Delhi a land of
opportunities. DDA has so far allotted land to various institutions for social,
educational, cultural and religious purposes. Some of the landmarks
institutional are at Siri Fort, Katwaria Sarai, Qutab Institutional area, etc.

To acquire, hold, manage and dispose of property, movable or immovable,
as it may deem necessary;

To enter into contracts, agreements or arrangements with any person or
organization as the Authority may deem necessary for performing its
functions;

Power to acquire land for public purpose under the provisions of land
acquisition act 1984.


13-5

13.4.3. Institutional Issues

The institutional issues are as follows:

Since NCTD has a responsible popular government it should be enabled to
provide housing and other amenities relating to land, to fulfill the genuine
ambitions of the people of Delhi; there is a need for GNCTD to have some
say to in the working of DDA.

DDA can consider how much it should involve itself in the function of
housing construction. In fact, there is a thinking at official level nowadays
that public agency should take up construction of houses only for the low
income groups;

DDA should concentrate on its primary function of preparing the Master Plan
as a Perspective Plan from which the Zonal Development Plans could be
prepared through the local governments by providing them with expertise or
at least in collaboration with them;

13.5 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) AND DELHI POLLUTION
CONTROL COMMITTEE (DPCC)


The CPCB has been set up under the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974 and also has all the functions under the Air (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Delhi, being a Union Territory, the law does not
provide for any separate Board and the CPCB has all the powers of a Board for
the state. The DPCC has been set up by the CPCB on 15.03.1991, delegating all
its powers under the two acts to the Committee.


The Delhi Pollution Control Committee is headed by the Secretary,
Environment, and GNCTD. The Director, Environment in the DoE is the Member-
Secretary of the Committee. A nominee of the Central Pollution Control Board
and Secretary, Local self Government, are the other two members. The DPCC
has three zonal engineers of the rank of Superintending Engineers, assisted by
Executive Engineers, Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers, 27 in all.

13.5.2. Functions

CPCB looks at the compliance at the national level, monitoring of water quality
of the Yamuna and discharging drains at various locations. The DPCC, in effect
is the primary agency in the NCT, to carry out the regulatory work relating to
prevention and control of water and air pollution.


A large number of posts, 170 out of a total of 256, sanctioned for the
Committee, are reported to be lying vacant. The Committee has no field agency
worth its name and hardly any captive monitoring facilities. Its financial
resources are totally inadequate to the task. The Committee would need

13-6

strengthening in its human resources and equipment for monitoring. Its staff
would also need to be trained for maintenance and operation of the equipment.
The availability of facilities with the CPCB and the existence of the EPCA, can
not be a substitute the need for an effective and well-equipped set up with the
DPCC.

13.6 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) AUTHORITY (EPCA)
FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION


The Ministry of Environment and Forests had set up the EPCA, on 29
th
January,
1998 for two years. Its term has since been extended by another two years.


The EPCA consisting of five part time members, and with no permanent
secretariat of its own, has been set up in view of the gigantic and complex
nature of environmental problems of Delhi. It has been specifically entrusted
with the task of monitoring the progress of the action plan as contained in the
White Paper on Pollution in Delhi, issued by the Central Government in
December, 1997. The Supreme Court also has entrusted specific tasks to the
EPCA from time to time.

13.6.2. Functions

The EPCA has also been entrusted with the following functions:

standards for the quality of the environment in its various aspects;

standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from
various sources;

restriction of areas in which any industries, operations or processes or class
of industries or processes shall not be carried out or shall be carried out
subject to certain safeguards;

procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents which may cause
environmental pollution and remedial measures for such accidents;

Procedures and safeguards for the handling of hazardous substances.;

All necessary steps for control of vehicular population;

Power to issue directions for ensuring maintenance of the specified ambient
noise standards.


Since the functions entrusted to the EPCA are long term and continuous in
nature, it must have a permanent set up and some full time members with
specialised experience of dealing with environmental issues in Delhi;


13-7

The EPCA should have at its disposal, its own resources, to order specific
studies and obtain help of experts;

There seems to be a problem in the NCT in the maintenance of the
monitoring equipment installed at various places and more such equipment
is needed. The EPCA may be the right agency to take up this function.

There is no doubt that with its limited resources notwithstanding, the EPCA
has done considerable amount of good work in improving the air and water
quality in the NCT.

13.7 DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION (DUAC)


The DUAC has been set up in 1974 by the DUAC Act 1973, to advise the Central
Government and provide advice and guidance to the local bodies, for
maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design in Delhi.


The Commission consists of the Chairman and such number of other members,
being not less than two or more than four appointed by the Central government
as per notification in the official Gazetteer.

13.7.2. Functions

The act requires the local bodies to refer all building and engineering
operations and development proposals to the Commission, before according
approval to them. Function of the DUAC is essentially to advise Central
Government in the matters of preserving, developing and maintaining the
aesthetic quality of urban and environment design in Delhi and advice and
guide the local bodies for the same.


In the context of this recommendation it would be desirable that the entire
major projects which need such an examination of the design from the point of
view urban arts, especially in the context of heritage and sensitive sites and
developments in their vicinity are referred to the Commission.

13.8 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD (NCRPB)


The setting up of the NCRPB in 1985 under the NCRPB Act, 1985, enacted under
the provisions of Article 252 of the Constitution with the consent of the states
of U.P., Haryana, and Rajasthan for preparation of the regional plan.


The Board consists of such number of members, not exceeding twenty-one, as
may be prescribed, and unless the rules made in this behalf otherwise provide,
the Board shall consist of the following members, namely :- the Union Minister

13-8

for Works and Housing, who shall be the Chairman of the Board; the Chief
Minister of the State of Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh; the Administrator of
the Union territory ; eight members, to be nominated by the Central
Government on the recommendation of the participating States and the
Administrator of the Union territory ; provided that not more than two
members shall be nominated on the recommendation of a participating State
or, as the case may be the Administrator of the Union territory; three other
members of whom one shall be a person having knowledge and experience in
town planning to be nominated by the Central Government; a full-time
Member-Secretary of the Board, to be nominated by the Central Government
from amongst officers of or above the rank of a Joint Secretary to the
Government of India; Provided that no change shall be made in the composition
of the Board by rules except with the consent of the Government of each of the
participating States and of the Administrator of the Union territory.

13.8.2. Function

The Board has the following functions and powers:

Preparation of Regional Plan and Functional Plans;

Getting the Sub-Regional & Project Plans prepared by the participating
States;

Coordinating the enforcement & implementation of the Plans through the
participating States; and

Arranging and overseeing the financing of selected development projects.

Call for reports and information from the participating States and the Union
territory with regard to preparation, enforcement and implementation of
Functional Plans and Sub-regional Plans ;

Ensure that the preparation, enforcement and implementation of Functional
Plan or Sub-Regional Plan, as the case may be, is in conformity with the
Regional Plan ;

Indicate the stages for the implementation of the Regional Plan ;

Review the implementation of the Regional Plan, Functional Plan, Sub-
Regional Plan and Project Plan ;

Select and approve comprehensive projects, call for priority development
and provide such assistance for the implementation of those projects as the
Board may deem fit ;

Select, in consultation with the State Government concerned, any urban
areas, outside the National Capital Region having regard to its location,
population and potential for growth, which may be developed in order to
achieve the objectives of the Regional Plan ; and

Entrust to the Committee such other functions as it may consider necessary
to carry out the provisions of this Act.

13-9


The GNCTD and its various agencies should realise that the NCRPB has been
set up to help Delhi. They should make full use of the Board in solving
various problems of Delhi.

The Planning Commission and' the Central Ministries should make) vigorous
efforts to develop the infrastructure in the NCR, outside Delhi, which in the
long run, would produce better results for protection of environment.

The GNCTD and the DDA should implement the policies enunciated in the
Statutory Regional Plan, accepted by all the participating states, relating to
industries, trade and commerce and generation of employment. They
should, in any case, not take or permit others to take steps, which are
contrary to those policies.

The role of the NCRPB in laying down the various policies for Delhi should be
enhanced and the Board should be associated in major investment decisions
in Delhi.

The NCRPB Act should be amended to permit the Board to take up
implementation of projects of inter state nature with the consent of the
concerned states. This would help in better and timely execution of such
projects.

There is a good case for creating disincentives for industrial and other
establishments proposing to settle down in Delhi. On the contrary, the
present policies in the NCT are generating incentives for them.

The NCRPB should prepare Functional Plans under Section 16 of their Act,
providing for setting up of joint projects for power, industrial development,
housing, water supply, sewerage sanitation etc.

13.9 DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION

13.9.1. Constitutional framework

The need for a mass rapid transit system, based on rail, has been felt in Delhi
for a very long time. However, it is only in May 1995 that a company named
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd, under the Companies Act, could be set up.
This is a joint effort between the Government of India and Government of
Delhi, in equal participation.

13.9.2. Functions

Work on first phase of the project, comprising the construction of 55.3 kms of
railway line, has begun from December 1997. The first stage of this phase
between Shahdara to Tis Hazari is scheduled for commissioning in March, 2002.
The entire first phase is due for completion in March, 2005.

13-10


13.10.1. Constitutional framework

An exclusive committee, known as Imperial Delhi Committee was constituted
for the first time on March 25th 1913, for the management and construction of
the proposed capital. In 1916, it was notified as Raisina Municipal Committee
under the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911. In 1927, it was re-designated as NDMC.
In 1932, it was upgraded as a first grade municipality and entrusted with the
responsibility of providing civic services, along with construction of buildings.
The situation has changed with the enactment of the NDMC Act, 1994 by the
Parliament, which now governs the affairs of the NDMC.


The NDMC Act is structured more or less on the lines of the MCD Act, except for
some distinguishing features as indicated below:

The Central Government has retained most of the controlling powers over
the NDMC, except that the GNCTD can also prescribe discretionary functions
for the committee through general or specific orders. The GNCTD can also
get the accounts of the committee audited.

The Chairman is appointed by the Central Government, in consultation with
the Chief Minister of the NCT.

The remaining 11 members are also appointed by the Central Government,
though 2 of them again are to be appointed in consultation with the C.M.

Separate provisions have been made for discharging functions relating to
water supply, drainage, sewerage and transport in its area of jurisdiction.

The provisions of the NDMC Act 1994 have attempted to provide some say to
the locally elected Members of the Parliament and Legislative Assembly and
the right of consultation to the C.M. of the GNCTD in the appointment of
two members and the Chairman. This position is likely to continue till the
Central Government wishes to retain full control of the area.

13.10.2. Functions and Powers

In addition to providing basic civic amenities to its residents, the New Delhi
Municipal Council also ensures various social, cultural, educational and medical
facilities, especially to the government/ municipal employees and other weaker
sections of society.

It is perhaps the only municipality in the country that supplies electricity and
water and its discretionary functions encompass promotion of sports, art, music
and culture, maintenance of libraries, and care for the old, mentally and
hearing impaired. It takes care of working women, housing problems and social
facilities like barat ghars and community centers. It always aims to achieve it
by eliciting peoples' cooperation and public participation.


13-11


It appears that the constitution of the NDMC is not in conformity with the
provisions of Articles 2430 and 243R of the, Constitution relating to constitution
of municipalities and certain other provisions introduced in the 74th
Constitutional Amendment. This really puts a question mark on the legality of
the NDMC itself.

PART B: STATE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

13.11 GNCTD SET-UP

The GNCTD is headed by the Lieutenant Governor, who is also the Administrator
of the Union Territory of Delhi. The Chief Minister is the head of the
Government, and discharges the duties and responsibility, with the assistance
of Council of Ministers. There are various departments, each having a minister
and the secretary The following Secretaries look after functions relating to
urban infrastructure.

(i) Secretary, Urban Development, dealing with MCD, Delhi Jal Board, Slums,
Heritage and other issues relating to municipal management and urban
development;

(ii) Secretary, Land and Building, dealing with housing, acquisition of land,
Public Works Department and related activities;

(iii) Secretary, Environment, dealing with Delhi Pollution Control Committee as
its Chair Person and other issues relating to Environment;

(iv) Secretary, Transport in charge of Delhi Transport Corporation and other
issues relating to transport ;

(v) Secretary, Finance and Planning, dealing with Infrastructure Development
and related issues of Public Private Partnership in the field of urban
infrastructure;

13.12 DELHI JAL BOARD (DJB)

13.12.1. Constitutional setup

The DJB has been set up by the Delhi Jal Board Act, 1998 passed by the
parliament, to provide for the establishment of a Board to discharge the
functions of water supply, sewerage disposal and drainage within the NCT and
for matters connected therewith.


The Chief Minister of Delhi is the chairperson of the Board, which has 17
members. The Chief Executive of the Board has to be appointed by the GNCTD.
The GNCTD also has been authorized to exercise other control, including issue
of directions, to the Board.


13-12

It is too early to offer comments on the functioning of the DJB, which has yet
to be fully constituted (three posts of full time members are vacant) and gain
full control of the operations.

13.12.2. Functions

As of now Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is responsible for procurement of raw water,
treatment and supply to the three constituents and responsible for distribution
of water supply and related works in MCD area. DJB is also responsible to
collect, transmit, treatment and disposal of waste water from the three
constituents and for operation & maintenance of sewer system within the MCD
area.

13.13 DELHI TRANSPORT CORPORATION

On the establishment of the MCD in 1957, the transport services in Delhi were
transferred to the Corporation. Subsequently, a new statutory corporation,
known as Delhi Transport Corporation was set up under the Road Transport
Corporation Act, 1950. However, its control remained with the Central
Government. With the reorganization of the political set up in Delhi, the
control and the assets have been transferred to the GNCTD. However, the
outstanding loans and the interest have been written off.

13.13.1. Summary of Issues

The issues related to urban institutional set up are discussed in Table below.

Issues Status
Implementation
of 74
th
CAA
Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi has not been
able to implement the 74
th
Amendment to the Constitution.
It has been pushing hard to approve the Delhi Municipal
Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2005 whose decision is still
awaited with the Union Home Ministry.
Major administrative decisions for making and implementing
the Master Plan are still taken by the Central Government
Agency, that is, DDA.
MCD has been trying hard to introduce the new system of
Local Area Plans (LAP), through amendments to Unified
Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP violate
the Delhi Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi Municipal
Corporation Act.
Since legislation is not enacted by the GNCTD, necessary
institutional mechanisms such as the Urban Local Bodies
(ULBs) and DMPC are not in place.

Overlapping of
jurisdiction

Overruling of the Delhi High Court decisions by the NCT of
Delhi and Ministry of Urban Development. For instance, MoUD
issued a notification, a procedure not allowed under the Delhi
Development Act 1957, to allow mixed land uses in the
residential areas located along the roads with a certain RoW.
There is a lack of clarity over the departmental
responsibilities for land use planning, development,
maintenance and enforcement. This has resulted in
ineffective and uncoordinated decision making and actions.
For instance, the boundaries of the revenue districts and the
MCD zones overlap with each other.

13-13

Overlapping of
functions
Delhi Development Authority (DDA) has failed to identify and
coordinate with the State Government.
Other Sectors Water Supply
Revenue 2 times the expenditure cost, indicating high
operation and maintenance cost and highly subsidized water
supply.
Revenue losses due to less coverage / jurisdiction area (45%).
High rate of water loss (40%).
No centralized database and information management system
in place.
Heritage and Conservation
Piecemeal, uncoordinated approach to the heritage and
conservation in Delhi.
Limited positive and meaningful co-operation between the
agencies involved.
No overall planning and direction in the sector.
Monuments are in dilapidated stage and being altered heavily
(losing their historical value)
Number of heritage buildings occupied by State and Central
Government Departments.
No Incentives and technical support given to owners of
heritage building for theyre up keep and maintenance.
Difficult to apply laws and regulations and at the same time
lack of rules/ guidelines for restoration of civil heritage,
construction on and demolition of heritage structure.
Lack of political commitment and public awareness on
heritage value.
Lack of Public facilities in and around the monuments and
area.
Poor Solid Waste Management in old city.
Public Private Partnership for development of tourism and
heritage conservation.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 14 : Review of Urban Finance

14-1

CHAPTER - 14
REVIEW OF URBAN FINANCE

14.1 TOWARDS A CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FINANCIAL ASPECTS

The financial aspects of the City Development Plan (CDP) of Delhi is anchored
onto the primary goal of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
(JNNURM), of creating economically productive, efficient, equitable and
responsive cities.

This chapter details the municipal finances of the Municipal Corporation and
other entities involved in the provision of services and outline the receipts and
expenditure over the last five years, which would form the base for the
preparation of Financial & Operating Plan (FOP).

14.2 REVIEW OF THE EXISTING FISCAL AND FINANCIAL SITUATION

The purpose of this section is to review and analyze the existing financial
situation in terms of trends in revenues and expenditures by authorities
concerned with the development of the city. The entities, which have been
studied, are:

Municipal Corporation of Delhi (Annex. 14-1)

New Delhi Municipal Council (Annex. 14-2)

Delhi Jal Board (Annex. 14-3)

14.3 OVERVIEW OF MCD FINANCES

MCD income and expenditure are maintained on cash basis. However MCD has
shifted to accrual accounting system from FY 2002-03, but it is maintaining the
accounts on cash system also as the accrual system has not been fully adopted
due to lack of correct information on all assets and liabilities particularly
property tax arrears.

Municipal finances of Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) have been reviewed
for the last five years, commencing from the financial year (FY) 2000-01.
Revenue income of MCD has grown to a level of Rs. 2258.47 crores in the FY
2004-05 from Rs. 1372.85 crores in FY 2000-01; the revenue income had
registered an average annual growth rate of 11.47 percent whereas the revenue
expenditure increased at an average annual rate of 7.68 percent, thus
indicating a surplus position during this period.

Capital income of MCD comprises of loans and grants, in the form of loan for
infrastructure development and grants for improvement of basic services. A
major share of capital income is in the form of grants. As observed in Table
14.1, the capital expenditure has been relatively consistent during the review
period. During FY 2004-05, capital expenditure had increased to Rs. 727.11
crore from Rs. 596.29 crore in the FY 2000-01. The highest percentage of
expenditure was on providing infrastructure for colonies.


14-2

Table 14.1: Financial Status of MCD (in Rs. crore)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
A. Revenue Account
Opening balance 0.12 0.16 0.17 35.60 9.98
Income 1372.85 1570.66 1659.50 1652.11 2258.48
Expenditure 1372.80 1570.65 1624.07 1677.73 1950.47
Surplus
0.16 0.17 35.60 9.98 317.99
B. Capital Account

Opening balance
139.50 121.15 127.87 168.86 105.64
Income 577.94 619.35 734.24 713.21 803.29
Expenditure 596.29 612.62 693.26 776.42 727.11
Surplus
121.15 127.88 168.86 105.65 181.83
Source: Non-Plan Income & Expenditure Budget 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD
Plan & Resettlement Colonies Budget, 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD

The above table shows that the capital account has witnessed a surplus,
implying that capital receipts are not being fully utilised. Further review of the
revenue and capital accounts indicates that surplus has increased over period
of 2000-01 to 2004-05. The sharp rise in the surplus of the revenue account in
2004-05 has been attributed to an abnormal rise in the Ways and Means
advance.

Revenue Account
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
I
n

R
s
.

c
r
o
r
e
Revenue Income
Revenue Expenditure

14-3

Capital Account
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
I
n

R
s
.

c
r
o
r
e
Capital Income
Capital Expenditure

14.3.1 Revenue Account

The revenue account comprises of two components, revenue income and
revenue expenditure. Revenue income comprises of internal/own resources in
the form of tax and non-tax items and external resources in the form of shared
taxes/transfers and revenue grants from the State Government. Revenue
expenditure comprises of expenditure incurred on salaries, operation &
maintenance expenditure and debt servicing.

Revenue Income

The source wise revenue income is given in Table 14.2. Own sources comprises
68 percent of the income whereas, external source contributes 32 percent of
the revenue income. Table 14.3 presents major head wise revenue income for
5-year review period.

Table 14.2: Source-wise Revenue income (in Rs. crore)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Own sources 971.35 1161.21 1185.53 1237.09 1243.05
Grants (Including Ways &
Means Advance) 173.95 161.51 177.17 119.73 668.42
Assigned revenue 227.55 247.94 296.80 295.29 347.01
Total 1372.85 1570.66 1659.50 1652.11 2258.48

Own Sources

Own-source income includes income from resource mobilisation activities of
MCD in the form of taxes, user fees, fines, trade licences, etc. Own revenue
sources are further classified as tax and non-tax sources that are generated by
various sections of the MCD.

14-4

Tax Sources: About 56 percent of the revenue is contributed by tax
sources, which includes Property Tax, Tax on Consumption and Sale of
Electricity and Animal & Toll Tax.

Some of the main features of this head of revenue income are listed below:

Income from own sources accounts to about 70 percent of revenue income

Income from tax sources has shown an average annual growth rate of 8.07
percent over the 5 year period, compounded annual growth rate of 7.52
percent and income from fines and fees increased at an average annual
growth rate of 30 percent over the same period.

Major items of own-source income, contributing towards revenue income,
include property tax (41%) and other income (6%) which includes income
from commercial ventures, development charges etc.

Table 14.3: Major head-wise break-up of Revenue Income (in Rs. Crore)

S. No. Item
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
1
Municipal Taxes and
Rates 803.56 900.41 958.52 1080.25 1074.13
2 Rents and Fees 21.62 20.57 27.71 31.74 60.53
3
Others 146.16 240.23 199.30 125.10 108.39
4
Global Sharing of Taxes-
Assigned 227.55 247.94 296.80 295.29 347.01
5
Education Grant-
Reimbursement Grant 93.95 101.51 117.17 119.73 358.42
6
Ways and Means Advance 80.00 60.00 60.00 0.00 310.00
Total Revenue Income 1372.85 1570.66 1659.50 1652.11 2258.48

Income through own-source heads that contribute substantially towards
revenue income include:

Source wise break-up of Revenue income
Own sources
68%
Grants
15%
Assigned
revenue
17%
Own sources
Grants
Assigned revenue

14-5

Property Tax

Income from property tax is the single largest and most elastic source of
revenue, contributing about 40-45 percent to the total revenue.

Income through Property Tax up till 31-3-2004 was based on the Annual Rental
Value of the property. From 1-4-2004 a new system for assessing properties has
been introduced called the Unit Area Method of property tax.

Unit Area Assessment

The Unit Area Method of Assessment is based on fixing a unit area value per square meter of
covered space for calculation of property tax. The tax for a particular property is based on the
annual value of the property arrived at, by multiplying unit area value assigned to the
colonies/localities with the covered area of the property and the multiplicative factors for
occupancy, age, structure and use.

The Unit Area Values category wise is given in the table below:

Category A B C D E F G H
Value: (in Rs. Per
square meter)
630 500 400 320 270 230 200 100

The above values are valid up till Assessment Year 2006 -2007

The Unit Area Value for vacant land in excess of 75 % of the total plot area would be computed
at a factor of 0.3 of the base unit value of the colony.

The Multiplicative factors are given below:

A. Structure Factor (SF)

Structure Type Pucca Semi Pucca Kucha
Factor (SF) 1.0 0.7 0.5

B. Age Factor

Year of
completion
Prior to
April 1960
April 1960
to March
1969
April 1970
to March
1979
April 1980
to March
1989
April 1990
to March
1999
April 2000
Onwards
Factor (AF) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

C. Occupancy Factor (OF) - For Residential Properties

Category A B C D E F G H
Factor
(OF)
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

D. Use Factor (UF) For Non Residential Uses:

Use I II III IV V
Factor (UF) 1 2 3 4 10

Where: (I) Public Purpose (II) Public Utility/Telecom towers (III) Industry,
Entertainment, Recreation and Clubs (IV) Business, restaurants, Hotels up to 2 star (V)
3 Star and above Hotels/Towers/ Hoardings.

Self-Assessment and Calculation of Tax Under Unit Area Method:

In the old system of property taxation the onus for raising demand rested with the corporation,
whereas in the current system of property taxation, concept of self-assessment has been
introduced for the first time whereby, the onus for filing returns and paying taxes is that of the
owner/occupier. The method of calculating Self-assessment tax is as follows:


14-6

Step 1: Measure the covered area of property;
Step 2: Take the unit area value of the locality /category notified by the corporation;
Step 3: Calculate the annual value by using the following formula:

Annual Value = Unit Area Value X Covered Area X Multiplicative Factors

Step 4: Where different portions of property are put to different uses or other parameters like
concessions/rebates applicable are different, the annual value will be calculated for each
portion separately.

Step 5: Calculate tax by multiplying the above value by the respective rate of tax as notified by
the corporation from year to year.

Duty on transfer of properties
Any property transaction in MCD limits attracts duty on transfer of properties at
rate 5% of the stamp duty amount.

Toll Tax
Toll tax is payable on all vehicles entering National capital Territory of Delhi
and ranges from Rs. 25 - Rs. 500 per day for various categories of vehicles, MCD
also offers monthly and quarterly passes also for toll tax.

Tax on Consumption and sale of Electricity
Any consumer in MCD is liable to pay tax to MCD on electricity consumption;
currently it is at 5% of billing amount. If consumers have captive power plants
than the rate payable is 10 paise for KWH and tax on electricity suppliers is also
10 paise for KWH.

Non-Tax Sources: Non-tax
sources include all non-tax
revenues such as fees and
charges levied by the MCD.
Such revenue sources include
income from education fee,
fines for cattle pounds, fees
from hospitals, fees from
vehicles licenses, special
registration for trades, rents
on land, buildings and car
parking etc.

The income from non-tax
revenue receipts has increased marginally from Rs 167.78 crores in FY 2000-01
to Rs. 168.92 crores in FY 200405.

External Sources

The external sources of MCD include income from global sharing of taxes from
Government of Delhi, education grant and ways and means advances.
Government of Delhi transfers about 5.5% of its income to MCD under the head
of as global sharing of taxes as per SFC recommendation, this source
contributes only 17% of municipal revenue income and have registered an
average annual growth rate of about 12%.
Composition of Revenue Income
(5-year Average)
Education Grant-
Reimbursement
Grant
9%
Others
10%
Rents and Fees
2%
Municipal Taxes
and Rates
56%
Global Sharing of
Taxes- Assigned
17%
Ways and Means
Advance
6%

14-7

In addition MCD receives grant towards reimbursement of education
expenditure and for improvements in resettlement colonies, though 60% of
education expenditure and 100% of plan expenditure for resettlement colonies
is reimbursable, however MCD gets 30% of education expenditure and for
resettlement colonies the receipt is almost nil and this grant is limited to
maximum of 5% of Government of Delhi income. These grants contribute only
9% of municipal revenue income and have registered an average annual growth
rate of about 3.76%.

In addition to SFC and education grants MCD receives some advances towards
ways and means to meet the expenditure. The ways and means advance is
inconsistent and on an average it accounts for about 6% of municipal revenue
income.

Revenue Expenditure

Revenue expenditure of MCD has been analyzed department wise, which
includes both establishment and operations & maintenance expenditure; the
MCD doesnt classify establishment expenditure separately.

Thus the expenditure analysis is discussed on each department basis, which is
General Supervision, Collection of Revenues, Education, Public Health and
Medical Relief, Conservancy Scavenging and Street Cleaning, Roads and Public
Lighting and Others.

Revenue expenditure grew from Rs.1372.80 crores in the year FY 2000-01 to
Rs.1950.47 crores in FY 2004-05 at an average annual growth rate of 7.68
percent. The major items of expenditure include Education (23%), Conservancy
and Street Cleaning (20%) and Others (33%). The head Others comprises of
expenses on garden & open spaces, libraries, licensing and miscellaneous items.
Table 14.4 gives a major head wise break-up of revenue expenditure for 5-year
review period.
Composition of Revenue Expenditure
(5-year Average)
Education
23%
General
Supervision,
collection of
revenues etc
3%
Roads and Public
Lighting
9%
Others
33%
Conservancy
Scavenging and
Street Cleaning
20%
Public Health and
Medical Relief
12%

14-8

Table 14.4: Major head wise break-up of Revenue Expenditure (in Rs. Crore)

No. Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
1
General Supervision,
collection of revenues
etc 48.00 53.20 53.12 56.14 65.75
2
Social Welfare &
Development Services
i Education 338.94 333.25 369.41 390.83 455.88
ii Public Health 37.42 37.74 39.22 40.92 48.38
iii
Conservancy and Street
Cleaning 263.40 275.98 298.98 334.82 378.60
iv
Scavenging, Drains and
Sewers 11.13 8.83 11.40 11.22 11.60
v Medical Relief 124.45 127.52 147.10 166.18 190.28
3 Recreational Activity
i Gardens and Open Spaces 61.87 65.07 63.90 69.82 82.69
ii Libraries 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.97 1.31
4 Public Works & Safety
i Roads and Public Lighting 107.65 154.71 132.04 152.27 192.61
ii Fire Fighting - - - - -
5 Land Development 26.49 24.44 23.96 28.95 33.21
6
Misc. including New
Works 352.78 489.26 484.27 425.61 490.15
TOTAL 1,372.80 1,570.65 1,624.07 1,677.73 1,950.47

Debt Servicing

A review of the loan statement of MCD reveals that as on 31-03-2005 MCD had a
total outstanding debt of Rs. 755.66 crores and during the FY 2005-2006 it had
done a debt servicing of Rs. 64.20 crores.

14.3.2 Capital Account

Income and expenditure items under this account are primarily nonrecurring in
nature. Income items include loans, contributions by Government of National
Capital Territory of Delhi, other agencies and capital grants under various State
and Central Government programmes. Expenditure items include expenses
booked under developmental works and purchase of capital assets.

Capital Income

Analysis of this account indicates that 19 percent of capital income is in the
form of loans and 81 percent by way of grants.

Table 14.5: Source wise break-up of Capital income (in Rs. crore)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Grants 515.00 549.45 629.18 600.46 651.46
Loans 62.94 69.90 105.06 112.75 151.84
Total 577.94 619.35 734.24 713.21 803.29
Source: Plan & Resettlement Colonies Budget, 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD


14-9

Capital Expenditure

Capital expenditure has been directed towards new parks, water supply,
sewerage and works for improvement of slums. The highest percentage has
been expended on infrastructure for colonies (27%) and roads (17%). The
amount of expenditure has increased from Rs.596.29 crore in FY 2000-01 to
Rs.727.11 crore in FY 2004-05.

Table 14.6: Major head wise break-up of Capital Expenditure (in Rs. Crore)

Items
2000-
01
2001-
02
2002-
03
2003-
04
2004-05
Education Related Items 119.31 NA 99.42 101.19 141.96
Public Health and Medical 105.88 NA 136.45 127.00 122.05
Roads 97.32 NA 114.18 104.37 124.91
Infrastructure Facilities in
Colonies
150.25 NA 177.24 177.40 198.29
Environmental
Improvement
3.53 NA 9.95 16.75 15.77
MLA and MP LAD Schemes 81.44 NA 112.29 179.94 58.55
Trans- Yamuna 23.84 NA 30.79 48.85 44.09
Others 14.73 NA 12.94 20.93 21.47
Total Expenditure 596.29 612.62 693.26 776.42 727.11
Source: Plan & Resettlement Colonies Budget, 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD

There is an overall surplus in the capital account indicating a capital utilization
ratio of less than 1.

14.3.3 Key Issues and Conclusions

Table 14.7: Key Indicators

Sl. Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
1 Operating Ratio 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.02 0.86
2
Share of Property
Tax
44.66% 43.74% 42.43% 46.54% 28.60%
3
Share of Internal
Revenues
70.75% 73.93% 71.44% 74.88% 55.04%
4
Share of Assigned
Revenues
16.57% 15.79% 17.88% 17.87% 15.36%
5 Share of Grants 6.84% 6.46% 7.06% 7.25% 15.87%
6
Ways & Means
advance
5.83% 3.82% 3.62% 0.00% 13.73%
7
Capital Utilization
ratio
0.83 0.83 0.80 0.88 0.79

The following issues emerge from the above analysis carried out on the finances
of MCD:


14-10

Revenue Account Status

The revenue account of MCD from the year 2002-03 has shown a healthy
surplus. The operating ratio over the period of analysis has hovered around
unity indicating that revenue income is being wholly utilized to meet revenue
expenditure.

Revenue Income

MCD has generated over 68 percent of its revenue through its own sources.
Dependency on the grants is to the extent of 15 percent.

Though Property tax is the largest own source revenue income, there is still a
scope for improvement by expanding the base by way of covering un-assessed
properties. The average collection on current demand is around 55 percent
whereas average collection against recovery of arrears is just about 6% giving
an overall collection performance of 19 percent.

Revenue Expenditure

It is observed that about 60-65% of the total revenue income is being spent on
the salaries and other related costs which is well above the average when
compared to other local bodies the range being 30-40 percent of revenue
income.

Capital Account status

The capital account has consistently given a surplus indicating that there is an
underutilization of funds available for carrying out the development work.

14.4 OVERVIEW OF NDMC FINANCES

This section covers the details of financial performance of New Delhi Municipal
Council (NDMC) during the last five years. NDMC performs the same functions as
MCD. The difference being, NDMC covers a much smaller area. NDMC generates
its revenue mostly through provision of electricity; water supply etc. and its
major expenditure heads are education, water supply & sanitation, social
welfare etc. Revenue income of NDMC has grown to a level of Rs. 1078.98
crores in the FY 2004-05 from the level of Rs. 749.52 crores in the FY 2000-01.
The revenue income has grown at an average annual growth rate of 10.04
percent against an annual average rate of increase of 6.57 percent in case of
revenue expenditure thus indicating a surplus position during this period.

Table 14.8: Final Status of NDMC (in Rs. Crores)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
A. Revenue Account
Income 749.52 770.87 883.38 863.35 1078.98
Expenditure 747.22 743.68 775.72 801.48 954.84
Surplus 2.3 27.19 107.66 61.87 124.14
B. Capital Account
Income 11.21 11.71 10.18 15.08 13.74
Expenditure 14.99 19.61 9.8 15.8 11.64

14-11

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Surplus/(Deficit) (-3.78) (-7.9) 0.38 (-0.72) 2.1
Source: Budgets 2002-03 to 2006-07, NDMC

The capital account consists of grants & loans for activities relating to
infrastructure development & improvement of basic services such as medical,
education etc.


The revenue account comprises of two components, revenue income and
revenue expenditure. Revenue income comprises of internal/own resources in
the form of tax and non-tax items. External resources are in the form of shared
taxes/transfers and revenue grants from the State Government. Revenue
expenditure comprises of expenditure incurred on salaries, operation &
maintenance expenditure and debt servicing.

Revenue Income

Revenue income comprises receipts generated through Own Sources as well as
receipts in the form of Assigned Revenues and Grants.

Own sources

Own source of revenue income includes income in the form of taxes, fees &
fines, supply of electricity, supply of water etc. Own sources are further
classified into tax and non-tax sources.

Tax Sources: About 19 percent of the total revenues are derived from the
Tax sources which include House Tax, Duty on Transfer of Property,
Advertisement Tax and other taxes.

Non-Tax Sources: NDMCs major earnings are through non-tax sources,
which include income, generated through supply of electricity, which forms
60 percent of the total revenue. The revenue income has increased from Rs.
749.51 crore in FY 2000-01 to Rs.1078.97 crore in FY 2004-05.

Table 14.9: Source wise break-up of Revenue income (in Rs. Crore)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Own sources 726.79 743.06 853.30 827.79 1022.90
Grants 19.37 23.54 23.81 29.17 44.79
Assigned revenue 3.36 4.28 6.28 6.39 11.29
Total 749.51 770.88 883.40 863.35 1078.97


14-12

External Assistance

This head comprises receipts in the form of Assigned Revenue and Grants,
which form 4 percent of the total revenue.

Main Features of Revenue account (Receipts) are as follows:

Income from own sources accounts for about 96 percent of the total
revenue.

Revenue from sale of electricity accounts for about 59 percent of the total
revenue and has shown an average annual growth rate of 3.47 percent

Income from tax sources has shown an average annual growth rate of 15
percent.

Table 14.10: Major head wise break-up of revenue Income (in Rs. Crore)

Item
2000-
01
2001-
02
2002-
03
2003-
04
2004-05 Average
% of total
revenue
Taxes & other
duties 102.83 123.95 152.17 145.92 176.53 140.28 16.14%
Interest 30.28 24.55 32.53 27.43 178.94 58.75 6.76%
Administrative
Department 6.83 0.41 5.32 0.46 1.28 2.86 0.33%
Social &
Development
Services 4.24 3.43 3.31 3.43 4.17 3.72 0.43%
Electricity 470.32 483.71 534.14 534.70 537.34 512.04 58.91%
Water Supply 0.00 2.02 0.00 15.02 14.46 6.30 0.72%
Roads 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00%
Other Municipal
Works 94.23 97.14 112.40 97.92 109.75 102.29 11.77%
Loans & Advances
to Employees 1.56 1.46 1.29 1.38 1.06 1.35 0.16%
Misc. External
Assistance 19.37 23.54 23.81 29.17 44.79 28.14 3.24%
Deposit Works 19.86 10.66 18.41 7.92 10.66 13.50 1.55%
TOTAL 749.52 770.87 883.38 863.35 1078.98 869.22 100%

Source wise break-up of Revenue
Assigned
revenue
1%
Grants
3%
Own sources
96%
Own sources
Grants
Assigned revenue

14-13

Revenue Expenditure

Revenue expenditure has been analysed based on expenditure heads broadly
classified under the following heads: Taxes & other Duties, Interest,
Administrative Department, Social & Development Services, Electricity, Water
Supply, Roads and Other Municipal Works etc.

Revenue expenditure grew from Rs.747.22 crores in the FY 2000-01 to Rs.
954.84 crores in FY 2004-05 at an average annual growth rate of 6.57 percent.
The major items of expenditure include Electricity (41%), Social & Development
Services (16%), Water Supply (6%) and Administrative Department (19%).

Table 14.11: Major Head wise break-up of Revenue Expenditure (in Rs. Crore)

Item
2000-
01
2001-
02
2002-
03
2003-
04
2004-
05
Average
% of
total
revenue
Taxes & other
duties
0.92 0.95 1.20 1.27 1.33 1.13 0.14
Interest
42.85 7.11 5.44 4.83 1.89 12.42 1.54
Administrative
Department
110.59 125.26 168.02 139.42 228.36 154.33 19.18
Social &
Development
Services
123.01 124.21 121.65 136.24 144.62 129.95 16.15
Electricity
272.62 334.86 335.46 354.49 370.49 333.58 41.46
Water Supply
55.61 47.20 39.57 47.85 61.53 50.35 6.26
Components of Revenue Expenditure
Taxes & other duties
0.14%
Loans & Advances to
Employees
0.14%
Interest
2%
Administrative
Department
19%
Misc. External
Assistance
3%
Deposit Works
1%
Water Supply
6%
Other Municipal Works
9%
Roads
2%
Electricity
42%
Social&Dvlpmnt
Services
16%
Taxes & other
duties
Interest
Administrative
Department
Social&Dvlpmnt
Services
Electricity
Water Supply
Roads
Other Municipal
Works
Loans & Advances
to Employees
Misc. External
Assistance
Deposit Works

14-14

Item
2000-
01
2001-
02
2002-
03
2003-
04
2004-
05
Average
% of
total
revenue
Roads
12.23 15.05 16.43 25.84 13.30 16.57 2.06
Other Municipal
Works
72.12 63.20 68.42 77.15 93.13 74.80 9.30
Loans &
Advances to
Employees
1.44 1.43 1.04 0.94 0.62 1.09 0.14
Misc. External
Assistance
40.23 12.25 10.46 7.34 33.83 20.82 2.59
Deposit Works
15.60 12.16 8.03 6.11 5.74 9.53 1.18
TOTAL
747.22 743.68 775.72 801.48 954.84 804.59 100
S
o
u
r
c
e
:

B
u
d
g
e
t
s

2
0
0
2
-
0
3

Debt Servicing

A review of the loan statement of NDMC reveals that as on 31.3.2004 NDMC had
Rs.32.01 crores as outstanding loan. During the FY 2004-2005 it repaid the
whole of this amount together with an outflow on account of interest of Rs.1.88
crores. NDMC has become a zero debt corporation since then.

Establishment Expenditure

Establishment expenditure (inclusive of Bonus, Gratuity, Pension & other
employee benefits) of all sections accounts for just about 36 percent of the
total revenue expenditure. The growth in this component has been at an
overall average annual growth rate of 6.04 percent.

Components of Revenue Expenditure
Taxes & other
duties
0.14%
Loans & Advances
to Employees
0.14%
Interest
2%
Administrative
Department
19%
Misc. External
Assistance
3%
Deposit Works
1%
Water Supply
6%
Other Municipal
Works
9%
Roads
2%
Electricity
42%
Social&Dvlpmnt
Services
16%
Taxes & other
duties
Interest
Administrative
Department
Social&Dvlpmnt
Services
Electricity
Water Supply
Roads
Other Municipal
Works
Loans & Advances
to Employees
Misc. External
Assistance

14-15

Table 14.12: Establishment Expenditure

Items 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Salary &
Allowance
208.58 221.01 231.59 254.40 265.91 236.30
Other Employee
Cost
47.25 44.02 47.51 56.86 56.99 50.52
Total 255.83 265.03 279.10 311.26 322.89 286.82
% of Revenue
Expenditure
34.24 35.64 35.98 38.84 33.82 35.70
% of Revenue
Income
34.13 34.38 31.59 36.05 29.93 33.22


Capital Income : Capital
income is basically the plan
funding received from various
agencies for carrying out work
under the various heads. A
major portion of the receipts
received under this head is
allocated for Roads & Bridges.
MLA Constituency Fund gets
the second largest share. The
figure for the five-year period
is as given below:

Table 14.13: Plan funding for 5 Years (in Rs. Crore)

Items 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Roads & Bridges 1.68 3.00 1.75 7.42 5.75
Water Supply &
Sanitation 1.50 0.50 0.63 1.25 0.63
Housing - - -
- -
Urban development 2.01 1.68 1.50 0.32 0.60
Education 1.73 1.58 1.08 0.63 0.50
Welfare of SC/ST/OBC 0.15 - -
- -
Medical 0.31 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00
Public Health 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.30 0.21
Agriculture & Allied
Services - - -
- -
Power - - -
- -
Economic Services - - -
- -
Nutrition 0.27 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.75
Labour & Labour
Welfare 0.05 0.01 - 0.01 -
Social Welfare 0.53 - - - -
Sports & Youth Services 0.04 - - - -
MLA Constituency Fund 2.94 4.14 4.35 4.35 4.30
TOTAL 11.21 11.71 10.18 15.08 13.74

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Capit al Expendit ure
Capit al Receipt s

14-16

Capital Expenditure

The trend for capital expenditure has been varying over the five-year period. It
saw a sharp fall in the year 2002-03. The major heads of capital expenditure
include Roads & Bridges, Water Supply & Sanitation, and Social Welfare etc.
The break up for major heads has been presented in a table below.

Table 14.14: Plan expenditure for 5 Years (In Rs. Crore)

Items 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Roads & Bridges 3.40 4.46 2.48 6.30 5.75
Water Supply &
Sanitation 1.93 1.66 0.68 0.82 0.77
Housing - - - - -
Urban development 1.19 0.70 0.20 0.41 0.68
Education 2.52 1.68 0.87 1.32 0.58
Welfare of
SC/ST/OBC 0.10 0.10 - 0.19 -
Medical 0.40 0.21 0.08 0.45 1.47
Public Health 0.08 0.07 0.23 0.39 0.29
Agriculture & Allied
Services 0.32 0.02 0.14 0.12 -
Power 2.89 6.70 - - -
Economic Services - 0.00 - - -
Nutrition 0.25 0.39 0.21 0.22 0.42
Labour & Labour
Welfare 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.09 -
Social Welfare 0.47 0.50 0.22 0.15 (0.00)
Sports & Youth
Services 0.06 - 0.02 - -
MLA Constituency
Fund 1.35 3.12 4.64 5.33 1.68
TOTAL 14.99 19.61 9.80 15.80 11.64

14.4.3 Key Issues and Conclusions

Table 14.15: Key Indicators

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Operating Ratio 1.00 0.96 0.88 0.93 0.88
Share of assigned revenue
(%)
0.45 0.56 0.71 0.74 1.05
Share of grants (%) 2.58 3.05 2.70 3.38 4.15
Share of internal sources
(%)
96.97 96.39 96.59 95.88 94.80
Share of Establishment
Expenditure to Revenue
Expenditure (%)
34.24 35.64 35.98 38.84 33.82
Share of Establishment
Expenditure to Revenue
Income (%)
34.13 34.38 31.59 36.05 29.93


14-17

The following issues emerge from the above analysis carried out on the finances
of NDMC.

Revenue Account Status

The revenue account of NDMC from the year 2002-03 has shown a healthy
surplus. The operating ratio over the period of analysis has hovered around
unity indicating that revenue income is being wholly utilized to meet
expenditure.

Revenue Income

NDMC is generating about 96% of income through its own sources which clearly
indicates that it is able to self sustain and the reliance on the grants is minimal.
The surplus in the account implies that the funds are available to meet the
deficiency in the Capital account as and when it arises

Revenue Expenditure

It is observed that about 30-35% of the total revenue income is being spent on
the salaries and other related costs which is well below the average when
compared to other local bodies.

14.5 OVERVIEW OF DJB FINANCES

This section briefly covers the financial status of the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). DJB
is committed for augmentation of water supply in Delhi and has taken several
steps in this direction. The main sources of revenue for DJB are water charges,
gas charges, scavenging tax, and development charges. On carrying out the
analysis from the limited data made available, it can be seen that DJB finances
are not in good condition, since, in five years under review, there was a
deficient balance on revenue account on year to year basis without considering
previous year balances. On the other hand the capital account has consistently
shown a surplus thereby implying that capital income is being utilized to fund
revenue expenditure.


Table 14.16: Revenue Account status of DJB (in Rs. Crore)

Items 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
A. Revenue Account
Income 286.18 403.84 841.45 542.87 530.20
Expenditure (inclusive of Loan
& Interest repayment) 700.77 891.64 1071.28 1025.26 1344.05
Surplus/(Deficit) (414.59) (487.80) (229.83) (482.39) (813.85)
Source: Information supplied by DJB, 2006


14-18

Revenue Income

Revenue Income is primarily categorized into two sources internal sources and
non-plan assistance. The variations in the level of income are on account of the
high degree of fluctuation in the quantum of NonPlan assistance. The income
generated from internal sources has more or less stayed stable and has
increased at annual average growth rate of 7.65 percent.

Table 14.17: Source wise break-up of Revenue income

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Internal Sources 211.18 213.84 230.82 241.87 280.20 235.58
Non plan assistance 75.00 190.00 610.63 301.00 250.00 285.33
Total 286.18 403.84 841.45 542.87 530.20 520.91

As depicted in the figure below, around 45 percent of revenue income comes
from internal sources and 55 percent comes from non-plan assistance.

Source wise Revenue break-up
Internal
Sources
45%
Non plan
assistance
55%
Internal Sources
Non plan assistance

Revenue Expenditure

The revenue expenditure has increased at an annual average growth rate of
18.5 percent. A major part of revenue expenditure is attributable to debt
repayment. Since revenue account has deficient balance it can be implied that
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
I
n

R
s
.

c
r
o
r
e
Revenue receipt
Revenue
Expenditure

14-19

not just the operational costs but also the repayments of Principal amount of
loans is being funded through the Capital account. The operational expenses
have increased at an average annual growth rate of 25.5 percent.

Table 14.18: Revenue Expenditure

Expenditure
Year

Total expense Repayment of loan
and interest
Net Operational
expenses
2000-01 700.77 357.15 343.62
2001-02 891.64 410.97 480.67
2002-03 1071.28 499.14 572.14
2003-04 1025.26 509.88 515.38
2004-05 1344.05 555.52 788.53


Capital Income : The capital income comprises of grants & loans received from
Government of NCT of Delhi. It is paid to DJB on submission of request to Delhi
Government. The grants are primarily utilized for providing water supply to
weaker sections supply of water through tankers to unauthorized colonies. The
receipts on capital account are mainly under heads: Water & Sewerage. Loans
account for 93 percent of the total capital receipts and the balance is received
in the form of Grants.

Table 14.19: Source-wise Breakup of Capital Receipts

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Grants 64.1 60.02 58.15 7.50 7.80
Loans 381.43 439.45 570.45 601.23 686.96
Total 445.53 499.47 628.60 608.73 694.76

Capital Expenditure : Capital expenditure is directed towards development of
fixed assets under the broad classification of Water & Sewerage. The analysis of
last five years shows that capital expenditure varies between Rs. 375.75 crores
to Rs. 674.89 crores.

Source Wise Break-up of Capital Receipts
Grants
7%
Loans
93%
Grants
Loans

14-20

Table 14.20: Capital income and expenditure of DJB (in Rs. Crore)

Year Receipt Expenditure
Water Sewerage Total Water Sewerage Total
2000-01 259.3 186.23 445.53 239.56 136.19 375.75
2001-02 317.3 182.17 499.47 393.56 176.85 570.41
2002-03 454.49 174.11 628.6 456.64 137.8 594.44
2003-04 446.55 162.18 608.73 453.43 140.19 593.62
2004-05 492.74 202.02 694.76 473.49 201.4 674.89

14.5.3 Key Issues & Conclusions

The revenue and capital balances indicate that DJB is not quite able to meet its
recurrent expenditure out of its own sources. As explained above the capital
receipts generate maximum revenues. The operating ratio has been more than
unity indicating a trend of going beyond means. The authority has been
servicing its debts by utilizing capital receipts thus implying that instead of
asset creation the capital receipts are being diverted towards meeting
recurring expenses.

