1.

An electric distribution company serves about 450,000 residential, 45,000 commercial, and
1,000 industrial customers. Typical daily curves for each of these load types is shown below.
Determine:
a. maximum coincident demand of the system
b. demand factor if the company's total connected load is 5,000 MW
c. utilization factor, if the system's rated capacity is 6,000 MW
d. load factor
e. diversity factor
f. coincidence factor
g. load diversity
h. loss factor
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00
Hour of the day
l
o
a
d

(
k
W
)
Fig. 1 Daily load curve (Residential)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00
Hour of the day
L
o
a
d

(
k
W
)
Fig. 2 Daily load curve (Commercial)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00
Hour of the day
L
o
a
d

(
k
W
)
Fig. 3 Daily load curve (Industrial)
Solution: The aggregate load demand curve is shown in the figure.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00
Hour of the day
T
o
t
a
l

i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t

l
o
a
d

(
M
W
)
900
2250
3425
2075
3425
2300
950
Fig. 3 Aggregate daily load curve
a. maximum coincident demand, D
m
= 3,425 MW
b. 685 . 0
000 , 5
425 , 3
F factor, demand
D
= = =
C
m
L
D
c. 571 . 0
000 , 6
425 , 3
Capacity Rated
factor, n utilizatio = = =
m
U
D
F
d. 579 . 0
) 24 * 425 , 3 (
3 * 950 5 * 300 , 2 3 * 075 , 2 5 * 425 , 3 2 * 250 , 2 6 * 900
factor, load =
+ + + + +
= =
m
avg
LD
D
D
F
e. 0 . 1
425 , 3
kW 50 kW 25 kW 5
Demand Max. Individual
factor, diversity
000 , 1
1
000 , 45
1
000 , 450
1
=
+ +
=

=
m
dv
D
F
f. 0 . 1
1
factor, e coincidenc = =
dv
C
F
F
g. 0 . 0 LD diversity, load = =
m
D Demand Max Individual
h.
Loss Peak
Loss Avg.
factor, loss =
LS
F
411 . 0
) 24