Annexure 14-1- Municipal Corporation of Delhi- Detailed Finances
Head of Account 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Part I: Non Plan Income and Expenditure
OPENING BALANCE 0.20 139.61 145.96 128.04 204.45 115.62
Revenue Receipts
A Internal Revenues
A1 Municipal Taxes and Rates
1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas 558.94 613.11 687.00 704.15 768.94 645.88
2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals 0.40 0.43 0.49 0.63 0.87 1.10
3 Theater Tax 0.66 0.73 0.82 0.09 0.13 0.09
4 Tax on Advertisement 6.92 7.59 8.51 10.38 11.59 17.51
5 Tax on Building Permission 0.47 0.51 0.57 0.39 2.88 1.10
6 Toll tax 46.26 50.74 56.85 53.98 68.03 78.06
7 Duty on Transfer of Property 64.28 70.51 79.01 112.98 143.37 167.94
8 Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity 54.63 59.93 67.15 75.92 84.44 162.46
Sub Total- A1 732.57 803.56 900.41 958.52 1,080.25 1,074.13
A2 Rents and Fees
1 Fines and Process Fee 3.16 3.47 3.29 3.65 6.70 8.89
2 Education Fee 0.23 0.47 0.51 0.25 0.24 0.26
3 Fines for Cattle Pounds 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.19 0.13
4 Fees from Hospitals 0.99 1.09 1.27 1.13 1.16 1.22
5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 1.25 0.27
6 Tehbazari fee etc 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.94 3.79 28.23
7 Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings 3.83 4.20 4.10 8.00 8.27 11.40
8 Special Registration for Trades 3.39 3.72 4.01 4.28 3.99 3.80
9 Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning 3.12 4.78 3.21 4.23 4.89 5.03
10 Miscellaneous 3.75 3.90 4.19 1.31 1.27 1.28
Sub Total- A2 18.47 21.62 20.57 27.71 31.74 60.53
A3 Others
1 Development Charges 13.69 15.02 13.93 3.78 6.03 5.99
2 Road Restoration Charges 38.46 42.19 64.45 41.72 17.11 5.57
3 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes 0.00 0.00 3.14 24.76 62.61 9.81
Actuals
Rs. Crores
1
Head of Account 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals
Rs. Crores
4 Others 82.34 88.96 158.70 129.04 39.36 87.02
Sub Total- A3 134.49 146.16 240.23 199.30 125.10 108.39
Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3) 885.53 971.35 1,161.21 1,185.53 1,237.09 1,243.05
B External Revenues
1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 190.04 227.55 247.94 296.80 295.29 347.01
2 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant 103.29 93.95 101.51 117.17 119.73 358.42
3 Ways and Means Advance 180.00 80.00 60.00 60.00 0.00 310.00
Sub Total- B 473.33 401.50 409.45 473.97 415.02 1,015.42
Grand Total Receipts 1,358.86 1,372.85 1,570.66 1,659.50 1,652.11 2,258.48
Revenue Expenditure
1 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc 38.22 48.00 53.20 53.12 56.14 65.75
2 Education 371.97 338.94 333.25 369.41 390.83 455.88
3 Libraries 1.21 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.97 1.31
4 Public Health 39.01 37.42 37.74 39.22 40.92 48.38
5 Medical Relief 125.37 124.45 127.52 147.10 166.18 190.28
6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning 260.24 263.40 275.98 298.98 334.82 378.60
7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers 73.41 11.13 8.83 11.40 11.22 11.60
8 Roads and Public Lighting 121.33 107.65 154.71 132.04 152.27 192.61
9 Markets and Slaughter Houses 3.21 3.28 2.66 4.91 4.46 3.32
10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments 2.05 2.38 2.19 2.17 2.14 2.35
11 Gardens and Open Spaces 58.16 61.87 65.07 63.90 69.82 82.69
12 Development Charges 3.12 4.38 3.85 2.73 2.07 6.10
13 Miscellaneous 239.70 337.55 478.97 443.08 396.65 405.41
14 Building Lan Acquisition and Management 21.94 24.11 22.25 21.80 26.81 30.86
15 Reserves for unforeseen 0.00 7.57 3.78 33.55 22.43 75.32
Grand Total Expenditure 1,358.94 1,372.80 1,570.65 1,624.07 1,677.73 1,950.47
-0.09 0.04 0.01 35.43 -25.62 308.01
Part II: Plan Schemes and Resettlement Colonies
Receipts
A Grants
REVENUE ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT)
2
Head of Account 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals
Rs. Crores
1 Education Related Items 0.00 89.57 0.00 117.35 85.48 144.74
2 Public Health and Medical 19.52 0.00 38.20 36.00 19.52
3 Roads- Urban 76.00 0.00 85.50 93.46 100.00
4 Roads-Rural 17.90 0.00 20.00 12.28 19.85
6 Slaughter House 0.38 0.00 0.19 0.51 0.13
10 Development of Urban Villages 12.00 0.00 12.00 14.27 0.00
11 Conservancies Schemes 90.00 0.00 92.00 97.61 91.51
12 Veternity Hospitals 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
13 Environmental Improvement 6.11 0.00 10.00 9.94 7.72
14 Community Infrastructure 5.50 0.00 6.50 7.63 7.83
15 Resettlement Colonies 63.47 0.00 48.50 22.69 25.62
16 Provision of Sanitation Services 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.14 9.20
17 Computerization 0.25 0.00 2.00 0.93 0.51
18 Trans- Yamuna 26.76 0.00 40.00 40.00 48.79
19 MLA and MP LAD Schemes 102.60 0.00 136.94 136.42 121.18
20 Others 4.94 0.00 20.00 26.08 54.89
Total- Grants 0.00 515.00 549.45 629.18 600.46 651.46
3
Head of Account 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals
Rs. Crores
B Loans
1 Housing 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 0.00
2 Infrastructure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Deve.of authorised & unauthroised Colonies 44.77 0.00 103.00 75.59 83.59
4 Others 0.13 0.00 0.06 2.52 4.29
5 Development of Rural Villages 18.04 0.00 0.00 32.65 44.70
6 Development of Urban Villages 0.00 0.00 19.25
Total- Loans 0.00 62.94 69.90 105.06 112.75 151.84
Total Plan Income 0.00 577.94 619.35 734.24 713.21 803.29
Expenditure
Revenue
Miscellaneous Schemes 0.24 0.00 0.98 1.92 0.61
Education Related Items 56.21 0.00 38.13 48.97 52.97
Public Health and Medical 92.71 0.00 112.48 107.81 102.72
Medical 7.51 0.00 11.36 8.62 12.25
Capital
Education Related Items 63.10 0.00 61.29 52.22 88.98
Public Health and Medical 5.66 0.00 12.61 10.57 7.09
Roads 97.32 0.00 114.18 104.37 124.91
Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies 150.25 0.00 177.24 177.40 198.29
Environmental Improvement 3.53 0.00 9.95 16.75 15.77
MLA and MP LAD Schemes 81.44 0.00 112.29 179.94 58.55
Trans- Yamuna 23.84 0.00 30.79 48.85 44.09
Others 14.49 0.00 11.96 19.00 20.86
Total Expenditure 0.00 596.29 612.62 693.26 776.42 727.11
0.00 -18.35 6.73 40.98 -63.21 76.19
-0.09 -18.31 6.74 76.41 -88.83 384.20
CLOSING BALANCE 0.12 121.31 152.70 204.45 115.62 499.82
Summary of Municipal Accounts
CAPITALACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT)
OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR
4
Head of Account 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals
Rs. Crores
Opening Balance 0.20 139.61 145.96 128.04 204.45 115.62
Receipts
1 Revenue Account 1,358.86 1,372.85 1,570.66 1,659.50 1,652.11 2,258.48
2 Capital Account 0.00 577.94 619.35 734.24 713.21 803.29
3 Advances and Deposits 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Grand Municipal Income 1,358.86 1,950.79 2,190.00 2,393.74 2,365.32 3,061.77
Expenditure
1 Revenue Account 1,358.94 1,372.80 1,570.65 1,624.07 1,677.73 1,950.47
2 Capital Account 0.00 596.29 612.62 693.26 776.42 727.11
Grand Municipal Expenditure 1,358.94 1,969.10 2,183.27 2,317.33 2,454.15 2,677.57
Municipal Account Status
Closing Balance 0.12 121.31 152.70 204.45 115.62 499.82
Summary of Financial Indicators
1 Operating Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.02 0.86
2 Capital Utilisation Ratio - 1.03 0.99 0.94 1.09 0.91
3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.
4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment
5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.
5
Annexure 14-1- Municipal Corporation of Delh
Head of Account
OPENING BALANCE
Revenue Receipts
A Internal Revenues
1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas
2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals
3 Theater Tax
4 Tax on Advertisement
5 Tax on Building Permission
6 Toll tax
7 Duty on Transfer of Property
8 Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity
Sub Total- A1
A2 Rents and Fees
1 Fines and Process Fee
2 Education Fee
3 Fines for Cattle Pounds
4 Fees from Hospitals
5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses
6 Tehbazari fee etc
7 Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings
8 Special Registration for Trades
9 Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning
10 Miscellaneous
Sub Total- A2
A3 Others
1 Development Charges
2 Road Restoration Charges
3 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
41.13 44.66 43.74 42.43 46.54 28.60 41.19
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02
0.51 0.55 0.54 0.63 0.70 0.78 0.64
0.03 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.17 0.05 0.06
3.40 3.70 3.62 3.25 4.12 3.46 3.63
4.73 5.14 5.03 6.81 8.68 7.44 6.62
4.02 4.37 4.28 4.58 5.11 7.19 5.10
53.91 58.53 57.33 57.76 65.39 47.56 57.31
0.23 0.25 0.21 0.22 0.41 0.39 0.30
0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.07
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.01 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.23 1.25 0.34
0.28 0.31 0.26 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.41
0.25 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.17 0.24
0.23 0.35 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.22 0.27
0.28 0.28 0.27 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.15
1.36 1.57 1.31 1.67 1.92 2.68 1.83
1.01 1.09 0.89 0.23 0.36 0.27 0.57
2.83 3.07 4.10 2.51 1.04 0.25 2.19
0.00 0.00 0.20 1.49 3.79 0.43 1.18
Percentage
Sectoral Contribution
6
Head of Account
4 Others
Sub Total- A3
Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3)
B External Revenues
1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned
2 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant
3 Ways and Means Advance
Sub Total- B
Grand Total Receipts
Revenue Expenditure
1 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc
2 Education
3 Libraries
4 Public Health
5 Medical Relief
6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning
7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers
8 Roads and Public Lighting
9 Markets and Slaughter Houses
10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments
11 Gardens and Open Spaces
13 Miscellaneous
14 Building Lan Acquisition and Management
15 Reserves for unforeseen
Grand Total Expenditure
Receipts
A Grants
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Percentage
6.06 6.48 10.10 7.78 2.38 3.85 6.12
9.90 10.65 15.30 12.01 7.57 4.80 10.06
65.17 70.75 73.93 71.44 74.88 55.04 69.21
13.99 16.57 15.79 17.88 17.87 15.36 16.70
7.60 6.84 6.46 7.06 7.25 15.87 8.70
13.25 5.83 3.82 3.62 0.00 13.73 5.40
34.83 29.25 26.07 28.56 25.12 44.96 30.79
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
2.81 3.50 3.39 3.27 3.35 3.37 3.37
27.37 24.69 21.22 22.75 23.30 23.37 23.06
0.09 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.05
2.87 2.73 2.40 2.41 2.44 2.48 2.49
9.23 9.07 8.12 9.06 9.91 9.76 9.18
19.15 19.19 17.57 18.41 19.96 19.41 18.91
5.40 0.81 0.56 0.70 0.67 0.59 0.67
8.93 7.84 9.85 8.13 9.08 9.88 8.95
0.24 0.24 0.17 0.30 0.27 0.17 0.23
0.15 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.14
4.28 4.51 4.14 3.93 4.16 4.24 4.20
0.23 0.32 0.24 0.17 0.12 0.31 0.23
17.64 24.59 30.50 27.28 23.64 20.79 25.36
1.61 1.76 1.42 1.34 1.60 1.58 1.54
0.00 0.55 0.24 2.07 1.34 3.86 1.61
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
7
Head of Account
1 Education Related Items
2 Public Health and Medical
3 Roads- Urban
4 Roads-Rural
6 Slaughter House
10 Development of Urban Villages
11 Conservancies Schemes
12 Veternity Hospitals
13 Environmental Improvement
14 Community Infrastructure
15 Resettlement Colonies
16 Provision of Sanitation Services
17 Computerization
18 Trans- Yamuna
19 MLA and MP LAD Schemes
20 Others
Total- Grants
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Percentage
15.50 0.00 15.98 11.99 18.02 12.30
3.38 0.00 5.20 5.05 2.43 3.21
13.15 0.00 11.64 13.10 12.45 10.07
3.10 0.00 2.72 1.72 2.47 2.00
0.06 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.04
2.08 0.00 1.63 2.00 0.00 1.14
15.57 0.00 12.53 13.69 11.39 10.64
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.06 0.00 1.36 1.39 0.96 0.95
0.95 0.00 0.89 1.07 0.97 0.78
10.98 0.00 6.61 3.18 3.19 4.79
0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 1.15 0.71
0.04 0.00 0.27 0.13 0.06 0.10
4.63 0.00 5.45 5.61 6.07 4.35
17.75 0.00 18.65 19.13 15.09 14.12
0.85 0.00 2.72 3.66 6.83 2.81
89.11 88.71 85.69 84.19 81.10 85.76
8
Head of Account
B Loans
1 Housing
2 Infrastructure
3 Deve.of authorised & unauthroised Colonies
4 Others
5 Development of Rural Villages
Total- Loans
Total Plan Income
Expenditure
Revenue
Miscellaneous Schemes
Education Related Items
Public Health and Medical
Medical
Capital
Roads
Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies
Environmental Improvement
MLA and MP LAD Schemes
Trans- Yamuna
Others
Total Expenditure
CLOSING BALANCE
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Percentage
0.00 0.00 0.27 0.28 0.00 0.11
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.75 0.00 14.03 10.60 10.41 8.56
0.02 0.00 0.01 0.35 0.53 0.18
3.12 0.00 0.00 4.58 5.57 2.65
10.89 11.29 14.31 15.81 18.90 14.24
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
0.04 0.00 0.14 0.25 0.08 0.10
9.43 0.00 5.50 6.31 7.29 5.70
15.55 0.00 16.23 13.89 14.13 11.96
1.26 0.00 1.64 1.11 1.68 1.14
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10.58 0.00 8.84 6.73 12.24 7.68
0.95 0.00 1.82 1.36 0.98 1.02
16.32 0.00 16.47 13.44 17.18 12.68
25.20 0.00 25.57 22.85 27.27 20.18
0.59 0.00 1.43 2.16 2.17 1.27
13.66 0.00 16.20 23.18 8.05 12.22
4.00 0.00 4.44 6.29 6.06 4.16
2.43 0.00 1.73 2.45 2.87 1.89
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
9
Head of Account
Opening Balance
Receipts
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
3 Advances and Deposits
Grand Municipal Income
Expenditure
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
Grand Municipal Expenditure
Closing Balance
1 Operating Ratio
2 Capital Utilisation Ratio
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Percentage
10
Head of Account
OPENING BALANCE
Revenue Receipts
A Internal Revenues
1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas
2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals
3 Theater Tax
4 Tax on Advertisement
5 Tax on Building Permission
6 Toll tax
7 Duty on Transfer of Property
8 Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity
Sub Total- A1
A2 Rents and Fees
1 Fines and Process Fee
2 Education Fee
3 Fines for Cattle Pounds
4 Fees from Hospitals
5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses
6 Tehbazari fee etc
8 Special Registration for Trades
9 Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning
10 Miscellaneous
Sub Total- A2
A3 Others
2 Road Restoration Charges
3 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGR
3.49
-- 9.69 12.05 2.50 9.20 -16.00 3.49 1.31
-- 9.69 12.05 29.48 38.61 26.41 23.25 26.27
-- 9.69 12.05 -89.50 49.59 -28.63 -9.36 -40.47
-- 9.69 12.05 21.97 11.66 51.04 21.28 23.21
-- 9.69 12.05 -32.15 638.15 -61.76 113.20 21.03
-- 9.69 12.05 -5.06 26.04 14.75 11.49 11.37
-- 9.69 12.05 43.00 26.90 17.13 21.75 24.23
-- 9.69 12.05 13.07 11.22 92.39 27.68 28.32
-- 9.69 12.05 6.45 12.70 -0.57 8.07 7.52
--
-- 9.69 -5.05 10.74 83.86 32.71 26.39 26.56
-- 106.93 8.42 -50.00 -5.58 10.99 14.15 -13.18
-- 1.75 -27.40 -12.82 NA
-- 9.69 16.93 -11.32 3.00 4.89 4.64 2.88
-- 67.52 -78.08 -5.28 NA
-- -3.81 645.52 320.86 NA
-- 9.69 -2.50 95.26 3.38 37.87 28.74 28.35
-- 9.69 7.86 6.81 -6.85 -4.72 2.56 0.56
-- 53.27 -32.87 31.84 15.63 2.81 14.14 1.28
-- 3.86 7.36 -68.68 -3.39 1.11 -11.95 -24.30
-- 17.05 -4.85 34.72 14.52 90.72 30.43 29.35
-- 9.69 -7.22 -72.86 59.30 -0.60 -2.34 -20.53
-- 9.69 52.78 -35.28 -58.98 -67.45 -19.85 -39.72
-- 688.02 152.88 -84.33 252.19 NA
Growth over Previous Year
Percentage
11
Head of Account
4 Others
Sub Total- A3
B External Revenues
1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned
2 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant
3 Ways and Means Advance
Sub Total- B
Revenue Expenditure
1 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc
2 Education
3 Libraries
4 Public Health
5 Medical Relief
6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning
7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers
8 Roads and Public Lighting
9 Markets and Slaughter Houses
10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments
11 Gardens and Open Spaces
13 Miscellaneous
14 Building Lan Acquisition and Management
15 Reserves for unforeseen
Receipts
A Grants
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGR
Percentage
-- 8.04 78.40 -18.69 -69.50 121.11 23.87 -0.55
-- 8.68 64.36 -17.04 -37.23 -13.36 1.08 -7.20
-- 9.69 19.55 2.09 4.35 0.48 7.23 6.36
--
-- 19.74 8.96 19.71 -0.51 17.51 13.08 11.13
-- -9.04 8.04 15.43 2.18 199.36 43.19 39.76
-- -55.56 -25.00 0.00 -100.00 -45.14 40.30
-- -15.18 1.98 15.76 -12.44 144.67 26.96 26.11
-- 1.03 14.41 5.66 -0.45 36.70 11.47 13.25
-- 25.58 10.83 -0.15 5.68 17.11 11.81 8.18
-- -8.88 -1.68 10.85 5.80 16.64 4.55 7.69
-- -45.75 -0.02 0.64 47.43 35.07 7.47 18.98
-- -4.07 0.85 3.92 4.33 18.25 4.66 6.63
-- -0.73 2.46 15.36 12.97 14.50 8.91 11.20
-- 1.21 4.77 8.34 11.99 13.08 7.88 9.49
-- -84.84 -20.66 29.09 -1.62 3.46 -14.91 1.04
-- -11.27 43.71 -14.65 15.32 26.50 11.92 15.65
-- 1.97 -18.72 84.49 -9.27 -25.45 6.60 0.35
-- 16.17 -7.94 -1.02 -1.10 9.52 3.13 -0.33
-- 6.39 5.16 -1.79 9.27 18.43 7.49 7.52
-- 40.30 -12.19 -29.04 -24.24 194.77 33.92 8.61
-- 40.82 41.90 -7.49 -10.48 2.21 13.39 4.69
-- 9.88 -7.71 -2.05 23.00 15.12 7.65 6.37
-- -50.07 787.47 -33.14 235.77 235.01 77.60
-- 1.02 14.41 3.40 3.30 16.26 7.68 9.18
12
Head of Account
1 Education Related Items
2 Public Health and Medical
3 Roads- Urban
4 Roads-Rural
6 Slaughter House
11 Conservancies Schemes
12 Veternity Hospitals
13 Environmental Improvement
14 Community Infrastructure
15 Resettlement Colonies
16 Provision of Sanitation Services
17 Computerization
18 Trans- Yamuna
19 MLA and MP LAD Schemes
20 Others
Total- Grants
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGR
Percentage
-- -100.00 -27.16 69.32 -19.28 12.75
-- -100.00 -5.75 -45.79 -50.51 -0.01
-- -100.00 9.31 6.99 -27.90 7.10
-- -100.00 -38.59 61.62 -25.66 2.61
-- -100.00 176.13 -75.61 0.17 -24.02
-- -100.00 18.95 -100.00 -60.35 -100.00
-- -100.00 6.09 -6.25 -33.38 0.42
-- NA
-- -100.00 -0.57 -22.37 -40.98 6.00
-- -100.00 17.41 2.54 -26.68 9.22
-- -100.00 -53.22 12.92 -46.77 -20.29
-- -46.34 -46.34 NA
-- -100.00 -53.43 -45.64 -66.36 19.29
-- -100.00 0.00 21.97 -26.01 16.20
-- -100.00 -0.38 -11.17 -37.18 4.25
-- -100.00 30.40 110.45 13.62 82.57
-- 6.69 -4.56 8.49 3.54 6.05
13
Head of Account
B Loans
1 Housing
2 Infrastructure
3 Deve.of authorised & unauthroised Colonies
4 Others
5 Development of Rural Villages
Total- Loans
Total Plan Income
Expenditure
Revenue
Miscellaneous Schemes
Medical
Capital
Roads
Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies
Environmental Improvement
MLA and MP LAD Schemes
Trans- Yamuna
Others
Total Expenditure
CLOSING BALANCE
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGR
Percentage
-- 0.00 -100.00 -50.00 NA
-- NA
-- -100.00 -26.62 10.60 -38.67 16.89
-- -100.00 3931.84 70.13 1300.66 142.00
-- -100.00 36.93 -31.53 25.46
--
-- 11.06 7.32 34.67 17.68 24.63
-- 7.16 -2.86 12.63 5.64 8.58
-- -100.00 96.08 -68.26 -24.06 25.91
-- -100.00 28.42 8.17 -21.14 -1.47
-- -100.00 -4.15 -4.72 -36.29 2.60
-- -100.00 -24.18 42.12 -27.35 13.00
-- -100.00 -14.79 70.40 -14.80 8.98
-- -100.00 -16.15 -32.93 -49.69 5.80
-- -100.00 -8.59 19.68 -29.64 6.44
-- -100.00 0.09 11.78 -29.38 7.18
-- -100.00 68.37 -5.81 -12.48 45.36
-- -100.00 60.25 -67.46 -35.74 -7.92
-- -100.00 58.63 -9.74 -17.04 16.62
-- -100.00 58.89 9.79 -10.44 9.55
-- 2.74 12.00 -6.35 2.79 5.08
14
Head of Account
Opening Balance
Receipts
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
Expenditure
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
Closing Balance
1 Operating Ratio
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGR
Percentage
15
Annexure 14-2- New Delhi Municipal Corporation- Detailed Finances
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
PART I: REVENUE INCOME & EXPENDITURE
Opening Balance 30.89 59.37 123.61 95.48
A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL
REVENUE
Taxes:
House tax
Govt property 7.17 9.24 15.76 16.14 17.28
Private property 82.29 101.02 117.05 111.74 130.32
Theater Tax 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01
Tax on Advertisement
0.03 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.10
Duty on Transfer of Property
7.10 6.10 5.58 7.95 13.28
Other Taxes
0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
Building related receipts
1.32 1.18 1.40 0.84 2.02
Fees & Fines:
Fines 0.14 0.07 0.26 0.21 0.16
Composition Fee 1.12 1.41 5.04 1.58 1.59
Sewer Connection fee 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.17 0.01
Compounding Fee 0.13 0.20 0.21 0.12 0.13
Inspection Fee 0.01 0.17 0.00 0.61 0.25
Others 0.06 0.06 0.40 0.06 0.07
Sub-Total (A) 99.47 119.67 145.89 139.54 165.24
B. OTHERS
Interest 30.28 24.55 32.53 27.43 178.94
Administrative Dept. 6.83 0.41 5.32 0.46 1.28
Social Services 4.24 3.43 3.31 3.43 4.17
Electricity 470.32 483.71 534.14 534.70 537.34
Receipts
In Rs. Crore
Actuals
HEADS OF ACCOUNT
1
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
In Rs. Crore
Actuals
HEADS OF ACCOUNT
Water Supply 0.00 2.02 0.00 15.02 14.46
Other Municipal works 94.23 97.14 112.40 97.92 109.75
Sub-Total (B) 605.89 611.26 687.71 678.96 845.93
C. EXTERNAL REVENUE
Advances to Employees 1.56 1.46 1.29 1.38 1.06
External Asistance 12.39 15.53 17.10 15.60 34.05
Assigned Taxes 3.36 4.28 6.28 6.39 11.29
Sub-Total (C) 17.32 21.27 24.67 23.36 46.40
TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C) 722.68 752.20 858.27 841.86 1057.57
Collection of Taxes & Duties 0.92 0.95 1.20 1.27 1.33
Interest 42.85 7.11 5.44 4.83 1.89
Administrative Dept 110.58 125.15 167.92 139.38 228.33
Education 38.88 37.74 39.38 43.53 45.72
Medical & Public Health 51.05 51.69 51.08 63.60 73.51
Animal Husbandry 0.38 0.40 0.46 0.40 0.35
Other social services 17.86 22.04 18.75 19.20 20.57
Palika Parking 0.88 0.87 0.68 0.57 0.55
Indoor Stadium 0.62 0.80 0.73 0.64 0.86
Night Shelters 0.43 0.31 0.35 0.39 0.08
Contribution to NDF 2.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
Electricity Supply 268.66 326.44 330.80 344.49 367.27
Water Supply 54.40 45.05 37.96 46.87 61.13
Roads 4.25 8.41 10.35 11.32 9.44
Other Municipal Works 55.36 52.18 58.09 61.59 87.16
Advances to Employees 1.44 1.43 1.04 0.94 0.62
External Assistance 40.23 12.25 10.46 7.34 33.83
TOTAL EXPENDITURE 691.79 692.83 734.66 746.38 933.65
Closing Balance 30.89 59.37 123.61 95.48 123.93
Expenditure
2
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
In Rs. Crore
Actuals
HEADS OF ACCOUNT
PART II : CAPITAL INCOME & EXPENDITURE
External Assistance 6.98 8.02 6.72 13.57 10.74
Deposit Works 19.86 10.66 18.41 7.92 10.66
TOTAL 26.83 18.68 25.13 21.49 21.40
Administrative Dept. 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.03 0.03
Education 1.27 1.27 1.16 1.24 0.76
Medical & Public Health 4.44 5.23 5.13 3.40 3.34
Animal Husbandry 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00
Other Social Sevices 4.19 3.86 3.86 3.27 1.95
Electricity Supply 3.96 8.42 4.66 9.99 3.22
Water Supply 1.21 2.15 1.60 0.98 0.40
Roads 7.98 6.64 6.09 14.52 9.61
Other Municipal Works 16.76 11.02 10.33 15.56 7.80
Deposit Works 15.60 12.16 8.03 6.11 5.74
TOTAL 55.44 50.84 41.04 55.10 32.84
Receipts
Expenditure
3
Annexure 14-2- New Delhi Municipal Cor
Opening Balance
REVENUE
Taxes:
House tax
Govt property
Private property
Theater Tax
Other Taxes
Fees & Fines:
Fines
Composition Fee
Sewer Connection fee
Compounding Fee
Inspection Fee
Others
Sub-Total (A)
B. OTHERS
Interest
Administrative Dept.
Social Services
Electricity
Receipts
HEADS OF ACCOUNT 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
0.99 1.23 1.84 1.92 1.63 1.52
11.39 13.43 13.64 13.27 12.32 12.81
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.98 0.81 0.65 0.94 1.26 0.93
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.18 0.16 0.16 0.10 0.19 0.16
0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02
0.15 0.19 0.59 0.19 0.15 0.25
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01
0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02
0.0015 0.0224 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02
4.19 3.26 3.79 3.26 16.92 6.28
0.94 0.05 0.62 0.06 0.12 0.36
0.59 0.46 0.39 0.41 0.39 0.45
65.08 64.31 62.23 63.51 50.81 61.19
4
HEADS OF ACCOUNT
Water Supply
Other Municipal works
Sub-Total (B)
C. EXTERNAL REVENUE
Advances to Employees
External Asistance
Assigned Taxes
Sub-Total (C)
TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C)
Collection of Taxes & Duties
Interest
Administrative Dept
Education
Medical & Public Health
Animal Husbandry
Other social services
Palika Parking
Indoor Stadium
Night Shelters
Contribution to NDF
Electricity Supply
Water Supply
Roads
External Assistance
TOTAL EXPENDITURE
Closing Balance
Expenditure
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
0.00 0.27 0.00 1.78 1.37 0.68
13.04 12.91 13.10 11.63 10.38 12.21
0.22 0.19 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.17
1.71 2.06 1.99 1.85 3.22 2.17
0.47 0.57 0.73 0.76 1.07 0.72
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
0.13 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.14 0.15
6.19 1.03 0.74 0.65 0.20 1.76
15.99 18.06 22.86 18.67 24.46 20.01
5.62 5.45 5.36 5.83 4.90 5.43
7.38 7.46 6.95 8.52 7.87 7.64
0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05
2.58 3.18 2.55 2.57 2.20 2.62
0.13 0.13 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.10
0.09 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10
0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.04
0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11
38.84 47.12 45.03 46.16 39.34 43.29
7.86 6.50 5.17 6.28 6.55 6.47
0.61 1.21 1.41 1.52 1.01 1.15
8.00 7.53 7.91 8.25 9.34 8.21
0.21 0.21 0.14 0.13 0.07 0.15
5.82 1.77 1.42 0.98 3.62 2.72
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
5
HEADS OF ACCOUNT
External Assistance
Deposit Works
TOTAL
Education
Animal Husbandry
Other Social Sevices
Electricity Supply
Water Supply
Roads
Deposit Works
TOTAL
Receipts
Expenditure
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
25.99 42.92 26.73 63.16 50.18 41.80
74.01 57.08 73.27 36.84 49.82 58.20
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
0.01 0.20 0.25 0.06 0.09 0.12
2.29 2.49 2.82 2.24 2.32 2.43
8.01 10.28 12.50 6.18 10.18 9.43
0.03 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.04
7.56 7.59 9.42 5.93 5.92 7.28
7.13 16.57 11.36 18.14 9.80 12.60
2.18 4.22 3.90 1.78 1.23 2.66
14.40 13.06 14.83 26.34 29.26 19.58
30.24 21.67 25.17 28.24 23.74 25.81
28.15 23.92 19.57 11.08 17.46 20.04
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
6
Annexure 14-2- New Delhi Municipal Cor
Opening Balance
REVENUE
Taxes:
House tax
Govt property
Private property
Theater Tax
Other Taxes
Fees & Fines:
Fines
Composition Fee
Sewer Connection fee
Compounding Fee
Inspection Fee
Others
Sub-Total (A)
B. OTHERS
Interest
Social Services
Electricity
Receipts
HEADS OF ACCOUNT 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
23.84 49.56 4.40 -14.80 15.75
17.94 1.54 -2.67 -7.16 2.41
-13.16 -66.44 285.14 -56.69 37.21
47.88 -31.99 123.12 2.26 35.32
-17.46 -19.75 45.09 33.03 10.23
247.51 8.26 14.09 11.78 70.41
-13.86 3.95 -38.54 90.83 10.59
-48.34 210.66 -15.81 -40.48 26.51
21.01 213.60 -68.11 -19.58 36.73
33.61 -22.23 28.96 -94.10 -13.44
48.16 -9.19 -40.64 -17.02 -4.67
14.44 -100.00 -68.19 -51.25
1.28 498.93 -85.92 1.42 103.93
-22.11 16.16 -14.03 419.23 99.81
-94.27 1045.58 -91.13 119.32 244.87
-22.15 -15.40 5.64 -3.32 -8.81
-1.19 -3.22 2.06 -20.00 -5.59
Growth rate
7
HEADS OF ACCOUNT
Water Supply
Other Municipal works
Sub-Total (B)
C. EXTERNAL REVENUE
External Asistance
Assigned Taxes
Sub-Total (C)
Collection of Taxes & Duties
Interest
Administrative Dept
Education
Animal Husbandry
Other social services
Palika Parking
Indoor Stadium
Night Shelters
Contribution to NDF
Electricity Supply
Water Supply
Roads
External Assistance
TOTAL EXPENDITURE
Closing Balance
Expenditure
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Growth rate
161851.75 -99.96 1531171.58 -23.36 423225.00
-0.95 1.41 -11.19 -10.78 -5.38
-10.10 -22.58 8.54 -38.42 -15.64
20.36 -3.50 -6.96 73.73 20.91
22.44 28.59 3.59 40.68 23.83
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.76 18.91 4.19 -16.09 2.44
-83.43 -27.88 -12.59 -68.77 -48.17
13.00 26.53 -18.29 30.96 13.05
-3.09 -1.60 8.82 -16.05 -2.98
1.09 -6.80 22.55 -7.60 2.31
5.78 7.61 -14.52 -29.43 -7.64
23.22 -19.79 0.82 -14.35 -2.53
-1.28 -27.08 -17.21 -22.83 -17.10
29.67 -14.64 -13.42 7.99 2.40
-27.25 7.05 8.54 -83.33 -23.75
-100.00 -100.00
21.32 -4.43 2.51 -14.77 1.16
-17.31 -20.53 21.53 4.26 -3.01
97.91 15.97 7.72 -33.33 22.07
-5.88 4.98 4.37 13.13 4.15
-1.21 -31.44 -10.87 -47.11 -22.66
-69.60 -19.46 -30.90 268.28 37.08
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8
HEADS OF ACCOUNT
External Assistance
Deposit Works
TOTAL
Education
Animal Husbandry
Other Social Sevices
Electricity Supply
Water Supply
Roads
Deposit Works
TOTAL
Receipts
Expenditure
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Growth rate
65.12 -37.73 136.31 -20.56 35.79
-22.87 28.37 -49.72 35.24 -2.25
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1981.94 20.89 -74.83 45.07 493.27
8.78 13.01 -20.38 3.36 1.19
28.35 21.66 -50.59 64.69 16.03
-100.00 -100.00 -100.00
0.41 24.10 -37.03 -0.13 -3.16
132.17 -31.42 59.65 -45.99 28.60
93.29 -7.51 -54.32 -31.17 0.07
-9.34 13.60 77.62 11.09 23.24
-28.32 16.13 12.20 -15.92 -3.98
-15.00 -18.22 -43.35 57.56 -4.75
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Opening Balance -3088.42 -3646.58 -3842.26 -4309.54
Revenue Receipts
A Water Supply
1 Water charges 160.85 178.30 166.59 206.45 39.77 21.19 30.69 36.55 32.05
a NDMC 15.92 18.04 16.06 20.82 3.94 2.14 2.96 3.69 3.18
b MES 4.66 3.43 4.69 6.19 1.15 0.41 0.86 1.10 0.88
2
Water charges (Transfer entry from
Plants and offices of DJB)
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3
Misc. Income
1.11 1.12 3.10 10.74 0.27 0.13 0.57 1.90 0.72
B Sewerage
1 Sewerage Charges (MCD) 16.85 11.80 0.00 0.00 4.17 1.40 0.00 0.00 1.39
a NDMC 10.20 12.27 9.84 13.83 2.52 1.46 1.81 2.45 2.06
b MES 2.99 3.65 2.87 4.11 0.74 0.43 0.53 0.73 0.61
2 Non-Plan Assistance 190.00 610.64 301.00 284.00 46.98 72.57 55.45 50.27 56.32
3 Misc. Income 1.83 2.19 38.72 18.77 0.45 0.26 7.13 3.32 2.79
TOTAL REVENUE INCOME 404.41 841.44 542.87 564.91 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Revenue Expenditure
1 Establishment 161.57 177.66 192.49 238.07 18.12 16.58 18.77 21.22 18.67
2 Other adminstrative Expenses 10.80 29.49 0.00 0.00 1.05 2.63 0.92
3 Power 222.41 271.14 224.36 236.00 24.94 25.31 21.88 21.04 23.29
4 Repair & Maintenance 26.85 22.09 21.71 15.76 3.01 2.06 2.12 1.40 2.15
5 General Stores and Chemicals 14.99 14.21 15.84 17.08 1.68 1.33 1.55 1.52 1.52
6 Cost of Raw Water 5.69 7.38 22.94 22.00 0.64 0.69 2.24 1.96 1.38
7 Property Tax 45.62 75.87 27.23 5.00 5.12 7.08 2.66 0.45 3.82
8 Repayment of loan and Interest 410.97 499.14 509.88 555.52 46.09 46.59 49.73 49.51 47.98
10 Cess 3.54 3.78 3.02 0.40 0.35 0.00 0.27 0.25
TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE 891.64 1071.28 1025.26 1121.94
Status- Surplus/Deficit -487.22 -229.84 -482.39 -557.03
Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- Detailed Finances
Actual
Capital Account
Revenue Account
Rs in Crore Percentage
Head of Account
1
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- Detailed Finances
Actual Sectoral Contribution
Head of Account
Capital Receipts
1 Water
Loan 265.30 399.84 439.05 484.94 53.12 63.61 72.13 69.80 64.66
Grant 52.00 54.65 7.50 7.80 10.41 8.69 1.23 1.12 5.36
2 Sewerage
Loan 174.15 170.61 162.18 202.02 34.87 27.14 26.64 29.08 29.43
Grant 8.02 3.50 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.54
Total Capital Receipts 499.47 628.60 608.73 694.76 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Capital Expenditure
1 Water 393.56 456.64 453.43 473.49 69.00 76.82 76.38 70.16 73.09
2 Sewerage 176.85 137.80 140.19 201.40 31.00 23.18 23.62 29.84 26.91
Total Capital Expenditure 570.41 594.44 593.62 674.89 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Status- Surplus/Deficit -70.94 34.16 15.11 19.87
OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS -558.16 -195.68 -467.28 -537.16
Closing Balance -3646.58 -3842.26 -4309.54 -4846.70
2
Opening Balance
Revenue Receipts
A Water Supply
1 Water charges
a NDMC
b MES
2
Water charges (Transfer entry from
Plants and offices of DJB)
3
Misc. Income
B Sewerage
1 Sewerage Charges (MCD)
a NDMC
b MES
2 Non-Plan Assistance
3 Misc. Income
TOTAL REVENUE INCOME
Revenue Expenditure
1 Establishment
2 Other adminstrative Expenses
3 Power
4 Repair & Maintenance
5 General Stores and Chemicals
6 Cost of Raw Water
7 Property Tax
8 Repayment of loan and Interest
10 Cess
TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE
Status- Surplus/Deficit
Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- D
Capital Account
Revenue Account
Head of Account 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 CAGR
-- 10.85 -6.57 23.93 8.68%
-- 13.32 -10.99 29.64 9.35%
-- -26.39 36.73 31.98 9.93%
--
1.03 176.69 113.15%
-- -29.97 -100.00 -100.00%
-- 20.29 -19.80 40.55 10.68%
-- 22.07 -21.37 43.21 11.19%
-- 221.39 -50.71 -5.65 14.34%
-- 19.44 1668.04 -51.52 117.13%
--
-- 9.96 8.35 23.68 13.79%
-- 172.95 172.95%
-- 21.91 -17.25 5.19 2.00%
-- -17.73 -1.74 -27.40 -16.28%
-- -5.21 11.49 7.80 4.44%
-- 29.80 210.69 -4.10 56.97%
-- 66.32 -64.11 -81.64 -52.14%
-- 21.46 2.15 8.95 10.57%
-- 6.81 -100.00 -5.16%
Percentage
Growth rate
3
Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- D
Head of Account
Capital Receipts
1 Water
Loan
Grant
2 Sewerage
Loan
Grant
Total Capital Receipts
Capital Expenditure
1 Water
2 Sewerage
Total Capital Expenditure
OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS
Closing Balance
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 CAGR
Growth rate
19.75 13.39 -3.22 22.27%
-16.49 -85.83 -8.88 -46.87%
-22.16 -1.84 9.14 5.07%
-65.32 -100.00 -49.35%
--
-- 11.34 -0.57 -8.15 6.36%
-- -25.23 1.87 26.36 4.43%
--
4

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 15 : Community Consultation

15-1

CHAPTER - 15
COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

15.1 INTRODUCTION

The participation process for the CDP Delhi has been conducted at two levels,
distinguished by the range of the stakeholders involved and their level of
participation. The first level of the process was consultative in nature. The
stakeholders were involved through interviews and focus group discussions for
assessment of the situation in terms of levels of urban services, and
identification of needs for infrastructure improvement etc. The second level of
consultation was a participatory workshop with stakeholders being involved in
collaborative decision making. Various stakeholder groups were identified
during the consultation program.

PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS: The beneficiaries of a development intervention or those
directly affected (positively or negatively) by it. They include local populations
(resource persons, community, students) in the project/program area, in particular,
poor and marginalized groups who have traditionally been excluded from participating
in development efforts such as JJ cluster, relocation/resettlement colonies and slum
dwellers, and organizations such as Residential welfare organizations, traders
organizations, hoteliers and other associations.

SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS: those who influence a development intervention or are
indirectly affected by it. They include the borrowing government, line ministry and
project staff, implementing agencies, local governments, civil society organizations,
representatives of business and industry, and other development agencies. Councillors
of MCD & NDMC, development agencies such as Delhi Development Authority (DDA) line
departments such as DJB, PWD etc were amongst the stakeholders consulted.

Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs), as well as NGOs working on issues at a city
level, were consulted through individual interactions, as well as during the workshops.

15.2 CITY STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE

The Consultation process was formulated to target stakeholders at varied levels
through primary consultations in the NCTD area, and workshops. Details of the
agenda of the workshops, and stakeholders consulted have been given in Table
15.1 below, and in Annexures 15.1, 15.2 & 15.3

15.2.1 Primary Stakeholders

A total of sixteen primary consultations have been carried out in different areas
of the NCTD. The details of the consultation sessions held in NCTD area have
been given in Table 15-1 and detailed outcome of the meetings have been
presented in Section 15.3 below.

Table 15.1: Details of Primary Stakeholder Consultations in NCTD Area

Consultation Type Stakeholder Area
Focus Group
Discussion (FGD)
JJ Cluster in
Shahdara
Near Jhilmil industrial area adjacent
to MCD zonal office East Delhi
Focus Group
Discussion (FGD)
JJ Cluster in Yamuna
Pushta area
Near Gandhinagar on Pushta road
East Delhi

15-2

Consultation Type Stakeholder Area
Focus Group
Discussion (FGD)
JJ Cluster in Narela
Near Harischand Talab behind Govt
Girls School-West Delhi
Focus Group
Discussion (FGD)
Grain Mandi
Committee, Narela
New Grain Market, Narela Mandi
West Delhi
Focus Group
Discussion (FGD)
Unauthorised
Regularised Colony
Saidulajaib
Near IGNOU, Anupam Enclave Part-II,
Saidulajaib South Delhi
Individual Interview
President, Industrial
Welfare Association
Unauthorized Industrial Area,
Mangolpuri West Delhi
President, Karol Bagh
Trader Federation
Karol Bagh Area, Karol Bagh North-
West Delhi
Owner, Mangla Steel
& Sanitary House
Alipur Road, Near New Anaj Mandi
Gate, Narela West Delhi
Focus Group
Discussion (FGD)
Hazard Centre-NGO
Group, Sanjha Manch
(representatives of
slums and
unauthorized
colonies)
Near Munirka Village, Munirka - for
NCTD Area
SRUTI-Society for
Rural, Urban and
Tribal Initiative
NCTD Area

15.2.2 Secondary Stakeholders

The secondary stakeholders included government representatives; as well as
peoples representatives. Secondary stakeholders have been consulted both on
technical and financial issues ; as well as their insights into development issues
in the city, and peoples perceptions. Secondary stakeholder consultations have
been in the form of workshops, interviews, meetings, presentations and site
visits. Table 15-2 mentions the secondary stakeholders consulted.

Table 15.2: Details of Secondary Stakeholder Consultations in NCTD Area

Chief Minister/Ministers
Mayor of MCD Elected Representative
Ward Councillors
Chief Secretary
Commissioner and Secretaries
Government Officials
Heads and Staff of Government and
Para-statal Departments
Dean of Studies, SPA, New Delhi
Faculty, SPA, New Delhi
Senior Faculty, Institute of Economic
Growth
Ex-Chief, CII
Head, ICRIER
Senior Faculty, IMI
Ex-Commissioner, Slums
Institutions
AGM, National Housing Board

15-3

In addition to the above, Dept. of Urban Development, Delhi Government (as the
coordinating agency for the preparation of the CDP) called for fortnightly meetings
between the Ecosmart team and representatives of key agencies and departments of
the government (MCD, DJB, NDMC, DDA, Slum & JJ, PWD, Transport, Urban
Development, Planning refer table below) in order to seek inputs and feedback on
the process and recommendations. The CDP evolved through these interactions; and,
as a result, the participating agencies are well aware and committed to the proposals
made in the document.

Table 15.3: Agencies Present In Fortnightly Reviews Of The CDP
S.
No.
Designation of Stakeholder Agency represented
1. Chairperson Or Financial Advisor NDMC
2. Engineer In Chief NDMC
3. Additional Commissioner, Conservancy MCD
4. Additional Commissioner, Slums MCD
5. Engineer In Chief MCD
6. CEO DELHI CANTT. BOARD
7. CEO / Chief Engineer DJB
8. Engineer In Chief PWD
9. Commissioner planning / addl. Comm.,
plng., director plng.
DDA
10. Commissioner Transport Dept. Of transport
11. MD Delhi State Industrial And
Infrastructure Develoment
Corporation
12. Principal Or Additional Secretary, Finance GNCTD
13. Director Planning GNCTD
14. Principal, Or Additional Secretary, Urban
Development
GNCTD

The Ecosmart team also met with Civil Society Organisations and NGOs working
in the various areas of urban development. Several of these also participated in
the stakeholder consultation workshops (refer Annexures 15.3 )

15.3 SECTORWISE VIEWPOINT OF COMMUNITY

The outcomes of the consultations are presented to enable an understanding of
the current urban infrastructure situation of the city, the (adverse) impacts due
to the present situation and various changes sought by the community. The
tables regarding issues and suggestions emerging from the consultation have
been prepared urban sector wise for clarity and ease.

Water supply

Zone wise inequitable distribution of water supply has forced consumers to
depend on ground water by drilling tube wells, installing booster pumps to
enhance water supply; increasing the storage capacity etc. The table below
presents an area wise consumers viewpoint on service level and suggestions for
water supply improvement.


15-4

Table 15.4: Summary of Consultation Findings for Water Supply in the NCTD
Area

Issues raised by Stakeholders
Community Present Level of
Service Delivery
Adverse Impacts
Suggestions
Community
Shahdara
Narela
Mangolpuri
Tikri kalan
Savda
Ghevra
Saidula
Malviya
Nagar
Karol Bagh
Gazipur
Khanpur
NGO & CBOs
Hazard
Centers
SRUTI
Industrial
Associations
Institutions
SPA, Delhi
IEG, Delhi
Service Level
Poor water
quality at the
tail end of the
water network
Low water
Pressure
Inequitable
water
distribution
Acute water
shortage during
dry season
Irregular water
supply in
peripheral
areas of the
city
Water meter
not installed
DJB
performance
unsatisfactory
Water tankers
& Public stand
posts are the
only source of
water supply in
urban villages
and JJ clusters
Water brought
from 100m for
domestic
purpose from
DJB water
tanker
Water supplied
from private
tanker @ INR
300-500/1000
liters
Hours are spent
in fetching
water from DJB
tankers

Need water to be
supplied from
surface water
Construction of
more water
reservoirs
Need for replacing
water supply line
Laying new water
supply line to
provide coverage
to unserviced area
Laying water
supply network in
the relocation
sites and jj
clusters
Extension of Sonia
Vihar scheme in
unserviced areas
in South Delhi

15.3.1 Sewerage System

Only 35 per cent of the city is covered by a sewerage system. Unauthorized
colonies, urban villages, JJ clusters and peripheral areas are devoid of a
sewerage network, and therefore dependent on septic tanks for waste disposal.
The sewerage network laid in around 400 unauthorized/regularized colonies are
either not working or the pipe diameters are undersized to carry the sewage
generated in those areas. Most of the sewage is disposed directly into drains
and streams causing very unhygienic conditions and contaminating the water
sources. Table 15-4 summarizes the primary consultation findings for sewerage.


15-5

Table 15.5: Summary of Consultation Findings for Sewerage System in NCTD
Area
Community
Present Level of Service
Delivery
Adverse Impacts
Suggestions
Community
Shahdara
Narela
Mangolpuri
Tikri kalan
Savda
Ghevra
Saidula
Malviya
Nagar
Karol Bagh
Gazipur
Khanpur
NGO & CBOs
Hazard
Centers
SRUTI
Industrial
Association
s
Institutions
SPA, Delhi
IEG, Delhi
Service Level
Conveyance system
insufficient
Silting of conveyance
network
No provision for
emptying septic
tanks
No provision for
disposal from mobile
sanitation systems
Waste from septic
tanks and sewerage
network disccharged
into the natural
drainage system
Most septic tanks are
unlined
Urban Governance
INR 1000-1500 is
charged for emptying
septic tanks
Absence of sewage
facility in most
commercial areas,
shopping malls in
peripheral areas
High court order for
not providing
sewerage network in
unauthorized
colonies
Soil and
water
contaminatio
n
Population in
JJ clusters
defecates in
the open due
to lack of
sanitation
facilities
Women find it
unsafe and
embarrassing
to defecate in
the open, in
community
toilets
Unhygienic
conditions
with spread
of diseases.

Sewerage
system required
for the city.
Need for
establishment
of STP and drain
openings
Replacement of
undersized
network
Need for
construction of
community
toilets in public
places
Need for
individual
toilets in JJ
clusters and
relocation sites

15.3.2 Storm Water Drainage System

Storm water drainage in the city is mostly through nallahs and drains. The total
length of storm water drainage is around 25,000km. About 50% of the existing
city area is covered by open unlined drainage. The drains have become carriers
of raw sewage and are generally choked with solid waste.


15-6

Table 15.6: Summary of Consultation Findings for Storm Water Drainage in
NCTD Area

Community
Present Level of
Service Delivery
Adverse Impacts
Suggestions
Community
Shahdara
Narela
Mangolpuri
Tikri kalan
Savda
Ghevra
Saidula
Malviya
Nagar
Karol Bagh
Gazipur
Khanpur
NGO & CBOs
Hazard
Centers
SRUTI
Industrial
Associations
Institutions
SPA, Delhi
IEG, Delhi
Service Level
Absence of proper
drainage system
Existing drainage
system is choked
with solid waste
75 per cent of
network is silted
due to connection
of sewage
network
Water logging on
road leading to
damage of road
surface
No drainage
mapping and
levels available
for city
Urban Governance
MCD and PWD
responsible for
maintenance of
Drains
Incidences of
localized
flooding and
water logging
Silting of
drains
Loss of rain
water and its
mixing with
sewage
Need for proper
lining of drainage
channels and
improvement of
surface drainage.
Need to construct
more drains to
carry the huge
volume of water
during rainy
season.
Drainage should
end in natural
water bodies and
artificial tanks for
ground water
recharge

15.3.3 Solid Waste Management

The MCD is responsible for SWM within the NCTD area. The daily waste
generated in Delhi is about 7000 MTPD. Primary collection is carried out by the
MCD through street sweeping and from storage bins. At present, only 60-65% of
the waste generated is collected. No house-to house waste collection or source
segregation of waste is followed. The present collection system covers the
densely populated areas and the planned colonies and there are many
unplanned colonies, rural areas and JJ clusters where collection of MSW is not
done or collection is done twice a week only. The waste generated in these
areas is either burnt or dumped on open streams or vacant spaces by the
residents. Treatment of waste, currently, is minimal --- waste is land dumped
at three sites, which are nearly full. In the absence of any separate system for
collection of bio-medical wastes, it is mixed with MSW.


15-7

Table 15.7: Summary of Consultation Findings for Solid Waste Management
in NCTD Area

Community
Present Level of
Service Delivery
Adverse Impacts
Suggestions
Community
Shahdara
Narela
Mangolpuri
Tikri kalan
Savda Ghevra
Saidula
Malviya Nagar
Karol Bagh
Gazipur
Khanpur
NGO & CBOs
Hazard
Centers
SRUTI
Industrial
Associations
Institutions
SPA, Delhi
IEG, Delhi
Service Level
Lack of Disposal
Site
Regular collection
of waste in
selected area of
city
Frequency of
collection is twice
a week in
peripheral areas
and slums
Drains are
recipients of solid
waste
Urban Governance
Municipal Council
responsible for
waste collection
Drains get
blocked due to
waste disposal
leading to
water
contamination

Need more
dustbins
Fines to be
levied on
polluters
Awareness
programme
Willingness to
pay for door
to door
collection of
waste

15.3.4 Transportation

The road network follows a ring and radial pattern with C.P. as focal point.
Roads cover roughly 21% of the urban area in the NCTD.

The expansion of the road network and growth of vehicular traffic in Delhi has
resulted in the installation of traffic signals at short distances. There are more
than 700 signalized intersections located all over Delhi to control traffic
operations and ensure smooth flow of traffic. The signalized intersections have
led to excessive time and fuel consumption for all vehicular trips. Table 15-7
summarizes the primary consultation findings for transportation.


15-8

Table 15.8: Summary of Consultation Findings for Transportation in NCTD
Area

Community
Present Level of
Service Delivery
Adverse Impacts
Suggestions
Community
Shahdara
Narela
Mangolpuri
Tikri kalan
Savda
Ghevra
Saidula
Malviya
Nagar
Karol Bagh
Gazipur
Khanpur
NGO & CBOs
Hazard
Centers
SRUTI
Industrial
Associatio
ns
Institutions
SPA, Delhi
IEG, Delhi
Service Level
Problem of
parking in
residential and
commercial
areas
Poor accessibility
to public
transport to
urban fringes
Poor condition of
sub arterial and
neighborhood
roads
Encroachments
on the road
Damage to road
surfaces due to
construction
activity
Covering of
drains
Non-existent
street lighting
Delay and
increased travel
Increase in
private vehicle
ownership due
to
inaccessibility
to public
transport

Repair and
maintenance of
approach roads
Enhancing
connectivity of
peripheral area
with core city
area through
metro.
Improvement of
street lighting
Covering of Drains
along the main
roads in
commercial and
residential areas

15.4 PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRESENT LEVEL OF SERVICE DELIVERY

One aspect that gets highlighted in all consultations is the dissatisfaction that
people feel with the present quality of urban infrastructure and service
delivery. In NCTD area as in all other cities, people have put forth the need for
improvement of urban infrastructure services.

15.4.1 View on Water Supply

Primary stakeholders have expressed extreme resentment over the present
service delivery. People informed that the frequency of water supply ranges
from once in two days to once a week. To supplement the inadequate water
supply people buy water from private water suppliers at a monthly rate of INR
250 per 1000 litre per households or through private tube wells. The community
has expressed more faith in the private water suppliers than in the DJB. The
community has put forth suggestions such as construction of reservoirs,
construction of ring wells, community water tanks to resolve water supply
woes. People have expressed their willingness to pay for improved and assured
water supply.

15.4.2 View on Sewerage

At present only 35 per cent of NCTD area is covered by a sewerage system. The
common method of sewage disposal is through septic tanks and soaks pits in the
villages, urban fringes and other unserviced areas. People in all meetings

15-9

expressed their desire to have a public sewerage system, once the system was
explained to them.

15.4.3 View on Drainage

It is evident from the maximum number of responses giving top priority to
addressal of drainage issues, that drainage components in NCTD area needs the
most intervention. People have linked the occurrence of water logging to
drainage. Drainage issues thus need to be addressed holistically. People have
complained about choked drains and underground seepage from drainage
channels.

15.4.4 Slum and JJ clusters

Slum areas are characterized by inadequate services such as poor approach
roads, improper drainage, and lack of water supply and sewerage facilities.
Residents of planned areas have expressed the view that the poor need to be
included and provided for in the development of the city. Residents from all
the JJ clusters have asked specifically for provision of water supply, provision
of individual toilets, improvement of drainage. Moreover people also
emphasized security of tenure and in-situ redevelopment to avoid loss of
livelihoods.

15.4.5 Views on Traffic and Transportation Sector

The transportation sector has been accorded fourth ranking along with SWM in
the priority ranking of issues and has received the third most number of
responses after the drainage & sewerage systems. The generic suggestions for
improvement of Traffic and Transportation sector include:

Removal of encroachment in commercial and residential areas,
Repair of road network damaged due to laying of underground infrastructure
Improving connectivity of the urban fringes with core city area and
Provision of street lighting

15.4.6 Views on Solid Waste Management

SWM has been accorded overall fourth priority ranking by the community and
the NGOs consulted. Presently waste collection services extend to all zones of
the city with less emphasis on the peripheral area, unauthorized colonies and
rural areas within the city. The collection service is restricted to the main
arterial roads, government colonies and planned areas with city territory.
Moreover, there is a dearth of dustbins in almost all the areas of the city.

In areas covered by network private waste collection system, bins (Green and
Blue bins) are placed on the shoulder of the road. It has been observed that due
to low efficiency of collection of waste, waste gets accumulated in the dustbins
itself and spills over to the surroundings attracting stray cattle and creating
traffic congestion.

15.4.7 Willingness to Pay for Services

People have expressed their willingness to pay for improved urban services like
piped water with assured water supply, improved collection facility for SW and

15-10

community toilets. However, the willingness to pay varies across income groups
and urban and rural areas.

15.5 STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOPS

As part of the consultation program and in continuation to consultations being
carried out across the city, stakeholder workshops were organized to arrive at a
consensus on the key issues identified with regard to the various elements
analyzed above, and to firm up the optional strategies to address the service
delivery and financial issues identified. The workshops were organized over two
days:
the first one included representatives from government, business and
trade organizations;
the second one included institutional representatives, NGOs and RWAs
in the city.
Both sessions were chaired by Ex-Chief Secretary Delhi, Shri S. Reghunathan. As
part of the process, over 225 persons from various fields and sectors were
contacted to attend the workshops.

The agenda of the workshops is presented in Annex 15-1 & 15-2. The list of
participants is presented in Annex 15-3. The sector wise key findings are
presented below.

Sector wise views of the Stakeholders: The issues discussed as part of City
Development Plan (07
th
& 08
th
September 2006)

Land Management and Urban Growth

Planning Concerns

1. Decentralized planning
2. Blue Network Planning
3. Green Network Planning
4. Ward Level Planning
5. Growth of secondary level environment
should be stopped
6. The master plan has been updated 1485
times, since 1962. It is a document that
is revised, and not reinvented with
every attempt.
7. The CDP must be prepared with respect
to (a); the NCR Plan (b): Environmental
concerns (c ): 74
th
CAA (d): Economic
Liberalisation, 1992
8. Heritage should be protected
9. Implement renewal of areas that are now functionally outdated
10. Urban renewal through imagination, not through an inhuman approach
11. City should have an image. Determine this, and let planning respond to it.
12. Consider implications of the Tejinder Khanna Committee Report on infrastructure
requirements.

Mr. Ashok Kumar Jain
Commissioner (DDA)

15-11

Institutional Reforms

13. Institutional reforms- Various institutional structures to be reviewed and
restructuring of centre and state.
14. Urban Renewal Mission is extended to 63 cities across the country. In all the
cities the Nodal Agency is the Local Body, except in Delhi, where it is the State
Government. Local government has to be strengthened. Center-State-Local
continuum has to be established. The interrelationship between Central-State
and Local-State are to be looked into for implementation of the projects
identified under JNNURM.

NCR Linkages

15. Interstate linkage from surrounding states---Uttar Pradesh and Haryana will not
part with any land for Delhi.

Environmental Concerns & Industries

16. Environment Issues such as air and water pollution are to be managed
17. Safety and Security of City dwellers
18. All Large and Medium Scale Industries are already closed in Delhi. In another 2
years, it is proposed to relocate all industries in non-conforming areas from the
city (28,000 industries are to be relocated)
19. Industries located in the residential area and unauthorized colonies are to
be relocated
20. 10 CETPs are commissioned (5 are under construction)
21. Rejuvenation of existing industrial area in coordination with the master plan

Slums & Urban Poor

15. Priority should be given to in-situ upgradation of slums; Relocation and
Redevelopment later.
16. PPP should be used to the advantage of the poor, not the government.
17. Migration has not reduced enough to be sustainable for the city (still too high)
18. Migration form Bihar has doubled in the past decade.

Employment

19. Delhi Employment Sectors are
a. Competitive Trades
b. Transportation Trades- Distributive Trades
c. Central Government Offices-74 CG offices which are not directly required to
be in the National Capital are identified for relocation.
d. Plans are to be made as per the Institutional Jurisdiction-Ward level Plan;
Zonal level Plan.
e. Public participation and community involvement are key to undertake the
development process.
20. Growth of small enterprises should be supported in Delhi --- MNCs and Large
establishments can operate form the NCR
21. Investment leads to mobility in the city. There are good employment
opportunities in the city, especially in manufacturing and the small scale sector.


15-12

Transport Sector

Planning Concerns

1. Transport Planning and road network development shall be undertaken in
integration with land use planning; not in hindsight, as is done currently
2. Model for city has to be looked into -there has been unprecedented growth of
vehicular traffic
3. Urban Transport policy to be implemented
4. Carry out comprehensive transport study
5. Design city around people not traffic - design of transport intersections keeping
in mind the pedestrian traffic; busy road network in congested areas should be
pedestrianised and made one way

Upgradation and Interconnectivity

6. A sustainable transport system is
required, considering vehicular
emissions, accidents on roads; and the
composition of private vehicles
7. Inefficient Systems must be upgraded the
working of the DTC needs to be looked
into
8. Road augmentation and parking vs.
Public Transport System
9. Interconnectivity of modes should be
seamless
10. Consider the level of impact of the metro
on the city development along the
corridors; the levels of subsidy, elevated
structures are poor designs for the city
11. Enhance public transport system
12. Ring railway system should form part of the integrated transport system,
especially in view of affordability. Coordinate with other modes.
13. Regulatory measures to discourage private vehicles on road
14. Examine proposal for Bus Rapid Transit System
15. Comprehensive parking plan for solving parking problems of Delhi
16. Parking away from market place with free RTI services; introduce point to point
services in public transport.
17. Development of transport system
for Disabled population
18. Encroachments on the road- 350
km of the metro city
19. Road safety system-manhole on
road, design approval by auditor
20. Development of cycle tracks for
cyclist safety; segregate light and
heavy vehicles
21. Cycle traffic to be encouraged

Mr. V. S. Madan
Secretary-cum-Commissioner (Transport)

15-13

Water Supply

1. Delhi has supply side management while the emphasis should be on the demand
side management. Demand Assessment has not been done properly. Improvement
of the water supply system should lay emphasis on the following:

Appropriate pricing, to curtail wastage
Management of the water lost during distribution
Lack of capacity of the system

Water Distribution & Equitable Access

2. Hydraulic modeling (Management Information System) should be adopted for the
management of entire water distribution. DJB is still managing water as it was
done 70 years ago. It needs management expertise.
3. Disparity in Water Distribution system should be looked into, even within each
supply zone
4. No water supply network in urban villages, leading to ground water depletion
5. Equitable access to water is a question. Policies should focus on the access to
water for poor. Currently, they are not entitled to have individual connections.
Coping costs are very high.
6. Delhi is a city with no infrastructure -- Water Supply is lacking in many areas,
power supply is intermittent, there is rampant, unauthorized construction, and
multiplicity of authorities, leading to poor management. There is no interface
between the provider and the user.

Repairs, Management, Monitoring & Pricing

7. Repair and management of 10,000 kms of
underground water supply network is a
challenge.
8. Monitoring of water supply through bulk
metering etc
9. Legislative reforms and varied water
pricing for the poor and rich
10. Delhis water supply is based on
consumptive use we return 80% of water
supplied to the river. If the city starts
recycling, we will not be able to sustain
this.
11. The neighboring states to Delhi, that is, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana are also
reluctant to provide water due to:

Leakage and poor management of water
The quality of water which is returned to River Yamuna

12. Delhi must insist on Renuka, Lakhwar Vyasi and Kishau dams coming up, in order
to meet requirements in the long term.
13. Provision of Water harvesting to be made for Shiv Temples


15-14

Waste Water Generation and Management

1. Efficiency of the sewerage network to be improved and laying of sewerage
system in the un-sewered areas. Large parts of unauthorized colonies are
completely un-sewered.
2. Rehabilitation of the Silted Network must be undertaken to the extent possible --
- large parts of the network are completely silted up.
3. Kitchen and Bath water are mixed with sewage
4. Bricklined Drains are carrying sewage
5. Sewage Treatment Plant to be constructed at the end of the drains discharging
water in river Yamuna
6. Only half of the existing STPs are working
7. Fixing of institutional responsibility
8. The DJB should not be made responsible for both water supply and sewerage ---
Constitute a separate body for sewage and storm water disposal and rain water
harvesting. These are large systems, and should have an independent agency to
run them.

Solid Waste Management

Sites for Waste Disposal

1. NCR Planning Board had recommended 10,000 hectare land for disposal of solid
waste of Delhi. The State Governments of UP and Haryana have not agreed to
allow Delhi to have waste disposal sites in their states.
2. Decision should be made that the facilities should be at the regional level or
decentralized. State boundaries should not be an issue
3. Delhi has scarcity of land for disposal. At present all the three landfill sites at
Bhalswa, Gazipur and Okhla are full.
4. The guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forests for solid waste
management needs to be complied with, meaning compliance of 'Municipal Solid
Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000'
5. About 500 hectares of land would be required if all the solid waste generated in
Delhi is landfilled as per the abovementioned rule (SWM 2000)

Waste Minimisation, Processing and Recycling

6. Waste minimization be given top priority to save land
7. Restrict waste disposal on land
8. Promote waste processing and recycling
9. Implementation plan be made for above.
There are four composting plants in Delhi
with a total designed capacity of 975
tons per day, out of which the plant
owned by the MCD at Okhla is closed for
the past couple of years. However, the
three remaining plants are working
under-capacity, to the tune of less than
50%, possibly due to quality and
marketing problems. An incinerator plant
was installed in the year 1986 at
Timarpur with a designed capacity of

15-15

burning 300 tons per day of municipal garbage producing 3 MW electrical power.
This plant could not work due to a mismatch with the quality of garbage (low
calorific value and high moisture).
10. To start with, all the four existing compost plants can be augmented within a
short time with technical, financial and marketing support to actually process
upwards of 1000 tons of municipal garbage per day. Simultaneously plans for
more processing facilities can be made to maximize processing and minimize land
requirement for land filling.

Facilities for Hazardous Waste

11. Delhi also needs facilities specifically for bio-medical and hazardous waste. At
present the disposal facilities are designed for municipal waste.
12. Clear policy required for management of bio-medical waste, particularly with
respect to facilitating the sector. The 'Bio-medical Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 1998' puts the responsibility on the 'Generator' of waste, the
'Operator' of the treatment and disposal facility and the 'Prescribed Authority' for
monitoring and implementation.
13. Site identification for disposal of Hazardous Waste through interstate networking
14. Public participation and public awareness is a must for solid waste management

Heritage and Environment

Integrated Approach to Cultural & Natural Heritage

1. Environment and Heritage need to be looked at integrally. Heritage is associated
with water systems, channels, open spaces etc. Establish contiguities of green
spaces and heritage.
2. Delhi is a city contained between the ridge and the river. Development can either
be around these, respecting them, or on top of these, destroying them. Natural
Heritage, the river and ridge have to be preserved.

Listing & Documentation

3. Listing of natural and manmade
heritage.
4. There is no comprehensive listing of
heritage structure and the State
Archeology Act is not in place. There
is no legality in the MCD taking up
heritage issues. Only the Master Plan
has the legal mandate (and is the
right platform to take it up)
5. Listing of heritage in Delhi is required.
This should include natural,
architectural, archaeological as well
as cultural heritage.
6. The data for heritage is available in Delhi but in a scattered fashion. There is a
need to collate all this information together.
7. MCD Town planning department shall be responsible for the listing of projects for
conservation of Heritage areas.
8. Ownership and use of heritage structures has changed --- mosques in Mehrauli are
being used for inappropriate uses.


15-16

Implementation & Monitoring of Heritage Management Plans

9. Conservation Management plan was prepared for DDA (1997 -98) but not
implemented.
10. Implementation can be done through Heritage Management Plans and
Conservation Plans
11. Heritage Plan should be implemented through master plan and zonal plan.
12. Monitoring of heritage buildings.
13. There should be a monitoring committee to oversee land in and around heritage
structures - GIS can be used for this.

Conservation and Revitalisation

14. The citys heritage goals should be defined first --- funding should be accepted to
achieve these goals, and not the funding agencies goals.
15. Some parts of Delhi, like Shahjahanabad, need to be revitalized. Decision needs
to be taken whether they need to be improved or reconstructed all over again, as
has been done in the European countries.
16. Urban Renewal-Revival and revitalization of the city and the quality of life
17. Citywide renewal of heritage has to be decentralized.
18. Large scale redevelopment in unplanned areas to improve city environment
19. Developing park and open spaces in residential, commercial and institutional
areas.
20. The city of Delhi is not at all pedestrian friendly. Pavements are not continuous,
whereas roads are. No shade on streets.
21. Avenue plantation to improve the micro-climate along the road and reducing the
travel time
22. Today, certain areas get flooded as the road level is higher than the colonies
which gives rise to insanitary conditions.

Pollution

23. Consider pollution from various sources-due to gensets in residential, commercial
and institutional premises; vehicular pollution; pollution due to the fly ash 8000
MT/Day
24. Trans boundary Sub Particulate Matter (SPM Level) are problems for the city and
resuspension of fly ash (AIIMS and CPCB)
25. Effect of pollution on human health due to Pb, Co, C
6
H
6
and PHC respectively.
26. Burning of rags, solid waste in Khanpur and Vikaspuri (rag pickers colonies) area
are health hazards for the citys inhabitants.
27. Heavy metals in soil are a consequence of use of paints-60000 tonnes per year.

Revival of Environmental Assets

28. Revival plan for water bodies not undertaken and around 800 water bodies are
already lost.
29. Drains are in danger of being lost.
30. Rain water harvesting should be first undertaken by government and then model
are replicated for private structures. Only 37 lakhs have been spent in 5 years on
RWH.
31. Water Channels are near the mounds and heritage structures are near the water
channels.
32. Citys natural heritage systems are to be integrated --- Continuity of green spaces
and water channel.

15-17

33. Revival of environment assets -Nazafgarh Jeel 7 km
2
; Jahangirpuri lake and
Horse Shoe Lake, Bhalswa needs restoration.
34. Building up aquifers-depletion of water table.

35. Protection of Delhi Ridge as forest belt near Faridabad border.

Storm Water Drainage

1. Remodelling of drains are required
2. Discharge of sewage into storm water drains must be stopped
3. Covering of drains and turning them into roads is not desirable (e.g., Najafgarh
drain and Barapulla drain)
4. Storm water drains are silted up to the extent of no desiltation. Therefore drains
are to be reconstructed

Urban Slums and Housing

1. There is no slum policy (for JJ clusters and slums) in place
2. There is no act, or consistent policy for tenure security and relocation sites
3. In situ upgradation of slums does not take place
- rather, only relocation is done
4. It is always claimed that there is no land
available for Slum Relocation in Delhi. This
does not seem to be true. In the first Master
Plan, 43,000 Hac. of land was allocated for
housing, but the DDA had utilized barely 25% of
this.
5. Populations are shifted to relocation sites
before infrastructure is provided why cannot
infrastructure be provided beforehand?
6. The DDA does not provide land for relocation. So settlements should form
Cooperative Society for Slum Relocation and rehabilitation
7. In-situ upgradation for Slum / JJ Clusters-Land owning agency has to forego the
land cost. In-situ upgradation is the only answer. Land owning agencies should
form a mission and give up their lands.

8. Slum department is collecting
money (advances) for slum
development, but not using it for
slum development
9. JJ Cluster and Slums are to be
treated as integral part of the city.
Different segments of the
population have to co-exist. The
planning process has not provided
for them.
10. Precedence of legal security
Mumbai Model the Act in
Maharashtra gives urban poor the right to housing; provides for in-situ
rehabilitation.
11. Recognize Urban Poors right to housing
12. 40 sqm per family is the minimum size of plot to be provided for the slum
dwellers.
13. The cutoff date should be of a year back; instead of a decade back

15-18

14. Look into the affordability of EWS housing provided by DDA. One DU costs approx.
1 lakh.
15. Enough provision for EWS housing in the city should be made.
16. Work place relationship is lacking at relocation sites
17. The relocated population are to be provided with free bus passes for a period of
at least 5-10 years
18. Bank loans and support from financial institutions are to be provided to
inhabitants of slums and JJ clusters
19. Minimum norms of physical and social infrastructure are not available at
relocation sites and JJ clusters
20. Land is available for insitu upgradation of slums / JJ clusters --- if land is a
constraint at the existing site, the relocation site should not be more than 1km
distant
21. Slum department has rehabilitated 8000 families with investment of 20 crore.
22. Problem of Ragpickers in Delhi
23. Service providers of the city are staying in JJ clusters
24. Slum rehabilitation are short term
25. The rent control act creates artificial scarcity of housing in the city
26. Affordable rental housing for poor --- there should be more of this
27. Creating Housing for the poor
28. Plots, with shared infrastructure (which can be upgraded at a later date) and one
room tenements should be made available for urban poor. Also, multistoried
accommodation can be provided next to the work centers.
29. Fresh migrants are to be provided with subsidized housing with only cost of
construction
30. Unplanned rehabilitation of the poor leads to theft in urban services
31. Unauthorized colonies lack basic infrastructure
32. Dislodging of the poor for utilization of lands
33. Lack of planning and implementation

Institutional Assessment & Governance

1. The lack of effective governance is a critical issue in the city
2. Need for a well- defined authority to manage the city
3. Institutional reform, in order to ensure transparency and responsiveness, is
required.
4. Multiplicity of Authorities
5. Institute a competent design authority to design, build and maintain good public
places.
Annexure 15.1
Agenda for Workshop

Date : 07.09.2006

Schedule Agenda

1.45 PM to 2.00 PM Registration

2.00 PM to 2.05 PM Welcome address By Mr. Mahesh Babu, CEO,
IL&FS Ecosmart

2.05 PM to 2.15 PM Opening Remarks By Chairperson, Mr. S.
Reghunathan, Former Chief
Secretary, Govt. of Delhi

2.15 PM to 3.00 PM State of City Presentation By Suneetha Kacker, IL&FS
Ecosmart

3.00 PM to 4.00 PM Open House Discussions Chairperson, Mr. S.
Reghunathan

4.00 PM to 4.15 PM Tea Break

4.15 PM to 5.15 PM Discussion by Sectoral sub-
groups
Sectoral Coordinators:

Urban Slum & Poor Suneetha Kacker

Urban Services
Rahul Singh/Dr. P.K
Jain

City Environment &
Heritage
Harleen Kaur/Anuradha
/Dr. N.B.Majumdar

Urban Transport Sandeep Kaushik

5.15 PM to 6.00 PM Sectoral Strategy
Presentation
(10 minutes for each sector)
By Sector Leaders/Coordinators

6.00 PM to 6.15 PM Strategy for the City By Chairperson, Mr. S.
Reghunathan

6.15 PM to 6.20 PM Conclusion By Dr. S. Mukherjee, IL&FS
Ecosmart

Annexure 15-2
Agenda for Workshop

Date : 08.09.07

Schedule Agenda

1.45 PM to 2.00 PM Registration

2.00 PM to 2.05 PM Welcome address By Mr. Mahesh Babu, CEO,
IL&FS Ecosmart

2.05 PM to 2.15 PM Opening Remarks By Chairperson, Mr. S.
Reghunathan, Former Chief
Secretary, Govt. of Delhi

2.15 PM to 3.00 PM State of City Presentation By Suneetha Kacker, IL&FS
Ecosmart

3.00 PM to 4.00 PM Open House Discussions Chairperson, Mr. S.
Reghunathan

4.00 PM to 4.15 PM Tea Break

4.15 PM to 5.45 PM Discussion by Sectoral
sub-groups
Sectoral Coordinators:

Urban Slum & Poor Suneetha Kacker

Urban Services Rahul Singh/Dr. P.K Jain

City Environment &
Heritage
Harleen Kaur/Anuradha
/Dr. N.B.Majumdar

Urban Transport Sandeep Kaushik

5.45 PM to 6.00 PM Strategy for the City By Chairperson, Mr. S.
Reghunathan

6.00 PM to 6.10 PM Conclusion By Dr. S. Mukherjee, IL&FS
Ecosmart

Annexure 15.3

A-1

List of individuals invited for CDP Workshop

S. No. Name & Designation

1. Dr. Venugopal
Director
Central Pollution Control Board

2. Dr. Trivedi
Additional Director

3. The Member Secretary
Central Ground Water Board

4. Mr. S. S. Ghonkrokta
Delhi Pollution Control Board

5. Dr. Nandita Moitra

6. Dr. M. P. George

7. Mr. Lalit Kapoor
Additional Director
National River Conservation Directorate
Ministry of Environment & Forests

8. Dr. B. Sengupta
Member Secretary,

9. Mr. Pradeep Khandelwal
SE, Planning Department
Municipal Corporation of Delhi,

10. Mr. Surinder Pal
Eng. Deptt,

11. Mr. Anil Prakash
Director-in-Chief

12. Mr. A. K. Jain
Commissioner
Delhi Development Authority,

Annexure 15.3

A-2

13. Mr. Ashok Kumar
Addl. Commissinor
Office of Master Plan for Delhi,

14. Mr. Ravider Kumar Kakker
CPWD

15. Mr. R. K. Gupta
Chief Engineer (Works),
Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd

16. Mr. B. K. Sharma
Director (Planning),
Department of Urban Development,
Government of NCT of Delhi

17. Mr. V. V. Bhatt
Principle Secretary (Fin / Plg.),
Department of Planning,

18. Mr. Arun Mathur
Chief Executive Officer,
Delhi Jal Board

19. Mr. Ashish Kundra
Addl. Chief Executive Officer,
Delhi Jal Board

20. Mr. R. B. Mohar
Chief Engineer (Civil-III),
Delhi Jal Board

21. Mr. M. C. Pareva
Office of the Chief Engineer,
Irrigation & Flood Control Department

22. Mr. Omkar Singh
Conservator of Forest & Chief Wildlife Warden,
Department of Forest

23. Mr. Prabhat Tyagi
Department of Forest

24. Mr. B. B. Uppal
Ministry of Unrban Development

25. Mr. R. Jeyaseelan
Chairman,
Central Water Commission
Annexure 15.3

A-3

26. Mr. B. S. Ahuja
Member (WO&P),

27. Mr. S. K. Agarwal
Member,

28. Mr. B. B. Saxena
Principal Secretary (UD),
Department of Urban Development

29. Ms. N. Jayaseelan
Secretary (Environment),

30. Dr. Rajeev Babu
Director General
Archeological Survey of India

31. Dr. R. C. Sharma
Joint Director General,
Archeological Survey of India

32. Lt. Col. S. K. Garg
Medical Officer of Health,
NDMC

33. Dr. Indrani Chandrasekhran
Director,

34. Dr. U. Sridharan
Addl. Director

35. Mr. Akash Mahapatra
Director Panchayat,
GNCTD
36. The Member Secretary
National Capital Regional Planning Board

37. Er. S. Jethwani
Director Works,
Office of Engg. In Chief

38. Er. R. F. Shoran
Project Manager,
Annexure 15.3

A-4

39. Mr. V. S. Madan
Secretary-cum-Commissioner (Transport)

40. Mr. Umesh Tyagi
Joint Commissioner (Transport)

41. Mr. Brahmanand
Director Planning,
State Transport Association

42. Mr. B. I. Singal
Tech. Advisor,
State Transport Association

43. Shri V. B Jhulka
Dy. C. G. M. Traffic,

44. Mr. Suman Sharma
Chief Manager, DTTDC

45. Mr. S. Sharma
S.E.DTTDC,

46. Mr. R. Raina
S.E II,
New Delhi Municipal Corporation

47. Mr. D. Verma
DCP Traffic

48. Dr. S. Gangoupadhyay
Head Traffic & Transport Division, CRRI

49. Dr. P. K. Sarkar
Prof.& Head,
Dept. of Transport Planning,

50. Dr. Sanjay Gupta
Asst. Professor,
Dept. of Transport Planning,

51. Ar. P. R. Mehta
Ex- President
Council Of Architecture,

52. Shri Anul Dyal
CPRO,
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation,

Annexure 15.3

A-5

53. Dr. Dinesh Mohan
I.I.T Delhi

54. Dr. Geetam Tiwari
I.I.T Delhi

55. Mr. Rohit Baluja
Institute of Roads & Traffic Education

56. Mr. Sandeep Patil
CII

57. Mr. Manmohan Singh
SRUTI

58. Mr. Chhabra
Secretary, NICWA
Narela Industrial Complex Welfare Association

59. Shri Basant Somani
President, NICWA
Narela Industrial Complex Welfare Association

60. Mr. Dharampal
President, IWSSP
Industrial Welfare Society

61. Ms. Amita Bhaviskar
Institute for Economic Growth

62. Mr. K. T. Ravindaran
Dean, School of Planning and Architecture

63. Mr. A. G. K. Menon
TVB School of Habitat Studies

64. Mr. Amitabh Kundu
Jawaharlal Nehru University,
Centre for Study of Regional Development

65. Mr. Parth Shah
Director,
Centre for Civil Society

66. Mr. Promod Chawla
President, URJA
(Association of RWAs)
67. Mr. Farhad Suri
Mayor, Municipal Council of Delhi

Annexure 15.3

A-6

68. Ms. Sunita Narayan
Centre for Science and Environment

69. Ms. Anumita Roy

70. Mr. Suresh Babu

71. Dr. T. S. Panwar
TERI

72. The Director
WWF

73. Mr. Ajay Mahajan
Kalpavriksha (NGO)

74. Mr. Ashok Khosla
Development Alternative

75. Dr. Dilip Biswas
Chairman, CPCB (Retd)

76. Mr. Ravi Aggarwal
Srishti / Toxic Links,

77. Mr. Uma Bharadwaj
ACCORD (NGO)

78. Mr. Depinder S Kapoor
Water Aid

79. Mr. EFN Riberio
Gulmohar Enclave

80. Mr. O. P. Jain
INTACH

81. Mr. Arun Gupta
INTACH

82. Cris Heymans
World Bank

83. Subhagato Dasgupta
World Bank

84. Dr. Satpal Singh
NIUA
Annexure 15.3

A-7

85. Mr. R. M. Pillai
Commissioner,
Slum Department

86. Mr. S. K. Das
(Prominent Architect & Planner)

87. Mr. Kapil Narula
TERI,

88. Col. Rakesh Jauhari
TERI,

89. Mr. Manu Bhatnagar
INTACH

90. Mr. Dunu Roy
Hazards Center (NGO),
Munirka

91. Mr. Ramendra
Sanjha Manch (NGO)

92. Mr. V. K. Jain
TAPAS (NGO)

93. Ms. Bharti Chaturvedi
Chintan (NGO)

94. The President
Residential Welfare Society, Nizamuddin

95. The President
Residential Welfare Society, Defence Colony

96. The President
Residential Welfare Society, Tuglakabad

97. The President
Residential Welfare Society, Old Rajendra Nagar

98. Prof. H. B. Singh
President, RWA, Kaushambi

99. Mr. Ashok Lal
Prominent Architect,Civil Lines

100. Mr. Roshan Seth
Annexure 15.3

A-8

Geetanjali Enclave

101. Mr. Sanjay Kaul & Mr. Pankaj Gupta
Peoples Action

102. Mr. Ravi Das
Engineer-in-Chief

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 16 : SWOT Analysis
Chapter 16 City SWOT Assessment

16-1

CHAPTER - 16
CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT

16.1 INTRODUCTION

Assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a city
forms a basis for the preparation of a relevant city development plan. A city
level SWOT analysis has been done in this chapter based on an assessment of
the status of various sectors of the city.

The chapter has been divided into four sections each describing the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats respectively.

16.2 STRENGTHS

Delhi is a National Capital and the seat of administrative power; it is the center
of economic and political activities. The city has several strengths. These have
been outlined in Table 16.1.

Table 16.1: DELHI CITY-STRENGTHS

SECTORS STRENGTHS
Location & Regional Linkages: Delhi is located strategically and connected
with various economic nodes of the country. Due to its strategic importance,
the citys influence extends throughout India and as a National Capital
throughout the world.
Seat of all political and administrative power of Country.
Highest level of urbanisation in the Country. The level of
urbanization is 95 per cent.
It is easily accessible from other Mega Cities of the
Country and other areas of Northern and Western India
through Rail, Road and Air Transport. With Coming up of
NHDP project, cities connectivity from Western and
Eastern Gateways of the country has increased.
Delhi acts as nodal point for collection and distribution
of passenger and cargo traffic in Northern India.
City Economy: The citys economy is enjoying a period of high growth
GSDP is growing at a high growth rate of around 15%
(CAGR at current prices-2002-03), with the
service/tertiary sector contributing more than 76 per
cent towards the economy of the state;
High per capita income at Rs 47477 (current prices,
2002-03)
High spending capacity / tendency
Trade and Commerce: There are 8 major types of wholesale and specialized
markets of regional importance. Fruit & Vegetable Market, Azadpur and Fish &
Meat Market, Gazipur are some of the major distributions centers for
commodities in the Northern and North west region of the country.

16-2

SECTORS STRENGTHS
Walled City and its extensions have 5-6 specialized
market of regional and city level importance. These
specialized markets are Wholesale grain Market; Bicycle
& accessories, cloth market, General merchandise &
hosiery, iron steel & junk and building materials.
The city is well connected to regional supply chains
The city is gaining in importance as a centre of retail
trade
Tourism World famous tourist destination
Attracts both domestic as well as international tourists.
Connectivity to the tourist destination in the northern
region such as Jaipur, Ajmer, Agra, Varanasi et.al
Heritage It is famous for its heritage and culture, both built and
unbuilt
Walled City of Delhi has 1000 heritage structure and 25
historical monuments.
State Reforms: State Government is undertaking various institutional and
legislative reforms.
Pro active government;
Presence of a number of development bodies and NGOs;
State on a reform path with initiatives such as
Bhagidari.

16.3 WEAKNESSES

The major areas of weaknesses for the city include infrastructure; weak urban
growth management; lack of environmental management; slums, and
overlapping institutional jurisdiction. The details of these have been elaborated
in Table 16.2. These weaknesses need to be worked on for the city.

Table 16.2: DELHI CITY-WEAKNESSES

SECTORS WEAKNESSES
Infrastructure: Weaknesses of the water supply, sewerage, solid waste,
drainage and road & Transport systems are discussed below.
Lack of solid waste management facilities (for treatment
and disposal) in the city leading to indiscriminate dumping
of garbage and land pollution.
Existing dumping sites are saturated and no new ones have
been developed
Lack of drainage and sewerage network especially in the
newly developed areas.
The surface drains are used for carriage of 25-30%
sewerage, leading to environment hazards
Lack of infrastructure facilities like water supply,
sewerage, road and drainage in the unauthorized colonies;
urban villages and colonies developed by private
developers.
Pressure on roads in walled city and extension due to
encroachment, excessive commercialization and vehicular

16-3

SECTORS WEAKNESSES
movement.
Lack of parking space in the city.
Lack of proper public transport system leading to skewed
traffic composition on the road network of the city.
Lack of tourism infrastructure facilities
Inadequate public conveniences.
Disposal of untreated industrial waste in Yamuna River.
Urban Growth and Land Management
Haphazard growth of the city due to uncontrolled
migration, poor housing and poor provision of
infrastructure. The areas which have grown haphazardly
are urban villages; resettlement colonies and unauthorized
colonies
High population density within the walled city & Extension
and East Delhi planning Division. Moreover low density
development in RK Puram; Motibagh; Vinay Nagar..etc
Rate of Unauthorized developments and illegal land
subdivisions are increasing in urban pheriphery and village
settlements.
Lack of parks and open spaces.
Violation of rules, byelaws by the public and residents of
walled city- leading to the loss of heritage in the walled
city.
Overcrowding of businesses and people in the walled city.
High rate of population growth and urbanization, leading to
slum formation, strain on infrastructure facilities and
deterioration of the living environment.
Conservation
Lack of integration of heritage concerns with planning
process
Lack of proper database management in each sector
especially in the Heritage and Infrastructure development.
Absence of clear-cut guidelines and responsibilities of
various organizations.
Lack of awareness among in the city people towards
heritage conservation.
Ineffective maintenance of heritage sites like Red Fort,
Qutab Minar etc as well as buildings in the walled city and
Extension areas.
Urban Environment
Degradation of River Yamuna
Loss of traditional water systems.
Extreme Depletion of ground water.
Degraded air quality.
Congestion of major arterial roads and commercial area of
the city.
Contamination of piped water with sewerage.

16-4

SECTORS WEAKNESSES
Slums and
JJ Clusters
increasing population (& densities) in existing JJ clusters
Lack of mechanism for on-going creation of housing for the
urban poor (lack of inclusion of urban poor in city
development process)
Poor infrastructure facilities in both JJ clusters and
resettlement colonies and relocation sites;
Institutional
coordination

Lack of coordination between central and state government
Lack of coordination among various departments like MCD,
DDA, PWD, DJB, DUAC etc.
Non implementation of 74th CAA in spirit-MCD does not
have financial/taxation powers, budget to be approved
from Department of Local Self Government.
DDA entrusts functions to MCD against the spirit of 74th
CAA.
Overlapping jurisdictions between DDA, MCD and NDMC;DDA
exercise control over major parts of MCD Area.
Overlapping of functions between line departments.

16.4 OPPORTUNITIES

The city has several aspects that are potential opportunities for the city. The
main opportunities are in the areas of economic growth, proposed projects,
state initiated reforms and heritage. These have been detailed out in Table
16.3.

Table 16.3: DELHI CITY-OPPORTUNITIES

Economic
competitiveness

With the presence of good connectivity, it can develop
as nodal centre linked with other economically vibrant
cities.
The city has a highly entrepreneurial population
High literacy rates
High growth areas such as NOIDA and Gurgaon are
located in the vicinity
It can attract many tourists because of its rich heritage
and culture.
Due to good connectivity, the National Capital city has
the potential to attract private developers and FDI in
the housing and infrastructure sectors.
Can emerge as an events capital particularly after the
commonwealth games 2010
Proposed
Projects
Commonwealth games-2010 is likely catalyze investment
to the tune of Rs 2000 Crore on development of civic
infrastructure in the city.
With the anticipated growth rate of around 8% for GDP
of India during this FY and an increase in the limit of FII
and FDI, Delhi can expect more investments provided
the city sells itself well in comparison to other cities
Development of Metro Rail and its extension to other
DMA towns will resolve the problem of transportation

16-5

system of the city
State urban
reforms

City is initiating reforms in urban governance through
implementation of various governance models such
Bhagidari Scheme; E-governance; Repeal of ULCR, PPP
models for project implementation etc.
Institutional Reforms proposed for MCD by splitting it
into several Municipal Corporations
The Government is currently focusing on urban slums
and improvement of basic services in JJ clusters
Urban Heritage

Rich heritage can attract the tourists.
The local crafts from across the nation can be show-
cased for attracting business and shoppers during events
such as Trade Fair and other events organized in city.

16.5 THREATS

The threats are primarily the existing weakness, which if not addressed
adequately might pose threats for development of the city in the future. These
are detailed out in Table 16.4.

Table 16.4: DELHI CITY-THREATS

SECTORS THREATS
Economic Wholesale trade is concentrated in core walled city area,
which attracts workers and traders to the central
location-leading to deterioration of the city environment
Lack of adequate infrastructure to capitalize on economic
opportunities (roads, freight handling facilities etc)
Infrastructure High population growth can lead to further pressure on
the infrastructure sector in the future. Augmentation of
trunk services is crucial.
Lack of sewerage system, solid waste management, poor
distribution of water can lead to health problems and
unhygienic conditions in the city.
Poor infrastructure in new colonies especially in the
urban extensions and urban villages are a threat to
quality of life.
Infrastructure provision in the slums is inadequate
resulting in very poor living conditions.
Institutional
and
fiscal reforms

Capacity building of all the government organizations if
inadequate would result in non implementation of several
reforms.
Fiscal reforms are a key for carrying out projects and
provision of infrastructure in a sustainable manner.
Urban Development is the responsibility of Central
government and MCD is under both Central and State
Government. These overlapping roles of state and central
government have led to a non functional executive
system of the city.

16-6

SECTORS THREATS
Conservation Lack of repair and maintenance of heritage buildings can
lead to rapid deterioration of built fabric in the walled
city.
Continued negligence of heritage areas can also lead to
loss in tourism revenues
Walled city and Extension faces threat in the event of
disasters both natural as well as man-made.

16.6 CONSOLIDATED ISSUES

SECTOR ISSUES
City Economic
Profile

The comparatively large influx of low quality manpower
from neighboring states could skew the skill level
available.
The lack of focus on major value-add sectors like
Software, BPO, Communications and Biotechnology is
likely to lead to a situation where the Value-Add per
employee/enterprise would be affected adversely.
The highly skewed gender ratio in the employment
sector, with 15% females in the workforce.

City
Environment
Profile

Ground Water: The abstraction of ground water is more
than the estimated availability of ground water. CGWB
estimates that 47,945 ha m water is extracted for
domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes.
River Yamuna: The river Yamuna stretches for 22 kms
along Delhi, but after Rs 55 - 75 Crores spent per
kilometer on cleaning it up, the river is more spent than
ever.
Forest Cover: The Ridge area of Delhi has degraded
tremendously due to by roads, buildings, traffic, garbage
dumping, lopping of trees and grazing by livestock. Mining
and quarrying activities in the past have degraded the
South-Central Ridge causing enormous loss to
biodiversity.
Air Environment: The alarming levels of SPM which are
way beyond the permissible levels are a serious area of
concern. Even the RPM levels were exceeding the
permissible limits.
Environmental Health: High occurrence of respiratory
infections, heart problems, sickness from water and
vector-born diseases and other diseases because of
exposure to ambient and indoor pollutants and
inappropriate disposal practices of municipal solid waste
have become the way of life in the city.
Green House Gases: Delhi is releasing around 16 million
tones of CO
2
emissions, mainly contributed by vehicles,
power and residential sectors. This quantity if unabated
could be a major threat to stabilizing Climate Change.
Land
Management &
Urban Growth
Increasing gap between demand and supply of housing
and infrastructure
Encroachments on agriculture land and urban villages

16-7

SECTOR ISSUES
Exploitation of land for unauthorized development
Non-conforming land uses-industrial & commercial
Lack of linkage of Physical Planning Strategy with
Financial Planning
Over crowding, haphazard development without basic
services
Urban Poor
and Slum

Diminishing legal security of tenure
Lack of access to suitable mechanisms of finance
Low rate of in-situ up gradation of existing JJ clusters
Poor access to public goods and services at JJ clusters
and relocation sites
Variable plots sizes at relocation sites.
Lack of suitability of relocation sites
Conservation
& Heritage
Management

Piecemeal, uncoordinated approach to the heritage and
conservation in Delhi.
Limited positive and meaningful co-operation between
the agencies involved.
No overall planning and direction in the sector.
Monuments are in dilapidated stage and being altered
heavily (losing their historical value)
Number of heritage buildings occupied by State and
Central Government Departments.
No Incentives and technical support given to owners of
heritage building for theyre up keep and maintenance.
Difficult to apply laws and regulations and at the same
time lack of rules/ guidelines for restoration of civil
heritage, construction on and demolition of heritage
structure.
Lack of political commitment and public awareness on
heritage value.
Lack of Public facilities in and around the monuments and
area.
Poor Solid Waste Management in old city.
Water Supply

Poor management of supply, leading to high rate of water
loss (40%), intermittent supply & wastage
Augmentation of water sources required
No equitability in water supply, need for rationalization
of water supply.
High operation and maintenance cost and highly
subsidized water supply.
Revenue losses due to less coverage / jurisdiction area
(45%).
No centralized database and information management
system in place.
City Sewerage
System

530 MGD of untreated sewage is polluting the river
Yamuna.
Overflow from sewers into storm water drains (SWDs)
indicating urgent there is urgent need to segregate the
sewage flow from entering into SWDs.
Trunk sewers are considerably silted, requiring to be
desilted & repaired to restore their capacity in a time

16-8

SECTOR ISSUES
bound manner.
STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations are several years old-
leading to reduced efficiency.
conveyance system needs to be checked for full capacity
utilization of CETPs.
Storm Water
Drainage

Carries considerable quantities of raw and untreated
effluents
Need for diversion of all waste water (both domestic and
industrial) from surface drains.
Lack of integration in designing, planning and
construction of roads and drains
Streamlining of agencies responsible for drainage
throughout city
Review of
Road Network
and Transport
System

High growth rate of vehicles and heavy vehicular volumes
on road causing congestion, delay, safety, pollution
Ineffective utilization of road space- on street parking,
encroachments, lack of pedestrian facilities
Inadequate and inefficient public transport system
requirement of integrated multi-modal transport system
for Delhi
Lack priority and safety of pedestrians on road
Inadequate parking at major commercial areas and work
centers
Lack of coordination in implementing agencies
Intermixing of local and regional passenger and goods
traffic
Institutional
Arrangement

Lack of clear demarcation of responsibilities and effective
reporting mechanisms between the three tiers of
government-local, state and centre
MCD & NDMC both report to the central government and
not state government
MCD has been trying hard to introduce the new system of
Local Area Plans (LAP), through amendments to Unified
Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP
violate the Delhi Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi
Municipal Corporation Act.
Overruling of the Delhi High Court decisions by the NCT of
Delhi and Ministry of Urban Development.
There is a lack of clarity over the departmental
responsibilities for land use planning, development,
maintenance and enforcement.
Delhi Development Authority (DDA) does not coordinate
with the State Government on physical development.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 17 : Vision, Gap Analysis &
Development Strategy
Chapter 17 Vision, Gap Analysis & Development
Strategies

17-1

CHAPTER - 17
VISION, GAP ANALYSIS & DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGIES

17.1 INTRODUCTION

Evolving a vision for the city has been an iterative process, involving several
interactions with individuals, as well as focus groups. During the deliberations,
perspectives on, and aspirations for the city were put forward, in response to
the perceived inherent potential of the city, vis--vis its current state of
development.

It is now widely acknowledged that vibrant urban areas are the drivers of a
nations growth. In India, cities, which house only 30% of the population,
contribute over 60% of GDP. In order to thrive, however, it has been observed
that cities need to be strong on two fronts: economic growth and quality of
life. As noted in the city assessment, Delhi performs exceedingly well on the
first front, but falls far short on the second. This has also been confirmed by
the recently released Delhi State Development Report, which concludes that
while the city is a great place to earn a living, it a terrible place to live in. / it
offers a substandard quality of life. Delhi ranked a poor 157
th
in the Mercer
survey ranking the livability of cities in 2005.

Economic growth and quality of life are inextricably linked, and can mutually
reinforce each other leading to / in a virtuous cycle or degrade each other,
resulting in a vicious cycle. It is thus critical that Delhi utilizes the advantage of
its current buoyant economic growth to effect improvements in the quality of
life of its inhabitants. It is anticipated that these measures will impact the
citys economic performance directly, as well as indirectly. Alongside this, the
city needs to capitalize on its strengths in order to attract talent, nurture
entrepreneurship, and boost the performance of specific economic sectors
within its boundaries. These measures will put in place a competitive
advantage / edge for the city, to ensure that that Delhi acts as a magnet for
the best, and sustains its high growth rate well into the future.

17.2 VISION STATEMENT

During the stakeholder workshops, and on-site consultations undertaken across
the city as part of the CDP, the following concerns emerged as uppermost
amongst all stakeholders
1
:

Access to basic infrastructure -- safe drinking water, sanitation, drainage,
power, health care and education

Establishing an image for the city, to guide initiatives at urban renewal; and
undertaking these with the aim of recreating the city

Safeguarding the citys depleting environmental resources ground water,
the River, the ridge

1
Stakeholders consulted included government representatives, political representatives, academic representatives,
NGOs, RWAs, and prominent citizens
Chapter 17 Vision, Gap Analysis & Strategies
Development

17-2

Assuring safety and security to all segments of the population

Making provisions for the lower income groups, who are perceived as not
having been provided.

Safe, reliable and affordable transport infrastructure, providing effective
connectivity across the city

Most critically, providing a reliable, accountable / transparent, and
responsive system of governance for the management of city infrastructure,
and the conduct of urban activities / its business.

The urgent need for systems and procedures of decision making and
management that could respond to the needs of the citys inhabitants as
against other interests was echoed across all groups of stakeholders.

On the basis of the above, Delhis Vision is defined as follows: To become a
highly livable city that offers a superior quality of life through a robust,
employment generating economy; that is safe and inclusive, environmentally
and socially sustainable; and is based on reliable infrastructure and offers a
transparent, responsive system of governance dedicated to the citys felt
needs.

Strategies across sectors to achieve the above vision are elaborated further
below.

17.3 STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The overall strategy for economic development is based on certain key
observations made during the city assessment, as well as a consideration of
international practices in comparable situations. Delhi, like all major metros
worldwide is driven by a fast growing migrant population. Historically,
migrations have fueled major economic shifts not only in countries, but more
critically, in key cities. Some of the notable examples have been the growth of
cities like London in UK; New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles in USA; and
Shanghai in China. Similar trends are noticed in the sub continent also,
including in Mumbai and Bangalore.

Delhi, in particular, due to its location has been the scene of major conflicts
and attendant migration through its turbulent history. This has ingrained a high
level of entrepreneurship, innovation and tolerance into its character, which
are also its basic strengths.

The present state of the city, as defined in the previous chapter, shows a fast
growing service sector that provides a major share to the GSDP (76%). It also
shows a high growth in population (45% over the last 10 years), fuelled by
immigration, a majority of whom are involved with the unorganized service and
manufacturing sectors. Surveys indicate that up to 60 % of the fresh migrants to
the city are absorbed into these sectors. Other key characteristics of its
economic profile include

The tertiary sector, accounting for 76% of the GSDP of Delhi, is also the
fastest growing. Within the tertiary sector, real estate and business services
showed 17 % CAGR between 1994 2004.
Strategies

17-3

Trade, along with Hotels & Restaurants account for over 43.5% of the total
enterprises in Delhi and contribute to nearly 20% of its GSDP.

As per the the 55
th
round of the NSS, about 45 % of the employment
generated in the city is accounted for by the informal, or unorganized
sector.

The Annual Survey of Industries (2003-2004), revealed that as many as 18 %
of the factories in the city were engaged in manufacturing of wearing
apparel, dressing and dying of fur. This activity has a large representation in
the unorganized industrial sector as well.

A comparison with other major metros like London, New York and Shanghai
shows that Delhi is fairly well placed to emerge as a leading city, at least from
an economic view point, as it has all the major ingredients in place:

High growth in revenues driven by a strong and fast growing services sector,
high collection of revenues and high per capita income.

Located as the gateway for the north, it is the regional hub for movement
of goods and traffic. It is also the major port of entry for the north and is a
tourism gateway.

Intrinsic demographic advantage with a high level of literacy and migrant
population that provide it with dynamism that has come to characterize the
city.

The city needs to make the best use of its resources, which is essentially the
high level of entrepreneurial ability of its people. In order to unleash the true
potential, the govt. needs to encourage and nurture these abilities through
forward looking policies and interventions. The following strategies are
recommended for sustaining the growth of the city well into the future:

Encourage high value-add services:

Delhi has the potential to become a major hub for a number of high value-
add services through leveraging its locational strengths. Due to the presence
of a large and fast growing base of IT-BPO service sector in its hinterland
(NCR) the city is strategically positioned to provide a high quality
professional manpower to these industries. With the major road corridors
like the North-South, East-West and Golden Quadrilateral passing through
the State, the city could also metamorphose itself into a major inland
container port and logistic hub. The city has a historical advantage in this
respect, being the hub for redistribution of wholesale produce in the
northern region of the country.

Another area that has a huge potential for generating high value addition is
the fashion industry as it has the largest concentration of design houses in
this sector in the country. Moreover, it has a geographic advantage in
having a rich crafts tradition in the textile sector within easy reach in
regional cities such as Lucknow, Jaipur, Aligarhetc to add value to high
end products. Coupled with other life style products, this could become a
major growth sector in the years to come. Also, with its rich cultural
Development

17-4

heritage, and a major port of entry, the city could be a major tourist
destination.

Organizing Low End Services:

The city has a very vibrant unorganized sector that provides it with a
plethora of low end services. It is recommended that this sector be provided
with a range of incentives to enable it to grow and gainfully employ the
large number of people who migrate from the neighboring States in search
of work to the city. One of the key incentives would be to provide this
sector with simplified processes for micro-credit accessibility. In its absence
these enterprises often turn to the money lenders or stagnate. This also
needs to be properly propagated for effective utilization.

A key enabler for this sector is provision of adequate and reliable public
infrastructure. The major areas requiring intervention and development
include affordable housing, appropriate transport links and education
facilities for the slums and JJ unit dwellers, which supply the majority of
the work force for the unorganized sector.

Enhancing Quality:

Measures need to be initiated for capacity building in the unorganized
sector for enhancing quality of products and services, positively affecting
value addition and returns.

Based on the key strategies defined above for the city development and the
analysis of the present state of the city, an action plan for Delhi has been
defined in the subsequent paragraphs.

17.4 KEY SECTORS

The key areas that have potential for driving the economic growth of the city
are:

1. IT & ITES Sector
2. Life Style Sector
3. Logistics Sector
4. Heritage & Tourism Sector
5. Education Sector

In addition to the above, it is anticipated that the large investments flowing
into the construction and infrastructure development sectors due to the
Commonwealth Games 2010, and projects flowing from the JNNURM process
will also enhance the economy of the city substantially.

17.4.1 The IT & ITES Sector

The IT & ITES sector in India has been moving up the value chain, world-wide,
in the Software and BPO services, with consequent growth in its value-addition
and quantum. As per NASSCOM data, the turnover of the IT & ITES sector for
the year 2005-06 was US$ 23.4 Billion, with an annual growth rate of 32%. It
presently employs nearly 1.3 million people directly and has created an
additional 2 million jobs indirectly.
Strategies

17-5

The NCR is one of the major hubs for this sector along with Bangalore,
Hyderabad, Chennai, and Mumbai-Pune. The city, with its large population of
well educated work force, is ideally positioned to attain the pre-eminent
position for providing workers for this fast growth sector. However, there is
need for undertaking major capacity building exercise in consonance with the
requirements of this sector.

Development of a framework for boosting the KPO sector needs to be
undertaken, including exploring the possibility of setting up SEZ for the
purpose. The KPO sector is at a nascent stage in the country and Delhi could
emerge as one of the key destinations for this due its ready availability of high
quality professionals. This could particularly be in the areas of Medicine, Law,
Biotechnology, Education & Training, Engineering, Paralegal Content and even
Intelligence services.

17.4.2 The Life Style Sector

The high per capita income of the City, coupled with the concentration of
industries in its hinterland (Faridabad, NOIDA, Gurgaon, etc.) and the inherent
spending habits of the populace has placed the city in a pre-eminent position in
the fashion industry. It currently hosts a majority of the top-end designers in
the country.

This industry along with the personal care and home care industry show a huge
potential for growth, fueled by the growth of income in the NCR. As these
industries are largely dependent on the services/skills of the unorganized
sector, the growth in the above sectors would translate into huge economic
spin-offs for the unorganized sector. It is necessary to explore the availability
of land at suitable locations that could cater to the clientele in both the city
and its hinterland. One such area, capitalizing on the existing location of many
of these shops (albeit low-end), is the Mehrauli-Gurgaon Road. It is proposed to
develop it as the Life Style Mile. The private sector could be invited to
undertake the development of this on suitable terms.

The backward linkages with the location and skills of the workforce needs to be
explored and adequate infrastructural services need to be planned and
provided for in a time-bound fashion for ensuring sustainable development in
this sector.

17.4.3 The Logistics Sector

As discussed in a previous paragraph, the location of Delhi and its history as a
trading center have placed it at a pre-eminent position in the northern part of
India. It also is major transportation junction road, rail and air. With the three
major road corridors North-South, East-West and Golden Quadrilateral
passing through the State, the city would be even better positioned as a hub for
transportation and logistics in the region.

The city already boasts of some of the largest mandis for vegetable, fruits, etc.
The hinterland is also one of the major providers of fresh produce, apparel,
leather, as well as engineering goods. The city needs to provide high quality
infrastructure to complement its position as the logistics hub for the north. This
could include creating multiple inland container ports at suitable locations,
Development

17-6

along with upgrading its storage capacities like cold storage facilities (critical
to fresh produce) and mechanized loading, unloading and handling facilities.
Integrated goods storage and transportation systems --- which would extend
from the points of entry to the airport / freight terminals --- need to be
explored and suitable strategies and policies need to be implemented by the
GNCTD.

17.4.4 Heritage & Tourism Sector

Delhi, considered as a historic city of potential World Heritage significance due
to the unparalleled richness and diversity of its natural and cultural heritage, is
also one of the most prominent tourist destinations in North India, and is
perceived as the Gateway to North India. Due to its location as an important
node of both the Agra-Jaipur and Varanasi-Khajuraho circuits, Delhi received
over 3 million domestic and international tourists in 2001-02. However, in
comparison with other capital cities such as London, Rome and Paris,
(comparable with Delhi in terms of historic significance and concentration of
heritage resources), the potential for heritage tourism in Delhi is underutilized.
BTA statistics and independent heritage economics studies indicate that London
attracted almost 9 million visitors in early 2006, with monthly revenues of 3.9
billion pounds. Similarly, Paris, in 1996, attracted 12.129 million domestic and
international tourists, motivated mainly by cultural reasons, generating 12.75
billion francs, and 43,000 jobs were created in that year alone.

Delhis rich, multi-layered heritage needs to be considered as an economic
resource or heritage capital, capable of enriching the quality of life of Delhis
inhabitants & stimulating development through growth of heritage tourism.

Innovative management strategies for the heritage assets of Delhi are required
to ensure creation of employment opportunities linked to cultural tourism and
provision of facilities for mid-range tourists in heritage areas. These strategies
could include:

Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings as affordable and safe accommodation
for mid and low range tourists, within significant historic areas,

Development of attractive thematic tourist circuits linking the various
historic sites throughout the city, supported by a dedicated tourist
transportation network of battery buses and other modes of transport.

Other facilities required are related to provision of well researched site
signage, interpretive materials, publications and guides as well as for nurturing
and development of crafts industries of the Old City.

As any growth in heritage tourism is dependent on conservation of the heritage
resources, appropriate strategies for heritage management, area level
conservation, and adaptive reuse of historic buildings, infrastructure provision
and up gradation are essential. A combination of strategies for economic &
physical regeneration of heritage assets such as the Walled City of
Shahjehanabad, historic urban villages and numerous heritage precincts are
required which would ensure the continued relevance of the heritage in
contemporary life as well as enhanced employment, educational & recreational
opportunities.

Strategies

17-7

17.4.5 Education Sector

Delhi is a Mecca for education with students from all over the country and
overseas making it a preferred destination for higher studies. With over 187,000
students on the rolls of its nearly 150 institutions of higher education, it churns
out a large number of skilled and semi-skilled students every year. These
provide the base for the growth of the industries in the city and its hinterland.
However, with only 15 technical and 18 medical colleges the effective output
of highly skilled workforce is only a fraction of the requirements.

The city and its hinterland (NCR) are poised to be one of largest conglomeration
of professional services in the World, due to the globalization of services and
the explosive growth potential it entails. This, along with the aspirations of its
fast growing population, necessitates urgent expansion of the educational
infrastructure in the city.

The Govt. needs to allocate adequate land for undertaking a major expansion in
the educational infrastructure at all levels so as to meet the above growth
requirements. These projects could be undertaken by the GNCTD or by inviting
the private sector to participate in the process. Common facilities of a high
standard for research and development (laboratories, libraries etc) require to
be put in place. Innovative systems, such as an independent accreditation
system for universities in the city could be explored

17.5 STRATEGY FOR CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

17.5.1 Strategy for Water Supply

The following table presents an estimation of the gaps in water supply
infrastructure:

Table 17.1 : Gaps in water supply infrastructure

S. No Infrastructure Year Available Required
Proposed
Augmentation
(already planned by
DJB)
Shortfall
1.
Treated Water
(MGD)
2006
715 MGD
(installed cap.= 790)
990 MGD

(140 MGD Sonia Vihar
WTP included )
275 MGD

2011
940 MGD on
completion of
augmentation works
(indicated by DJB)

1140 MGD
20+40 new WTPs + 45
MGD by recycling of
process water at the
existing WTPs+ Tube
wells etc
200 MGD
2021 940 MGD 1380 MGD
Construction &
augmentation in WTP
capacity depends on the
construction of New
Dams
440 MGD
2.
Water Storage
Capacity (MG)
2006 175 MG
277
MG*

100 MG
approx
2011 329 MG
329 MG
**
Augmentation proposed
to achieve 35% storage
Nil -
Subject to
Development

17-8

capacity achievemen
t of
targetted
augmentatio
n
2021 329 MG 483 MG
Augmentation
proposed to achieve 35%
storage capacity
Nil -
Subject to
achievemen
t of
targetted
augmentatio
n
3.
Distribution
Network (kms)
2006 10, 000 kms
11,616
kms***
1,616 kms
2011 11,250 kms
12,396
kms
250 kms of bulk mains
and some 1000 kms of
distribution mains .
1,146 kms
2021
11,250 kms

13,800
kms
2,550 kms
(*) Based on 35% of installed WTP capacity
(**) 399 MG (for 1140 MGD )
(***) Urban Area of Delhi in 2006 is approx. 774 sq. Kms. Distribution network estimated @ 15 R.
Kms (bulk and branch) per Sq. Kms of urban area
()Water mains in unauthorised colonies to be laid on payment of development charges subject
to technical feasibility

The key issue in water supply in Delhi currently is the inordinately high level of
Unaccounted for Water. While the per capita availability of water is
sufficient to meet the requirements of the present day population, its
management and distribution are such that up to 42 % of the water produced
goes unaccounted for as much as 40% due to losses in transmission and
distribution. Moreover, distribution is skewed, both within and between zones -
from a bare minimum of 29 LPCD to a maximum of over 500 LPCD.

To improve the satisfaction level of consumers it is thus necessary / critical to
take effective and urgent steps for reduction of losses in a time bound manner,
and enhance the management of water supply. A series of projects have been
proposed to this effect, including revamping and up-gradation of the internal
water distribution network; a comprehensive leak detection study; and
construction of UGRs and BPSs in different parts of the city in order to
equalize distribution. For the DJB to know correctly the quantity of water
produced, and distributed, and isolate areas of loss, metering at the WTP for
incoming and outgoing supplies, and supplies to various UGRs is a necessity, and
has been proposed. It is anticipated that the proposed GIS mapping of the
water supply network will improve management efficiencies considerably.

While the city is currently well placed with respect to sources of supply, it will
become necessary to augment these in the medium to long term. For this
purpose, 20 high yield tube wells in the floodplains of river at Palla are
proposed to be constructed, and the up gradation of Chandrawal Water Works
and Construction of 8 MGD recycling plant at Chandrawal Water Works is
proposed to be taken up. Supporting projects, such as new WTPs are also
proposed. In addition, it is proposed to embark on the construction of storage
Strategies

17-9

facilities in the upper reaches of river Yamuna so that the allocated water as
per MOU between the basin states is uniformly available throughout the year
2
.
This will address long term requirements.

The water supply network needs to be extended to currently uncovered areas.
Also, in order that pricing of water supplied may reflect the costs of treatment,
storage and distribution, rates will have to be revised. However, prior to this,
both supply, as well as response to customer problems has to be improved.
Revamping of the Customer Care Services, in order to enable greater customer
access to the service provider has been proposed. Moreover, it is anticipated
that bulk metering as proposed above, coupled with improvements in energy
consumption and effective metering at the consumers end will facilitate
proper revenue audits and promote a healthy financial status of the DJB.

Projects proposed under the water sector can thus be categorized under three
strategies:

to address water losses in transmission and distribution; and enhance
overall management of distribution

Augmentation of water supply from 790 to 919 MGD

Promotion of efficiency in service delivery and strengthening of cost
recovery mechanisms.

Table 17.2: Delhi Master Plan 2021 (MPD-2021) estimates of water
requirements

Norm Quantum
(in gpcd)
Quantum
(in gpcd)
Source for Non
Potable water
Potable Non -
Potable

Domestic (@50
gpcd)
30 20 Recycling and
permissible
GW
extraction at
community

level
Non Domestic
(@Non Domestic 30 gpcd
5 25
Irrigation,horticulture
recreational,Construction,
Fire ( @ 6.75 lpcd )
10 Recycling from
STPs and permissible
GW extraction
Public-semi public,
Industrial,Commercial
5 15 Recycling from CETPs

Total ( @ 80 gpcd )

35 45
The Plan has split the water requirement in two parts: potable and non-
potable as 35 & 45 GPCD respectively, with the proviso that

2
Presently 580 MCM water is allocated during July - Oct out of a total annual allocation of 724 MCM.
Development

17-10

In the existing areas till the arrangement of non potable water is made,
potable water shall be supplied. For urban extensions and areas under
development schemes, these norms are recommended with necessary
provisions.

This entails laying a dual water supply system. If this is to be undertaken, it
may require laying of around 15,000 kms of network requiring very high
financial outlay. DJB is considering to have dual pipe system in a few new
colonies as well as planned colonies and has provided a sum of Rs 30 crores in
the draft 11th Five Year Plan. This has not been repeated for in the CDP.

No further mention, in terms of strategies or projects to bridge the gap in
availability and requirement, is made in the Plan document.

17.5.2 Strategy for Sewerage

Table 17.3 Estimated gaps in sewerage infrastructure

S. NoInfrastructure Year Available Required Proposed
Augmentation
(already planned
by DJB)
Shortfall
1. Sewage Treatment
Capacity (MGD)
2006 512.4 MGD 800 MGD 287.6 MGD
2011 701.4 MGD
(512.4 + 189
MGD )
on completion
of
augmentation
works.
912 MGD
Estimated at 80%
of water
requirement in
2011(*)
189 MGD
( As per DJB 11th
five year plan,
2007 - 2012.
210.6 MGD
(940-
701.4 )
(**)

2021 701.4 MGD 1104 MGD
Estimated at 80%
of water
requirement in
2021
Capacity to be
raised
commensurate
with augmentation
in water supply
402.6 MGD

2. Conveyance
Network (kms)
2006 6831.54 kms
(Internal sewers
& Trunk sewers
7016 kms 185 kms
approx
2011 6831.54 R. Kms 8264 R. Km (***) 1432.46 kms
approx.

2021 6831.54 + 250
+600 = 7681.54
R. Kms
9200 R. Kms. Further
augmentation in
sewer network
depends upon
changes in policy
for laying sewers
in unauthorised
colonies
1518.46 kms
approx.

* While the availability of treated water supplied by DJB will be less than this, it is
assumed that use of ground water by individuals will be resorted to, to meet shortage in
water supply
Strategies

17-11

** A sum of Rs 700 crores is proposed in the CDP for augmentation in STP capacity. This is
sufficient to construct 350 MGD cap. of STPs
*** Urban area of Delhi in 1999 was 701.6 sq. Kms. It is proposed to be 920 sq. Kms in
2021, a total increase of 218.4 Sq. Kms over 21 years, or an annual increase of 10.4 Sq.
Kms. In 2011, the urban area will be approx. 826.4 sq. Kms. Sewerage requrement (trunk
as well as branch) has been estimated @ 10 R. Km / sq. Km
As and when work will be taken, it will be against depositing of development charges
by the beneficiaries.

Currently, 512.6 MGD capacity of sewage treatment is available in the STPs
existing at 17 locations. However the cumulative inflow at the STPs is only 346
MGD
3
, due to short-comings in the conveyance network. City sewage is often
discharged into storm water drains, since sewers even where available - are
heavily silted. This balance sewage is discharged in to the river and is a cause
of pollution of River Yamuna. It is thus critical to rehabilitate the conveyance
network trunk and other sewers in order to ensure optimal utilization of the
installed treatment facilities. Rehabilitation of trunk sewers in walled city
area, north & west districts has been proposed, as well as the refurbishment of
SPSs and revamping and up-gradation of internal sewers.

In addition, about 60 per cent of the population in the outer areas, urban
villages and unauthorized areas are not covered by the sewerage network. The
sewage from these areas and inner city areas also finds its way into the River.
Provision of sewer network in currently inhabited, but un-sewered, areas is thus
the second priority. This is not only necessary for the health of Delhi-ites but
also of people residing in downstream reaches of the river, like Faridabad,
Mathura, Agra etc. Increased coverage of the conveyance system will call for
the augmentation of sewage treatment capacity to meet the entire generation
of sewage present day sewage generation in the city is estimated at 800 MGD as
against existing treatment capacity of 512 MGD. DJB is proposing the immediate
augmentation of sewage treatment by 100 MGD by 2009.

There are 1432 un-authorized colonies where sewers cannot be provided as per
High Court orders. This however is leading to pollution of river Yamuna, and it
is proposed that the present policy be reviewed, as part of the pollution
abatement effort. Another 1080 JJ Clusters are also adding to pollution on
account of generation of wastewater. As per prevailing policy sewers cannot be
laid in such areas. This policy also calls for a review, subject to the overall
policy on slum settlements in the city.

Projects proposed to improve sewerage in the city are thus presented under the
following strategies:

Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept sewage ---
abatement of pollution

Provision of sewer network in un-sewered areas

Augmentation of sewage treatment capacity

3
Out of this, the 72 MGD STP at Keshopur is not performing to standards. Thus in effect only 346 - 72 = 244 MGD sewage
is being treated.
Development

17-12

As per draft MPD-2021, the projected requirement for Sewage treatment is
1328 MGD. The MPD-2021 further states By the year 2021 entire Delhi should
be served by regular sewerage system in a phased manner. It is recommended
that recycling plants of treated waste water and a plan for recycling of
treated waste water to meet non potable water needs and conveyance system
has to be laid to carry treated waste water from STPs to the areas for
alternative uses

As a result, DJB is contemplating to set up three treatment plants, each of
capacity not less than 3 MGD, to treat sewage using membrane technology /
RO technology at the STPs at Okhla, Papankalan and Rithala. The treated
water would be supplied to potential customers (in the command area of the
plants), for non-human consumption uses; use in household toilets; for cooling
purposes in power plants, hospitals etc.; thereby effecting economy in use of
potable water. Rs. 45 crores has been proposed in the Draft Five Year Plan
(2007 -12) for the construction of these plants at the three locations mentioned
above. This has not been repeated in the CDP.

17.5.3 Strategy for Solid Waste Management

Table17. 4: Estimated gaps in SWM infrastructure

S.
No
Infrastructure Year Available /
Expected
Required
(as per
generation
of SW
Proposed
Augmentation
(By ULB
itself)
Shortfall
1. SWM
Collection
Facilities
(Dhalaos /
binsetc. or
total capacity
available)
2006 Under PPP (MCD has privatized collection and transportation
in 6 out of 12 zones. The balance zones are also under
consideration for privatization. It is envisaged that gaps in
these aspects will be met by the private sector in such a
manner that required performance criteria are met.
2011 - do -
2021 - do -
2. SWM
Transportation
facilities (No.
of trucks or
total capacity
available)
2006 - do -
2011 - do -
2021 - do -
3. SWM
Treatment
Facilities
(TPD) as % of
generation
2006 975 TPD
(14.33%)
composting
facility
6800 (MSW -
5000 + C&D
1800)
975 to 1075
TPD
composting
facility
5780 TPD
2011 4975 TPD
(MSW 3975 +
C&D 1000)
(55%)
9000 TPD
(MSW - 6600
+ C&D
2400)
- 4050 TPD
(38% MSW,
58% C&D)

Strategies

17-13

2021 Processing
capacity to be
increased to
take care of
total
generation
through PPP
16000 TPD
(MSW -
11800 +
C&D 4200)
New facility
to be
developed to
augment
capacity
-
4. SWM
Disposal
Facilities
(TPD) as % of
generation
and treated
waste
2006 5400 TPD in
open dumps
(79.5%)
(closure,
capping and
landscaping of
these open
dumps
recommended)
5825 (in
case 975
TPD is
actually
processed)

2011 30% of total
generation
including
processing
rejects
2700 TPD
(provided
above
indicated
processing
facilities for
MSW and
C&D waste
can be set
up and
made
operational)
nil
2021 25% of
generation,
provided the
proposed site
at Bhatti Mines
or any other
equivalent
landfill space
is available
4800 TPD (-
do-)
nil

The key issues in Delhi with respect to solid waste management are:

Efficient service delivery (collection and removal of garbage, construction
and demolition debris and other types of waste, street sweeping etc.)
leading to clean surroundings and feeling of well being amongst the
citizens.

Appropriate disposal of waste in conformity with the applicable rules; and
most importantly,

Strategy for reducing land requirement

Among the above, the most important concern currently is reduction in land
requirement for disposal. In the absence of adequate land, the three landfill
sites are being over-used, resulting in adverse environmental conditions in the
Development

17-14

surrounding areas. As per the present situation, Delhi is actually in a very
serious situation with respect to land required for processing and disposal of
solid waste.

The strategies for reducing land requirement would be to maximize appropriate
treatment of different waste streams, in order to reduce volumes of waste
requiring being land-filled. It is proposed that the use of existing and proven
technologies be maximized for this purpose, as well as new technologies are
introduced, as elaborated below:

The existing composting facilities may be re-engineered, revitalized and
capacity augmented with technical inputs and marketing support

Additional facilities for waste processing, including composting, and other
processing technologies to the maximum possible extent should be installed
(for example, dry combustible waste can be processed as refuse derived
fuel)

Processing and disposal facilities be developed for construction and
demolition debris starting with pilot facilities

In addition to this, a massive and sustained campaign encouraging people to
consciously reduce waste and segregate at source to facilitate waste processing
would have to be undertaken.

In order to mitigate adverse impact to the environment, the immediate
development of new sanitary landfills at identified sites (Jaitpur, Narela
Bawana and Bhatti Mines in that order) is proposed. Alongside this, the
closure, capping and landscaping of existing dump-sites would have to be
undertaken. This would have to be accompanied by a plan for disposal of waste
during the intermittent period, before new sanitary landfills are commissioned
and actually operated.

Improvement of service delivery is critical in ensuring that quality of the
environment in the city is maintained. In order to build this, sustained training
for all the municipal staff as well as staff of any private operator involved in
waste management for their capacity building and planning capability, has also
been proposed

Thus the two key strategies in solid waste management can be summarized as
under;

Maximizing effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in
order to minimize land required for land fill sites

Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient
land fill sites for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery

The MPD 2021 makes the following recommendations with respect to solid
waste management in the city (14.6, pages 110-111)

Processing of MSW and recycling of construction and demolition debris
(C&D) has been emphasized upon to minimize landfill space requirement
Strategies

17-15

Reservation of land for processing and disposal of solid waste in the Zonal
Plans suggested
The quantum of generation has been estimated, and

The CDP is in tune with the MPD 2021 in all of the above respects.

17.5.4 Strategy for Drainage

Table 17.5. Estimated gaps in drainage infrastructure

S.
No
Infrastructure Year Available Required Proposed
Augmentation
(already
planned by ULB)
Shortfall
1. Total existing
length of drains
(kms) natural
plus man made
2006 25000 km deemed
sufficient
none
2. Drains in need of
rehabilitation
2006 100 kms Remodeling and
refurbishing of
17 major drains
by MCD (ongoing)
Nil
3. Additional drains
required
2011 25250
kms
deemed
sufficient
Master Plan for
drainage to
cover additional
areas under
preparation
Nil
2021 25250
kms
3000 kms Tentative, would
be finalized from
the Master Plan
3000
kms
Note: In the absence of reliable information, the above figures are based on estimates
by the MCD.

The key issues in drainage are:

Lack of comprehensive planning and maintenance due to multiple agencies
in the city looking after storm water drainage MCD, DJB and PWD.
Combined storm water drains and sewer drains, mostly as a bypass
arrangement for blocked sewer drains
Neglect of the natural drainage basins and systems leading to water logging
and even flooding
Lack of coordination in planning and construction of roads and drains

In order to address the above, it is proposed that a comprehensive study of the
storm drainage situation be undertaken. The last Master Plan for drainage was
prepared in 1977, and still remains to be implemented. The study should be
followed by comprehensive planning in a way which also addresses the inter-
relationship with sewer lines so that the independent identity of each is
maintained. A long term planning for 30 years slotted into 5-year phases needs
to be done. A detailed project report (DPR) needs to be prepared based on the
study, which would then be considered for implementation

Development

17-16

Creation of an appropriate authority to deal with the sewer drains, the
storm water drains and the natural drainage basins of the NCT area. This
authority should have a well equipped planning and design wing.

Short-term repair and de-silting of all the drains on emergency basis

Revival of the Natural drains on the line of South Delhi Greenways Project
(proposed for Barapulla drain, which contributes to 3.69% of discharge into
river Yamuna in the Delhi stretch)

After commissioning and monitoring the functioning of the above project for
Barapulla drain, a similar study should be made in the medium term for
Najafgarh drain, which is by far the largest contributor in terms of discharge
into river Yamuna (51.75%)

MPD- 2021 makes mention of the following with respect to drainage (14.4,
pages 107-108)

Drainage to be integral part of road development plan
A proper database to be prepared and GIS based mapping and planning be
promoted
Development of sub-wells under flyovers for trapping storm water
Pump houses in low-lying areas should be provided
Remodeling of selected drains

The approach of the CDP has integrated the above points.

17.5.5 Strategy for Traffic and Transport

Of the various issues identified in the sector, those related to the public
transport system are most critical. The public transport system in Delhi
currently captures only 60% of the total trips made. As a result, private modes
of transport have been increasing at a rapid pace, leading to increasing
congestion, parking problems and air pollution. The share of the public
transport system needs to be substantially augmented in order to account for
80% of trips, at least. This can happen with citywide coverage of public
transport available from origin to destination with minimum interchanges.
Keeping in view the travel demand and available right of way, an integrated
multi modal public transport network is proposed for development in Delhi,
which would include the high capacity metro rail , light rail transit , mono rail,
bus system and IRBT systems. Metro corridors and IRBT corridors form a part of
the existing work in progress, while the feasibility report for other corridors is
in progress.

Vehicular emissions account for 67 % of the air pollution in Delhi. IT is further
notable, that 2/3irds of the vehicles in the city are two-wheelers, operated on
two-stroke engines, and carrying 1 2 passengers.

It is felt that cycles and cycle rickshaws can play an important role in reducing
levels of pollution. Corridors with high usage of these modes need to be
identified and developed to provide safe movement of these modes which can
be very effective in short distance trips along sub arterial roads, local roads and
Strategies

17-17

National Urban Transport Policy ( NUTP )

As per the directives of the GOI- MOUD- UT
the various proposals for urban transport
being prepared under JNNURM should
comply with NUTP in order to be eligible
for Central Govt. funding.
The focus of NUTP is on the following
strategies :
1. Equitable allocation of road space with
people as focus
2. Priority to the use of Public Transport
3. Integrated public transport systems
4. Priority to non motorised transport
5. Promote multilevel parking complexes
6. Create public awareness

Delhi CDP priorities and projects have been
identified based on above guidelines of
NUTP.

along major transport corridors near industrial nodes. The CDP identifies a few
areas for development in order to promote these modes of transport.

More than 60 % of daily trips in the city have at least one part of the journey as
pedestrian. Pedestrians are most vulnerable road users, and their safe
movement is of paramount importance and needs to be given priority on road.
Proposals for strengthening of foot-paths, and development of foot over bridges
have been included in list of projects.

The road network accounts for about 21% of the total area, which is above
average of 12 to 15 % for urban areas. This translates into a road density of 19.2
Km. per Sq. Km (for 1483 sq. kms); and 38 kms per Sq. Km, considering the
current urban area of 750 sq.
kms. Being already on the high
side, this limits the potential for
increase in road length. The
overall approach is thus to
increase the effective use of the
available road network -- it is felt
that the available infrastructure
should be utilized optimally to
ease the traffic on the roads in
Delhi. The emphasis has to be on
peripheral roads and roads in the
trans-yamuna area. There is also
a need for developing area level
traffic control systems and traffic
management plans to optimally
utilize the available
infrastructure. A few additional
roads required, included elevated
roads, and improvement of major
intersections has been proposed. Proper management and regulation of parking
spaces especially in and around the commercial centers is also important in this
respect. There is also a need for devising measures to control the demand for
parking as it is difficult to supply as per the increasing demand.

Connaught Place and the walled city are important commercial centers as well
as sites of heritage importance. To retain the character of these central
business districts of the city, special schemes for redevelopment of these areas
have been proposed. Delhi being a major trading center for the whole of North
India, attracts a lot of regional visitors and goods traffic. In order to cater to
these, development of decentralized passenger and goods terminals based upon
directional needs of travel on the periphery of the city itself (so that inner
parts of the city can be relieved of the traffic load) has been proposed.

The overall goal of the proposals made in the CDP is to provide, promote and
ensure safe, economic, and efficient movement of all categories of passenger
and goods vehicles, with a focus on the provision of an environment friendly
integrated multi modal transport system for Delhi urban area. In order to
achieve this, projects have been proposed under the following broad strategies:

Provision of safe and efficient public transport system
Development

17-18

Encouraging the use of non-motorized modes of passenger transport

Equitable use of space on road and priority to pedestrians

Efficient use of existing infrastructure removal of impediments including
enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking
facilities

Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas

Development of goods and passenger terminals on the basis of directional
needs

Enhancement of Road Infrastructure

Awareness and enforcement drives

Table 17.6 Integration of proposals contained in MDP-2021 with Strategies
for Transportation

MASTER PLAN REFERENCE INCORPORATION INTO CDP
(THROUGH RELEVANT STRATEGY)
Promote public transport through
planning

Capacity building of Public Transport system
Projects A (i), (ii) and (iii) all recommended in MPD-
2021
Develop Integrated Multi modal
Public Transport System including,
MRTS. LRT,HCBS, etc
Capacity building of Public Transport system
Projects A (i), (ii) and (iii) all recommended in MPD-
2021
Give priority to the safety of
pedestrians on the road.

Provide Equitable Use of Space on Roads, and Priority
to Pedestrians
Project G (i) recommended in MPD-2021
Project G (ii) and (iii)
Optimal utilization of existing road
network and full development of
ROW
Full Development of ROW of Roads
Projects E (i) & (ii) as per MPD 2021
Recommendation
Projects E (iii) E (vxx)
Identification and Development of
Urban Relief Roads
Develop New Roads and Bridges as New Link Roads
Projects C (iii) and (iv) as per MPD-2021
All projects under strategy
Development of comprehensive
parking policy.

Management and Creation of New Parking Areas
Projects F(i) and (iii)
Project F (ii)
Provision of directional goods and
passenger terminal.

Development of Passenger and Goods Terminals based
on Directional Needs
Projects B (i) and (ii) - as per MPD-2021
Create awareness and
enforcement

Create Awareness and Enforcement Drives
Projects J(i) and (iii) as per MPD-2021
J(ii)
Strategies

17-19

Specific Project recommendations
(which have been incorporated
under Various Strategy Heads in
the CDP, among other relevant
projects)
Under Strategy Head Prepare Special Intergated
Schemes for ovement in CP and Old City Area
i) Improvement Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate,
Fountain Chowk, Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15
locations
ii) Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught Place
including parking below inner circle
iii) Pedestrianisation ( partial ) Chowk Area with
heritage considerations

Under Strategy Head Encourage Use of IPT and Non-
motorised Transport
i) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-Arterial & Local
Level roads and streets new areas and urban extensions
(ii) Road improvements for use of cycle rickshaw in
Karol Bagh/Lajpat Nagar and Trans Yammuna Area

In addition to the above, the Master Plan also recommends the following:

- Expansion and strengthening of Ring rail and suburban rail system however,
the planning and implementation of rail transport lies with railways dept.
- Quick and efficient transport network between NCR & NCT of Delhi this is
already being implemented through schemes, as mentioned below: Faridabad
Noida Gaziabad Kundli , or the Eastern Peripheral Expressway with a total
length of 106 Km., being implemented by an SPV formed by NCRPB,MOUD, ILFS
and State Govt. of Haryana , U.P. and Delhi.
- Palwal Manesar Kundli, or the Western Peripheral Expressway, being
implemented by NHAI
- rail projects for commuter travel, identified as a part of regional rapid transit
system. The priority corridors in the projects include Delhi-Palwal, Delhi
Panipat, Delhi Gaziabad. Besides these, it is proposed to extend the metro
corridors to NOIDA and Gurgaon to cater to the travel demand between Delhi
and NCR towns. These projects are under various stages of implementation.

17.5.6 Strategy for Urban Heritage

The City Development Plan recognizes the importance of the cultural and
natural heritage of Delhi as a resource or as Cultural Capital Assets. These
heritage resources, of great value, not only enrich and enliven the fabric of the
contemporary city, contributing to its distinctive identity as a globally
significant capital city through the ages, but also represent tremendous (and
unutilized) latent potential for macro-level city environmental improvement,
community level economic regeneration and revenue generation.

The CDP puts forward a set of inter-related strategies for ensuring the
integration of these invaluable cultural assets within the sustainable
development process for Delhi, based on appropriate, participatory
conservation programmes and comprehensive heritage management frameworks
and plans. . The necessity for ensuring the continued, enhanced relevance of
these heritage resources within the life of the community is recognized: the
CDP strategies seek to ensure that the traditional links between the natural and
cultural resources and the inhabitants are enhanced and strengthened, through
Development

17-20

primarily community based conservation processes, in order to improve Delhis
environment.

The overall vision for heritage management in the city can be stated as follows:
To reintegrate the natural and cultural heritage of Delhi within the overall
development planning process for Delhi, and to ensure environmental up-
gradation, enhancement of heritage significance and improvement of the
quality of life within the historic areas in a defined time frame.

This is to be achieved through supporting the development of sustainable
heritage management systems and frameworks which ensure a synergy between
the activities and responsibilities of various agencies entrusted with the
heritage; initiating comprehensive and mutually supportive processes of
conservation, restoration, adaptive reuse, environmental up-gradation,
heritage tourism and awareness generation, heritage information management
and capacity building which will result in the utilization of the latent potential
of the heritage resources of Delhi.

The following main strategies have been identified, and projects suggested
under each:

1. Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation &
Heritage Management

2. Heritage Resource Information Management System for integration of
heritage concerns within the development plans Master Plan, Zonal, Sub-
Zonal, Area Level

3. Area Level Conservation, revitalisation and Regeneration strategies which
include supportive and linked sub-strategies for adaptive reuse,

4. heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential
community facilities, commercial areas, guidelines for new development in
historic areas, strengthening of linkages with surrounding contemporary
development

5. Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue
generation, and awareness generation.

The integration of the proposals contained in MDP-2021 into these strategies is
presented in the table below. For specific project details, refer Annexure 17.1.

Table 17.7: Incorporation of MPD- 2021 proposals into Strategy for Urban Heritage

Maintain and update a heritage database

Development of an information Management
System -
Project A(i)
Capacity building and provision of technical
support for conservation
Project A.(ii)
Develop organizational capacity for heritage
management
Establishment of a Self-Sustaining Technical
Support Conservation Centre
Strategies

17-21

Projects B.(i) & B.(ii)
6 heritage zones, including the entire
Walled City of Shahjehanabad and three
Archaeological Parks.
Prepare guidelines for development,
redevelopment, additions, alterations,
repairs, renovations and reuse of heritage
buildings

HERITAGE ZONES
Nizamuddin and Humayun's Tomb Complex.
Mehrauli area
Chirag Delhi.
Lutyens Bungalow Zone
Shahjahanabad
i. Specific heritage complex within Walled
City of Delhi,
The Zonal Development Plan prepared by
the DDA for the Walled City of
Shahjehanabad (Part Zones A & C),
approved 1999

Projects for area level conservation,
revitalization and regeneration, prioritisation of
identified heritage zones and precincts
Adaptive reuse of buildings or precincts
Heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation

Projects C (i), C (II), D(i)

Projects C(iii), C(iv), C(v), C(vi a.), C(vi) b.,
C(vii), C(viii), C(ix) , D (i), D(ii), E(iv).
Implementing programmes for education
and awareness
Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced
visitor experience and revenue generation,
and awareness generation activities.

Reintegrating previously overlooked heritage
components into thematic heritage tourism
circuits

Projects e(i) e(ii)
Awareness generation
Project e(iii)

17.5.7 Strategy for Environmental Management

The unsustainable patterns of prolific urban growth, production and
consumption have caused the tremendous deterioration in the natural
environment of Delhi. Though endowed with ample natural resources, Delhi has
brutally destroyed its bounty continuously. The damage is irreparable --- the
only hope being to manage and rejuvenate depleted resources. This exercise of
managing and systemizing has to be air tight and consistent without any scope
for faltering. The overall strategy of aiming for environmental sustainability has
to start with sound planning, designing, implementing, monitoring and
rectifying. Therefore a robust and effective environmental management system
has to be put in place with one coordinating authority having the overall
responsibility.

Although several studies, white papers and action plans have already been
prepared by renowned authorities in Delhi, what glares starkly at the citizens of
Delhi is the lack of implementation, enforcement and accountability of the
programmes discussed repeatedly in these studies. All proposed programmes
have to be time bound with strict monitoring and a single point responsibility
and accountability.

Development

17-22

This broad strategy has to be complemented by initiatives at resource-use
reduction, waste minimization and pollution prevention.

While the degradation of forests and green cover has reduced over the last few
years, many more efforts are required to conserve existing forests. Improved
coordination amongst the several agencies responsible for the forest area is
required. Encroachment of the forests and ridges is a serious concern and this
can be regulated only by strict policing by the concerned authorities. A GIS
database of natural resources in the city has been proposed in order to
facilitate this. An issue of concern is the a complete lack of inventorisation of
the flora and fauna of the city, and a study in order to document this has been
proposed.

Another area of concern is air pollution, which needs to be reduced in Delhi.
The major contribution to the air pollution in the city is from the traffic
pollution followed by industrial and then the domestic pollution. The reduction
in air pollution measures are multi agency and would be linked to automobiles,
power plants, domestic and commercial diesel generating sets, open burning,
industrial operations and others. Indirectly this would be the responsibility of
the automobile manufacturers, oil companies, generator manufacturers and
others to incorporate designs and specifications which would reduce air
pollution. Some of the major strategies for the reduction in the air pollution
are:

Vehicular emissions to adhere to the Euro Norms.

Fuel quality specifications (unleaded petrol, reduction of sulphur in diesel,
benzene in petrol) have to be followed

Quality control on the lubricants

Phasing out of old vehicles

Further promotion of the usage of CNG

Improvement in the quality of CNG like reduction of benzene

Better roads and wider built up area of the roads. No kuchha road margins
to reduce the dust emissions.

Integrated multi transport system to reduce traffic congestions

Better traffic control and stricter enforcement of P.U.C

Ban on open burning of leaves, tyres, wood and other things

Increase of greenery

Further augmentation of the continuous air pollution monitoring system is also
proposed under the CDP.

In terms of water pollution, the strategy focuses on reduction of surface water
pollution mainly in the river Yamuna. This has been covered in the two Yamuna
Strategies

17-23

Action Plans. An effective time bound implementation of YAP II could achieve
the required improvements. Lessons learnt from the YAP I should be included in
the YAP II and the YAP III which is in the pipeline.

YAP II has focussed on preparation of master plans and DPRs for the non point
sources of pollution, including the dhobhi ghats, crematoria, dairy farms,
slaughter houses and slum rehabilitation. Further augmentation of the plans
and schemes under YAP II have been proposed under the CDP, including studies
related to surface water bodies and recharge of ground water. Proposals for
augmentation of ground water monitoring have also been proposed.

Although there is a huge requirement for control and treatment of water, the
city needs to practice cleaner best management practices to minimize water
pollution and conserve water. For this community participation and creating
awareness amongst the citizens is imperative. Awareness of the regulations
relating to noise pollution in the city also has to be created and promoted
amongst the citizens. Projects targeting both these areas have been included.

If the overall environment of the city improves there would be decrease in the
incidence of the disease related to the pollution. Awareness drives amongst the
community, to adopt measures to keep their surroundings clean so that the
incidence of diseases can be controlled, have also been proposed.

Thus the main strategies, under which projects have been proposed, relate to:

Outreach and capacity building

Enhancement of forests and green cover

Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution

Table 17.8: Integration of Proposals contained in MDP-2021 with Strategies for
Environmental Management

i)Management of Natural Resources
and the related environment
infrastructure and services in a
manner that would lead to
optimization of use of natural
resources, reduction/abatement of
pollution
ii) Conservation and Development of
the natural features with a view to
enhancing their environmental
value
iii) Protection of the Ridge

A Outreach and Capacity Building
i) Create awareness for water conservation and the
techniques, training programmes for the RWAs, display
& promotional material & schools, hospitals, change
institutions.
B. Forest & Green Cover
ii) Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the
city. To include a complete inventorisation of all the
species of flora and fauna
(iii) Protection of Delhi ridge
iv) GIS based Database of natural resources of the city
iii) Development and preservation
of open spaces, greens and
landscape/recreational areas

i) South Delhi Greenway Project

Development

17-24

Air
i) issue of air pollution
C. Mitigtion of Air, Water and Noise Pollution
i) Installation of 9 web linked continuous air quality
monitoring stations
River Yamuna
Cleaning/ rejuvenation of River
Yamuna
i) Action projects of the Master Plan for Dhobighats
Sudhar Yojna under the YAP II.
ii) Upgradation of the crematoria in the city to make
them environmentally better (air pollution treatment
equipment). Master plans under the YAP II to be
implemented
iii) River Front Development including walkways,
recreation facilities, kiosks, water sports etc
Ground water
i) quality
2) recharge through rain water
harvesting
i) Installation of 2 water quality stations for monitoring
and gauging.
ii) rain water harvesting already a part of the building
regulatory framework so not considered in CDP

17.6 STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION TO THE URBAN
POOR

An estimation of housing gaps for the urban poor, as per the Draft MPD-2021, is
presented in the tables below:

Table 17.9: Estimation of Housing Gaps MPD 2021
S.
No.
Estimation Number
(in Lakh
DUs)
1. Additional Housing Stock Required
(a): Housing for additional population 20.0
(b): Backlog* 4.0
Total 24.0
2. To be developed in NCR (20%) 4.8
3. New Housing
(a): through redevelopment and upgradation
of
existing areas of Delhi (40%)
9.6
(b): through new housing areas (40%) 9.6
Total 19.2
4. Requirement of New Housing for the Urban
Poor
(estimated at 50 %), 2001-2021
9.6
5. Annual Requirement of DUs for Urban Poor** .48
* Break-up: 1 lakh DUs net shortage; 3 lakh DUs dilapidated and kutcha structures
requiring replacement
** Through slum and JJ housing, up-gradation of old traditional areas; employers and
industrial housing; group housing; infills in unauthorized regularized colonies

Table 17.10: Indicative Description & Requirement of Housing Types for
the Urban Poor
S.
No
Housing Type % of
total as
Proposed
Development
Annual
Requirement
Strategies

17-25

proposed
in MPD-
2021
Agency (in DUs)
1. Slum and JJ 25 Public Agency,
Private Agency,
Co-op Society
24,000
4. Employer Housing 4 Central / State Govt. 3,840
5. Unauthorised
Regularised Infill
15 Co-op Society
Residents Assoc.
Private Agency
14,400
6. Other Housing
Areas, Upgradation
of Old Areas,
Traditional Areas,
Villages
6 Public Agency,
Private Agency,
Co-op Society
5,760
TOTAL 48,000

Notwithstanding the above, a review of the implementation levels of various
Master Plans clearly reveals that the poor in the city have been consistently
under-provided for in terms of shelter. Even targets that have been set by the
development agency itself ---- on the basis of projections that have been far
exceeded in reality --- have not been met even to the extent of 50 %.

Several studies have established that the poor are an integral component of the
city economy, providing goods and services that enable city functions to be
carried out efficiently at costs that are lower than would otherwise be
incurred. Studies reveal that up to 60 % of recent migrants are absorbed into
the service sector of the citys economy, including trade, hotels and
restaurants; transport and storage, and personal services. That they have to co-
exist in the city, with a dignified standard of living, and have to be provided for
accordingly, was a fact recognized by all segments of stakeholders consulted in
the process of preparing this CDP.

Strategies for the urban poor proposed in the CDP are based on key
observations and assumptions. Foremost among these is that the legal and
formal integration of poorer segments of the population into city development
will substantially enhance the economy and functioning of the city by virtue of
stabilizing the provision of key services currently being provided by the poor
required in the formal sectors of the economy. The provision of legal housing
options plays a critical role in this respect. Furthermore, provision of legal
housing options must be undertaken in a manner that treats the poor as a
segment of the housing market with different needs and abilities, rather than
as a special group, located outside the housing market, as the poor are
currently viewed. Shelter options offered to this segment must thus be tailored
to the needs and abilities (to pay) of the poor, with minimum required levels of
subsidy (the cost of land will, in all probability, require to be subsidized to a
fair extent).

Strategies are also derived from the established fact that the poor are not a
homogenous group, and vary widely in their requirements of shelter. This takes
into account factors such as extent of consolidation in the city, location
sensitivity, physical requirement, ability to pay as well as tenure security.
Shelter options may vary from a single bed and locker in a dormitory for the
Development

17-26

male migrant, to an independent unit. The ability to exercise choice, with a
variety of options, is thus, important, in the success of any programme to
provide shelter for all categories of the poor. Pricing, location, and tenure
conditions are critical considerations:

Price is an important factor to balance supply and demand
4
, determine
extent of provision (in physical terms) and determine location.

It is also noted that perceived security of tenure is accorded higher
importance than ownership per se.

As a result, the approach to slums and JJ clusters, whether through in-situ
redevelopment or relocation, without security of tenure and financial
assistance has not resulted in improving the living conditions of poor in a
sustained manner. Equally, the granting of outright ownership at a price below
market value
5
(with or without conditions) has also proven to be quite
unsuccessful in most cases.

The overall framework, on the basis of which strategies and projects have been
elaborated, thus include

To provide a range of shelter options to the urban poor --- from beds,
single rooms and dwelling units at various locations in the city.

To provide long term security of tenure, whether through ownership, or a
long-term leasehold system (without a sub-clause). To link this to location
(refer below)

To maximize in-situ redevelopment of slum and JJ clusters currently
existing in the city. Redevelopment would consist of G+1 and G+2 structures
(flatted), with common, as well as individual infrastructure services. To
offer the redeveloped units whether rooms, or flatted units on a leasehold
basis. The terms of the lease agreement would require to be established on
the basis of the upgrading programme. An option to buy the lease after 10
or 15 years could also be included, as has been so done in the Philippines
National Slum Improvement Programme.

- Tenure will be common in the name of the cooperative, association of
allottees or a managing trust. Forms of group tenure, collective tenure,
cooperative tenure etc need to be looked into

- Tenure will be allotted in the joint name of the head of household and
spouse

- Low cost housing within affordable range may be offered for
accommodating some of the willing slum dwellers to reduce densities on
slum site.

- Transit tenements to accommodate slum dwellers while in-situ up
gradation work is taken up.

4
The laws of demand and supply put a constraint on demand at a given price. However, at a very low price, the
demand will be infinite, and no amount of supply can match the demand. Price thus balances supply and demand of a
specific housing option.
5
Representing a subsidy that the poor cannot sustain
Strategies

17-27

To offer sites, on an outright purchase basis, at peripheral locations in the
city, ensuring that these sites have adequate infrastructure and good
connectivity to work areas in the city. Development of infrastructure may
be incremental, in order to keep costs of development down.

Under relocation the recovery may be subsidized, to limited extent, as
compensatory measure for the price of displacement and subsequent
rehabilitation. In case of in-situ development no such provision of subsidy
should be provided to slum dwellers, who will be required to meet the cost
of land as borne by the development agency, at the time of acquisition.

The above two strategies (flats on lease hold basis in the city; and plots on
ownership basis in the peripheral areas) are to be complemented by an on-
going provision of dwelling units for the poor, in order to meet projected
demand. The cost and location of these should be sensitive to the
requirements of the target group. Simultaneously, housing supply to other
segments of the population should be stepped up in order to meet demand,
to ensure that units meant for the poor remain within the segment.

To enable private sector (including commercial entities, NGOs and trusts)
participation in development of the options outlined above. With respect to
in-situ rehabilitation, the private sector may be involved by offering part of
the land for commercial development (on suitable sites). Alternatively,
enhanced development rights may be offered to private parties at other
sites, as incentive to undertake development for the in-situ redevelopment
of sites occupied by slum dwellers (as has been done successfully in
Mumbai). NGOs and trusts must be used as intermediaries to reach finance
to the poor in the case of in-situ rehabilitation; and housing micro finance
options must be developed in order to do the same for plotted
developments on the city periphery. These issues are elaborated upon
subsequently.

The emerging strategies are thus

In-situ rehabilitation at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered
on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a
cooperative, trust, NGO etc.

Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying
locations, for outright purchase. Connectivity to work centers to be assured.

Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying locations
single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed
by trusts, or NGOs with government support

Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies

Reconstruction of government owned Katras in the walled city.

Annexure : 17.1

A-17.1

ANNEXURE : 17.1

INCORPORATION OF MASTER PLAN DELHI-2021
PROPOSALS INTO CDP

MASTER PLAN REFERENCE INCORPORATION INTO / REFLECTED IN CDP
Maintain and update a
database
MPD 2021, in its section 10 on
Conservation of Built Heritage
mentions 170 (sic) ASI protected
monuments, as well as lists of
heritage buildings published by
the MCD, NDMC and the State
Close coordination and
cooperation is required from
agencies such as the ASI, GNCTD
State Department of
Archaeology, NDMC, MCD,
Cantonment Board and DDA
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
A(i) Development and maintenance of a GIS based
Cultural Heritage Information System integrated
with overall land information management system.
CAPACITY BUILDING AND PROVISION OF
TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR CONSERVATION
A.(ii) Capacity Building of employees of the
departments involved in heritage conservation
(iii) Provision for recording excavated remains and
removal of artifacts to museums
ESTABLISHMENT OF A SELF-SUSTAINING
TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION CENTRE
Develop organizational
capacity for heritage
management
B.(i) Capacity building and provision of technical
assistance by trained, qualified heritage
professionals to owners of heritage buildings as
well as buildings located within designated
heritage zones- Mehrauli and Shahjehanabad
B.(ii) Ensuring Technical Support for conservation
required for at area level
MPD-2021 also identifies 6
Heritage Zones, including the
entire Walled City of
Shahjehanabad and three
Archaeological Parks. It states
that each local body / land
owning agency should formulate
Special Development Plans for
the conservation and
improvement of listed heritage
complexes and zones.
Prepare guidelines for
development, redevelopment,
additions, alterations, repairs,
renovations and reuse of
heritage buildings
AREA LEVEL CONSERVATION, REVITALIZATION
AND REGENERATION
PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES
AND PRECINCTS
ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS OR PRECINCTS
HERITAGE SENSITIVE INFRASTRUCTURE UP-
GRADATION
Annexure : 17.1

A-17.2

Heritage Zones
Nizamuddin and Humayun's
Tomb Complex.
Mehrauli area
Chirag Delhi.
Lutyens Bungalow Zone

C(i) Development and implementation of a
comprehensive regeneration and heritage
management plan- Central Bazaar spine of
Mehrauli; Adham Khans Tomb to Sohan Burj
(Development of heritage area)
C(ii) Community based Heritage Management Plans
for the Dargahs/ traditional Pilgrim destinations of
Delhi (Development of heritage area)
D (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict havelis, heritage
buildings, evacuee properties of heritage
significance in shikargahs in rural villages for
provision of essential community facilities
i. Specific heritage complex
within Walled City of Delhi,

The Zonal Development Plan
prepared by the DDA for the
Walled City, Shahjehanabad
(Part Zones A & C), approved
1999, identifies 6 control
zones as Conservation Areas,
urban design interest areas,
protected monuments and other
buildings for conservation, and
also suggests the preparation of
area by area urban renewal
plans.

C(iii) Upgradation of open space structure along
with urban landscape of the walled city
(Regeneration of old inner city area)
C(iv) Area regeneration scheme for chowks and
interface between historic components of the city
with the Metro Stations (Regeneration of old inner
city area).
C(v) Heritage Management Plan and guidelines for
development of the area around the Old Delhi
Railway Station
C(vi a. Guidelines for integrated conservation
management of the area between Red Fort, Jama
Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj
C(vi) b. Revitalization of surroundings of Jama
Masjid)
C(vii)Restoration of Town hall and preparation of
comprehensive heritage plan
C(viii) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional
housing stock within designated heritage zones and
precincts (Regeneration of old inner city area)
C(ix) Revitalization of inner (Old) city area -
Shahjehanabad
D (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict havelis, heritage
buildings, evacuee properties of heritage
significance in Shahjehanabad and
D(ii) Retrofitting of services and rationalisation of
space utilisation in heritage buildings currently
used for community purposes
E(iv) Adaptive reuse of heritage hotel at Kashmiri
Gate
STRATEGIES FOR HERITAGE TOURISM, ENHANCED
VISITOR EXPERIENCE AND REVENUE GENERATION,
AND AWARENESS GENERATION ACTIVITIES.

Implementing programmes for
education and awareness
REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED
HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC
HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS
Annexure : 17.1

A-17.3

E(i) Development of thematic heritage tourism
circuits as an integrated network with signage
systems, heritage site linked interpretation
centres/ site museums, tourist facilities, low
speed circuit transport for tourists battery buses,
bicycle tracks
E(ii) Revival and Revitalisation of historic water
Systems and buildings including Baolis,
Embankments, Sluicegates, Talaos, Catchment
areas, Hauz, Sarais and Kos Minars of Delhi
AWARENESS GENERATION

E(iii) Awareness generation materials and
educational tools to enable children to form
cognitive maps of Historic Delhi linked with
curriculum of Delhi schools

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 18 : Investment Framework

18-1

CHAPTER - 18
INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK

18.1 INTRODUCTION

The investment options projects to achieve the long term vision and strategies
are done based on the assessment of short, medium and long term strategies.
The chapter has been divided in to two parts. Part A describes the sector wise
projects and investments for Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and
Governance and Part-B describes the investments for Sub-Mission-2: Urban Poor
and Housing.

18.2 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT OPTIONS

Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance

The sectors covered in Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance
are (i) Water Supply; (ii) Sewerage and Sanitation; (iii) Storm Water Drainage;
(iv) Road Network and Transport Projects; (v) Solid Waste Management
Projects; (vi) Redevelopment of Core City Area; (vii) Heritage Conservation and
(viii) Urban Governance. The investments to meet the normative requirement
are presented below.

18.2.1 Water Supply

The water supply system in city has 50 per cent transmission and distribution
losses and skewed inter & intra zone water distribution pattern. The strategies
to overcome issues earlier are (i) Reduce Transmission and Distribution Loss (ii)
Augmentation of Water Supply; and (iii) Efficiency in Service Delivery and cost
recovery mechanism (Table 18.1).

Table 18.1: Investment Options-Water Supply (2021)

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
Total Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
A) REDUCE TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT
(i) Revamping and
upgradation of internal
water distribution
network and pumping
stations
75 - - 75
(ii) Coverage of new
colonies in outer areas of
city
25 30 50 105
(iii) Interlinking of WJC
with Wazirabad pond
Laying of 2000 mm dia
pipeline for supply of raw
from WJC to Wazirabad
pond
187 - - 187
(iv) Supply and 30 10 2 42

18-2

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
Installation of Bulk and
Consumer Meters
(v) Modernization and up
gradation of laboratory
20 - - 20
(vi) Leak Detection Study 1 - - 1
(vii) Energy Efficiency
Study
2 - - 2
B) AUGMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY FROM 790 MGD TO 919 MGD
(i) Construction of New
Water Treatment Plants
(a) 31 MGD Iron removal
Plan
(b) 20 MGD WTP at Okhla
(c) 40 MGD WTP at
Dwarka
696 - - 696
(ii) Construction of 21
Nos. High Yield Tube wells
in flood plain area of river
Yamuna
1 - - 1
(iii) Upgradation of Water
Works- Chandrawal
35 35
(iv) Construction of
UGRs/BPS in Various Part
of Delhi
250 - - 250
(v) Construction of 8 MGD
recycling plants
Chandrawal
20 20
(vi) To Connect UGR with
Plants transmission lines
of varying size-250kms
200 - - 200
(vii) Construction of 1
MGD WTP at common
wealth games village
along with arrangement of
raw water (To be
achieved by 2009)
20 - - 20
(vii) Explore Raw Water
Resources, the surcharge
of aquifers
50 - - 50
C) EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND COST RECOVERY MECHANISM
(i) Revamping DJB
Customer Care Services
Installation of system
software for billing and
customer information
20 - - 20
GRAND TOTAL IN Rs
CRORE
1632 130 122 1884

18.2.2 Sewerage System

Around 60 per cent population in outer areas, urban villages, unauthorized
areas are not covered by the sewerage network. The sewage from these areas
and inner city areas find it is way into the storm water drainage. The strategies

18-3

to improve the sewage disposal system in the city are (i) Extension and Up
gradation of sewerage network; (ii) Provision of Sewer Network in unsewered
area; (iii) Augmentation of Sewage Treatment Capacity. Table 18.2 presents
the investment options for sewerage system.

Table 18.2: Investment Options-Sewerage System (2021)

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
A) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK FOR INTERCEPTING
SEWAGE TO CONVEY TO STPS-POLLUTION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT OF
POLLUTION
(i) Revamping and up
gradation of internal
sewerage network
including replacement
of Old Sewer line
125 - - 125
(ii) Refurbishment of
Sewage Pumping
Stations- 6Nos
20 - - 20
(iii) Rehabilitation of
Trunk Sewers in walled
city area, north and
west districts excluding
trunk sewer under YAP-
II
450 - - 450
B) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UNSEWERED AREA
(I) Provision of Sewer
in left out portion of
colonies and rural
villages
120 - - 120
(ii) Laying of 250km of
trunk sewer network to
cater to uncovered
area (regular colonies)
75 - - 75
(iii) Provision of
Sewerage Network in
30 urban villages
45 - - 45
(iv) Provision of
Sewerage Network in
400 935 935 2270
(v) Diverting the sewer
from uncovered area
by constructing Sewage
Pumping Stations (SPS)
Punjabi Bagh, Nangloi
extn, Preet vihar,
Yamuna vihar and
Jivan vihar
100 - - 100
(vi) Laying of trunk
sewers
70 70
C) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPCITY
STPs (Refer iii)
700 - - 700
(ii) Construction of 150 - - 150

18-4

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
Sewage Pumping
Stations (Refer iii)
(iii) Laying of Trunk
Sewers (Interceptor
along drain)
500 500 500 1500
TOTAL 2755 1435 1435 5625

18.2.3 Road Network and Transportation System

The strategies for improvement of road network and transportation system of
the city are (i) safe and efficient public transport system; (ii) encourage use of
intermediate public transport and non-motorised passenger transport; (iii)
equitable use of space on roads, and priority to pedestrians; (iv) efficient use of
existing infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities (v)
redevelopment of Connaught Place and the Walled City Areas as special areas
(vi) development of passenger and goods terminals based on directional needs
(vii) enhancement of road infrastructure(viii) undertake awareness and
enforcement drive. Table 18.3 presents the investment options for sewerage
system.

Table 18.3: Investment Options-Transport System and Road Network (2021)

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
A. CAPACITY BUILDING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM
i) Developing Light Rail Transport
System 74 km
2800 2320 800 5920
ii) Developing Monorail System 48
km
2400 1440 - 3840
iii) High Capacity Bus System 294
km.
1305 420 2685 4410
B. DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER AND GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL NEEDS
i) Development of Interstate Bus
Terminus at Bhartal, Dwarka,
Holambi Kalan and Tikri Kalan
50 25 - 75
ii) Integrated Freight Complex at
Madanpur Khadar, Gazipur and
Narela
50 100 100 250

C. DEVELOP NEW LINK ROADS AND BRIDGES AS ALTERNATIVE ROUTES
i) East-West Corridor from Rajghat
to Panjabi Bagh-12km
120 300 300 720
ii) North-South Corridor from
Majnu ka tila to Daula Kaun-15km
125 350 425 900
iii) Prem Bari Pul (Pritampura) to
Outer Ring Road along Disused
Western Yammuna Canal
30 20 - 50
iv) Sarita Vihar Intersection on
Mathura Road to Okhla industrial
Areas
30 - - 30
v) Development of elevated ring
road
300 2000 2300 4600
vi) Elevated section over Outer
Ring road- NH 1 ( Mukerba Chowk)
200 250 - 450

18-5

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
to wazirabad 7.5 Km.
vii) Outer Ring Road Link from
Okhla to Wazirabad 13 km.
200 400 400 1000
viii) Missing Link of Outer Ring
Road from NH 8 to Janakpuri
through Cantonement Area
13Km.
200 400 400 1000
ix) Wazirabad Signature Bridge
over river Yamuna
464 - - 464
x) Geeta Colony Bridge over river
Yamuna
125 - - 125
xi) Master plan road over disused
Canal between Shastri Park and
Karkari More
120 - - 120
xii) Ring road bypass from Salim
Garh Fort to Velodrome road
100 200 200 500
xiii) Link road from NH 24 to Lodhi
road (Tunnel Bypass)
60 250 250 560
E. FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ROW OF ROAD
i) Traffic Management and Area
Traffic Control schemes at all
Grade Separators and prominent
commercial areas
50 - - 50
ii) Improvement of road corridors
spread over Delhi 251.40 km.
500 1014 1000 2514
iii ) Corridor improvement plan for
Mehrauli Gurgaon Road
(connecting Andheri Morh to Delhi-
Haryana Border)
174 - - 174
iv) Beautification of roads for
Commonwealth Games
750 - - 750
v) Flyover at Mukerba Chowk 195 - - 195
vi) Grade Seperator at Azadpur 154 - - 154
vii) Three Flyovers between IIT &
NH 8 on Outer Ring Road
247 - - 247
viii) Flyover at Naraina 125 - - 125
ix) Bridge over Neela Hauz ( Aruna
Asaf Ali Marg
47 - - 47
x) Flyover at Mangolpuri Chowk on
Outer Ring Road
31 - - 31
xi) Behera Enclave underpass on
Outer Ring Road
55 - - 55
xii) Flyover at Nagloi on NH 10 78 - - 78
xiii) ITO Chungi 4 no.s
cloverleaves and underpass
74 - - 74
xiv) RUB connecting road no. 58
and 64
32 - - 32
xv) Grade Separator at Shastri
Park
65 - - 65
xvi) Flyover at Apsara border on
G.T.Road
88.5 - - 88.5
xvii) Grade Separator at
intersection of Raja Ram Kohli
Marg & Pusta Road
97 - - 97
xviii) Grade separator at Shastri
Park Pushta Road Intersection
83 - - 83
xix) Flyover on Road no 56 ( ISBT
Anand Vihar ) & NH 24 ( Gazipur
drain )
150 300 - 450
xx) ROB on Road No. 63 level
crossing
34 - - 34

18-6

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
xxi) UP link road clover leaf 200 - - 200
xxii) ROB at G.T.Road near Shyam
Lal College
85 - - 85
xxiii) BSZ DDU I.P.Marg Flyover 100 100 - 200
Xxiv) Grade separator along Rani
Jhansi Road between Baraf Khana
Chowk and Bara Hindu Rao Chowk
178 - - 178
xxv) ROB at Samaipur Badli Level
Crossing on Auchandi Road
40 - - 40
xxvi) Construction of
flyovers/underbridges at various
level crossing sites.
250 250 500
F. MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREA
i) Construction of Multi-Level
Parking in Delhi
100 250 250 600
ii) Parking management &
Regulation at 10 prominent
locations
15 - - 15
iii) Construction of underground
parking in residential areas
50 - - 50
G. PROVIDE EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS
i) Strenthening and improvement
of footpaths along major arterial
roads
100 50 - 150
ii)Construction of foot over
bridges/ subways at ten
critical locations
10 - - 10
iii) Modernisation of Street
lighting
125 - - 125
H. PREPARE SPECIAL INTEGRATED SCHEMES FOR MOVEMENT IN CP AND OLD CITY AREA
i) Improvement Major
intersections like Ajmeri Gate,
Fountain Chowk, Kaudia Pal, Khari
Baoli etc. at 15 locations
3 - - 3
ii) Pedestrianisation of inner circle
in Connaught Place including
parking below inner circle
20 - - 20
iii) Pedestrianisation (partial)
Chowk Area with heritage
considerations
10 - - 10
iv) Provisions of subways at nine
locations in outer circle of
Connaught Place
18 - - 18
v) Developing Underground Parking
at Connaught Place, Super Bazar,
Mayur bhawan, Shivaji Terminal as
part of redevelopment of
Connaught Place
50 100 - 150
vi) Corridor improvement of S.P
Mukherjee Marg
75 - - 75
vii) Traffic management plan for
areas around proposed Civic
Center near Minto Road
188 - - 188
I. ENCOURAGE USE OF INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND NON-MOTORISED PASSENGER
TRANSPORT (Including cycles and cycle rickshaws)
i) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-
Arterial & Local Level roads and
streets new areas and urban
15 50 50 115

18-7

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
extensions
Ii Road improvements for use of
cycle rickshaw in Karol
Bagh/Lajpat Nagar and Trans
Yammuna Area
30 20 - 50
iii) Devlopment of Cycle Tracks in
along major transport corridor
near industrial nodes at seven
routes
100 - - 100
J. CREATE AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE
i) Public awareness and
enforcement drive

3 - - 3
ii) User Information System for
transport systems
10 20 30 60
iii) Registration and Training of
Transport Operators/drivers
3 - - 3
TOTAL 13486.5 10629 9190 33305.5

18.2.4 Storm Water Drainage

The storm water drainage system in city is supported by 350km of natural
drains and 1700km of manmade drains. On the basis of topographical
characteristics and existing drainage network of city has been divided into five
drainage basins namely Najafgarh, Alipur, Shahdara, Khushak nallah and
Mehrauli. Three pronged strategy to improve the drainage system of city: (i)
Comprehensive study ofdrainage systems; (ii) Short Term Improvement
Measures (iii) Revival, waste water treatment and landscaping of the main
drains (table 18.4).The projects needs to be implemented for improvement of
city drainage system are presented in Table 18.5.
Table 18.4 : Cost of Drainage Revival and Management(Based on Estimated
BOD Load)
S. No.

Drain

Approximate Cost of
Wastewater Treatment
(Rs Crores)
Term
(short / medium /
long term)
1. Najafgarh Drain 30.00 S
2. Magazine Road Drain 0.50 M
3. Sweepers Colony Drain 0.30 M
4. Khyber Pass Drain 0.10 M
5. Metcalf House Drain 0.20 M
6. ISBT Drain 1.50 M
7. Tonga Stand Drain 0.45 M
8. Moat Drain 0.05 M
9. Civil Mill Drain 3.00 M
10. Delhi Gate Drain 2.50 M
11. Sen Nursing Home Drain 6.00 M
12. Drain No. 12A 0.21 M
13. Drain No. 14 4.50 M

18-8

14. Barapulla Drain 3.50 S
15. Maharani Bagh Drain 5.00 M
16. Kalkaji Drain 0.18 M
17. Tehkhand Drain 0.42 M
18. Tughlaqabad Drain 0.22 M
19. Shahdara Drain 12.00 M
20. Sarita Vihar Drain 8.00 M
21. Drain at LPG Bottling Plant 0.80 M
22. Drain near Sarita Vihar Bridge 4.00 M
Total 83.43

Cross section modification cost = ~ 0.12 Crores / Km (in addition to treatment
cost)For 400 km total length of these drains, the cost for cross section
modification, as per above rate Rs. 48 crore, Grand total Rs. 131.43 crore,
(say Rs. 132 crore)

Table 18.5: Investment Options-Storm Water Drainage System (2021)

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
A. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM
i) Comprehensive study
and GIS based drainage
mapping and planning
for all drainage
systems within the NCT
of Delhi
10 - - 10
B. SHORT IMPROVEMENT MEASURES
i) Remodeling of drains
having outfall into
Yamuna
42 40 40 122
ii) Provision of outfall
treatment plants at
outfall drains-15 Nos.
15 - - 15
iii) Repair and Desilting
of Drainage Network-
2100km
20 12 20 52
iv) Provision of Pump
houses in low lying
areas with power
backup
5 5 5 15
v) Augmentation of
storm water drainage
40 48 40 128
C. REVIVAL AND MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR DRAINAGE NETWORK
i) Revival and
landscaping of major
drains (on the line of
South Delhi Greenways
project)
54 78 - 132
ii) Design of Check
dams and depressions
for Ground Water
Recharge
20 10 10 40
iii) Pilot project on Sub 25 10 10 45

18-9

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
wells to be developed
under flyover for
trapping rainwater
TOTAL 231 203 125 559

18.2.5 Solid Waste Management

The strategy for reducing land requirement, improvement in service delivery
and environment would be: (i) maximize waste processing with appropriate and
proven technologies; (ii) The existing composting facilities may be re-
engineered, revitalized and capacity augmented with technical inputs and
marketing support to process 1075 tons per day; (iii) Closure, capping and
landscaping of existing dump-sites along with a plan for disposal of waste
during the intermittent period before new sanitary landfills are commissioned
and actually operated and (iv) New facilities of waste processing including
composting of 1500 TPD and other processing technologies to the maximum
possible extent should be installed (for example, dry combustible waste can be
processed as refuse derived fuel). The strategy wise projects to provide for
better waste management are presented in Table 18.6.

Table 18.6: Investment Options-Solid Waste Management System (2021)

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
A. RENEWAL OF EXISITING COMPOST PLANTS IN DELHI
(i) Revival &
Reengineering of
Compost Plants at
Okhla with New Plant;
Machinery and
Equipment
(MCD+NDMC)
14 - 20 34
(ii) Bhalsawa & Tikri
Khurd Compost Plant-
Additional 3 hectare
land required and
complete renewal of
the compost pad area
and augmentation of
Plant and Machinery
(MCD+APMC)
9 - 20 29
B. CLOUSURE, CAPPING AND LANDSCAPING OF EXISTING LANDFILLS
(i) Re-grading, Closure,
Capping, LFG
extraction and
Collection, Peripheral
drain, internal roads,
landscaping etc-Okhla,
109 - - 109

18-10

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
Ghazipur and Bhalsawa
C. PROPOSED WASTE PROCESSING FACILITIES
(i) 2000 TPD C&D
Waste processing plant
at Ghumman Hera and
Burari
25 10 30 65
(ii) Compost Plant of
1500 TPD at Ghumman
Hera, Narela-Bawana
43 10 50 103
(iii) Waste to Energy
plant at Okhla and
Timarpur
100 20 100 220
D. PROPOSED SANITARY LANDFILL SITES
(i) Development of
Landfill sites at
Jaitpur, Narela-Bawana
and Bhatti Mines-138
Hectare
272 208 200 680
E. OTHER PROJECTS
(i) Mechanical Street
Sweeper-10 Nos
7 3 7- 17
(ii) IEC awareness
programme
5 5 5 15
(iii) Training of Staff
and Workers (52000) as
part of Training of
Trainers programme
5 5 5 15
(iv) Pilot Projects for
Ragpickers for making
them function in
organized manner in
Old City area; North
Campus, East Delhi;
West Delhi and South
Delhi-17 Nos
3 3 3 9
(v) Study for
Quantification and
Development of
management model for
E-waste in City
1 - - 1
vi) Pilot project for
processing and disposal
of e-waste
0 25 0 25
TOTAL 593 289 440 1322

18.2.6 Heritage and Conservation

The strategies for conservation of urban heritage involve (i) development of an
information management system; (ii) capacity building and provision of
technical support for conservation; (iii) area level conservation, revitalization
and regeneration and (iv) heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation and (v)

18-11

heritage tourism. The projects needs to be implemented for improvement of
city drainage system are presented in Table 18.7.

Table 18.7: Investment Options-Heritage and Conservation (2021)

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
Rs in Crore
A) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(i) Development and
maintenance of a GIS
based Cultural
Heritage Information
System integrated with
overall land
information
management system.
20 2 2 24
(ii) Capacity Building of
employees of the
departments involved
in heritage
conservation
1 2 2 5
(iii) Provision for
recording excavated
remains and removal of
artifacts to museums
2 2 2 6
B) ESTABLISHMENT OF A SELF-SUSTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION
CENTRE
(i) Capacity building
and provision of
technical assistance by
trained, qualified
heritage professionals
to owners of heritage
buildings as well as
buildings located
within designated
heritage zones-
Mehrauli and
Shahjehanabad
10 2 2 14
(ii) Ensuring Technical
Support for
conservation required
for at area level
1 - - 1
C) PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS
(i) Development and
implementation of a
comprehensive
regeneration and
heritage management
plan- Central Bazaar
spine of Mehrauli;
Adham Khans Tomb to
Sohan Burj
(Development of
heritage area)
17 30 8 55
(ii) Community based
Heritage Management
37 53 15 105

18-12

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
Rs in Crore
Plans for the Dargahs/
traditional Pilgrim
destinations of Delhi
(Development of
heritage area)
(iii) Upgradation of
open space structure
along with urban
landscape of the
walled city
(Regeneration of old
inner city area)
25 15 5 45
(iv) Area regeneration
scheme for chowks and
interface between
historic components of
the city with the Metro
Stations (Regeneration
of old inner city area).
20 10 - 30
(v) Heritage
Management Plan and
guidelines for
development of the
area around the Old
Delhi Railway Station
2 - - 2
(vi a. Guidelines for
integrated
conservation
management of the
area between Red
Fort, Jama Masjid,
Chandni Chowk and
Darya Ganj (
2 - - 2
(vi) b. Revitalization of
surroundings of Jama
Masjid)
234 - - 234
(vii)Restoration of
Town hall and
preparation of
comprehensive
heritage plan
6 - - 6
(viii) Rehabilitation of
historic and traditional
housing stock within
designated heritage
zones and precincts
inner city area)
45 25 25 95
(ix) Revitalization of
inner (Old) city area
40 300 100 440
D) ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS OR PRECINCTS
(i) Adaptive reuse of
derelict havelis,
heritage buildings,
evacuee properties of
35 15 5 55

18-13

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
Rs in Crore
heritage significance in
Shahjehanabad and
shikargahs in rural
villages for provision of
essential community
facilities
(ii) Retrofitting of
services and
rationalisation of space
utilisation in heritage
buildings currently
used for community
purposes
8 8 5 21
D) REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO
THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS
(i) Development of
thematic heritage
tourism circuits as an
integrated network
with signage systems,
heritage site linked
interpretation centres/
site museums, tourist
facilities, low speed
circuit transport for
tourists battery
buses, bicycle tracks
60 10 10 80
(ii) Revival and
Revitalisation of
historic water Systems
and buildings including
Baolis, Embankments,
Sluicegates, Talaos,
Catchment areas,
Hauz, Sarais and Kos
Minars of Delhi
12 7 7 26
(iii) Awareness
generation materials
and educational tools
to enable children to
form cognitive maps of
Historic Delhi linked
with curriculum of
Delhi schools
3 1 1 5
(iv) Adaptive reuse of
heritage hotel at
Kashmiri Gate
2 - - 2
TOTAL 582 482 199 1263

18.2.7 Urban Environment

Broad strategies include (i) outreach and capacity building, (ii) enhancement of
forests and green cover and (iii) mitigation of air, water, and noise pollution.

18-14

The best management practices for environment management in city are
presented in Table 18.8.

Table 18.8: Investment Options- Urban Environment (2021)
Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
A Outreach and Capacity Building
i) Create awareness for
water conservation and
the techniques,
training programmes
for the RWAs, display &
promotional material &
schools, hospitals,
change institutions.
16 17.6 19.2 52.8
i) South Delhi
Greenway Project
227 40 10 277
ii) Detailed study of
the biodiversity and
ecology of the city. To
include a complete
inventorisation of all
the species of flora and
fauna
0.7 1 1.5 3.2
(iii) Protection of Delhi
ridge including
restoration of ecology
and for demarcation of
bunds.
5 1 1 7
iv) GIS based Database
of natural resources of
the city including
forest and vegetation
cover, land use
pattern, water bodies
and others
2 0.8 1 3.8
C. Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution
i) Installation of 9 web
linked continuous air
quality monitoring
stations
15 2 10 27
ii) Action projects of
the Master Plan for
Dhobighats Sudhar
Yojna under the YAP II.
Creating alternate
better infrastructure
for the dhobis,
treatment facility for
the waste water and
drainage in to the river
50 10 - 60
iii) Action projects for
the collection,
transport and
treatment of the dairy
waste under the YAP II.
50 15 - 65

18-15

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
RS IN CRORE
This would include
installation of
treatment plants,
methane generation
plants and drainage
system for the dairy
waste
iv) Upgradation of the
crematoria in the city
to make them
environmentally better
(air pollution
treatment equipment).
Master plans under the
YAP II to be
implemented
10 - - 10
v) River Front
Development including
walkways, recreation
facilities, kiosks, water
sports etc
50 40 5 95
vi) Installation of 2
water quality stations
for monitoring and
gauging.
5 - - 5
TOTAL 430.7 127.4 47.7 605.8

18.2.8 Urban Governance

Projects related to urban governance mainly involve development of
management information system and capacity building of urban local bodies
and parastatal departments. The investment options to strengthen the
monitoring mechanism are presented in Table 18.9.

Table 18.9: Investment Options-Urban Governance (2021)

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
Rs in Crore
(i) Development of
GIS/MIS based
database system for
Land and Building
Records
5 - - 5
(ii) Development of E-
governance for various
services of ULBs
1 - - 1
(iii) Capacity building
of the MCD and
Parastatal departments
3 - - 3
TOTAL 9 - - 9


18-16

18.2.9 Other Development Projects

The other development projects are decentralization of trade fair from core
city area and redevelopment of low density government housing estates. The
projects details are presented below.

Table 18.10: Investment Options-Urban Environment (2021)

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand
Rs in Crore
(i) Development of
Trade Centres in
North-East and West of
City-2 Nos
15 - - 15
(ii) Study for
Identification and
Development options in
Government Land in
Core City area-5 Nos
5 - - 5
TOTAL 20 - - 20

Sub-Mission-2: Basic Services and Poor

18.2.10 Urban Slums and Poor

The strategy for slum up gradation & improvement involves (i) In-situ
redevelopment at existing JJ clusters and Slums; (ii) Development of serviced
plots; (iii) development of night shelters; (iv) infrastructure up gradation in 44
resettlement colonies; (v) provision of housing on an on-going basis for urban
poor and (vi) in-situ reconstruction of Katras. Table below presents the short
term, medium term and long term investments for Slum Improvement and up
gradation.

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand Total
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
A) IN-SITU REDEVELOPMENT OF SLUMS
(i) In situ
redevelopment of
Slums- providing
water supply, road
network, drainage
and Housing etc.
783 950 - 1733
(ii) Upgradation of
Street Lighting
system
300 - 300
Community Toilets-
1200 Nos.
17 6 6 29
(v) Development of
Site for Transit
Camps-10 Nos

80 80

18-17

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand Total
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
B. DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICED PLOT AT RELOCATION SITES
(i) Relocation of
5000 JJ Units
30 - - 30
(ii) Development of
Relocation Sites at
Kanjhawala,
Ghogha and
Bapraula
217 - - 217
(iii) Development
of plots at Savda
Gevra-20000JJ
250 250
C. DEVELOPMENT OF NIGHT SHELTERS
(i) Development of
Night Shelters in
Walled City area
and Industrial
Complexes-5 Nos
15 - - 15
D. INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION IN RESETTLEMENT SITES & COLONIES
(i) Infrastructure
up gradation in
resettlement
colonies
85 270 270 625
(ii) Infrastructure
upgradation of 11
exisiting relocation
sites
239 - - 239
(iii) Revival Plan
for Community
Work Centres
(22383 m
2
)
30 - - 30
(iv) Civic amenities
like Community
halls
200 - - 200
D. PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR URBAN POOR
(i) Multi-Storeyed
Tenements at
Rohini-1770 DUs
50 - - 50
(ii) Multi-Storeyed
Tenements at
Dwarka-2550 DUs
73 - - 73
(iii) Construction of
13510 EWS houses
at village Siraspur
and Sector-26,
Rohini
400 - - 400
(iv) Worker Housing
with cost effective
technologies at
Narela, Bhorgarh
and Bawana
101 - - 101
(v) Housing for
Urban Poor through
development of
EWS Housing
750 1000 1200 2950

18-18

Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand Total
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
(vi) Rehabilitation
& resettlement of
slum dwellers at
Narela Phase II and
Rohini
710 - - 710
D. IN-SITU RECONSTRUCTION OF KATRAS
(i) Reconstruction
of Katras in old city
areas
70 200 270 540
TOTAL COST in Rs
Crore
4400 2426 1746 8572

18.3 SUMMARY OF COSTS

The total investment under JNNURM is Rs 24140 Crore. The investment for Sub-
Mission-1 is Rs 19740 Crore and Sub-Mission-2 is Rs 4400 Crore. The details of
sector wise investment are presented below.
Short Term
Investments
(2007-12)
Medium Term
Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term
Investments
(2017-21)
Grand Total
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
Water Supply 1632 130 122 1884
Sewerage System 2755 1435 1435 5625
Road Network and
Transport
13487 10629 9190 33306
Storm Water Drainage 231 203 125 559
Solid Waste
Management
593 289 440 1322
Urban Heritage 582 482 199 1263
Urban Environment 431 127 48 606
Urban Governance 9 0 0 9
Other Projects 20 0 0 20
Sub-Total 19740 13295 11559 44594
Housing
4400 2426 1746 8572
Total 24140 15721 13305 53166

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 19 : Project & Capital
Investment Plan
Chapter 19 Project & Capital Investment Plan

19-1

CHAPTER - 19
PROJECT AND CAPITAL
INVESTMENT PLAN

19.1 INTRODUCTION

This section identifies projects proposed in specific sectors, based upon the
strategies that have been outlined in the previous section. The project
identification and capital investment plan have been prepared for sectors as
per the sub-missions of JNNURM. The sectors covered in Sub-Mission-1: Urban
Infrastructure and Governance are (i) Water Supply; (ii) Sewerage and
Sanitation; (iii) Storm Water Drainage; (iv) Road Network and Transport
Projects; (v) Solid Waste Management Projects; (vi) Redevelopment of Core
City Area; (vii) Heritage Conservation and (viii) Urban Governance; and Sub-
Mission-2: Basic Services to Urban Poor are (i) Housing; (ii) Basic Services and
(iii) Other related civic amenities

The implementing authorities for projects in NCTD area are Municipal
Corporation Delhi (MCD); New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC); Delhi Jal
Board (DJB); Public Works Department (PWD); Delhi Development Authority
(DDA); Urban Development Department (UDD) and Delhi State Industrial
Development Corporation (DSIDC).

In order to optimize life cycle costs, private sector efficiencies can be inducted
in development, management, implementation and financing of projects,
through PPP arrangements where appropriate.

Sector wise projects will be categorized as (i) Financially viable Projects: These
projects can undertaken entirely by the private sector (ii) Projects which are
financially viable, with government support such as annuity projects and (iii)
projects which are financially unviable and require to be taken up directly by
government.


19.2 WATER SUPPLY

DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for procurement,
treatment, transportation and distribution of water in the MCD areas. It also
supplies bulk water to the NDMC, and Delhi Cantonment Board.

19.2.1 Summary of strategies

The strategies identified, in order of priority are:

i) Reduction of transmission & distribution losses, and enhancement of
management of water supply;

ii) Augmentation of water supply and distribution network

iii) Promotion of efficiency in service delivery and strengthening of cost
recovery mechanism.

19-2

(A) REDUCTION OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

Projects identified are listed below

(a) Revamping, up-gradation and Extension of Internal Network: The
revamping and upgradation of internal distribution will reduce the T&D
loss and to have equitable distribution of water in each zone.

(b) Interlinking of Supply System: Interlinking of Western Jamuna Canal
(WJC) with Wazirabad pond by laying 2000mm diameter pipeline for
supply of raw water from WJC to Wazirabad pond.

(c) Development of Monitoring System: In order to monitor water quantity
and quality, installation of Zonal level water meters, chlorination and
up-gradation of water testing labs have been proposed; as well as
various monitoring & leak detection studies.

(B) AUGMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Projects have been proposed to provide water supply to urban villages,
peripheral areas of the city, JJ clusters, unauthorized areas and new
developments; as well as to augment the quantum of water available to the
city.

(a) Water Treatment Plant: It is proposed to construct one 31MGD iron
removal plant at Palla (to improve water quality), 20MGD Water
treatment plant at Okhla, and 40MGD water treatment plant at Dwarka.
Moreover it is also proposed to construct recycling plant of 8MGD each
at Chadrawal, Wazirabad Haiderpur and Bawana. The population
serviced by these treatment plants is 3.2 million spread over an area of
55km
2
.

(b) Upgradation of Water Works: The project for up gradation of water
works at Chandrawal, Wazirabad and Bawana. The existing capacity of
these water works are 90 MGD; 120 MGD & 40 MGD respectively. The
capacities of these water works are to be increased by 20 to 30 MGD to
cover additional 0.35 millon population.

(c) Construction of Tube wells: 21 high yield tube wells are to be drilled in
flood plain area of river Yamuna. Although ground water is residing
down, the tube wells in these area has minimum impact on the ground
water due to its location in the flood plain at palla.

(d) Construction & Connection of UGR/BPS: In order to improve the
distribution system in city, the construction of UGR/BPS and connecting
them with transmission network has been proposed.

(e) Exploration of Raw Water Resources: The water resources are to be
explored to augment the water supply system to fulfill the water
demand in future.


19-3

(C) PROMOTION OF EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND STRENGTHENING OF
COST RECOVERY MECHANISM

Projects proposed include

(a) Revamping DJB Customer Care Services: Procurement and Installation of
system software for billing and customer information.

Agencies
Responsible for
Rs
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011
-12
Capital
Investme
nt
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
A) REDUCE TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LOSSES
(i) Revamping and
upgradation of internal
water distribution
network and pumping
stations
75 25 25 25 - - DJB DJB
(ii) Coverage of new
colonies in outer areas of
city
25 10 10 5 - - DJB DJB
(iii) Interlinking of WJC
with Wazirabad pond
Laying of 2000 mm dia
pipeline for supply of
raw from WJC to
Wazirabad pond
187 50 50 50 37 - DJB DJB
(iv) Supply and
Installation of Bulk
Meters
30 15 10 5 - - DJB DJB
(v) Modernization and up
gradation of Laboratory
20 10 10 - - - DJB DJB
(viii) Leak Detection
Study
1.0 0.5 0.5 - - -
(ix) Energy Efficiency
Study
2.0 1 1 - - -
DJB DJB
B) AUGUMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY FROM 790 MGD TO 919 MGD
Water Treatment Plants
(a) 31 MGD Iron removal
Plan
(b) 20 MGD WTP at Okhla
(c) 40 MGD WTP at
Dwarka
696 250 250 116 50 30 DJB DJB
(ii) Construction of 21
Nos. High Yield Tube
wells in flood plain area
of river Yamuna
1 0.5 0.5 - - - DJB DJB
(iii) Upgradation of
Water Works- chandrawal
35 20 10 5 - - DJB DJB
UGRs/BPS in Various Part
of Delhi
250 50 50 50 50 50 DJB DJB
(v) Construction of 8MGD
recycling plants
Chandrawal, Wazirabad,
20 20 - - - - DJB DJB

19-4

Agencies
Responsible for
Rs
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011
-12
Capital
Investme
nt
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
Haiderpur and Bhagirathi
(vi) To Connect UGR with
Plants transmission lines
of varying size-250kms
200 50 50 50 30 20 DJB DJB
(vii) Construction of 1
MGD WTP at common
wealth games village
along with arrangement
of raw water
20 10 10 - - - DJB DJB
(vii) Exploration of Raw
Water Resources
50 15 15 20 - - DJB DJB
C) EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND COST RECOVERY MECHANISM
(i) Revamping DJB
Customer Care Services-
Procurement and
Installation of system
software for billing and
customer information
20 8 8 4 - - DJB DJB
GRAND TOTAL IN Rs
CRORE
1632.0 535.0 500.0 330 167 100

The O&M cost due to the new investment is estimated at Rs. 446.7.00 Crore. Delhi Jal
Board (DJB) is the authority responsible for O&M of water supply system.

Total O&M
Cost @ 10%
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
A) AUGUMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY
FROM 790 MGD TO 919 MGD
343.05 0 41.55 80.1 104.2 117.2
B) REDUCE TRANSMISSION &
DISTRIBUTION LOSSES
97.25 0 11.15 21.8 30.3 34
C) EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND
COST RECOVERY MECHANISM
6.4 0 0.8 1.6 2 2
TOTAL 446.7 0 53.5 103.5 136.5 153.2


19-5

19.3 SEWERAGE SYSTEM

DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for collection,
treatment and disposal of wastewater. Projects which effectively resolve the
present drawbacks of the system have been taken up on a priority basis.

19.3.1 Summary of Strategies

Strategies identified, in order of priority are given below:

i) Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept sewage-
abatement of pollution.

ii) Provision of sewer network in un-sewered areas.

iii) Augmentation of sewage treatment capacity

(i) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK

These projects aim to revamp and upgrade the existing sewer network. These
include providing sanitation to uncovered areas of the city. The projects
covered as part of extension and up-gradation of sewerage network are:

(a) Revamping and Rehabilitation of Trunk & Internal Sewerage Network:
In order to improve the sewage collection and disposal system in already
sewered area, it has been proposed to revamp and upgrade (including
replacement) about 650km of internal sewer network; and rehabilitate
150km of trunk sewer network in walled city area, north & west districts
of city (excluding sewer under YAP-II). This latter component will
include the procurement of suction and jetting machines, CCTV etc. to
ensure adequate maintenance (if maintenance is not to be out-sourced)

(b) Refurbishment of Sewage Pumping Stations: The refurbishment of
existing sewage pumping stations (SPS) will aim at optimal functioning
of these plants.

(ii) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UN-SEWERED AREAS

Projects included are

(a) Laying of Sewer Network in Uncovered Areas: The provision of 250km
of trunk sewer network in uncovered area and laying of sewer network
in 169+39 villages & 1513 unauthorized/regularized colonies to improve
the sanitation system in these areas.

(b) Construction of new sewage pumping stations: These will allow
diversion of sewage from uncovered areas to the appropriate STP, for
optimal utilisation of the STPs. These are proposed at Punjabi Bagh,
Nangloi extn, Preet vihar, Yamuna vihar and Jivan Vihar

(iii) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPACITY

Projects proposed include


19-6

(a) Construction of STPs along intercepting sewers: Total estimated
project cost is 700 Crores

(b) Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations: These will upgrade
sanitation facilities in low lying areas. The cost of constructing the SPSs
is Rs. 150 Crore

(c) Laying of Intercepting Trunk Sewers along Three Main Drains:
Consideration of this proposal is subject to the recommendations of the
consultant due to be appointed to advice on this issue. Cost allocated is
Rs. 500 Crore in the first phase.

Agencies
Responsible for
Rs
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011
-12
Capital
Investme
nt
O&M
Strategy / Project
RS IN CRORE
A) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK FOR INTERCEPTING SEWAGE TO
CONVEY TO STPS-POLLUTION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION
(i) Revamping and up
gradation of internal
sewerage network
including replacement of
Old Sewer line
125 75 50 - - - DJB DJB
(ii) Refurbishment of
Sewage Pumping
Stations- 6Nos
20 20 - - - - DJB DJB
(iii) Rehabilitation of
Trunk Sewers in walled
city area, north and west
districts excluding trunk
sewer under YAP-II
450 100 100 150 50 50 DJB DJB
B) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UN-SEWERED AREAS
(i) Provision of Sewer in
left out portion of
colonies and rural
villages
120 20 50 30 20 - DJB DJB
(ii) Laying of 250 km of
trunk sewer network to
cater to uncovered area
(U?A regularized
colonies)
75 30 30 15 - - DJB DJB
(iii) Provision of
Sewerage Network in 30
urban villages
45 10 20 15 - - DJB DJB
(iv) Provision of
Sewerage Network in
400 75 50 50 100 125 DJB DJB
(v) Diverting the sewer
from uncovered area by
constructing Sewage
Pumping Stations (SPS)
Punjabi Bagh, Nangloi
extn, Preet vihar,
Yamuna vihar and Jivan
vihar, Raja Garden
100 25 50 25 - - DJB DJB

19-7

Agencies
Responsible for
Rs
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011
-12
Capital
Investme
nt
O&M
Strategy / Project
RS IN CRORE
(vi) Laying of trunk
sewers
70 25 25 20 - - DJB DJB
C) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPACITY
(i) Construction of new
STPs
700 75 100 150 250 125 DJB DJB
(ii) Construction of
Sewage Pumping Stations
150 50 50 50 - - DJB DJB
(iii) Laying of Trunk and
interceptor Sewers along
main drains
500 100 150 100 75 75 DJB DJB
TOTAL COST 2755 605 675 605 495 375 DJB DJB

The O&M cost due to the new investment is Rs. 615 Crore. Delhi Jal Board (DJB) will be
the authority responsible for O&M of the augmented sewerage system.

Total O&M
Cost @ 10%
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
A) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF
SEWERAGE NETWORK FOR
INTERCEPTING SEWAGE
158 0 19.5 34.5 49.5 54.5
B) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN
UN-SEWERED AREAS
184.5 0 18.5 41.0 56.5 68.5
C) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE
TREATMENT CAPACITY
272.5 0 22.5 52.5 82.5 115.0
TOTAL 615 0 60.5 128.0 188.5 238.0

19.4 ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

PWD, MCD, NDMC, DTTDC, DMRC, State Transport Authority and Delhi
Development Authority are the main agencies responsible for construction,
maintenance and improvement of road network and operation of the transport
system in city. Road projects, which can resolve the current drawbacks of the
system with minimum investment, are taken up as priority projects. The
projects prepared for improving transport situation in city are presented below:


Projects have been identified based on strategies as given below (in order of
priority)

i. Provision of safe and efficient public transport system

ii. Encouraging the use of non-motorised modes of passenger transport

19-8

iii. Equitable use of space on road and priority to pedestrians

iv. Efficient use of existing infrastructure removal of impediments including
enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking
facilities

v. Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas

vi. Development of goods and passenger terminals on the basis of directional
needs

vii. Enhancement of Road Infrastructure

viii. Awareness and enforcement drives

(i) PROVISION OF SAFE AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM

The goal is to augment the share of trips of public transport from the current
60 percent to 80 percent. This is proposed to be done through an integrated
multi-modal system of public transport. The projects proposed include

(a) Developing a light Rail Transport System: Estimated project cost is Rs.
2800 Crore

(b) Developing a Monorail System: Estimated Project Cost is Rs. 2400 Crore

(c) Putting in place a High Capacity Bus System: Estimated Project Cost is
Rs. 1305 Crore

The three systems are planned to operate in a complementary manner. The
total project cost for this objective is Rs. 6505 Crore.

(ii) ENCOURAGING USE OF NON MOTORISED MODES OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT

These are proposed to be promoted for short distance trips along sub arterial
roads, local roads and along major transport corridors near industrial nodes.
Projects include

(a) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-Arterial & Local Level roads and streets
new areas and urban extensions

(b) Promotion of cycle rickshaws in specific localities

(iii) PROVIDING EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO
PEDESTRIANS
Projects proposed are:

a) Strengthening and improvement of footpaths along major arterial roads

b) Construction of foot over bridges/ subways at ten critical locations


19-9

(iv) FULL DEVELOMENT OF RIGHT OF WAY OF ROAD REMOVAL OF
IMPEDIMENTS AND MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREAS

Present transport system of Delhi is road based and the available infrastructure
should be optimally utilized to ease the traffic on the roads in Delhi. Moreover,
proper management and regulation of parking spaces especially in the
commercial centers can help in better utilization of facilities. To overcome the
current shortfall in parking, there is also a need for developing new parking
facilities using appropriate advanced technologies in busy commercial areas as
well as residential areas.

Projects proposed under this strategy include:

(a) Traffic Management and Area Traffic Control schemes at all Grade
Separators and prominent commercial areas

(b) Improvement of road corridors spread over Delhi 251.40 km.

(c) Improvement of ten major entry points of Delhi

(d) Construction of Multi-Level Parking in Delhi at 12 sites

(e) Parking management & Regulation at 10 prominent locations

(f) Construction of underground parking in residential areas: It is proposed
to identify community areas, or open spaces that can accommodate
underground parking and develop these facilities in order to decongest
residential roads. Moreover, a framework for the levy of parking charges
on residential roads must be developed, and the same implemented.

(v) SPECIAL SCHEMES FOR REDEVELOPMENT OF CONNAUGHT PLACE AND
WALLED CITY AREAS

These include

(a) Improvement of Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate, Fountain Chowk,
Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15 locations

(b) Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught Place including parking
below inner circle

(c) Pedestrianisation (partial) of Chandni Chowk Area with heritage
considerations

(d) Developing Underground Parking at Connaught Place, Super Bazar,
Mayur bhawan, Shivaji Terminal as part of redevelopment of Connaught
Place

(vi) DEVELOPING PASSENGER & GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL
NEEDS


19-10

The main objective of these proposals is to decentralize facilities for goods
and passenger movement, in order to relieve the load on the city network.
Projects proposed are

(a) Development of Interstate Bus Terminus at Bhartal, Dwarka, Holambi
Kalan and Tikri Kalan

(b) Integrated Freight Complex at Madanpur Khadar, Gazipur and Narela

(viii) ENHANCEMENT OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

To accommodate the additional demand for road space, there may be a need to
construct elevated roads in the existing right of way along the major corridors
of movement. The requirement for this should be ascertained after the impact
of other proposals have been evaluated (using GIS based tools for traffic
modeling). Efforts, however, are required to enhance existing infrastructure in
terms of improvement of major intersections. Project proposals include:

(a) East-West Corridor from Rajghat to Panjabi Bagh-12km

(b) North-South Corridor from Majnu ka tila to Daula Kaun-15km

(c) Prem Bari Pul (Pritampura) to Outer Ring Road along Disused Western
Yamuna Canal

(d) Sarita Vihar Intersection on Mathura Road to Okhla industrial Areas

(e) Elevated ring road of 68.5km, with 50.5km along ring road and 18km are
link roads. These are 2 lane dual carriageway with 5km at grade and
45.5km elevated corridor.

(ix) CREATING AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE

The magnitude of traffic in Delhi calls for creating enhanced awareness about
traffic and transport systems by running special programs; creating a traffic
management data base and imparting training to road users on a periodic basis.
The project cost for this objective is Rs. 16 Crore.

Agencies Responsible
for Rs in
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
Capital
Investment
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
A. SAFE AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM
i) Developing Light Rail
Transport System 74 km
2800 560 560 740 470 470 DIMTS DIMTS
ii) Developing Monorail
System 48 km
2400 480 480 720 360 360 DIMTS DIMTS
iii) High Capacity Bus
System 294 km.
1305 265 260 390 195 195 DIMTS DIMTS

19-11

for Rs in
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
Capital
Investment
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
i) Development of
Interstate Bus Terminus
at Bhartal, Dwarka,
Holambi Kalan and Tikri
Kalan
50 5 15 15 10 5 PWD DTC
ii) Integrated Freight
Complex at Madanpur
Khadar, Gazipur and
Narela
50 10 20 10 5 5 PWD MCD
C. DEVELOP NEW LINK ROADS AND BRIDGES AS ALTERNATIVE ROUTES
i) East-West Corridor from
Rajghat to Panjabi Bagh-
12km
120 20 30 30 20 20 PWD PWD
ii) North-South Corridor
from Majnu ka tila to
Daula Kaun-15km
125 25 30 30 20 20 PWD PWD
iii) Prem Bari Pul
(Pritampura) to Outer
Ring Road along Disused
Western Yammuna Canal
30 10 10 10 - - PWD PWD
iv) Sarita Vihar
Intersection on Mathura
Road to Okhla industrial
Areas
30 10 10 10 - - PWD PWD
v) Development of
elevated ring road
300 - 100 100 75 25 PWD/PVT PWD
vi) Elevated section over
Outer Ring road- NH 1 (
Mukerba Chowk) to
wazirabad 7.5 Km.
200 25 50 50 50 25 PWD PWD
vii) Outer Ring Road Link
from Okhla to Wazirabad
13 km.
200 - 50 50 50 50 PWD PWD
viii) Missing Link of Outer
Ring Road from NH 8 to
Janakpuri through
Cantonement Area
13Km.
200 - 50 75 50 25 PWD PWD
ix) Wazirabad Signature
Bridge over river Yamuna
464 164 150 150 - -
PWD PWD
x) Geeta Colony Bridge
over river Yamuna
125 125 - - - -
PWD PWD
xi) Master plan road over
disused Canal between
Shastri Park and Karkari
More
120 120 - - - -
PWD PWD
xii) Ring road bypass from
Salim Garh Fort to
Velodrome road
100 - 20 20 40 20
PWD PWD
xiii) Link road from NH 24
to Lodhi road ( Tunnel
Bypass )
60 - 15 15 15 15
PWD PWD
D. FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ROW OF ROAD
i) Traffic Management
and Area Traffic Control
schemes at all Grade
Separators and prominent
commercial areas
50 10 20 20 - - MCD MCD
ii) Improvement of road 500 100 150 150 50 50 MCD MCD

19-12

for Rs in
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
Capital
Investment
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
corridors spread over
Delhi.
iii ) Corridor improvement
plan for Mehrauli Gurgaon
Road (connecting Andheri
Morh to Delhi-Haryana
Border)
174 24 50 50 25 25 MCD MCD
iv) Beautification of roads
for Commonwealth
Games
750 150 300 300 - - PWD PWD
v) Flyover at Mukerba
Chowk
195 50 100 45 - - PWD PWD
vi) Grade Seperator at
Azadpur
154 34 60 60 - - PWD PWD
vii) Three Flyovers
between IIT & NH 8 on
Outer Ring Road
247 47 100 100 - - PWD PWD
viii) Flyover at Naraina 125 35 50 40 - - PWD PWD
ix) Bridge over Neela
Hauz ( Aruna Asaf Ali
Marg
47 17 20 10 - - PWD PWD
x) Flyover at Mangolpuri
Chowk on Outer Ring
Road
31 11 10 10 - - PWD PWD
xi) Behera Enclave
underpass on Outer Ring
Road
55 15 20 20 - - PWD PWD
xii) Flyover at Nagloi on
NH 10
78 18 30 30 - - PWD PWD
xiii) ITO Chungi 4 no.s
cloverleaves and
underpass
74 24 25 25 - - PWD PWD
xiv) RUB connecting road
no. 58 and 64
32 12 10 10 - - PWD PWD
xv) Grade Separator at
Shastri Park
65 15 25 25 - - PWD PWD
xvi) Flyover at Apsara
border on G.T.Road
88.5 28.5 30 30 - - PWD PWD
xvii) Grade Separator at
intersection of Raja Ram
Kohli Marg & Pusta Road
97 27 40 30 - - PWD PWD
xviii) Grade separator at
Shastri Park Pushta Road
Intersection
83 23 30 30 - - PWD PWD
xix) Flyover on Road no
56 ( ISBT Anand Vihar ) &
NH 24 ( Gazipur drain )
150 30 60 60 - - PWD PWD
xx) ROB on Road No. 63
level crossing
34 34 - - - - PWD PWD
xxi) UP link road clover
leaf
200 50 75 75 - - PWD PWD
xxii) ROB at G.T.Road
near Shyam Lal College
85 25 30 30 - - PWD PWD
xxiii) BSZ DDU I.P.Marg
Flyover
100 20 40 40 - - PWD PWD
Xxiv) Grade separator
along Rani Jhansi Road
between Baraf Khana
Chowk and Bara Hindu
Rao Chowk
178 28 50 50 25 25 MCD MCD

19-13

for Rs in
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
Capital
Investment
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
xxv) ROB at Samaipur
Badli Level Crossing on
Auchandi Road
40 10 15 15 - - MCD MCD
xxvi) Construction of
flyovers/under bridges at
various level crossing
sites.
250 50 75 75 25 25 MCD MCD
E. MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREA
i) Construction of Multi-
Level Parking in Delhi at
12 sites
100 10 20 20 25 25 MCD MCD
ii)Parking management &
Regulation at 10
prominent locations
15 10 5 - - - MCD MCD
iii) Construction of
underground parking in
residential areas
50 10 10 10 10 10 MCD MCD
F. PROVIDE EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS
i) Strenthening and
improvement of footpaths
along major arterial roads
100 20 30 30 10 10 MCD MCD
ii)Construction of foot
over bridges/ subways
at ten critical locations
10 5 5 - - - MCD MCD
iii) Modernisation of
Street lighting
125 25 60 40 - - PWD PWD
G. PREPARE SPECIAL INTEGRATED SCHEMES FOR MOVEMENT IN CP AND OLD CITY AREA
i) Improvement Major
intersections like Ajmeri
Gate, Fountain Chowk,
Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli
etc. at 15 locations
3 1 1 1 - - MCD MCD
ii) Pedestrianisation of
inner circle in Connaught
Place including parking
below inner circle
20 8 8 4 - - NDMC NDMC
iii) Pedestrianisation (
partial ) Chowk Area with
heritage considerations
10 2 2 4 2 - MCD MCD
iv) Provisions of subways
at nine locations in outer
circle of Connaught Place
18 5 5 8 - - NDMC NDMC
v) Developing
Underground Parking at
Connaught Place, Super
Bazar, Mayur bhawan,
Shivaji Terminal as part
of redevelopment of
Connaught Place
50 - 5 10 20 15 NDMC NDMC
vi) Corridor improvement
of S.P Mukherjee Marg
75 20 30 25 - - MCD MCD
vii) Traffic management
plan for areas around
proposed Civic Center
near Minto Road
188 35 50 50 25 28 MCD MCD
H. ENCOURAGE USE OF INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND NON-MOTORISED PASSENGER TRANSPORT
(Including cycles and cycle rickshaws)

19-14

for Rs in
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
Capital
Investment
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
i) Provision of Cycle
Tracks at Sub-Arterial &
Local Level roads and
streets new areas and
urban extensions
15 5 5 5 - - MCD MCD
Ii Road improvements for
use of cycle rickshaw in
Karol Bagh/Lajpat Nagar
and Trans Yammuna Area
30 10 10 10 - - MCD MCD
iii) Devpment of Cycle
Tracks in along major
transport corridor near
industrial nodes at seven
routes
100 10 20 20 30 20 MCD MCD
I. CREATE AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE
i)Public awareness and
enforcement drive

3 1 1 1 - -
TRAFFIC
POLICE
TRFFIC
POLICE
ii)User Information
System for transport
systems
10 1 1 2 3 3 STA STA
iii)Registration and
Training of Transport
Operators/drivers
3 1 1 1 - - STA STA
TOTAL 13486.5 2885.5 3534
398
6
1610
147
1

The total estimated O&M cost for transport related projects is Rs 3173 crore. The O&M
borne by private operators is Rs 1218.5 Crore. The details of the O&M costs are
presented in table below.

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
Total O&M
Cost @ 10%
RS IN CRORE
A. SAFE AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Government 692 0 65 130 223 274
Private 692 0 65 130 223 274
Government 12 0 1 3 4 5
Private 12 0 1 3 4 5
C. DEVELOP URBAN RELIEF ROADS AS ALTERNATIVE LINK ROADS
Government 62.0 0 7.0 12.3 18.8 24.0
Private 432.1 0.0 42.9 89.2 136.7 163.4

19-15

D. FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ROW OF ROAD
Government 991.7 0.0 83.1 216.1 340.6 351.9
Private 66.4 0.0 5.7 14.2 22.7 23.9
E. MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREA
Government 16.0 0.0 1.5 3.3 4.8 6.5
Private 16.0 0.0 1.5 3.3 4.8 6.5
F. PROVIDE EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS
Government 63.5 0.0 5.0 14.5 21.5 22.5
G. PREPARE SPECIAL INTEGRATED SCHEMES FOR MOVEMENT IN CP AND OLD CITY AREA
Government 83.8 0.0 7.1 17.2 27.4 32.1
H. ENCOURAGE USE OF INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND NON-MOTORISED PASSENGER TRANSPORT
(Including cycles and cycle rickshaws)
Government 30.5 0.0 2.5 6.0 9.5 12.5
I. CREATE AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE
Government 3.2 0.0 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.3
TOTAL O&M 3172.6 0.0 288.6 642.0 1040.6 1201.6

19.5 STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PWD, MCD and Irrigation & Flood Control Department are the agencies
responsible for construction, maintenance and improvement of drainage system
in city. The drainage projects, which can resolve the present drawbacks, are
presented below:

19.5.1 Project Summary

The projects identified under various strategies for improvement of city
drainage system are (i) Comprehensive Study of Drainage System; (ii) Short
term improvement measures and (iii) Revival of Major Drainage Network.

(i) COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM

To prepare a comprehensive drainage plan of the city, integration of total
station & satellite imagery with 1m contour interval is required. The cost of
preparation of comprehensive drainage plan is Rs 10 Crore.


19-16

(ii) SHORT TERM IMPROVEMENT MEASURES

The short term improvement measures involve desilting of drainage network;
provision of pump houses in low lying areas with power back-up and provision of
treatment plants at outfall drains.

(iii) REVIVAL OF MAJOR DRAINAGE NETWORK

The revival of major drains involves improvement and landscaping of- (A)
Najafgarh Drain; Mungeshpur Drain & Palam Drain in Najafgarh basin; (B)
Mungeshpur drain, Karari Suleman nagar Drain & Nangloi drain in Kanjhawala
basin; (C) Bawana Escape drain, Drain no-6, Burari Check & Drain and Wazirpur
complex drain in Alipur Basin; (D) Gokulpur Drain, Balbir Nagar Drain, GT road
drain, Patparganj drain, Radheypuri Drain, Laxmi Nagar Drain, Vinod Nagar
Drain and Shakarpur Drain in Shahdara Drainage Basin. The major drains in
Mehrauli basin are Tuglakabad, Madanpur Khadar, Jaitpur and Chirag Delhi
Drain. The Cost of revival and improvement of these drains is Rs 99 Crore in the
first phase.

Agencies
Responsible for
Cost in
Rs Crore
2007-
08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
201
1-12
Capital
Investm
ent
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
A. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM
i) GIS based
drainage
mapping and
planning
10 7 3 - - - PWD PWD
B. SHORT IMPROVEMENT MEASURES
i) Remodeling of
drains having
outfall into
Yamuna
42 13 17 8 4 - MCD MCD
ii) Provision of
outfall treatment
plants at outfall
drains-15 Nos.
15 10 5 - - - PWD PWD
iii) Desilting of
Drainage
Network-2100km
20 10 10 - - - PWD PWD
iv) Provision of
Pump houses in
low lying areas
with power
backup
5 5 - - - - PWD PWD
(v) Augmentation
of storm water
drainage
40 12 16 8 4 - MCD MCD
C. REVIVAL OF MAJOR DRAINAGE NETWORK
i) Improvement
and landscaping
of Major drainage
channel
54 24 30 - - - PWD PWD
ii) Design of
Check dams and
20 10 10 - - - PWD PWD

19-17

Agencies
Responsible for
Cost in
Rs Crore
2007-
08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
201
1-12
Capital
Investm
ent
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
depressions for
Ground Water
Recharge
iii) Pilot project
on Sub wells to
be developed
under flyover for
trapping
rainwater-20
Flyovers
25 5 10 10 - - PWD PWD
TOTAL 231 96 101 26 8 -

The O&M cost due to the new investment is Rs. 37.6 Crore. Public Works Department
(PWD) is the authority responsible for O&M of Drainage system.

Total O&M
Cost @ 5%
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
A. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
1.9 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
B. SHORT IMPROVEMENT
MEASURES
19.2 0.0 2.5 4.9 5.7 6.1
C. REVIVAL OF MAJOR
DRAINAGE NETWORK
16.5 0.0 2.0 4.5 5.0 5.0
TOTAL 37.6 0.0 4.9 9.9 11.2 11.6

19.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The MCD is the key agency in Delhi responsible for solid waste management ---
including collection, transportation treatment and disposal. As mentioned
earlier, the most important issue currently is to reduce the land requirement
for disposal.


Theses are presented below, in order of priority:

i. Maximising effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in
order to minimize land required for land fill sites

ii. Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient
land fill sites for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery


19-18

(i) Maximising effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in
order to minimize land required for land fill sites:

Projects include:

(a) Renewal of Existing Compost Plants

The existing composting facilities may be re-engineered, revitalized and
capacity augmented with technical inputs and marketing support to process
1075 tons per day (Table below), . It is proposed to do this within a year.

Name / site of
existing
composting
facility
Existing
Capacity
(TPD)
Year
commissi
oned
Proposed
capacity
(TPD)
Re-engineering and revival
inputs required
Okhla (MCD)
closed at present
150 1981 200
Almost complete re-
engineering and revival
required with new plant,
machinery and equipment
Okhla (NDMC) 200 1985 250
Major re-engineering and
revival required with new
plant, machinery and
equipment, raising the level
and re-surfacing of the
compost yard
Bhalsawa
(Private sector
owned and
operated)
500 1999 500
Additional 3 hectare land
required, almost complete
renewal of the compost pad
area, augmentation of plant
and machinery
Tikri Khurd 125 2001 125
Almost complete renewal of
the compost pad area,
augmentation of plant and
machinery

(b) Proposed New Processing Facilities for Compost, RDF and C&D Waste

New facilities of waste processing including composting, and other processing
technologies to the maximum possible extent should be installed (for example,
dry combustible waste can be processed as refuse derived fuel) Proposals for
these are mentioned in the table below

Facility Location
Capacity
(TPD)
Land requirement
(hectares)
Construction and
demolition debris
Burari 500 40.4
Construction and
demolition debris
Ghumman Hera 500 40.0
Compost plant Ghumman Hera 500 8.0
Compost plant Narela Bawana 1000 15.0
Waste to energy Okhla 700 6.0
Waste to energy Timarpur 700 4.0

(ii) Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient
land fill sites for disposal:

19-19

Projects include

(a) Closure, Capping and Landscaping of Existing Landfills: This will be
accompanied with a plan for disposal of waste during the intermittent
period before new sanitary landfills are commissioned and actually
operated. It is proposed to undertake this in the next 2 years. The
inputs required are elaborated in the table below

Name / site of
existing landfill
Area
(hectare)
Year
started
Waste
received
(TPD)
Inputs required
Okhla 16.20 1994 1200
Waste received from
MCD and Cantonment
Board; re-grading,
closure, capping, LFG
extraction and
collection, peripheral
drain, internal road,
landscaping etc.
Ghazipur 29.16 1984 2000
Waste received from
MCD and NDMC; re-
grading, closure,
capping, LFG extraction
and collection, curtain
wall for chicken and fish
markets, peripheral
landscaping etc.
Bhalsawa 21.06 1993 2200
Waste received from
MCD; re-grading,
closure, capping, LFG
extraction and
collection, peripheral
landscaping etc.

(b) Proposed Sanitary Landfill Sites

Development of sanitary landfills at identified sites (Jaitpur, Narela Bawana
and Bhatti Mines in that order). It is proposed to make the first one
operational within 2 years.

(c) Other Projects

Massive and sustained campaign encouraging people to consciously reduce
waste and segregate at source to facilitate waste processing

Sustained training for all the municipal staff as well as staff of any private
operator involved in waste management for their capacity building and planning
capability

Strategy/Project
Cost in Rs
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
Agencies
Responsible
for

19-20

Capital
Invest
ment
O&M
RS IN CRORE
A. RENEWAL OF EXISITING COMPOST PLANTS
(i)Revival &
Reengineering of
Compost Plants at
Okhla with New Plant;
Machinery and
Equipment
14 14 - - - -
Govt
/Pvt.
Pvt.
(ii) Bhalsawa & Tikri
Khurd Compost Plant-
Additional 3 hectare
land required and
complete renewal of
the compost pad area
and augmentation of
Plant and Machinery
9 9 - - - -
Govt
/Pvt.
Pvt.
(i) Re-grading, Closure,
Capping, LFG
extraction and
Collection, Peripheral
drain, internal roads,
landscaping etc-Okhla,
Ghazipur and Bhalsawa
109 55 54 - - - Pvt. Pvt.
C. PROPOSED PROCESSING FACILITIES
(i) 2000 TPD C&D
Waste processing plant
at Ghumman Hera and
Burari increase
capacity
25 10 15 - - - Pvt. Pvt.
(ii) Compost Plant at
Ghumman Hera,
Narela-Bawana
43 20 23 - - - Pvt. Pvt.
(iii) Waste to Energy
plant at Okhla and
Timarpur
100 25 25 50 - - Pvt. Pvt.
(i) Development of
Landfill sites at
Jaitpur, Narela-Bawana
and Bhatti Mines-138
Hectare
272 75 60 50 50 37 Pvt. Pvt.
E. OTHER PROJECTS
(i) Mechanical Street
Sweeper-10 Nos
7 7 - - - - MCD MCD
(ii) IEC awareness
programme
5 1 1 1 1 1 MCD MCD
(iii) Training of Staff
and Workers (52000) as
part of Training of
Trainers programme
5 3 2 - - - MCD MCD
(iv) Pilot Projects for
Ragpickers in Old City
area; North Campus,
East Delhi; West Delhi
3 2 1 - - - MCD MCD

19-21

Agencies
Responsible
for Cost in Rs
Crore
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12 Capital
Invest
ment
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
and South Delhi-17 Nos
(v) Study for
Quantification and
Development of
management model for
E-waste in City
1 1 - - - - MCD MCD
(vi) Pilot project for
processing & disposal
of e-waste
0 - - - - -
TOTAL 593 222 181 101 51 38

The O&M cost associated with the new investment is Rs. 50.8 Crore. Around 90 per
cent of O&M will be borne by the private developer.

Total O&M
Cost @ 3%
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
A. RENEWAL OF EXISITING COMPOST PLANTS

i) Private 2.8 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

i) Private 11.6 0.0 1.7 3.3 3.3 3.3
C. PROPOSED PROCESSING FACILITIES FOR C&D WASTE

i) Private 15.2 0.0 1.7 3.5 5.0 5.0

i) Private 19.0 0.0 2.3 4.1 5.6 7.1
E. OTHER PROJECTS

i) Private 2.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6
TOTAL 50.8 0.0 6.8 12.2 15.2 16.7

19.7 HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

The agencies involved in heritage conservation and management in Delhi
include the ASI, State Department of Archaeology, Delhi Development Authority
(DDA), MCD, NDMC, DUAC Heritage Conservation Committee, Delhi Waqf Board
and NGOs such as INTACH.



19-22

Four main strategies have been identified

i. Development of a Heritage Resource Information Management System for
integration of heritage concerns within the development plans Master
Plan, Zonal, Sub-Zonal, Area Level and assisting implementation and
monitoring processes,

ii. Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation &
Heritage Management

iii. Area Level Conservation, revitalisation and Regeneration strategies which
include supportive and linked sub-strategies for adaptive reuse, heritage
sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential community
facilities, housing rehabilitation, commercial areas, guidelines for new
development in historic areas, strengthening of linkages with surrounding
contemporary development

iv. Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue
generation, and awareness generation activities.

(i) Development of an Information Management System

The aim is to facilitate integration of heritage management within development
processes for the city and to provide a knowledge base for all agencies to
ensure coordinated action on heritage.

(a) Development and maintenance of a GIS based Cultural Heritage
Information System integrated with overall land information
management system has been proposed..

(b) Capacity Building of employees of the Departments involved in Heritage
Conservation and Management: in order to enable them to use the GIS
based information system effectively.

(c) Provision for salvage archaeology, recording remains excavated during
development and removal of artifacts to museums

(ii) Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation &
Heritage Management

Projects include:

(a) Establishment of a Self-Sustaining Technical Support Conservation
Centre: This will involve Capacity building and provision of technical
assistance by trained, qualified heritage professionals to owners of
heritage buildings as well as buildings located within designated
heritage zones. Moreover, establishment and maintenance of a
laboratory for testing of historic materials, appropriate contemporary
materials & monitoring performance of improved techniques and
conservation interventions.

(b) Ensuring Technical Support for Conservation required for
participatory conservation at the area level. This will be undertaken

19-23

through training of skilled masons and craftspersons required for
implementation of conservation projects.

(iii) Prioritization of Identified Heritage Zones, Precincts and Area Regeneration
Programmes

Projects include

(a) Development and implementation of a comprehensive regeneration and
heritage management plan for the Central Bazaar spine of Mehrauli
(similar to the successful Main Street Programme) - Adham Khans Tomb
to Sohan Burj.

(b) Community based Heritage Management Plans for the Dargahs/
traditional Pilgrim destinations of Delhi namely (i) Qutub Sahib; (ii)
Hazrat Nizamuddin; (iii) Chiragh Delhi; (iv) Ardhchini; (v) Saidulajaib and
(v) Qadam Sharif.

(c) Upgradation and regeneration of open space structure along with urban
landscape of the walled city, focusing on areas such as Chandni Chowk
Ballimaran, Maliwara, Dharampur; Kashmeri Gate Chowk & Nineteenth
century bazaar Hauz Qazi etc. Also proposed is the framing of guidelines
for integrated conservation management of the area between Red Fort,
Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj

(d) Area regeneration scheme for chowks and interface between historic
components of the city with the Metro Stations, focusing on the Kashmiri
Gate area. This would also include drawing up of a Heritage
Management Plan and guidelines for development of the area around the
Old Delhi Railway Station

(e) Restoration of Town Hall and Preparation of a comprehensive heritage
management plan including selection of appropriate adaptive reuses

(f) Adaptive Reuse of Buildings or Precincts: Adaptive reuse of derelict havelis,
heritage buildings, evacuee properties of heritage significance in Shahjehanabad and
shikargahs(Eg: Shri Marwari Aushadhalaya, 2766 Chatta Pratap Singh, Kinari Bazaar,
Haveli Ballimaran 3014, near Chota Baradari, Jaunti Shikargah, Jaunti Village, Old St
Stephens College Dara Shikhohs library, Dharamshala Rai Sahib Lala Lakshmi Narain,
Ramnath Inderdevi Dharamshala, 2764 Chatta Pratap Singh, Kinari Bazaar, Shri Marwari
Public Library etc.)

(g) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional housing stock within designated
heritage zones and precincts initially in the Walled City ( Ballimaran, Maliwara,
Dharampura, Churiwalan, Kinari Bazaar) and Urban villages.

(iv) Reintegrating Previously Overlooked Heritage Components into Thematic
Heritage Tourism Circuits

(a) In order to reintegrate overlooked heritage components, tourism circuits
linking the following areas are to be developed:


19-24

- Linking Humayuns Tomb with Safdarjangs Tomb via Lodhi Gardens,
Karbala, Tomb of Najaf Khan, Humayuns Tomb Hazrat Nizamuddin-
Sundar Nursery Purana Quila & Khair-ul-Manzil- Feroz Shah Kotla
- Daryaganj Red Fort; Red fort-Chandni Chowk Shahjehanabad
Fatehpuri Masjid;
- Tughlaquabad Chiragh Delhi Khirki Masjid Jahanpanah Vijay
Mandal Begumpuri Hauz Khas Mehrauli.

(b) Revival and Revitalisation of historic water Systems and buildings
including Baolis, Embankments, Sluicegates, Talaos, Catchment areas,
Hauz, Sarais and Kos Minars of Delhi

(c) Awareness generation materials and educational tools to enable children
to form cognitive maps of Historic Delhi linked with curriculum of Delhi
schools

(d) Adaptive reuse of historic buildings as Heritage Hotel at Kashmiri Gate

Agencies
Responsible for
Projec
t Cost
in Rs
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011-
12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
A) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(i) Development and
maintenance of a GIS
based Cultural Heritage
Information System
integrated with overall
land information
management system.
20 5 5 10 0 0 DDA, MCD
DDA,
NIC
AND
TPD
(ii) Capacity Building of
employees of the
Departments involved in
Hertage Conservation
and Management
1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Institute
of
Archaeolo
gy, ASI
and SPA;
Institute
of
Heritage
Managem
ent Delhi
Governm
ent
MCD
(iii) Provision for
recording excavated
remains and removal of
artifacts to museums
2 0.5 0.5 1 0 0
GNCTD
Dept of
Archaeolo
gy
GNCTD
B) ESTABLISHMENT OF 2 SELF-SUSTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT
CONSERVATION CENTRES

(i) Capacity building and
provision of technical
assistance by trained,
qualified heritage
professionals to owners
of heritage buildings as
10 3 4 3 0 0
MCD -
TPD
HERITAGE
SOCIETY,
GNCTD-
STATE
DDA,
MCD

19-25

Agencies
Responsible for
Projec
t Cost
in Rs
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011-
12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
well as buildings located
within designated
heritage zones- Mehrauli
and Shahjehanabad
ARCHEOL
OGY
(ii) Ensuring Technical
Support for
Conservation required
for participatory
conservation at the area
level
1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Town
Planning
Dept.of
MCD-MCD
Heritage
Society,
GNCTD
Dept. of
Archaeolo
gy,
Institute
of
Heritage
Managem
ent Delhi
Governm
ent &
SPA. PWD
& CPWD
TPD
MCD-,
GNCTD
Dept.
of
Archae
ology,
INTACH
& SPA.
C) PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS AND AREA
REGENERATION PROGRAMMES

(i) Development and
implementation of a
comprehensive
regeneration and
heritage management
plan- Central Bazaar
spine of Mehrauli;
Adham Khans Tomb to
Sohan Burj
(Development of
heritage area)
17 8 6 3 - -
DDA,
MCD-
Heritage
Cell,
RWA's,
INTACH
MCD
(ii) Community based
Heritage Management
Plans for the Dargahs/
traditional Pilgrim
destinations of Delhi
(Development of
heritage area)
37 2 7 12 8 8
SA,ASI,
MCD,
WAQF
BOARD,
COOPERA
TIVE
SA,ASI,
MCD,
WAQF
BOARD,
COOPE
RATIVE
(iii) Upgradation of open
space structure along
with urban landscape of
the walled city
inner city area)
25 3 10 10 1 1
Communi
ty
Represen
tatives,
MCD,
Horticult
ure,
Roads
and
MCD
Town
Plannin
g Dept.
and
PWD

19-26

Agencies
Responsible for
Projec
t Cost
in Rs
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011-
12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
Transport
ation,
PWD
(iv) Area regeneration
scheme for chowks and
interface between
historic components of
the city with the Metro
Stations (Regeneration
of old inner city area).
20 3 8 8 1 -
GNCTD
Departme
nt of
Archaeolo
gy, ASI,
Waqf
Board,
Local
stakehold
ers and
communit
y
represent
atives,
MCD,
DMRC
MCD
and
Delhi
Waqf
Board
GNCTD
Dept of
Archae
ology,
ASI,
(v) Heritage
Management Plan and
guidelines for
development of the area
around the Old Delhi
Railway Station
2 2 - - - -
Ministry
of
Railways,
GNCTD
Departme
nt of
Archaeolo
gy, Waqf
Board,
Local
stakehold
ers and
traders/
hotel
associatio
ns,
communit
y
represent
atives,
MCD,
Heritag
e
Divisio
n,Minis
try of
Railwa
ys,MCD
and
Delhi
Waqf
Board
GNCTD
Dept of
Archae
ology,
(vi) a. Guidelines for
integrated conservation
management of the area
between Red Fort, Jama
Masjid, Chandni Chowk
and Darya Ganj.
2 2 - - - -
DDA
Urban
Heritage
Foundatio
n and
DDA
Heritage
Cell,
GNCTD
Departme
nt of
Archaeolo
gy, Waqf
Board,
DDA
SPA,
MCD
and
Delhi
Waqf
Board
ASI

19-27

Agencies
Responsible for
Projec
t Cost
in Rs
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011-
12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
(vi) b. Revitalization of
surroundings of Jama
Masjid)
234 - 50 184 - -
GNCTD
Departme
nt of
Archaeolo
gy, MCD
Town
Planning
Departme
nt -
Heritage
Cell/
Heritage
Society ,
DTTDC
GNCTD
Dept of
Archae
ology,
MCD
(vii)Restoration of Town
Hall and Preparation of
a comprehensive
heritage management
plan including selection
of appropriate adaptive
reuses 6 4 2 - - -
GNCTD
Dept of
Archaeolo
gy, MCD
Town
Planning
Departme
nt -
Heritage
Cell/
Heritage
Society ,
DTTDC
GNCTD
Dept of
Archae
ology,
MCD
(viii) Rehabilitation of
historic and traditional
housing stock within
designated heritage
zones and precincts
initially in the Walled
City (Ballimaran,
Maliwara, Dharampura,
Churiwalan, Kinari
Bazaar) and Urban
villages
inner city area)
45 3 10 10 11 11
DDA
Urban
Heritage
Foundatio
n, MCD
Town
Planning
Departme
nt-
Heritage
Cell/
Heritage
Society
MCD
(ix) Regeneration of
inner (Old) city area
40 5 15 10 10 - GNCTD
Departme
nt of
Archaeolo
gy, Local
stakehold
ers and
communit
y
organizati
ons
represent
atives,
MCD
MCD
Heritag
e Cell
and
Society
, Local
stakeh
olders
and
commu
nity
organiz
ations
represe

19-28

Agencies
Responsible for
Projec
t Cost
in Rs
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011-
12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
Heritage
Cell and
Society
ntative
s
D) ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS OR PRECINCTS
(i) Adaptive reuse of
derelict havelis,
heritage buildings,
evacuee properties of
heritage significance in
Shahjehanabad and
shikargahs in rural
villages for provision of
essential community
facilities
35 5 13 7 5 5
GNCTD
Departme
nt of
Archaeolo
gy, Waqf
Board,
Local
stakehold
ers and
communit
y
organizati
ons
represent
atives,
MCD
Town
Planning
Dept.,
Heritage
Cell and
Society,
and
Education
al
institutio
ns -SPA
MCD
Heritag
e Cell
and
Society
, Delhi
Waqf
Board
GNCTD
Dept of
Archae
ology,
(ii) Retrofitting of
services and
rationalisation of space
utilisation in heritage
buildings currently used
for community purposes
8 3 5 - - -
Ministry
of
Railways,
GNCTD
Departme
nt of
Archaeolo
gy, Waqf
Board,
Local
stakehold
ers and
traders/
hotel
associatio
ns,
communit
y
represent
atives,
MCD,
Heritag
e
Divisio
n,Minis
try of
Railwa
ys,MCD
and
Delhi
Waqf
Board
GNCTD
Dept of
Archae
ology,

19-29

Agencies
Responsible for
Projec
t Cost
in Rs
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011-
12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
D. REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC
HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS
(i) Development of
thematic heritage
tourism circuits as an
integrated network with
signage systems,
heritage site linked
interpretation centres/
site museums, tourist
facilities, low speed
circuit transport for
tourists battery buses,
bicycle tracks,
integrated with the
Metro network
60 15 15 10 10 10
DTTDC,
DTC,
DMRC
with MCD
Heritage
Cell-
Heritage
Society,
DDA, ASI,
GNCTD
Dept of
Archaeolo
gy,
DTTDC,
Hotel
&
Touris
m
Associa
tions
(ii) Revival and
Revitalisation of historic
water Systems and
buildings including
Baolis, Embankments,
Sluicegates, Talaos,
Catchment areas, Hauz,
Sarais and Kos Minars of
Delhi
12 5 3 4 - -
MCD,
DDA,
INTACH,
SPA, DJB,
Forest
Departme
nt,
Departme
nt of
Irrigation
and Flood
Control,
DTTDC
Mainte
nance
costs
could
be fully
borne
by the
private
sector
under
PPP-
SIAM or
ACMA
(iii) Awareness
generation materials
and educational tools to
enable children to form
cognitive maps of
Historic Delhi linked
with curriculum of Delhi
schools
3 3 - - - -
DTTDC &
Departme
nt of
Education
Depart
nment
of
Educati
on
(iv) Adaptive Reuse of
Heritage Hotel at
Kashmirigate
2 2 0 0 0 0 Private Private
TOTAL 582 74 154 272 47 35

The estimated O&M cost of heritage projects is Rs 51.1 Crore. The detail breakup of
the cost is given in table below:

O&M Cost
in Rs @3%
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
A) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
1.3 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5

19-30

B) ESTABLISHMENT OF A SELF-SUSTAINING
TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION
CENTRE
1.0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3
C) PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS AND AREA REGENERATION PROGRAMMES
(i) Government 24.4 0 0.8 3.6 9.6 10.4
(ii) Private 15.5 0 0.1 1.2 4.5 9.7
D. ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDING OR
PRECINCT
3.2 0 0.2 0.8 1.0 1.1
E) REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISM
CIRCUITS
(i) Government 2.1 0 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.8
(ii) Private 3.7 0 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.3
TOTAL 51.2 0 2.1 7.3 17.6 24.1

19.8 URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The main agencies responsible for environmental management in Delhi are the
Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB).


Projects have been proposed under the following strategies:

i. Outreach and capacity building

ii. Enhancement of forests and green cover

iii. Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution

(i) Outreach and capacity Building

(a) The creation of awareness on noise pollution regulations; training in
best practices for the reduction in air and water pollution; & techniques
of water conservation; these would cover citizens, community groups
and RWAs.

(ii) Enhancement of Forests and Green Cover

Projects proposed include:

(a) South Delhi Greenway Project: aiming at the rejuvenation of selected
drains in South Delhi through the development of a continuous stretch of
green along their course.


19-31

(b) Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the city: To include a
complete inventorisation of all the species of flora and fauna. This
would provide a base document for afforestation measures including
tree planting, distribution of saplings, conservation of soil and moisture;
water harvesting etc; as well as for on-going initiatives such as the
conservation of the Asola Wildlife Sanctuary.

(c) GIS based Database of natural resources of the city including forest and
vegetation cover, land use pattern, water bodies and others: This is a
necessary tool for the effective management of environmental resources
in the city.

(iii) Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution

Projects proposed include:

(a) Reduction in Air Pollution: The reduction in air pollution measures are
multi agency and would be linked to automobiles, power plants,
domestic and commercial diesel generating sets, open burning,
industrial operations and others. Indirectly it would be responsibility of
the automobile manufacturers, oil companies, generator manufacturers
and others to incorporate designs and specifications which would reduce
air pollution. Some of the major strategies for the reduction in the air
pollution have been outlined earlier (Refer Strategies for Development).
In addition to these, a project for the augmentation of the continuous
air pollution monitoring system is also proposed. This would include
installation of more number of air quality monitoring stations in the
city.

(b) Water Pollution: YAP II has focussed on preparation of master plans and
DPRs for non point sources of pollution, including the dhobhi ghats,
crematoria, dairy farms, slaughter houses and slum rehabilitation.
Further augmentation of the plans and schemes under YAP II ,
addressing the Dhobi Ghats, crematoria and disposal of dairy waste have
been proposed.

YAP II includes the preparation of a master plan for the water bodies in
Delhi in order to decentralize waste waster collection and treatment;
and reuse systems to intercept polluting wastewater flow in water
bodies. It is proposed to augment this master plan with a DPR to study
the water quality, reclamation, catchment areas and the drainage of
these water bodies under this programme. This study could also assess
the potential of recharge of the ground water table through the
rejuvenation of the water bodies. It is also proposed to implement the
outputs of the DPR.

Augmentation of ground water monitoring stations has also been
proposed.

(c) Noise Pollution: The overall goal is to minimize noise pollution in the
city. The enforcement of relevant regulation is critical, as well as
awareness of the same among citizens. Awareness raising for the same
has ben proposed under the project proposed for outreach and training.


19-32

(d) Environmental Health: Awareness drives amongst the community to
adopt measures to keep their surroundings clean so that the incidence
of diseases may be controlled will also be included in the outreach and
training programmes.

Agencies
Responsible for Cost in
Rs
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010
-11
2011
-12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
A Outreach Capacity Building
i) Create
awareness for
water conservation
and the
techniques,
training
programmes for
the RWAs, display
& promotional
material & schools,
hospitals, change
institutions.
16 8 8 - - -
DJB &
NGO
-
B. Enhancement of Forest & Green Cover
i) South Delhi
Greenway Project
227 40 70 67 50 -
Privat
e
SPV
ii) Detailed study
of the biodiversity
and ecology of the
city. To include a
complete
inventorisation of
all the species of
flora and fauna
0.7 0.7 - - - -
Forest
Depart
ment
Forest
Depar
tment
iii) Protection of
Delhi ridge
including
restoration of
ecology and for
demarcation of
bunds.
5 2 2 1 - -
Forest
Depart
ment
Forest
Depar
tment
iv) GIS based
Database of
natural resources
of the city
including forest
and vegetation
cover, land use
pattern, water
bodies and others
2 1 1 - - -
Forest
Depart
ment
Forest
Depar
tment
i) Installation of 9
web linked
continuous air
quality monitoring
stations
15 8 7 - - -
CPCB
&
DPCC
Pvt.
ii) Action projects
of the Master Plan
50 25 25 - - - MCD Pvt.

19-33

Agencies
Responsible for Cost in
Rs
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010
-11
2011
-12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
for Dhobighats
Sudhar Yojna under
the YAP II.
Creating alternate
better
infrastructure for
the dhobis,
treatment facility
for the waste
water and drainage
in to the river
iii) Action projects
for the collection,
transport and
treatment of the
dairy waste under
the YAP II. This
would include
installation of
treatment plants,
methane
generation plants
and drainage
system for the
dairy waste
50 25 25 - - -
SPV &
Pvt
SPV
iv) Upgradation of
the crematoria in
the city to make
them
environmentally
better (air
pollution
treatment
equipment). Master
plans under the
YAP II to be
implemented
10 5 5 - - - MCD MCD
v) River Front
Development
including
walkways,
recreation
facilities, kiosks,
water sports etc
50 20 20 10 - - SPV SPV
vi) Installation of 2
water quality
stations for
monitoring and
gauging.
5 2 3 - - - SPV SPV
TOTAL 430.7 136.7 166 78 50 -

The envisaged O&M cost of the environment projects is Rs 39.6 Crore. The details of
this are given in table below.

19-34

Total O&M
Cost @ 3%
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
B. Enhancement of Forest & Green Cover
Private 16.6 0.0 1.2 3.3 5.3 6.8
Government 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2
Private 17.4 0.0 2.4 4.8 5.1 5.1
Government 4.8 0.0 0.6 1.2 1.5 1.5
Total 39.6 0.0 4.3 9.5 12.1 13.6

19.9 URBAN GOVERNANCE

GIS and MIS based database system for land and building records are essential in
evaluation of the land situation in the city; and the assessment of property tax.
This will form a common base document for the reference of all agencies
involved in urban management. Moreover, effective governance will be
substantially improved through interdepartmental information sharing and
departmental capacity building.

for Cost
in Rs
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011-
12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
(i) Development of
GIS/MIS based
database system
for Land and
Building Records
5.0 2.5 2.5 - - -
Revenue
Deptt
Revenue
Deptt
(ii) Development of
E-governance for
various services of
ULBs
1.0 0.5 0.5 - - - UDD UDD
(iii) Capacity
building of the
MCD, NDMC and
Parastatal
departments
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - - UDD UDD
TOTAL 9.00 4 4 1 - -

The O&M cost for maintenance of governance infrastructure is Rs 0.2 Crores.

19.10 OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

While projects for land and growth management do not form part of the core
focus of the JNNURM programme, this aspect remains integral to the smooth
functioning and sustainable development of the city. Delhi, in particular, has

19-35

suffered in this respect, due to the peculiar institutional arrangement for
growth management in the city. While this is addressed in a further chapter, a
few initiatives are proposed below, aimed at easing the growth requirements of
the city, and facilitating overall management.

(a) Decentralization of trade fair from the core city: The location of the
existing trade fair grounds, which was once peripheral with respect to
the rest of the city, is now fairly central. Circulation in this area is
severely affected due to the tremendous traffic generated when the
annual international trade fair is held. It is proposed to relocate the
trade fair grounds to more peripheral locations in the city, having good
public transport connectivity through the metro.

(b) Redevelopment of low density government housing estates in the
core city: Large areas of land in prime areas of the city are occupied by
low density government estates. These include Dev Nagar and the DIZ
Area in the north; Lodi Colony, Vinay Nagar (Sarojini Nagar, Laxmi Bai
Nagar, Kidwai Nagar), Sewa Nagar, R.K. Puram, Saket MB road
developments in the south, among others. Land use these areas has
now become inefficient, due to the development in the surrounding
areas. Moreover the ownership of these lands by public agencies
represents a huge opportunity to meet the growth requirements of the
city. Several cities, including New York, Shanghai, and more recently,
London, have undertaken a systematic redevelopment of areas in order
to meet contemporary growth needs. In view of the limited
implementation of development proposals in the past, this is now an
urgent requirement of the city, and can be undertaken with private
sector participation in order to defray costs (after a clear structure for
the same has been developed) A study, to initiate this process has been
recommended. The annual O&M cost of these projects is Rs 0.2 crore.

for Cost
in Rs
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011-
12 Cap.
Invt.
O&M
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
(i) Development of
Trade Centres in
North-East and
West of City - 2
Nos
15 2 5 8 - - UDD UDD
(ii) Study for
Identification and
Development
options in
Government Land
in Core City area-5
Nos
5 3 2 - - - UDD UDD
TOTAL 20 5 7 8 - -



19-36

19.11 URBAN SLUMS AND POOR

The existing agency responsible for redevelopment and relocation of slums in
the city is the Slum Department, under the MCD.


Projects have been proposed under the following strategies:

i. In-situ redevelopment at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units
offered on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through
a cooperative, trust, NGO etc

ii. Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying
locations (relocation), for outright purchase. Connectivity to work centers
to be assured.

iii. Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying locations
single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed
by trusts, or NGOs with government support

iv. Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies, and existing
relocation sites

v. Provision of housing (on-going) for the urban poor

vi. In-situ re-construction of Katras.

(i) In-situ redevelopment at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered
on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a
cooperative, trust, NGO etc

Group shelter schemes (G+1 and G+2) are proposed. These will offer a range of
rooms and flats, and accommodate (on redevelopment) more households in
comparatively smaller area and better sanitation facilities. Such schemes can
be promoted by the GNCTD, through Ngos, or trusts; or private sector
participation (Private Developers).

Private Developers or Government may obtain funding from national housing
finance institutions which provide low cost funds leaving enough margins for
the developing agency to meet administrative and running costs. (Refer section
on Institutional Reforms Slum Housing Corporation)

Dwelling units will be provided on hire-purchase basis and the title would be
transferred on payment of all installments by the beneficiaries.

The cost of the housing units will be made repayable over 15 years (maximum)
carrying interests at the maximum 2 per cent over the rate at which the funds
were acquired from the national financing institutions. Assuming an interest
rate of about 8 %, , the EMI (equated monthly installment) on a hire purchase
amount of Rs 50,000 would be approx. Rs. 400 per month.

There are 728 JJ clusters spread over an area of 650 hectare. It has been
proposed to develop G+1housing in 603 JJ clusters and G+2 housing in 125 JJ

19-37

clusters (Appendix 19-1). Some of the land at the improvement sites would be
released for high value uses, such as commercial development along arterial
roads of the scheme. The surpluses realized would be used to cross- subsidise
costs of housing. Moreover, the development of 10 transit camps (2 in North; 3
in East; 3 South West and 2 in West) on 10 hectare land to accommodate
households during redevelopment has also been proposed.

(ii) Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying
locations (relocation)

Households which chose, and have the capacity to, own plots and construct
units, can opt for relocation at outlying locations with assured connectivity to
work centers. This aims to provide households with a means to improve their
living standards through a process in which people themselves participate.
Provision of infrastructure may be basic to keep costs low, with the option to
upgrade incrementally. The projects identified under this head are (a)
relocation of 5000 dwelling units from slum areas of city; (b) Development of
site for 10720 dwelling units at Kanjhawala, Ghogha and Bapraula. The plot
sizes are 27sqm; (c) Development of plot at Savda Ghevda accommodating
around 20,000JJs; (d) Development of 10 transit camps (2 in North; 3 in East; 3
South West and 2 in West) on 10 hectare land to accommodate households
during redevelopment.

(iii) Development of night shelters in the city and at outlying locations: It is
proposed to develop night shelters in Walled City area, near industrial
complexes, and near the relocation sites in outlying areas, in order to provide
long stay facilities for low income workers --- beds or single rooms with shared
facilities. Five facilities are proposed. Exact location and holding capacity
would have to be determined.

(iv) Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies, and 11 existing
relocation sites

This includes

(a) Infrastructure upgradation of 11 existing relocation sites: This involves
developing street lighting system, construction of community toilets,
community halls, child care centers etc.

(b) Infrastructure upgradation in 44 resettlement colonies

(c) Revival Plan for Community Work Centers: Development of the
community work centers at various locations in the city (with
approximate area of 22.33m
2
per work space) spread over an area of
22383m
2
. The project cost is Rs 29.23 crore.

(v) Provision of housing (on-going) for the urban poor: This extent of supply is
estimated to be required to cater to the demand for low income housing until
2012. This demand will have to be met in a timely manner in order to prevent
the development of new slum pockets in the city. The projects identified are

(a) Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Rohini-1770 DUs;

(b) Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Dwarka-2550 DUs;

19-38

(c) Construction of 12560 EWS houses at village Siraspur and Sector-26,
Rohini;

(d) Worker Housing with cost effective technologies at Narela, Bhorgarh and
Bawana;

(e) Housing for Urban Poor through development of EWS Housing and

(f) Development of Night Shelters in Walled City area and Industrial
Complexes-5 Nos.

(vi) In-situ re-construction of Katras: The in-situ reconstruction of 25 government
owned Katras (out of 319 katras) in the walled city area has been proposed The
cost for reconstruction is Rs 70 Crore.

Agencies Responsible for
PROJEC
T COST
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
Capital
Investment
O&M Strategy / Project
Rs in Crore
A) IN-SITU REDEVELOPMENT OF SLUMS
(i) In situ
redevelopment
of Slums-
providing water
supply, road
network,
drainage and
Housing etc.
783 150 200 200 100 133
Slum
Department/
Private
Developers/
Beneficiary
Private
Develo
per/Be
neficia
ry
(i)a Upgradation
of Street
Lighting system
300 100 50 75 75 -
Slum
Department
Commu
nity
(i)b Construction
of Community
Toilets-1200
Nos.
17 10 7 - - - MCD NGO
(v) Development
of Sites for
Transit Camps-
10 Nos
80 80 - - - - MCD MCD
B) DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICED PLOTS (RELOCATION)
(i) Relocation of
5000 JJ Units
30 10 10 10 - - MCD
Cooper
ative
(ii) Development
of Relocation
Sites at
Kanjhawala,
Ghogha and
Bapraula
217 80 55 55 27 - DSIDC
Cooper
ative
(iii)
Development of
plots at Savda
250 100 100 50 - - MCD
Cooper
ative

19-39

PROJEC
T COST
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
Capital
Investment
Rs in Crore
Gevra-20000JJ
C: DEVELOPMENT OF NIGHT SHELTERS
(vi)
Development of
Night Shelters in
Walled City area
Industrial
Complexes and
other sites -5
Nos
15 15 - - - - MCD
Cooper
ative
D INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION (RESETTLEMENT COLONIES AND RESETTLEMENT SITES)
(i) Infrastructure
upgradation in
44 resettlement
colonies
85 20 30 35 0 0
Slum
Department/
Pvt.
Developer
Pvt.
Develo
per
(ii)
Infrastructure
upgradation of
11 existing
relocation sites
239 50 100 50 39 0 DSIDC
Cooper
ative
(iii) Revival Plan
for Community
Work Centres
(22383 m
2
)
30 15 15 - - - DSIDC DSIDC
(iv) Civic
Amenities like
Community Halls
200 75 50 50 25 MCD MCD
E. PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR THE URBAN POOR
(i) Multi-
Storeyed
Tenements at
Rohini-1770 DUs
50 25 25 - - - Slum Deptt
Cooper
ative
(ii) Multi-
Storeyed
Tenements at
Dwarka-2550
DUs
73 30 25 18 - - Slum Deptt
Cooper
ative
(iii) Construction
of 13840 EWS
houses at village
Siraspur and
Sector-26,
Rohini
400 100 170 60 30 40 DDA
Cooper
ative
(iv) Worker
Housing with
cost effective
technologies at
Narela, Bhorgarh
and Bawana
101 50 51 - - - DSIDC
Cooper
ative
(v) Housing for
Urban Poor
through
development of
750 100 100 250 150 150
Slum
Department
Cooper
ative

19-40

PROJEC
T COST
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
Capital
Investment
Rs in Crore
EWS Housing
(vi)
Rehabilitation &
Resettlement of
slum dwellers at
Narela Phase-II
& Rohini
710 200 200 150 100 60 DDA DDA
F: IN-SITU RE-CONSTRUCTION OF KATRAS
(i)
Reconstruction
of Katras in old
city areas
70 20 20 20 10 -
Slum
Department/
Pvt.
Developer
Pvt.
Develo
per
TOTAL COST in
Rs Crore
4400 1230 1208 1023 574 383

The O&M cost due to the new investment is estimated at Rs. 557.3 Crore. This will be
borne by various agencies, including the Slum Department, DSIDC, Private Developers,
Cooperatives etc.

O&M COST
@ 5%
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
A) PROVISION OF BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE & GROUP HOUSING
Private
Developer/Beneficiary
85.0 0.0 7.5 17.5 27.5 32.5
Community 38.8 0.0 5.0 7.5 11.3 15.0
NGO 3.2 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9
MCD 16.0 0.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
B. DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE PLOTS
Cooperative 75.7 0.0 9.5 17.8 23.5 24.9
C. DEVELOPMENT OF NIGHT SHELTERS
MCD 3.2 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
D. INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION
Private Developer 12.1 0.0 1.0 2.5 4.3 4.3

19-41

Cooperative 32.0 0.0 2.5 7.5 10.0 12.0
DSIDC 5.3 0.0 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.5
MCD
28.9 0.0 3.8 6.3 8.8 10.0
E. PROVISION OF HOUSING
Cooperative 73.4 0.0 7.8 18.8 22.7 24.2
DSIDC 17.8 0.0 2.5 5.1 5.1 5.1
Slum Department 67.5 0.0 5.0 10.0 22.5 30.0
DDA 90.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 27.5 32.5
F. IN-SITU RECONSTRUCTION
Pvt. Developer 9.5 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5
TOTAL COST 558.4 0.0 61.7 122.2 173.3 201.2

19.12 SUMMARY OF PROJECT INVESTMENT PLAN

The shares of major sectors as shown in figure are water supply (7%); sewerage
(11.5%); road network & transportation (56%); and urban poor and slums (18%)
respectively.

Funding Pattern: The projects for investment support in Delhi are eligible for
Central assistance under the following conditions:

In case any JNNURM project is also approved as externally aided project
(EAP), the EAP funds can be passed through as Accelerated Central
Assistance to the State Government as funds contributed by States, ULBs,
FIs; and JNNURM funds can be used as GoI contribution.

If necessary, internal resources of implementing agencies, MP or MLA Local
Area Development (LAD) Funds and MLA LAD funds may be substituted for
institutional finance or State share.

a. Projects under appraisal by Sub-Mission Directorate for Urban Infrastructure
and Governance

CG SG
ULB/
FI Project Cost
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
35 15 50
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE


19-42

Water Supply 1632 535 500 330 167 100 571 245 816
Sewerage 2755 605 675 605 495 375 964 413 1378
Road Network and
13487 2886 3534 3986 1610 1471 4720 2023 6743
Storm Water Drainage 231 96 101 26 8 0 81 35 116
Solid Waste
Management
593 222 181 101 51 38 208 89 297
Heritage and
Conservation
582 74 154 272 46 35 204 87 291
City Environment 431 137 166 78 50 151 65 215
Urban Governance 9 4 4 1 0 0 3 1 5
Other Projects 20 5 7 8 0 0 7 3 10
Street Lighting 25 5 5 5 5 5 9 4 13
SUB-TOTAL 19740 4563 5322 5407 2427 2019 6909 2961 9870

In the case of urban transport projects, the standard pattern of assistance of 35
per cent will not apply. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA),
while considering any such project proposal, may decide the level of equity
and/or loan to be provided by the central government.

This funding pattern is proposed for public financed projects. In case of
projects incorporating public-private partnerships, the Central governments
share shall not exceed the amounts prescribed.

b. Projects under appraisal by the Sub-Mission Directorate for Basic Services to
the Urban Poor

Housing should not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State
Government. A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution with bank loan should
be stipulated (10 per cent in case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other weaker
sections).

CG SG
ULB/
FI
Project
Cost
2007-
08
2008-
09
2009-
10
2010-
11
2011-
12
35 15 50
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE
SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC
SERVICES AND POOR

Housing
4400 1230 1208 1023 556 383 2200 - 2200
SUB-TOTAL 4400 1230 1208 1023 556 383 2200 0 2200
TOTAL 24140 5793 6530 6430 2983 2402 9109 2961 12070

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 20 : Financial Sustenance Plan

20-1

CHAPTER - 20
FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN

20.1 INTRODUCTION

In order to assess the investment sustaining capacity of MCD, NDMC and DJB,
the municipal fiscal situation has been simulated, based on a Financial
Operating Plan (FOP). The FOP is essentially a multi-year forecast of municipal
finances for a term of 15 years. It has been used to forecast the revenue
income and operating expenditures for the period between FY 2005-06 and FY
2019-20. In order to gauge the sector-specific fiscal situation and determine
options for project structuring, the FOP has been generated for the following
three major accounts: (a) MCD Accounts (b); NDMC Accounts and (c): DJB
Accounts for water & sewerage.

20.2 DEPARTMENT WISE INVESTMENT

The department wise capital investments are presented in the table below.
Some of the projects that are under the ambit of the MCD & parastatal
departments, but can be taken up with private sector participation, have been
segregated and it is assumed that for these projects 50% of the funding would
be from the GoI & the State Government and some part of the balance 50%
would come from the private sector as equity. In this case part of the operation
and maintenance would be the responsibility of the private sector, who would
also agree on a revenue sharing arrangement with the MCD & parastatal
departments.

In case of projects relating to urban slums and poor, it is assumed that 15% of
the project cost would be borne by the beneficiaries. Taking into account the
above assumptions, the proposed means of financing for the Rs 24,140 crores
investment is given in the table below.

Department wise
Investment Rs Crore 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
DDA 1199 312 385 250 143 109
DIMTS 6505 1305 1300 1850 1025 1025
DJB 4385 1139 1174 935 662 475
DJB & NGO 16 8 8
DSIDC 587 195 221 105 66
Forest Department 7.7 3.7 3 1
Govt/Pvt. 23 23
MCD 2780.87 730.2 819.13 735.44 270.4 225.7
NDMC 88 13 18 22 20 15
Private 1033 274 345 227 137.5 49.5
PWD 4988.5 1275.5 1683 1535 297.5 197.5
Revenue Deptt 5 2.5 2.5
Chapter 20 Finance Sustenance Plan

20-2

Slum Department 2111 445 450 598 335 283
STA 13 2 2 3 3 3
TRAFFIC POLICE 3 1 1 1
UDD 24 6.5 8.5 9
Intach 4 0.5 0.5 1 1 1
GNCTD State
Archeology 228 20 60 120 10 18
DTTDC 80 7 25 35 13
ASI 43.13 23.3 16.37 2.56 0.6 0.3
GRAND TOTAL 24140 5795 6529 6430 2984 2402

20.3 O&M COST OF INVESTMENT

The O&M cost of various projects is Rs. 4972 Crore. In order to meet the O&M
cost, due to new investments, it has been proposed to revise the unit area
value, water tax (the normal revision of water tax as per DJB norms are
proposed), sewerage tax and other revenue sources as discussed in the
following sections.

Total Cost Government Private Beneficiary
Total
O&M Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
% age

Water Supply 1632 446.7 0.0 0.0 446.7 10%
Sewerage 2755 615.0 0.0 0.0 615.0 10%
Road Network and
13487 1954.7 1218.5 0.0 3172.2 10%
Storm Water Drainage 231 37.4 0.0 0.0 37.4 5%
Solid Waste Management 593 50.8 0.0 0.0 50.8 3%
Heritage and Conservation 582 32.0 19.2 0.0 51.1 3%
City Environment 431 5.6 34.0 0.0 39.6 3%
Urban Governance 9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 2%
Other Projects 20 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 3%
SUB-TOTAL 19740 3143 1272 0 4414

Housing
4400 229 110 220 558 5%

20-3

SUB-TOTAL 4400 229 110 220 558
TOTAL 24140 3372 1382 220 4972

20.4 NEED FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES

While the MCD and Parastatal departments can contribute part of the capital to
the capital investments required by undertaking revenue enhancement
initiatives, innovative methods of financial structuring of the projects will also
need to be undertaken.

20.5 ASSUMPTIONS FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INTIATIVES

The ability of MCD, NDMC, DJB and Parastatal Departments to sustain the
investments made for the identified projects is based upon the closing balance
(surplus/deficit) indication, for each of their accounts. The sustainability was
determined based on the criteria that the closing balance requires indicating an
annual surplus in the respective accounts.

20.5.1 Key assumptions for FOP

The income and expenditure for all three major revenue earning departments
namely Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), New Delhi Municipal Council
(NDMC) and Delhi Jal Board (DJB) accounts (water, drainage and general) were
forecast and assessed as the basis for the investment sustenance analysis. The
limits for the growth rates of various revenue streams have been fixed between
3% and 15%. For those heads with growth rate less than 3%, it is assumed that it
will be brought up to 3%; and for those more than 15%, it is assumed that it will
be sustained at 15% at least. The guiding assumptions for forecasting income
and expenditure items were:

Table 20.1: Assumptions for Forecasting Income and Expenditure - MCD
No. Item Assumption for Forecast
Basis (Current Rate -
2005-06)
1. MCD ACCOUNTS-TAX AND NON-TAX REVENUE SOURCES
A TAX REVENUE SOURCES
1 PROPERTY TAX
a
Persons per
assessment
10
13 (2003-04) indicating
under-assessment of
properties

b Unit Area Value
15 % every three years (FY
2007-08 and 2010- 11)
UAM was adopted in FY
2004-05. The MVC revises
the rates every 3 years
c
Growth in Number
of Properties
Assessed
3 %
Annual Growth rate of
population (1991-2001):
3.85 %
d Coverage
Will increase from 66%
(2006-07) to 85% (2009-10)
Digitisation and
Computerisation of
property tax records will
be completed by 2008-09,

20-4

2005-06)
enabling efficiencies in
coverage to be effected

e
Collection
Efficiency
Against Arrear Demand: 7 %
in 2005-06 to 20 % in 2012
13
Against Current Demand:36
% (2005-06) to 90 % in 2010-
2011
Consultations with the
Property Tax Department,
MCD
f
Realisation of
Property Tax
MCD's revenue from
property tax, before 2004-
05 (year in which UAM was
implemented) was approx.
775 cr. In 2004-05, it fell to
575 cr., due to the UAM
values assigned. It is the
aim of the ULB to return it's
tax revenue to pre-2004
levels by 2007-08. It has
been assumed that this will
be achieved by 2008-09, at
the latest (the MVC is
currently reviewing the
values assigned in order to
achieve this)
Consultations with the
Property Tax Department,
MCD

2
Taxes on Vehicles
and Animals
15.0% 23.3%
3 Theater Tax 3.0% -9.4%
4
Tax on
Advertisement
15.0% 21.3%
5
Tax on Building
Permission
15.0% 113.2%
6 Toll tax 11.5% 11.5%
7
Duty on Transfer
of Property
15.0% 21.7%
8
Tax on
consumption and
Sale of Electricity
15.0% 27.7%
B TAX REVENUE SOURCES
I RENTS AND FEES
1
Fines and Process
Fee
15.0 % 26.4 %
2 Education Fee 14.1 % 14.2 %
3
Fines for Cattle
Pounds
3.0 % -12.8 %
4
Fees from
Hospitals
4.6 % 4.6 %
5
Fees from Vehicles
Licenses
3.0 % -5.3 %
6 Tehbazari fee etc 15.0 % 320.8 %
7
Rents on Land,
Buildings and Car
15.0 % 28.7 %

20-5

2005-06)
Parking
8
Special
Registration for
Trades
3.0 % 2.6 %
9
Public Health and
Conversancy and
Street Cleaning
14.1 % 14.2 %
10 Miscellaneous 3.0 % -11.9 %
II OTHERS
1
Development
Charges
3.0 % -2.3 %
2
Road Restoration
Charges
3.0 % -19.8 %
3
Reimbursement of
Cost from diff
schemes
15.0 % 252.2 %
4 Others 15.0 % 23.8 %
III EXTERNAL REVENUE SOURCES
1
Global Sharing of
Taxes- Assigned
13.08 % 13.08 %
2
Education Grant-
Reimbursement
Grant
15.00 % 43.19 %
3
Ways and Means
Advance
0 % -45.14 %
IV CAPITAL INCOME
1
Existing General
Grants
3.54 % 3.54 %
2 Existing Loans 15.00 % 17.68 %
2. MCD ACCOUNTS-REVENUE EXPENDITURE
1
General
Supervision,
collection of
revenues etc
11.81 % 11.81 %
2 Education 4.55 % 4.55 %
3 Libraries 7.47 % 7.47 %
4 Public Health 4.66 % 4.66 %
5 Medical Relief 8.91 % 8.91 %
6
Conservancy and
Street Cleaning
7.88 % 7.88 %
7
Scavenging, Drains
and Sewers
3.00 % -14.91 %
8
Roads and Public
Lighting
11.92 % 11.92 %
9
Markets and
Slaughter Houses
6.60 % 6.60 %
10
Licensing, removal
of Encroachments
3.13 % 3.13 %
11
Gardens and Open
Spaces
7.49 % 7.49 %

20-6

2005-06)
12
Development
Charges
15.00 % 33.92 %
13 Miscellaneous 13.39 % 13.39 %
14
Building Land
Acquisition and
Management
7.65 % 7.65 %
15
Reserves for
unforeseen
15.00 % 235.01 %
3. CAPITAL WORKS
1
General Capital
Works
3.00 % 2.79 %

Table 20.2: Assumptions for Forecasting Income and Expenditure - DJB
No. Item Assumption for Forecast Basis (CAGR 2001-05)
A INCOME FROM REVENUE ACCOUNT
1 Water charges 15.00 %, EVERY 3 RD YEAR
8.68%
2 NDMC 3.00 %
9.35%
3 MES 15.00 %
9.93%
4
Non-Plan
Assistance
The non-Plan assistance has
been worked out with a
view to meeting the deficit
between the Revenue
Income and Revenue
Expenditure.
14.34%
5 Misc. Income 3.00 % 113.15 %
B INCOME FROM CAPITAL ACCOUNT
1 Grant 3.00 % -49.35 %
2 Loan 15.00 % 16.06 %
C EXPENDITURE ON REVENUE ACCOUNT
1 Establishment 13.79 % 13.79 %
2
Other
administrative
Expenses
15.00 % 172.95 %
3 Power 3.00 % 2.00 %
4
Repair &
Maintenance
3.00 % -16.28 %
5
General Stores and
Chemicals
4.44 % 4.44 %
6 Cost of Raw Water 15.00 % 56.97 %
7 Property Tax 3.00 % -52.14 %
8
Repayment of loan
and Interest
10.57 % 10.57 %
9 Cess 3.00 % -5.16 %
D EXPENDITURE ON CAPITAL ACCOUNT
1 General Works 6.36 % 6.36 %


20-7

Table 20.3: Assumptions for Forecasting Income and Expenditure - NDMC
Basis Basis (Current Rate
2005-06)
A. WATER AND SEWERAGE ACCOUNTS
1 House tax
a Govt property 15.00 % 15.75 %
b Private property 3.00 % 2.41 %
2 Theater Tax 15.00 % 37.21 %
3
Tax on
Advertisement
15.00 % 35.32 %
4
Duty on Transfer
of Property
10.23 % 10.23 %
5 Other Taxes 15.00 % 70.41 %
6
Building related
receipts
10.59 % 10.59 %
B FEES AND FINES
1 Fines 15.00 % 26.51 %
2 Composition Fee 3.00 % 36.73 %
3
Sewer Connection
fee
3.00 % -13.44 %
4 Compounding Fee 3.00 % -4.67 %
5 Inspection Fee 15.00 % -51.25 %
6 Others 3.00 % 103.93 %
C OTHERS
1 Interest 15.00 % 99.81 %
2
Administrative
Dept.
15.00 % 244.87 %
3 Social Services 3.00 % -8.81 %
4 Electricity 3.00 % -5.59 %
5 Water Supply 15.00 % 423.2 %
6
Other Municipal
works
3.00 % -5.38 %
D EXTERNAL REVENUE
1
Advances to
Employees
3.00 % -15.64 %
2
External
Assistance
15.00 % 20.91 %
3 Assigned Taxes 15.00 % 23.83 %
E. CAPITAL INCOME
1
External
Assistance
15.00 % 35.79 %
2 Deposit Works 3.00 % -2.25 %
F REVENUE EXPENDITURE
1
Collection of
Taxes & Duties
3.00 % 2.44 %

20-8

Basis Basis (Current Rate
2005-06)
2 Interest 3.00 % -48.17 %
3
Administrative
Dept
13.05 % 13.05 %
4 Education 3.00 % -2.98 %
5
Medical & Public
Health
3.00 % 2.31 %
6 Animal Husbandry 3.00 % -7.64 %
7
Other social
services
3.00 % -2.53 %
8 Palika Parking 3.00 % -17.10 %
9 Indoor Stadium 3.00 % 2.40 %
10 Night Shelters 3.00 % -23.75 %
11
Contribution to
NDF
3.00 % -100.00 %
12 Electricity Supply 3.00 % 1.16 %
13 Water Supply 3.00 % -3.01 %
14 Roads 15.00 % 22.07 %
15
Other Municipal
Works
4.15 % 4.15 %
16
Advances to
Employees
3.00 % -22.66 %
17
External
Assistance
15.00 % 37.08 %
G CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
1
Administrative
Dept.
15.00 % 493.27 %
2 Education 3.00 % 1.19 %
3
Medical & Public
Health
15.00 % 16.03 %
4 Animal Husbandry 3.00 % -100.00 %
5
Other Social
Services
3.00 % -3.16 %
6 Electricity Supply 15.00 % 28.60 %
7 Water Supply 3.00 % 0.07 %
8 Roads 15.00 % 23.24 %
9
Other Municipal
Works
3.00 % -3.98 %
10 Deposit Works 3.00 % -4.75 %

20.6 PROPOSED CASH FLOW OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI

Based on the above FOP assumptions and financial reforms the cash flow for
MCD in Rs Crore, based on actuals for FY 2005-06 and projected for the period
starting in FY 2006-07 to FY 2011-12 is presented in tabular form below and in
Annex. 20-1.


20-9

Table 20.4: Proposed Income and Expenditure Pattern of MCD
Description
2005-
06
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Opening Balance 499.8 1,532.2 4,069.8 6,348.3 8,666.5 11,103.7 13,965.0
A. TAX REVENUE
Property Tax 486.4 558.8 798.9 1030.0 1354.2 1724.3 1747.3
Other Tax Revenue 481.8 550.1 628.2 717.5 819.4 935.5 1,067.7
Sub-Total 968.2 1,108.9 1,427.1 1,747.4 2,173.6 2,659.8 2,815.0
B. NON-TAX REVENUE
Rent and Fees 68.8 78.2 89.1 101.5 115.8 132.1 150.9
Other Charges 177.4 198.5 222.6 250.2 281.6 317.7 358.9
External Revenue 804.6 917.7 1,046.9 1,194.3 1,362.6 1,554.6 1,773.9
Sub-Total 1050.8 1194.4 1358.6 1546.0 1760.0 2004.4 2283.7
REVENUE INCOME 2,019.0 2,303.4 2,785.7 3,293.4 3,933.6 4,664.3 5,098.7
REVENUE EXPENDITURE
General Supervision
and collection of
revenues
58.6 65.5 73.3 81.9 91.6 102.4 114.5
Other administrative
expenses
1,676.4 1,826.8 1,992.8 2,176.1 2,378.8 2,603.2 2,851.6
Debt Servicing 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0
New O&M 0.0 0.0 45.9 101.1 155.4 175.9
REVENUE
EXPENDITURE
1,798.0 1,955.3 2,129.0 2,367.0 2,634.5 2,924.0 3,205.0
SURPLUS/DEFICIT 221.0 348.1 656.7 926.4 1,299.0 1,740.3 1,893.7
CAPITAL INCOME
Existing General
Grants
674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2 802.6 831.0
Sub-Total 674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2 802.6 831.0
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
General Capital
Works
748.9 771.4 794.5 818.4 842.9 868.2 894.2
JNNURM Works 370.9 427.8 373.8 141.0 118.6
Sub-Total 748.9 771.4 1,165.4 1,246.1 1,216.7 1,009.2 1,012.8
SURPLUS / DEFICIT -74.4 -73.0 -442.3 -497.4 -441.5 -206.5 -181.8
Overall
Surplus/Deficit
146.6 275.1 214.4 429.0 857.5 1,533.8 1,711.9
Closing Balance 576 851 1,066 1,495 2,352 3,886 5,598


20-10

20.7 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR DELHI JAL BOARD

Based on the assumption for water and sewerage accounts the cash flow of DJB
has been projected for 2006-07 to 2011-12. The DJB cash flow shows a positive
closing balance with improvement in collection efficiency and enhancement of
user charges as presented in the table below and in Annex. 20-2. The revenue
income is 73 % of the total revenue account in FY 2011-12. The revenue income
has increased from Rs 663 Crore in FY 2005-06 to Rs 1969 Crore in FY 2011-12.

Table 20.5: Proposed Income and Expenditure Pattern of DJB
Description 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Opening
Balance
-4846.70 -5373.15 -5840.92 -6827.82 -7799.04 -8580.61 -9114.90
A. WATER ACCOUNT
Water
charges
425.00 488.75 562.06 775.65 891.99 1025.79 1415.59
NDMC
37.86 41.40 45.27 59.41 64.97 71.05 93.23
MES
11.25 12.37 13.59 17.93 19.71 21.67 28.58
Misc. Income
32.09 36.90 42.44 58.57 67.35 77.45 106.89
Non-Plan
Assistance
157.00 162.00 167.00 179.00 300.00 400.00 325.00
REVENUE
INCOME
663.20 741.42 830.37 1090.56 1344.03 1595.96 1969.29
REVENUE EXPENDITURE
General
Administratio
n
662.94 726.12 797.32 877.64 968.34 1070.87 1186.87
Additional
O&M
0.00 0.00 0.00 117.42 238.45 334.75 402.94
Debt
Servicing
Existing
614.22 644.78 700.91 819.34 935.88 1029.67 1093.79
REVENUE
EXPENDTUR
E
1277.16 1370.90 1498.23 1814.40 2142.67 2435.29 2683.59
SURPLUS/DE
FICIT
-613.96 -629.48 -667.86 -723.85 -798.65 -839.33 -714.30
CAPITAL INCOME
General
Receipts
805.30 925.14 1062.91 1221.33 1403.47 1612.91 1853.73
SUB-TOTAL 805.30 925.14 1062.91 1221.33 1403.47 1612.91 1853.73
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
General
Works
717.79 763.42 811.96 863.57 918.47 976.86 1038.96
Water
Supply-
jnNURM
267.50 257.50 165.15 83.50 50.00

20-11

Description 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Sewerage-
jnNURM
302.50 347.63 302.77 247.51 187.50
SUB-TOTAL 717.79 763.42 1381.96 1468.70 1386.39 1307.87 1276.46
SURPLUS/DE
FICIT
-526.45 -467.77 -986.91 -971.22 -781.57 -534.29 -137.03
Closing
Balance
-5373.15 -5840.92 -6827.82 -7799.04 -8580.61 -9114.90 -9251.94

20.8 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR NDMC

New Delhi Municipal Council is a revenue surplus local body, with further scope
of improvement of resources through reforms suggested in the above section.
The NDMC cash flow shows positive closing balance with improvement in
collection efficiency and enhancement of user charges as presented in table
below and in Annex. 20-3.

Table 20.6: Proposed Income and Expenditure Pattern of NDMC
Description
2005-
06
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Opening
Balance
631.30 856.6 1094.2 1315.8 1532.2 1756.8 2022.2
A. TAX REVENUE
Property
Tax
154.11 161.12 168.69 176.91 185.84 195.59 206.26
Other Tax
Revenue
17.03 18.79 20.73 22.87 25.23 27.83 30.71
Sub-Total 171.14 179.91 189.42 199.78 211.07 223.42 236.97
B. NON-TAX REVENUE
Rent and
Fees
2.32 2.44 2.58 2.73 2.90 3.09 3.29
Other
Charges
894.67 948.38 1007.72 1073.48 1146.55 1227.93 1318.80
External
Revenue
53.23 61.09 70.12 80.49 92.42 106.14 121.91
Sub-Total 950 1012 1080 1157 1242 1338 1444
REVENUE
INCOME
1121 1192 1270 1356 1453 1561 1681
REVENUE EXPENDITURE
General
Administrati
ve expenses
258.12 291.80 329.88 372.93 421.59 476.60 538.79
Other
expenses
732.67 761.67 792.47 825.27 860.29 897.77 937.99
New O&M 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 3.1 5.3 7.3

20-12

Description
2005-
06
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
New Debt
Servicing
0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9
REVENUE
EXPENDITU
RE
990.8 1053.4 1122.3 1214.24 1299.68 1394.37 1498.79
SURPLUS/D
EFICIT
130.56 138.33 147.48 142.24 153.25 166.19 182.16
CAPITAL INCOME
NDMC
Contributio
n
0.00 0.00 12.21 13.10 17.09 9.32 9.16
Other
Contributio
n
25.51 27.98 30.78 33.96 37.57 41.67 25.51
Sub-Total 23.33 25.51 58.50 63.53 76.68 60.87 64.57
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
General
Capital
Works
35.77 39.08 49.32 56.34 62.89 67.34 71.06
SURPLUS/D
EFICIT
225.35 237.59 245.63 228.14 243.61 265.03 293.26
Closing
Balance
856.6 1094.2 1339.86 1568.00 1811.61 2076.64 2369.90

20.9 CONCLUSION

By undertaking prudent fiscal measures and reforms the MCD is able to enhance
its revenue from the current level of Rs. 2,019 Crore to Rs. 5,099 Crore in 2011-
12, out of which income from tax sources amounts to 34 %. In this scenario, it is
able to meet the O&M cost of the assets created under NURM.

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Part I: Revnue Income and Expenditure
OPENING BALANCE 0.2 139.6 146.0 128.0 204.5 115.6
Revenue Receipts
A Internal Revenues
1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas 15.00
Rev. in UAM
every 3 yrs
558.9 613.1 687.0 704.1 768.9 575.8
2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals 23.25 15.00 % 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.1
3 Theater Tax -9.36 3.00 % 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1
4 Tax on Advertisement 21.28 15.00 % 6.9 7.6 8.5 10.4 11.6 17.5
5 Tax on Building Permission 113.20 15.00 % 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.9 1.1
6 Toll tax 11.49 11.49 % 46.3 50.7 56.9 54.0 68.0 78.1
7 Duty on Transfer of Property 21.75 15.00 % 64.3 70.5 79.0 113.0 143.4 167.9
8 Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity 27.68 15.00 % 54.6 59.9 67.1 75.9 84.4 162.5
Sub Total- A1 732.6 803.6 900.4 958.5 1,080.3 1,004.0
A2 Rents and Fees
1 Fines and Process Fee 26.39 15.00 % 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.6 6.7 8.9
2 Education Fee 14.15 14.15 % 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3
3 Fines for Cattle Pounds -12.82 3.00 % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1
4 Fees from Hospitals 4.64 4.64 % 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2
5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses -5.28 3.00 % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.2 0.3
6 Tehbazari fee etc 320.86 15.00 % 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 3.8 28.2
28.74 15.00 % 3.8 4.2 4.1 8.0 8.3 11.4
8 Special Registration for Trades 2.56 3.00 % 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.0 3.8
9
Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning 14.14 14.14 % 3.1 4.8 3.2 4.2 4.9 5.0
10 Miscellaneous -11.95 3.00 % 3.8 3.9 4.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
Sub Total- A2 18.5 21.6 20.6 27.7 31.7 60.5
A3 Others
1 Development Charges -2.34 3.00 % 13.7 15.0 13.9 3.8 6.0 6.0
2 Road Restoration Charges -19.85 3.00 % 38.5 42.2 64.5 41.7 17.1 5.6
3 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes 252.19 15.00 % 0.0 0.0 3.1 24.8 62.6 9.8
4 Others 23.87 15.00 % 82.3 89.0 158.7 129.0 39.4 87.0
Sub Total- A3 134.5 146.2 240.2 199.3 125.1 108.4
Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3) 885.5 971.3 1,161.2 1,185.5 1,237.1 1,172.9
B External Revenues
1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 13.08 13.08 % 190.0 227.5 247.9 296.8 295.3 347.0
2 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant 43.19 15.00 % 103.3 94.0 101.5 117.2 119.7 358.4
3 Ways and Means Advance -45.14 0.00 % 180.0 80.0 60.0 60.0 0.0 310.0
Sub Total- B 473.3 401.5 409.4 474.0 415.0 1,015.4
Grand Total Receipts 1,358.9 1,372.8 1,570.7 1,659.5 1,652.1 2,188.4
Revenue Expenditure
Rs Crore
Current
Proposed
Growth
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan
Actuals
Unit Head of Account
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Rs Crore
Current
Proposed
Growth
Actuals
1 General Supervision, collection of revenues 11.81 11.81 % 38.2 48.0 53.2 53.1 56.1 65.7
2 Education 4.55 4.55 % 372.0 338.9 333.2 369.4 390.8 455.9
3 Libraries 7.47 7.47 % 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.3
4 Public Health 4.66 4.66 % 39.0 37.4 37.7 39.2 40.9 48.4
5 Medical Relief 8.91 8.91 % 125.4 124.5 127.5 147.1 166.2 190.3
6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning 7.88 7.88 % 260.2 263.4 276.0 299.0 334.8 378.6
7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers -14.91 3.00 % 73.4 11.1 8.8 11.4 11.2 11.6
8 Roads and Public Lighting 11.92 11.92 % 121.3 107.7 154.7 132.0 152.3 192.6
9 Markets and Slaughter Houses 6.60 6.60 % 3.2 3.3 2.7 4.9 4.5 3.3
10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments 3.13 3.13 % 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3
11 Gardens and Open Spaces 7.49 7.49 % 58.2 61.9 65.1 63.9 69.8 82.7
12 Development Charges 33.92 15.00 % 3.1 4.4 3.8 2.7 2.1 6.1
13 Miscellaneous 13.39 13.39 % 239.7 337.6 479.0 443.1 396.6 405.4
14 Building Land Acquisition and Management
7.65 7.65 % 21.9 24.1 22.3 21.8 26.8 30.9
15 Reserves for unforeseen 235.01 15.00 % 0.0 7.6 3.8 33.5 22.4 75.3
B. Debt Servicing
1 Debt Servicing-Existing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2
Debt Servicing- loan component of JNNURM (funds
received from Center & State - to be ploughed back
into revolving fund)
C. Additional O&M
1 Additional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM
investment
Grand Total Expenditure 1,358.9 1,372.8 1,570.6 1,624.1 1,677.7 1,950.5
-0.1 0.0 0.0 35.4 -25.6 237.9 REVENUE ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT)
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Rs Crore
Current
Proposed
Growth
Actuals
Part II: Capital Income and Expenditure
Capital Receipts
A Grants
1 Exisitng General Grants 3.54 3.54 % 0.0 515.0 549.5 629.2 600.5 651.5
2 Grant-cum-soft loan from State Government -
JNNURM()
3 Grant-cum-soft loan from Central Government -
JNNURM()
Total- Grants 0.0 515.0 549.5 629.2 600.5 651.5
B Loans
1 Exisitng General Loans 17.68 15.00 % 0.0 62.9 69.9 105.1 112.8 151.8
2
Loan from Financial Institutions-JNNURM (expenses
will be meet from internal revenues)
Total- Loans 0.0 62.9 69.9 105.1 112.8 151.8
Grand Total Capital Income 0.0 577.9 619.4 734.2 713.2 803.3
Capital Expenditure
1 General Capital Works 2.79 3.00 0.0 596.3 612.6 693.3 776.4 727.1
2 Solid Waste Management
3 Roads
4 Heritage Conservation
5 Slum and Poverty Alleivation
6 City Environment
7 Storm Water Drainage
Grand Total Capital Expenditure 0.0 596.3 612.6 693.3 776.4 727.1
0.0 -18.3 6.7 41.0 -63.2 76.2
-0.1 -18.3 6.7 76.4 -88.8 314.1
CLOSING BALANCE 0 121 153 204 116 430
Opening Balance 0.2 139.6 146.0 128.0 204.5 115.6
Receipts
1 Revenue Account 1,358.9 1,372.8 1,570.7 1,659.5 1,652.1 2,188.4
2 Capital Account 0.0 577.9 619.4 734.2 713.2 803.3
Grand Municipal Income 1,358.9 1,950.8 2,190.0 2,393.7 2,365.3 2,991.7
Expenditure
1 Revenue Account 1,358.9 1,372.8 1,570.6 1,624.1 1,677.7 1,950.5
2 Capital Account 0.0 596.3 612.6 693.3 776.4 727.1
CAPITAL ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT)
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Rs Crore
Current
Proposed
Growth
Actuals
Grand Municipal Expenditure 1,358.9 1,969.1 2,183.3 2,317.3 2,454.2 2,677.6
Closing Balance 0.1 121.3 152.7 204.5 115.6 429.7
1 Operating Ratio 1.0 1.00 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9
2 Capital Utilisation Ratio - 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9
3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
* - Figures not available
(3) Receipt of Ways and Means advance from theState Government ahs been assumed
to be Nil. However, any Shortage on the over all accout would be met through Ways &
Means advance.
(2) It has been assumed that interest on Loan is being waived and hence not considered for debt s
(1) Figures shown as zero since project expenditure figures relate only to ULB
contribution (50 %) of total project cost.In actual fact, balance 50% of project costs will
be met through grant-cum-loan from the Central and State Governments
OPENING BALANCE
Revenue Receipts
A Internal Revenues
Rev. in UAM
every 3 yrs
2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals 23.25 15.00 %
3 Theater Tax -9.36 3.00 %
4 Tax on Advertisement 21.28 15.00 %
5 Tax on Building Permission 113.20 15.00 %
6 Toll tax 11.49 11.49 %
7 Duty on Transfer of Property 21.75 15.00 %
8 Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity 27.68 15.00 %
Sub Total- A1
A2 Rents and Fees
1 Fines and Process Fee 26.39 15.00 %
2 Education Fee 14.15 14.15 %
3 Fines for Cattle Pounds -12.82 3.00 %
4 Fees from Hospitals 4.64 4.64 %
5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses -5.28 3.00 %
6 Tehbazari fee etc 320.86 15.00 %
28.74 15.00 %
8 Special Registration for Trades 2.56 3.00 %
9
Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning 14.14 14.14 %
10 Miscellaneous -11.95 3.00 %
Sub Total- A2
A3 Others
1 Development Charges -2.34 3.00 %
2 Road Restoration Charges -19.85 3.00 %
3 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes 252.19 15.00 %
4 Others 23.87 15.00 %
Sub Total- A3
B External Revenues
1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 13.08 13.08 %
2 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant 43.19 15.00 %
3 Ways and Means Advance -45.14 0.00 %
Sub Total- B
Revenue Expenditure
Current
Proposed
Growth
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
429.7 576.3 851.4 1,065.8 1,494.8
486.4 558.8 798.9 1030.0 1354.2
1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2
0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
12.0 12.9 14.0 15.0 15.9
1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8
87.0 97.0 108.2 120.6 134.5
193.1 222.1 255.4 293.7 337.8
186.8 214.9 247.1 284.1 326.8
968.2 1,108.9 1,427.1 1,747.4 2,173.6
10.2 11.8 13.5 15.6 17.9
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
32.5 37.3 42.9 49.4 56.8
13.1 15.1 17.3 19.9 22.9
3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4
5.7 6.6 7.5 8.5 9.7
1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5
68.8 78.2 89.1 101.5 115.8
10.0 10.3 10.6 11.0 11.3
36.0 37.0 38.2 39.3 40.5
19.2 22.1 25.4 29.2 33.6
112.2 129.0 148.4 170.7 196.2
177.4 198.5 222.6 250.2 281.6
1,214.4 1,385.7 1,738.8 2,099.1 2,571.0
392.4 443.7 501.8 567.4 641.7
412.2 474.0 545.1 626.9 720.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
804.6 917.7 1,046.9 1,194.3 1,362.6
2,019.0 2,303.4 2,785.7 3,293.4 3,933.6
Current
Proposed
Growth
1 General Supervision, collection of revenues 11.81 11.81 %
2 Education 4.55 4.55 %
3 Libraries 7.47 7.47 %
4 Public Health 4.66 4.66 %
5 Medical Relief 8.91 8.91 %
6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning 7.88 7.88 %
7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers -14.91 3.00 %
8 Roads and Public Lighting 11.92 11.92 %
9 Markets and Slaughter Houses 6.60 6.60 %
10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments 3.13 3.13 %
11 Gardens and Open Spaces 7.49 7.49 %
12 Development Charges 33.92 15.00 %
13 Miscellaneous 13.39 13.39 %
7.65 7.65 %
15 Reserves for unforeseen 235.01 15.00 %
B. Debt Servicing
1 Debt Servicing-Existing
2
C. Additional O&M
investment
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
58.6 65.5 73.3 81.9 91.6
393.8 411.7 430.5 450.0 470.5
1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3
42.3 44.3 46.4 48.5 50.8
159.9 174.2 189.7 206.6 225.0
325.8 351.5 379.1 409.0 441.2
21.9 22.6 23.2 23.9 24.7
160.5 179.7 201.1 225.1 251.9
3.9 4.1 4.4 4.7 5.0
2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6
71.9 77.3 83.1 89.3 96.0
4.3 4.9 5.6 6.5 7.5
434.9 493.2 559.2 634.1 719.0
26.5 28.5 30.7 33.1 35.6
27.3 31.4 36.2 41.6 47.8
63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 45.9 101.1
1,798.0 1,955.3 2,129.0 2,367.0 2,634.5
221.0 348.1 656.7 926.4 1,299.0
Current
Proposed
Growth
Capital Receipts
A Grants
1 Exisitng General Grants 3.54 3.54 %
JNNURM()
JNNURM()
Total- Grants
B Loans
1 Exisitng General Loans 17.68 15.00 %
2
Total- Loans
Grand Total Capital Income
Capital Expenditure
1 General Capital Works 2.79 3.00
3 Roads
6 City Environment
Grand Total Capital Expenditure
CLOSING BALANCE
Opening Balance
Receipts
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
Expenditure
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2
748.9 771.4 794.5 818.4 842.9
12.8 8.0 6.3
180.0 282.2 267.7
5.6 19.1 36.8
145.0 86.0 55.0
15.0 15.5 0.0
12.5 17.0 8.0
748.9 771.4 1,165.4 1,246.1 1,216.7
-74.4 -73.0 -442.3 -497.4 -441.5
146.6 275.1 214.4 429.0 857.5
576 851 1,066 1,495 2,352
2,019.0 2,303.4 2,785.7 3,293.4 3,933.6
674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2,693.5 3,001.8 3,508.8 4,042.1 4,708.8
1,798.0 1,955.3 2,129.0 2,367.0 2,634.5
748.9 771.4 1,165.4 1,246.1 1,216.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Current
Proposed
Growth
Closing Balance
1 Operating Ratio
3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.*
4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment*
5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.*
Means advance.
(2) It has been assumed that interest on Loan is being waived and hence not considered
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
2,546.9 2,726.7 3,294.4 3,613.1 3,851.3
576.3 851.4 1,065.8 1,494.8 2,352.3
0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7
1.1 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.6
OPENING BALANCE
Revenue Receipts
A Internal Revenues
Rev. in UAM
every 3 yrs
3 Theater Tax -9.36 3.00 %
6 Toll tax 11.49 11.49 %
Sub Total- A1
A2 Rents and Fees
28.74 15.00 %
9
Sub Total- A2
A3 Others
4 Others 23.87 15.00 %
Sub Total- A3
B External Revenues
Sub Total- B
Revenue Expenditure
Current
Proposed
Growth
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
2,352.3 3,886.1 5,598.0 7,552.92 9,871.27
1724.3 1747.3 1686.4 1828.4 1814.8
2.6 2.9 3.4 3.9 4.5
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6
16.7 16.6 17.5 18.3 19.2
1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
149.9 167.2 186.4 207.8 231.7
388.4 446.7 513.7 590.8 679.4
375.8 432.1 497.0 571.5 657.2
2,659.8 2,815.0 2,906.6 3,223.1 3,409.3
20.6 23.7 27.2 31.3 36.0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
65.3 75.1 86.4 99.3 114.2
26.4 30.3 34.9 40.1 46.1
4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1
11.1 12.7 14.5 16.5 18.9
1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7
132.1 150.9 172.4 197.1 225.5
11.6 12.0 12.3 12.7 13.1
41.7 42.9 44.2 45.6 46.9
38.7 44.5 51.1 58.8 67.6
225.7 259.5 298.5 343.2 394.7
317.7 358.9 406.2 460.3 522.4
3,109.6 3,324.8 3,485.2 3,880.6 4,157.2
725.6 820.5 927.9 1049.3 1186.5
829.0 953.4 1096.4 1260.9 1450.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,554.6 1,773.9 2,024.3 2,310.1 2,636.5
4,664.3 5,098.7 5,509.5 6,190.7 6,793.7
Forecast
Rs Crore
Current
Proposed
Growth
2 Education 4.55 4.55 %
3 Libraries 7.47 7.47 %
7.65 7.65 %
B. Debt Servicing
2
C. Additional O&M
investment
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Forecast
Rs Crore
102.4 114.5 128.0 143.1 160.0
491.9 514.3 537.6 562.1 587.6
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9
53.1 55.6 58.2 60.9 63.8
245.0 266.9 290.7 316.6 344.8
476.0 513.5 553.9 597.6 644.6
25.4 26.2 26.9 27.7 28.6
281.9 315.5 353.1 395.2 442.3
5.3 5.7 6.1 6.5 6.9
2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0
103.2 111.0 119.3 128.2 137.8
8.6 9.9 11.3 13.0 15.0
815.3 924.4 1,048.2 1,188.6 1,347.7
38.3 41.3 44.4 47.8 51.5
55.0 63.2 72.7 83.6 96.2
63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0
0.0 0.0 205.0 205.0 205.0
155.4 175.9 175.9 175.9 175.9
2,924.0 3,205.0 3,698.9 4,019.6 4,375.6
1,740.3 1,893.7 2,015.5 2,376.2 2,623.0
Current
Proposed
Growth
Capital Receipts
A Grants
JNNURM()
JNNURM()
Total- Grants
B Loans
2
Total- Loans
Capital Expenditure
3 Roads
6 City Environment
CLOSING BALANCE
Opening Balance
Receipts
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
Expenditure
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Forecast
Rs Crore
802.6 831.0 860.4 890.9 922.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
802.6 831.0 860.4 890.9 922.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
802.6 831.0 860.4 890.9 922.4
868.2 894.2 921.1 948.7 977.2
6.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
113.5 109.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.7 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.0 0.0
1,009.2 1,012.8 921.1 948.7 977.2
-206.5 -181.8 -60.6 -57.8 -54.7
1,533.8 1,711.9 1,954.9 2,318.4 2,568.3
3,886 5,598 7,553 9,871 12,440
4,664.3 5,098.7 5,509.5 6,190.7 6,793.7
802.6 831.0 860.4 890.9 922.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5,466.9 5,929.8 6,369.9 7,081.6 7,716.1
2,924.0 3,205.0 3,698.9 4,019.6 4,375.6
1,009.2 1,012.8 921.1 948.7 977.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Current
Proposed
Growth
Closing Balance
1 Operating Ratio
Means advance.
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Forecast
Rs Crore
3,933.1 4,217.9 4,620.0 4,968.3 5,352.8
3,886.1 5,598.0 7,552.9 9,871.3 12,439.6
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1
OPENING BALANCE
Revenue Receipts
A Internal Revenues
Rev. in UAM
every 3 yrs
3 Theater Tax -9.36 3.00 %
6 Toll tax 11.49 11.49 %
Sub Total- A1
A2 Rents and Fees
28.74 15.00 %
9
Sub Total- A2
A3 Others
4 Others 23.87 15.00 %
Sub Total- A3
B External Revenues
Sub Total- B
Revenue Expenditure
Current
Proposed
Growth
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
12,439.57 15,320.22 18,810.23 22,831.57
1814.5 2053.9 2085.6 2124.2
5.1 5.9 6.8 7.8
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
20.0 20.8 21.5 22.5
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
258.3 288.0 321.1 358.0
781.3 898.5 1033.3 1188.3
755.8 869.2 999.6 1149.5
3,637.6 4,138.9 4,470.6 4,853.1
41.4 47.6 54.7 62.9
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
131.3 151.0 173.7 199.8
53.1 61.0 70.2 80.7
5.3 5.4 5.6 5.7
21.5 24.6 28.1 32.0
1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
258.1 295.4 338.4 387.7
13.5 13.9 14.3 14.7
48.3 49.8 51.3 52.8
77.8 89.5 102.9 118.3
453.9 522.0 600.3 690.4
593.5 675.2 768.8 876.2
4,489.2 5,109.5 5,577.8 6,117.0
1341.7 1517.3 1715.8 1940.2
1667.5 1917.6 2205.3 2536.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3,009.2 3,434.9 3,921.0 4,476.3
7,498.5 8,544.4 9,498.8 10,593.3
Current
Proposed
Growth
2 Education 4.55 4.55 %
3 Libraries 7.47 7.47 %
7.65 7.65 %
B. Debt Servicing
2
C. Additional O&M
investment
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
178.9 200.1 223.7 250.1
614.4 642.3 671.5 702.0
2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5
66.7 69.8 73.1 76.5
375.5 409.0 445.4 485.1
695.4 750.2 809.3 873.1
29.4 30.3 31.2 32.2
495.0 554.0 620.1 694.0
7.4 7.8 8.4 8.9
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
148.1 159.2 171.1 184.0
17.3 19.8 22.8 26.2
1,528.2 1,732.9 1,964.9 2,228.0
55.4 59.6 64.2 69.1
110.6 127.2 146.3 168.2
63.0 63.0 0.0 0.0
205.0 205.0 205.0 202.0
175.9 175.9 175.9 175.9
4,771.4 5,211.6 5,638.6 6,181.3
2,932.1 3,537.8 4,065.2 4,614.1
Current
Proposed
Growth
Capital Receipts
A Grants
JNNURM()
JNNURM()
Total- Grants
B Loans
2
Total- Loans
Capital Expenditure
3 Roads
6 City Environment
CLOSING BALANCE
Opening Balance
Receipts
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
Expenditure
1 Revenue Account
2 Capital Account
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
955.1 988.9 1023.9 1060.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
955.1 988.9 1,023.9 1,060.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
955.1 988.9 1,023.9 1,060.1
1006.5 1036.7 1067.8 1099.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,006.5 1,036.7 1,067.8 1,099.8
-51.4 -47.8 -43.9 -39.7
2,880.7 3,490.0 4,021.3 4,574.4
15,320 18,810 22,832 27,406
7,498.5 8,544.4 9,498.8 10,593.3
955.1 988.9 1,023.9 1,060.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8,453.6 9,533.3 10,522.7 11,653.4
4,771.4 5,211.6 5,638.6 6,181.3
1,006.5 1,036.7 1,067.8 1,099.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Current
Proposed
Growth
Closing Balance
1 Operating Ratio
Means advance.
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
5,777.9 6,248.3 6,706.3 7,281.1
15,320.2 18,810.2 22,831.6 27,405.9
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0
Delhi Jal Board - Financial Plan (On Accrual Basis)
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Opening Balance -3088.42 -3646.58 -3842.26 -4309.54 -4846.70 -5373.15 -5840.92
Revenue Receipts
A Water & Sewage Supply
1 Water charges 8.68 15.00% % 177.70 190.10 166.59 206.45 425.00 488.75 562.06
2 NDMC 9.35 9.35% % 26.12 30.31 25.90 34.65 37.86 41.40 45.27
3 MES 9.93 9.93% % 7.65 7.08 7.56 10.30 11.25 12.37 13.59
4
Misc. Income 113.15 15.00% % 2.94 3.31 41.82 29.51 32.09 36.90 42.44
5 Non-Plan Assistance 14.34 % 190.00 610.64 301.00 284.00 157.00 162.00 167.00
TOTAL REVENUE INCOME 404.41 841.44 542.87 564.91 663.20 741.42 830.37
Revenue Expenditure
A. General Administration
1 Establishment 13.79 13.79% % 161.57 177.66 192.49 238.07 270.91 308.28 350.80
2 Other adminstrative Expenses 172.95 15.00% % 0.00 0.00 10.80 29.49 80.49 92.57 106.45
3 Power 2.00 3.00% % 222.41 271.14 224.36 236.00 240.71 247.93 255.37
4 Repair & Maintenance -16.28 3.00% % 26.85 22.09 21.71 15.76 13.19 13.59 14.00
5 General Stores and Chemicals 4.44 4.44% % 14.99 14.21 15.84 17.08 17.84 18.63 19.46
6 Cost of Raw Water 56.97 15.00% % 5.69 7.38 22.94 22.00 34.53 39.71 45.67
8 Property Tax -52.14 3.00% % 45.62 75.87 27.23 5.00 2.39 2.46 2.54
9 Cess -5.16 3.00% % 3.54 3.78 0.00 3.02 2.86 2.95 3.04
B. Additional O&M
1 Additional O&M for New assets 0.00 0.00
C. Debt Servicing
1 Debt Servicing-Existing 10.57 10.57% % 410.97 499.14 509.88 555.52 614.22 644.78 700.91
2 Debt Servicing-Proposed
TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE 891.64 1071.28 1025.26 1121.94 1277.16 1370.90 1498.23
Status- Surplus/Deficit -487.22 -229.84 -482.39 -557.03 -613.96 -629.48 -667.86
Capital Receipts
A. Grants
1 General Grants -49.35 3.00% % 60.02 58.15 7.50 7.80 8.03 8.28 8.52
2 Central Government Grants-JNNURM 0.0
3 State Government Grants-JNNURM 0.0
Annexure 20-2
Actual
Capital Account
Revenue Account
Rs in Crore
Head of Account Current Proposed Unit
1
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Annexure 20-2
Actual
Rs in Crore
B. Loans
1 General Receipts 16.06 15.00% % 439.45 570.45 601.23 686.96 797.27 916.86 1054.39
2 Water Supply-JNNURM
3 Sewerage-JNNURM
4 Others
Total Capital Receipts 499.47 628.60 608.73 694.76 805.30 925.14 1062.91
Capital Expenditure
1 General Works 6.36 6.36% % 570.41 594.44 593.62 674.89 717.79 763.42 811.96
2 Water Supply-JNNURM 267.50
3 Sewerage-JNNURM 302.50
4 Others
Total Capital Expenditure 570.41 594.44 593.62 674.89 717.79 763.42 1381.96
Status- Surplus/Deficit -70.94 34.16 15.11 19.87 87.51 161.71 -319.04
OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS -558.16 -195.68 -467.28 -537.16 -526.45 -467.77 -986.91
Closing Balance -3646.58 -3842.26 -4309.54 -4846.70 -5373.15 -5840.92 -6827.82
NOTES ON ASSUMPTIONS:
1 The non-Plan assistance has been worked out with a view to meeting
the deficit between the Revenue Income and Revenue Expenditure.
2
Opening Balance
Revenue Receipts
1 Water charges 8.68 15.00% %
2 NDMC 9.35 9.35% %
3 MES 9.93 9.93% %
4
Misc. Income 113.15 15.00% %
5 Non-Plan Assistance 14.34 %
Revenue Expenditure
1 Establishment 13.79 13.79% %
2 Other adminstrative Expenses 172.95 15.00% %
3 Power 2.00 3.00% %
4 Repair & Maintenance -16.28 3.00% %
5 General Stores and Chemicals 4.44 4.44% %
6 Cost of Raw Water 56.97 15.00% %
8 Property Tax -52.14 3.00% %
9 Cess -5.16 3.00% %
B. Additional O&M
1 Additional O&M for New assets
C. Debt Servicing
1 Debt Servicing-Existing 10.57 10.57% %
Capital Receipts
A. Grants
1 General Grants -49.35 3.00% %
2 Central Government Grants-JNNURM
3 State Government Grants-JNNURM
Annexure 20-2
Capital Account
Revenue Account
Head of Account Current Proposed Unit 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
-6827.82 -7799.04 -8580.61 -9114.90 -9251.94 -8851.48 -8030.38
775.65 891.99 1025.79 1415.59 1627.93 1872.12 2583.53
59.41 64.97 71.05 93.23 101.95 111.49 146.30
17.93 19.71 21.67 28.58 31.42 34.54 45.56
58.57 67.35 77.45 106.89 122.92 141.36 195.07
179.00 300.00 400.00 325.00 322.00 320.00 127.00
1090.56 1344.03 1595.96 1969.29 2206.23 2479.51 3097.47
399.18 454.25 516.90 588.20 669.33 761.66 866.72
122.42 140.78 161.90 186.19 214.11 246.23 283.17
263.03 270.92 279.05 287.42 296.05 304.93 314.07
14.42 14.85 15.30 15.76 16.23 16.71 17.22
20.32 21.23 22.17 23.15 24.18 25.25 26.38
52.52 60.40 69.46 79.88 91.86 105.64 121.48
2.61 2.69 2.77 2.86 2.94 3.03 3.12
3.13 3.22 3.32 3.42 3.52 3.63 3.74
117.42 238.45 334.75 402.94 402.94 402.94 402.94
819.34 935.88 1029.67 1093.79 1110.23 1062.18 963.65
1814.40 2142.67 2435.29 2683.59 2831.39 2932.19 3002.47
-723.85 -798.65 -839.33 -714.30 -625.17 -452.69 94.99
8.78 9.04 9.31 9.59 9.88 10.18 10.48
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rs in Crore
Forecast
3
Annexure 20-2
B. Loans
1 General Receipts 16.06 15.00% %
3 Sewerage-JNNURM
4 Others
Capital Expenditure
1 General Works 6.36 6.36% %
3 Sewerage-JNNURM
4 Others
Closing Balance
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Rs in Crore
Forecast
1212.55 1394.43 1603.59 1844.13 2120.75 2438.87 2804.70
1221.33 1403.47 1612.91 1853.73 2130.63 2449.04 2815.18
863.57 918.47 976.86 1038.96 1105.01 1175.26 1249.97
257.50 165.15 83.50 50.00
347.63 302.77 247.51 187.50
1468.70 1386.39 1307.87 1276.46 1105.01 1175.26 1249.97
-247.37 17.08 305.04 577.27 1025.63 1273.79 1565.21
-971.22 -781.57 -534.29 -137.03 400.46 821.10 1660.21
-7799.04 -8580.61 -9114.90 -9251.94 -8851.48 -8030.38 -6370.17
4
Opening Balance
Revenue Receipts
1 Water charges 8.68 15.00% %
2 NDMC 9.35 9.35% %
3 MES 9.93 9.93% %
4
Misc. Income 113.15 15.00% %
5 Non-Plan Assistance 14.34 %
Revenue Expenditure
1 Establishment 13.79 13.79% %
2 Other adminstrative Expenses 172.95 15.00% %
3 Power 2.00 3.00% %
4 Repair & Maintenance -16.28 3.00% %
5 General Stores and Chemicals 4.44 4.44% %
6 Cost of Raw Water 56.97 15.00% %
8 Property Tax -52.14 3.00% %
9 Cess -5.16 3.00% %
B. Additional O&M
1 Additional O&M for New assets
C. Debt Servicing
1 Debt Servicing-Existing 10.57 10.57% %
Capital Receipts
A. Grants
1 General Grants -49.35 3.00% %
2 Central Government Grants-JNNURM
3 State Government Grants-JNNURM
Annexure 20-2
Capital Account
Revenue Account
Head of Account Current Proposed Unit 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
-6370.17 -3932.75 -531.48 4856.23 11943.51 19669.28
2971.06 3416.72 4715.07 5422.33 6235.68 8605.24
159.99 174.96 229.59 251.06 274.55 360.28
50.09 55.06 72.63 79.84 87.76 115.77
224.33 257.98 356.02 409.42 470.83 649.75
120.00 110.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3525.47 4014.71 5373.30 6162.65 7068.82 9731.03
986.27 1122.31 1277.12 1453.27 1653.73 1881.84
325.64 374.49 430.66 495.26 569.55 654.98
323.50 333.20 343.20 353.49 364.10 375.02
17.73 18.26 18.81 19.38 19.96 20.56
27.55 28.77 30.05 31.38 32.78 34.23
139.70 160.66 184.76 212.47 244.34 280.99
3.22 3.31 3.41 3.51 3.62 3.73
3.85 3.96 4.08 4.21 4.33 4.46
402.94 402.94 402.94 402.94 402.94 402.94
764.42 471.93 63.78 -582.75
2994.81 2919.84 2758.80 2393.17 3295.34 3658.75
530.65 1094.88 2614.50 3769.48 3773.48 6072.28
10.80 11.12 11.45 11.80 12.15 12.52
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5
Annexure 20-2
B. Loans
1 General Receipts 16.06 15.00% %
3 Sewerage-JNNURM
4 Others
Capital Expenditure
1 General Works 6.36 6.36% %
3 Sewerage-JNNURM
4 Others
Closing Balance
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
3225.40 3709.21 4265.59 4905.43 5641.25 6487.44
3236.20 3720.33 4277.05 4917.23 5653.40 6499.95
1329.43 1413.94 1503.83 1599.43 1701.11 1809.25
1329.43 1413.94 1503.83 1599.43 1701.11 1809.25
1906.77 2306.39 2773.22 3317.80 3952.29 4690.70
2437.42 3401.26 5387.71 7087.28 7725.77 10762.98
-3932.75 -531.48 4856.23 11943.51 19669.28 30432.26
6
Annexure 20-3- New Delhi Municipal Council- Financial Plan
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Opening Balance 6.35 74.24 280.41
A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUE
Taxes:
House tax
Govt property 15.75 15.00 %
7.17 9.24 15.76 16.14
Private property 2.41 3.00 %
82.29 101.02 117.05 111.74
Theater Tax 37.21 15.00 %
0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01
Tax on Advertisement 35.32 15.00 % 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.08
Duty on Transfer of Property 10.23 10.23 %
7.10 6.10 5.58 7.95
Other Taxes 70.41 15.00 % 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02
Building related receipts 10.59 10.59 % 1.32 1.18 1.40 0.84
Fees & Fines:
Fines 26.51 15.00 % 0.14 0.07 0.26 0.21
Composition Fee 36.73 3.00 % 1.12 1.41 5.04 1.58
Sewer Connection fee -13.44 3.00 % 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.17
Compounding Fee -4.67 3.00 % 0.13 0.20 0.21 0.12
Inspection Fee -51.25 15.00 % 0.01 0.17 0.00 0.61
Others 103.93 3.00 % 0.06 0.06 0.40 0.06
Sub-Total (A) 99.47 119.67 145.89 139.54
B. OTHERS
Interest 99.81 15.00 % 30.28 24.55 32.53 27.43
Administrative Dept. 244.87 15.00 % 6.83 0.41 5.32 0.46
Social Services -8.81 3.00 % 4.24 3.43 3.31 3.43
Electricity -5.59 3.00 % 470.32 483.71 534.14 534.70
Water Supply 423225.00 15.00 % 0.00 2.02 0.00 15.02
Other Municipal works -5.38 3.00 % 94.23 97.14 112.40 97.92
Sub-Total (B) 605.89 611.26 687.71 678.96
In Rs. Crore
Actuals
Unit
Head of Account
Receipts
Current Proposed
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
In Rs. Crore Unit
Head of Account
Current Proposed
C. EXTERNAL REVENUE
Advances to Employees -15.64 3.00 % 1.56 1.46 1.29 1.38
External Asistance 20.91 15.00 % 12.39 15.53 17.10 15.60
Assigned Taxes 23.83 15.00 % 3.36 4.28 6.28 6.39
Sub-Total (C) 17.32 21.27 24.67 23.36
TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C) 722.68 752.20 858.27 841.86
Collection of Taxes & Duties 2.44 3.00 % 0.92 0.95 1.20 1.27
Interest -48.17 3.00 % 42.85 7.11 5.44 4.83
Administrative Dept 13.05 13.05 % 110.58 125.15 167.92 139.38
Education -2.98 3.00 % 38.88 37.74 39.38 43.53
Medical & Public Health 2.31 3.00 % 51.05 51.69 51.08 63.60
Animal Husbandry -7.64 3.00 % 0.38 0.40 0.46 0.40
Other social services -2.53 3.00 % 17.86 22.04 18.75 19.20
Palika Parking -17.10 3.00 % 0.88 0.87 0.68 0.57
Indoor Stadium 2.40 3.00 % 0.62 0.80 0.73 0.64
Night Shelters -23.75 3.00 % 0.43 0.31 0.35 0.39
Contribution to NDF -100.00 3.00 % 2.98 0.00 0.00 0.00
Electricity Supply 1.16 3.00 % 268.66 326.44 330.80 344.49
Water Supply -3.01 3.00 % 54.40 45.05 37.96 46.87
Roads 22.07 15.00 % 4.25 8.41 10.35 11.32
Other Municipal Works 4.15 4.15 % 55.36 52.18 58.09 61.59
Advances to Employees -22.66 3.00 % 1.44 1.43 1.04 0.94
External Assistance 37.08 15.00 % 40.23 12.25 10.46 7.34
B. Debt Servicing
Debt Servicing-Existing 0.0 0.0 0.0
Debt Servicing- Proposed
C. Additional O&M
Additional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM
investment
TOTAL EXPENDITURE 691.79 692.83 734.66 746.38
Expenditure
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
In Rs. Crore Unit
Head of Account
Current Proposed
Surplus/Deficit 30.89 59.37 123.61 95.48
External Assistance 35.79 15.00 % 6.98 8.02 6.72 13.57
Deposit Works -2.25 3.00 % 19.86 10.66 18.41 7.92
Contribution to NDMC %
Contribution State and Central %
TOTAL 26.83 18.68 25.13 21.49
Administrative Dept. 493.27 15.00 % 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.03
Education 1.19 3.00 % 1.27 1.27 1.16 1.24
Medical & Public Health 16.03 15.00 % 4.44 5.23 5.13 3.40
Animal Husbandry -100.00 3.00 % 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.00
Other Social Sevices -3.16 3.00 % 4.19 3.86 3.86 3.27
Electricity Supply 28.60 15.00 % 3.96 8.42 4.66 9.99
Water Supply 0.07 3.00 % 1.21 2.15 1.60 0.98
Roads 23.24 15.00 % 7.98 6.64 6.09 14.52
Other Municipal Works -3.98 3.00 % 16.76 11.02 10.33 15.56
Deposit Works -4.75 3.00 % 15.60 12.16 8.03 6.11
New Development Works
TOTAL 55.44 50.84 41.04 55.10
Surplus/Deficit -24.55 8.53 82.57 40.38
OVERALL ACCOUNTS 6.35 67.89 206.18 135.87
CLOSING BALANCE 6.35 74.24 280.41 416.28
Expenditure
Receipts
Opening Balance
Taxes:
House tax
Govt property 15.75 15.00
Private property 2.41 3.00
Theater Tax 37.21 15.00
Tax on Advertisement 35.32 15.00
Duty on Transfer of Property 10.23 10.23
Other Taxes 70.41 15.00
Building related receipts 10.59 10.59
Fees & Fines:
Fines 26.51 15.00
Composition Fee 36.73 3.00
Sewer Connection fee -13.44 3.00
Compounding Fee -4.67 3.00
Inspection Fee -51.25 15.00
Others 103.93 3.00
Sub-Total (A)
B. OTHERS
Interest 99.81 15.00
Administrative Dept. 244.87 15.00
Social Services -8.81 3.00
Electricity -5.59 3.00
Water Supply 423225.00 15.00
Other Municipal works -5.38 3.00
Sub-Total (B)
Head of Account
Receipts
Current Proposed
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
416.28 631.30 856.64 1094.23 1339.86
17.28 19.87 22.85 26.28 30.22
130.32 134.23 138.26 142.40 146.68
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.10 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17
13.28 14.63 16.13 17.78 19.60
0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06
2.02 2.24 2.47 2.73 3.02
0.16 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.28
1.59 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.79
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14
0.25 0.28 0.32 0.37 0.43
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08
165.24 173.45 182.34 191.99 202.50
178.94 205.78 236.65 272.15 312.97
1.28 1.47 1.69 1.94 2.23
4.17 4.30 4.42 4.56 4.69
537.34 553.46 570.06 587.16 604.78
14.46 16.63 19.12 21.99 25.29
109.75 113.04 116.43 119.93 123.52
845.93 894.67 948.38 1007.72 1073.48
Head of Account
Current Proposed
C. EXTERNAL REVENUE
Advances to Employees -15.64 3.00
External Asistance 20.91 15.00
Assigned Taxes 23.83 15.00
Sub-Total (C)
Collection of Taxes & Duties 2.44 3.00
Interest -48.17 3.00
Administrative Dept 13.05 13.05
Education -2.98 3.00
Medical & Public Health 2.31 3.00
Animal Husbandry -7.64 3.00
Other social services -2.53 3.00
Palika Parking -17.10 3.00
Indoor Stadium 2.40 3.00
Night Shelters -23.75 3.00
Contribution to NDF -100.00 3.00
Electricity Supply 1.16 3.00
Water Supply -3.01 3.00
Roads 22.07 15.00
Other Municipal Works 4.15 4.15
External Assistance 37.08 15.00
B. Debt Servicing
Debt Servicing-Existing
C. Additional O&M
investment
TOTAL EXPENDITURE
Expenditure
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
1.06 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.20
34.05 39.16 45.03 51.79 59.56
11.29 12.98 14.93 17.16 19.74
46.40 53.23 61.09 70.12 80.49
1057.57 1121.35 1191.80 1269.83 1356.47
1.33 1.37 1.41 1.45 1.50
1.89 1.94 2.00 2.06 2.12
228.33 258.12 291.80 329.88 372.93
45.72 47.09 48.50 49.95 51.45
73.51 75.71 77.99 80.32 82.73
0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39
20.57 21.19 21.82 22.48 23.15
0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.62
0.86 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.97
0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09
1.00 1.03 1.06 1.09 1.13
367.27 378.29 389.64 401.33 413.37
61.13 62.97 64.85 66.80 68.80
9.44 10.86 12.49 14.36 16.52
87.16 90.78 94.55 98.47 102.56
0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70
33.83 38.90 44.74 51.45 59.16
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14.7
0.0 0.0 1.3
933.65 990.79 1053.47 1122.35 1214.24
Head of Account
Current Proposed
Surplus/Deficit
Deposit Works -2.25 3.00
Contribution to NDMC
Contribution State and Central
TOTAL
Education 1.19 3.00
Other Social Sevices -3.16 3.00
Water Supply 0.07 3.00
Roads 23.24 15.00
Other Municipal Works -3.98 3.00
TOTAL
Surplus/Deficit
OVERALL ACCOUNTS
CLOSING BALANCE
Expenditure
Receipts
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
123.93 130.56 138.33 147.48 142.24
10.74 12.35 14.20 16.33 18.78
10.66 10.98 11.31 11.65 12.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
21.40 23.33 25.51 27.98 30.78
0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05
0.76 0.78 0.81 0.83 0.86
3.34 3.84 4.42 5.08 5.85
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.95 2.00 2.06 2.13 2.19
3.22 3.70 4.26 4.89 5.63
0.40 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45
9.61 11.05 12.71 14.62 16.81
7.80 8.03 8.27 8.52 8.78
5.74 5.91 6.08 6.27 6.46
0.00 6.50 9.27
32.84 35.77 39.08 49.32 56.34
91.08 94.79 99.25 98.15 85.90
215.01 225.35 237.59 245.63 228.14
631.30 856.64 1094.23 1339.86 1568.00
Opening Balance
Taxes:
House tax
Fees & Fines:
Fines 26.51 15.00
Others 103.93 3.00
Sub-Total (A)
B. OTHERS
Water Supply 423225.00 15.00
Sub-Total (B)
Head of Account
Receipts
Current Proposed
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
1568.00 1811.61 2076.64 2369.90 2701.92
34.75 39.97 45.96 52.85 60.78
151.08 155.61 160.28 165.08 170.04
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
0.20 0.23 0.26 0.30 0.35
21.60 23.81 26.25 28.93 31.89
0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12
3.34 3.70 4.09 4.52 5.00
0.32 0.37 0.42 0.49 0.56
1.85 1.90 1.96 2.02 2.08
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16
0.49 0.57 0.65 0.75 0.86
0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09
213.96 226.49 240.23 255.34 271.97
359.91 413.90 475.98 547.38 629.49
2.57 2.95 3.39 3.90 4.49
4.83 4.98 5.13 5.28 5.44
622.92 641.61 660.86 680.68 701.10
29.08 33.45 38.46 44.23 50.87
127.23 131.05 134.98 139.03 143.20
1146.55 1227.93 1318.80 1420.51 1534.59
Forecast
Head of Account
Current Proposed
C. EXTERNAL REVENUE
Sub-Total (C)
Roads 22.07 15.00
B. Debt Servicing
C. Additional O&M
investment
TOTAL EXPENDITURE
Expenditure
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
1.23 1.27 1.31 1.35 1.39
68.49 78.76 90.58 104.16 119.79
22.70 26.11 30.02 34.52 39.70
92.42 106.14 121.91 140.04 160.88
1452.93 1560.56 1680.95 1815.89 1967.44
1.54 1.59 1.64 1.69 1.74
2.19 2.25 2.32 2.39 2.46
421.59 476.60 538.79 609.09 688.57
53.00 54.59 56.22 57.91 59.65
85.22 87.77 90.41 93.12 95.91
0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.46
23.85 24.56 25.30 26.06 26.84
0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72
1.00 1.03 1.06 1.09 1.13
0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11
1.16 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.30
425.77 438.54 451.70 465.25 479.21
70.87 72.99 75.18 77.44 79.76
19.00 21.84 25.12 28.89 33.22
106.81 111.25 115.86 120.67 125.68
0.72 0.74 0.77 0.79 0.81
68.04 78.24 89.98 103.48 119.00
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7
3.1 5.3 7.3 9.5 9.5
1299.68 1394.37 1498.79 1614.56 1740.75
Head of Account
Current Proposed
Surplus/Deficit
TOTAL
Education 1.19 3.00
Roads 23.24 15.00
TOTAL
Surplus/Deficit
OVERALL ACCOUNTS
CLOSING BALANCE
Expenditure
Receipts
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
153.25 166.19 182.16 201.33 226.70
21.60 24.84 28.56 32.85 37.77
12.36 12.73 13.11 13.51 13.91
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
33.96 37.57 41.67 46.35 51.68
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10
0.88 0.91 0.94 0.96 0.99
6.72 7.73 8.89 10.22 11.76
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.25 2.32 2.39 2.46 2.54
6.47 7.44 8.56 9.84 11.32
0.47 0.48 0.50 0.51 0.53
19.33 22.23 25.57 29.40 33.81
9.04 9.31 9.59 9.88 10.17
6.65 6.85 7.05 7.27 7.48
11.01 10.00 7.50 0.00 0.00
62.89 67.34 71.06 70.64 78.71
90.36 98.84 111.10 130.69 147.99
243.61 265.03 293.26 332.01 374.69
1811.61 2076.64 2369.90 2701.92 3076.60
Opening Balance
Taxes:
House tax
Fees & Fines:
Fines 26.51 15.00
Others 103.93 3.00
Sub-Total (A)
B. OTHERS
Water Supply 423225.00 15.00
Sub-Total (B)
Head of Account
Receipts
Current Proposed
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
3076.60 3502.40 4018.75 4608.24 5285.10
69.90 80.38 92.44 106.31 122.25
175.14 180.39 185.80 191.38 197.12
0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05
0.40 0.46 0.53 0.61 0.70
35.15 38.75 42.71 47.08 51.89
0.13 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.23
5.53 6.12 6.77 7.48 8.28
0.64 0.74 0.85 0.98 1.13
2.14 2.20 2.27 2.34 2.41
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19
0.99 1.14 1.31 1.51 1.74
0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11
290.34 310.66 333.20 358.24 386.11
723.91 832.50 957.37 1100.98 1266.13
5.16 5.94 6.83 7.85 9.03
5.60 5.77 5.95 6.12 6.31
722.14 743.80 766.11 789.10 812.77
58.50 67.27 77.36 88.97 102.31
147.49 151.92 156.48 161.17 166.01
1662.81 1807.20 1970.10 2154.19 2362.55
Head of Account
Current Proposed
C. EXTERNAL REVENUE
Sub-Total (C)
Roads 22.07 15.00
B. Debt Servicing
C. Additional O&M
investment
TOTAL EXPENDITURE
Expenditure
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
1.43 1.47 1.52 1.56 1.61
137.76 158.42 182.18 209.51 240.94
45.66 52.51 60.38 69.44 79.86
184.85 212.40 244.09 280.52 322.41
2137.99 2330.27 2547.38 2792.94 3071.07
1.79 1.84 1.90 1.95 2.01
2.54 2.61 2.69 2.77 2.85
778.42 879.99 994.82 1124.63 1271.37
61.44 63.28 65.18 67.13 69.15
98.79 101.75 104.81 107.95 111.19
0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.53
27.65 28.48 29.33 30.21 31.12
0.74 0.76 0.78 0.81 0.83
1.16 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.31
0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12
1.34 1.38 1.43 1.47 1.51
493.58 508.39 523.64 539.35 555.53
82.16 84.62 87.16 89.77 92.47
38.21 43.94 50.53 58.11 66.82
130.89 136.32 141.98 147.87 154.01
0.84 0.86 0.89 0.91 0.94
136.85 157.37 180.98 208.13 239.34
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
1881.15 2022.89 2197.44 2392.45 2610.60
Head of Account
Current Proposed
Surplus/Deficit
TOTAL
Education 1.19 3.00
Roads 23.24 15.00
TOTAL
Surplus/Deficit
OVERALL ACCOUNTS
CLOSING BALANCE
Expenditure
Receipts
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
256.85 307.38 349.95 400.49 460.47
43.44 49.96 57.45 66.07 75.98
14.33 14.76 15.20 15.66 16.13
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
57.77 64.71 72.65 81.72 92.10
0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.21
1.02 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.15
13.52 15.55 17.88 20.56 23.65
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.61 2.69 2.77 2.86 2.94
13.02 14.97 17.21 19.80 22.77
0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.61
38.88 44.72 51.42 59.14 68.01
10.48 10.79 11.12 11.45 11.79
7.71 7.94 8.18 8.42 8.68
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
87.91 98.41 110.40 124.12 139.80
168.94 208.97 239.54 276.37 320.67
425.79 516.35 589.49 676.86 781.14
3502.40 4018.75 4608.24 5285.10 6066.25

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter 21 : Institutional Reforms

21-1

CHAPTER - 21
INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

21.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi is a mega city with a projected population of 23 million in 2021. In
addition, it is anticipated that another 2 million will commute to the city each
day. From the analysis of the present administrative and political set-up in the
NCT, it is clear that for meeting the future requirements of citizens for urban
infrastructure, and a clean living environment; as well as to ensure shelter and
facilities for the urban poor, much will need to be done. Re-organisation of
institutions, improvements and capacity building programs are needed to meet
the needs of managing Delhi 2021. This chapter discusses the agenda for
institutional reforms in city governance and urban poor. It also reviews the
institutional reform initiatives already undertaken at the ULB level and State
Government level to successfully implement and operate the JnNURM projects.

21.2 REVIEW OF ISSUES IN GOVERNANCE

Delhi is a city state and most of its geographical area is included within the
Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). A small area is covered by New Delhi
Municipal Committee (NDMC), a body under the Central Government; and an
equal area is under the Cantonment Board. The city is divided into 9 districts
for administrative purposes, as well as for the regulation of law and order (by
Delhi Police). The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has demarcated the area
under its jurisdiction into twelve zones for the purposes of service delivery.

The present relationship between the MCD and the Delhi Government is rather
nebulous. The DMC Act, 1957 was enacted without provision for a Legislative
Assembly in Delhi, which was constituted only in 1992-93. The State
Government, however, has not been given powers with respect to issues
concerning land and law and order, which continue to be retained by the
Central Government (acting through the Lt. Governor). The main planning
authority for the city - Delhi Development Authority - also reports to the
Central Government. This constrains the ability of the Delhi Government to
respond to identified needs in the city. Further more, in several areas, the
functions of Delhi Government often overlap with those of MCD, since the
geographical boundaries of the city and the state are, in effect, co-terminus.
In principal, parastatal organizations for transportation and water supply report
to the Delhi Government, while solid waste management, sewerage, street
lighting remain the responsibility of MCD. In practice, there are many areas of
conflicting and fragmented jurisdictions.

The following table traces the evolution of governance in the city since
independence in 1947.

Period Governing Institutions
1947-1952 Government of India
1952-1956
Self Governing State with the Legislative Assembly of 48
members
1956 Delhi Legislative Assembly abolished
1956-1966 Directly Administered Union Territory and the Birth of the

21-2

Delhi Administration
1957
Delhi Municipal Corporation & Delhi Development Authority
created
1966
Metropolitan Council set up under the Delhi Administration
Act
1980 83
No Metropolitan Council as it was dissolved by the Central
Government
1990 Central Government dissolved Metropolitan Council
1992 onwards
Elected Government of the National Capital Territory of
Delhi with a Council of Ministers led by the Chief Minister

Key issues in governance in Delhi stem from the role that the city plays as the
National Capital, alongside the expectations of citizens for an effective local
government. While it is in the National interest that the Central government
should continue to retain a certain degree of control in the Capital city, the
demands of the citizens for a local government that incorporates participation
effectively cannot be ignored. With the current arrangement in the city, this
latter aspiration is difficult to fulfill. This aspect and other key issues are
enumerated below:

Four tiers of governance are represented in the city: Center, State, City
and Ward level.

The city, also being a state with the same boundary, has two elected
representatives as head; as well as two executive heads, with overlapping
functions

Poor coordination between the primary agency for city planning, and local,
or State Government

Planning Boundaries in the City (DDA - 15) do not coincide with Zonal
boundaries (MCD 12); and both have no relation to the District boundaries,
or functional subdivisions followed by Delhi Police (9)

The Metropolitan Planning Committee, mandated for Metro cities by the
74
th
CAA, has not been instituted in Delhi

21.3 MEASURES ALREADY INITIATED FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE

The Government of NCT of Delhi through its Department of Administrative
Reforms has been taking measures that cut across departments of the
Government of NCTD; agencies and institutions to monitor the progress made
by them. The means used to achieve improvements include :(i) promotion of
the role of civil society, peoples participation & decentralization. This has
sought to be achieved through the introduction of the Bhagidari Scheme (ii)
Institution of preventive vigilance through introduction of E-governance for the
citizens of Delhi;(iii) setting up of a dynamic website leading to e-governance
for departments/agencies; (iv) Instituting the Right of the citizen to
information; (v) Instituting of a mechanism to redress public grievances, of
which establishment of the Public Grievances Commission is the main element;
(vi) Civil and procedural reforms; synergy and Coordination and (vii)
empowerment of the weak.


21-3

To promote the role of civil society, peoples participation & decentralization
in governance, the Bhagidari Scheme has been introduced within government
departments and its agencies including those under the Union Government
(Refer Box 21.1).

Box 21.1: Bhagidari-The Citizens Partnership in Governance
In line with the ideological concept of involving the common man in governance, in
December 1998 the Government of NCTD outlined a philosophy for governance
responsive to and in partnership with the citizen known as Bhagirdari. This has
specifically stemmed from the belief that Government must work in partnership with
the people and that the Citizens must feel that successful and meaningful governance
cannot be achieved without their involvement and their role.

To evolve a mechanism for putting the concept of Bhagidari into practice, wide
consultations were initiated with various citizen groups - Resident Welfare
Associations (RWAs), Market and Traders Associations (MTAs) and other NGOs.
Discussions were also held with MCD, DDA, NDMC, Delhi Vidyut Board, DJB, Delhi
Police and the Department of Environment and Forest. These departments
subsequently became the participating Departments in the Bhagidari Programme.
Launched in January 2000, Bhagidari, the Citizens Partnership in Governance is
conceived to be a means for facilitating citywide changes in Delhi; utilising processes
and principles of multi-stakeholders (citizen groups, NGOs, the Government)
collaboration; applying the method of Large Group Interactive Events; developing
joint ownership by the citizens and government of the change process, and
facilitating peoples participation in governance. The programme has become popular
leading to major initiatives under it since January, 2002:-

Water Conservation and Water Harvesting by Delhi Jal Board & Urban
Development Department
Anti Plastic and Anti-littering campaign by Environment and Forest Department
Programmes for the welfare of Senior Citizens
Reforms in Hospital Management & Quality Control by Health & Family Welfare
Department. Janhit Society in each major hospital has been set up with
representation from RWAs of the area and other citizen groups.
Students Welfare Committee for Government
In addition to the above programmes, Bhagidari has taken Industry Associations in
conforming areas of the city in its span. In Conforming Industrial Areas of Delhi
have been made Bhagidars through their Industrial Associations. A High power
Apex level Committee of senior officers and representatives of industry is to
prepare the policy frame work for growth and development of Industries in Delhi.

21.3.1 E-Governance

In pursuance of the objective of improving governance, bringing openness and
transparency and providing citizen-friendly services the Government of NCT of
Delhi has initiated E-governance, with emphasis on "preventive vigilance". It is
anticipated that provision of information electronically, rather than over the
counter would reduce citizens visits to offices and their interaction with
officials. A dynamic web-site, linked to various departments / agencies of the
government provides on-line services, including e-applications. Also
incorporated is a system of making on line complaints; checking the status of
the complaint, sending a reminder and suggestions.

It is expected that adoption of such measures would, in the long run, help in
curbing the menace of corruption and minimize it to a large extent.


21-4

21.4 AGENDA AND OBJECTIVE OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

The agenda for further institutional reforms must be guided by the following
broad objectives:

To clearly institute a political and administrative nodal agency, which could
provide effective governance to the NCT;

To ensure that the function and powers of this agency and its constituents,
match their responsibilities and make them fully accountable.

To enable clarity of jurisdiction of various agencies coming into contact
with the people and entrusted with various responsibilities

To structure administration such that it reaches the people and vice versa,
to solve their problems

To evolve an effective system of metropolitan planning, keeping in view the
needs of planning in the context of NCR ;

To strengthen and build capacity within the GNCTD, its constituents and
other agencies entrusted with relevant tasks, so that improvements can be
brought about, even while further institutional changes are being
considered;

To make the primary focus of the system and its constituents the
functional requirements of management of Delhi 21;

21.5 TOWARDS AN APPROPRIATE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT SET-UP FOR DELHI

The setting up of the GNCTD in 1993 with a chief Minister and council of
Ministers responsible to the legislative assembly could be considered to be a
landmark in the chequered political and administrative history of Delhi. The
full potential of this change can be realized if the strategies outlined below are
developed further for application in the city:

21.5.1 Safeguarding of Capital City Functions

Since Delhi is the National Capital, the role of the Central Government in the
city is inevitable. However, the requirements of the role of capital city can be
geographically contained within a defined area, freeing up the rest of the city
for local governance.

21.5.2 Land Management (in areas outside the Capital City Area)

As per the final recommendations of the Balakrishanan Report GNCTD cannot
tackle problems related to slums/JJ clusters and unauthorized constructions in
Delhi, so long as the responsibility for land management is not given to them
fully.

Responsibility for land management outside the area designated as the capital
city would have to be clearly assigned in a manner that involves the State
Government more fully

21-5

21.5.3 Streamlining structure and role of State and City level elected
representatives

Already the MCD controls a far larger area than any corporation in the country,
and is stretched to manage its functions. It is clear that one Municipal
Corporation for 23 million people by 2021 is unwieldy. As per the 74
th
CAA, no
ward should have more than 30,000 persons. This would mean 766 councilors or
1,64,000 persons per ward with no increase in number of councilors.

The area outside the capital city area be could thus be sub-divided into zones
(not necessarily matching the current zonal demarcations) to form Zonal
Councils. (as is the case in Greater Tokyo, Greater Cairo, Metro Manila etc).
This should be done keeping in view their financial & operational viability.

Each zone would thus elect ward councilors to a council. The council may be
headed by a Deputy Mayor. Deputy Mayors of all Zonal Councils would report
directly to the Chief Minister of the State (eliminating the duality in elected
heads that currently exists).

The GNCTD, through legislation by the parliament, should thus be delegated
powers and functions relating to municipal management. While this may seem
to be undermining the urban local body, the actual impact will be to
strengthen or streamline local representation.

21.5.4 Role of Zonal Councils/Corporations (ZC)

The Zonal Council will be responsible for all municipal functions (relating to
the provision of services, operation and management of resources) within its
boundaries. In addition, it will undertake the preparation of zonal level plans
within each zone; and the local area plan within each ward. Planning staff may
be transferred from DDA for this purpose. Capacity building measures for the
Zonal Councils would broadly include:

Creation of a data base and MIS for property tax:

Creation of a similar system for monitoring of civic services:

Preparation of bye laws for regulation of various activities

Training in the modalities involved in working with the private sector and
raising of resources from the market.

This recommended structure for governance is depicted graphically in the
figure below:

21-6

21.5.5 Rationalization of Planning Boundaries

There are huge citizen unfriendly overlaps within the geographic boundaries of
NCTD which need to be rationalized. The worst of all the overlaps is that of the
Mater Plan Zones by DDA (15 no) and MCD zones (12 no. NDMC + CPB). As most
of the citizen interactions involve these two authorities, this needs to be
reviwed.

21.5.6 Metropolitan Planning Committee

Article 243 (1) of the constitution states , There shall be constituted in every
Metropolitan Area a Metropolitan Planning Committee to prepare a Draft
Development Plan for the metropolitan area as a whole Delhi being a
Metropolitan Area, such a committee is required to fill the gap which exists
today in the vital area of planning. This committee will be responsible for
coordinating the zonal level plans prepared by the zonal councils, keeping
overall priorities in mind, and preparing a Draft Development Plan for the city
as a whole. This Draft Development Plan will be updated on a continuous basis.
The Constitution has provided for the broad set up of the committee (which is
to be chaired by the CM) and the functions to be performed, and left it to the
state legislature to fill up the gaps.

21.5.7 Role of Delhi Development Authority

The DDA can be incorporated into the MPC, to perform the following functions:
(a) Perspective Planning; (b) making available serviced land (land connected to
city level networks) in development areas; (c) monitoring development. In
effect, its officials will perform planning and regulatory functions for all types
of development. The auctions policy for land disposal should be abandoned in
favour of market price allocation, and no land or built space is to be held back
for long from development.

Actual execution of development (construction) should be entrusted to the
private sector - including individuals, co-operatives as well as private
developers and be regulated and monitored by a cell within the MPC.
ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES
WARD COUNCILLOR
DEPUTY MAYOR
MLA
CHIEF MINISTER
ZONAL
COMMISSIONER
UDD SECRETARY
CHIEF SECRETARY
EXECUTIVE WING

21-7

Experience over the past 40 years has shown that the private sector is far
better equipped to respond to various segments of demand, than a public
sector agency. It will be critical to ensure, however, that land is released for
all segments and uses in proportion to the registered / estimated demand. In
this respect, it may be necessary for an agency of the MPC to carry out a
limited programme of housing specifically targeted at the lower income groups
(if the private sector cannot be attracted into this activity through concessions)
Decisions relating to the development and release of land for specific uses will
vest with the State Government (acting on the recommendations of the MPC),
and be vetted by the Lt. Governor.

21.5.8 Constitution of an Urban Renewal Corporation (URC)

As mentioned previously, Delhi has a unique opportunity in that there are large
tracts of land in the heart of the city that are developed at low densities, and
are currently occupied by inefficient uses. These public housing estates lie both
within the NDMC limits, as well in the MCD area. Urban land is a key resource,
and its management is critical to the efficiency and success of any urban area.
This is keenly realized in cities that face constraints in the availability of land,
such as Singapore
1
, but is equally important in cities, where a rural belt is
available for expansion. London, for example, is currently undertaking the
wholesale development of derelict tracts in east London, to make space for the
additional 8,00,000 or so people anticipated in the capital city by 2016.
Similarly, by some estimates, Manhattan was re-built in 810 phases during the
last 100 years.

The redeployment of inefficiently used land to meet changing requirements
must thus be an on-going process, if cities are to remain at the forefront of
economic growth. It is thus proposed to

Establish an Urban Renewal Commission, that will actively plan and initiate
the renewal / redevelopment of entire blocks in the city;

Develop a process for renewal that benefits all stakeholders - the owners,
the tenants, developers and the municipality;

Create a special cell within the URC that will be responsible for the renewal
of the Walled City. Since requirements and constraints are different in this
area, this cell must be empowered with special instruments to promote
redevelopment within a special (heritage) framework. Eg. Extra FSI could
be granted as incentive to redevelop buildings in accordance to specific
guidelines.

The Urban Renewal Commission will serve as an intermediary between various
stakeholders, suggest a structure for redevelopment, manage the process in a
transparent manner; and arbitrate disputes

21.5.9 Water Management

Management of water supply and sewerage is among the most important
aspects for improving the environment and public health in Delhi. The newly

1
Urban Planning in Singapore is under the charge of an Urban Redevelopment Authority, that redeploys its limited land
resources to meet changing needs on a continuous basis.

21-8

set up DJB has to gear itself up to discharge these functions. Autonomy and
professional management of the DJB has become critical in view of the likely
scarcity of raw water in the not too distant future. The following specific
measure need to be taken in this regard:

Rationalisation of staffing pattern
Use of commercial meters and other equipment to monitor water supply
and prevent leakage of water;
Promotion of participation of private sector in various managements
functions of the board;
Creation of a GIS database of the entire distribution network and other key
assets
Continuous Research and Development
Practical implementation of waste water recycling technologies

It is further proposed that responsibilities and functions related to storm water
drainage, surface water, ground water and rain water harvesting be vested
with a single authority, specially created for the purpose.

21.6 INSTITUTIONAL & IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK FOR SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS

21.6.1 Institutional Structure Slum Housing Corporation (SHC)

Delhi along with other metropolitan towns in the country faces the acute
problem of the proliferation of slums and squatter settlements. The problem of
slums in city is two pronged (i) Legislative: There is no Slum Act supporting the
draft policy; (ii) Institutional: Slum Department is mainly performing the role
of slum clearances in accordance to the requirements of the land owning
agency. It lacks adequate resources to perform a pro-active role in the
management of shelter for the poor

It is recommended that the current institutional framework be reorganized in
order that one organization is made fully responsible for policy formulation,
project development, financing, implementation and evaluation.
Recommendations include

Formation of Slum Housing Corporation (SHC), through a Slum Act,
operating under the Urban Development Department (UDD) to undertake
the task of provision of housing for slum dwellers. The SHC will be headed
by a senior IAS Officer, specially nominated to the post, who will report
directly to the Chief Secretary. He will be vested with autonomous
powers as may be necessary to carry out his tasks, and ensure a lean and
efficient organization.

The SHC will be supported through funds from the UDD for a period of five
years. It will, however, operate on a commercial format

The SHC will be responsible for in-situ rehabilitation, relocation, as well
as development of special facilities to house the urban poor (transit
camps, night shelters, hostelsetc). It will be supported by zonal and city
level infrastructure providing agencies


21-9

The SHC will work through and with NGOs,trusts, private operators, as
well as cooperative groups within slum communities. It will incorporate a
strong community development unit, skilled in community mobilization.

It will be supported by a fully computerized integrated information
system on JJ clusters, existing basic services and JJ households for
planning implementation and monitoring of all slum improvement
programmes.

The SHC will incorporate a housing micro-finance facility solely dedicated
to financing shelter for the poor (using the title to land, or license to
housing as security)

21.6.2 Funding Mechanisms

The SHC will operate in commercial format to undertake slum development
activities under a Slum Development and Improvement Act. The approach for
funding of the improvement schemes proposed will involve an element of cross
subsidization between new high-value uses on the site and the provision of
infrastructure and services on the remaining land for the poor. In the proposed
approach, affordability problems will be minimized by the flow of funds from
high value uses to serve the needs of the poor. It will be critical to

Prepare alternatives for in-situ development and area development on
relocation sites, in consultation with beneficiaries and their
representatives;

Determine the appropriate amount of land to be released to high value
uses for purpose of establishing affordability of the scheme to the
beneficiaries and private developer/government.

Keep subsidies to a minimum - a mechanism for capturing beneficiary
contributions would need to be developed, and varied to suit ability to
pay of as many of the target group as possible.

The implementing agency for the scheme would contribute a pre
determined share of total scheme costs to be funded by government.

All schemes (including those that are not viable for development in a
commercial format) will be facilitated through housing micro-finance schemes,
administered by the SHC. These will carry reasonable interest rates, and will
be repayable over the long term (15 years or more). Assuming an interest rate
of about 8 percent, the EMI on hire purchase amount of Rs 50,000 would be less
than Rs 400 per month.

In order to initiate the SHC, and ensure its operations in the long term, it is
proposed that

all lands currently under JJ clusters (ex. railway and roads dept.) to be
transferred to SHC

On on-going basis, 25 % of all land proposed for development to be handed
over to SHC (as proposed by the JNNURM, in order to ensure an on-going
supply of shelter for the poor)

21-10

While the SHC will have the independence to use the land assets at its disposal
at its discretion (after this has been vetted by the CS), the exclusive focus of
its operations will be to meet the shelter requirements of the poor in the city
in a manner that is appropriate and affordable to them. It will be responsible
for the management of its assets & liabilities, the generation and deployment
of funds towards this end.

21.7 CONCLUSION

The institutional reforms to be undertaken by the State Government and
progress on these have been presented in Annex 21-1. These institutional
reforms will provide basis to the state government to implement the projects
identified under JNNURM in more effective and sustainable manner.

CDP Delhi

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October, 2006

Department of Urban Development

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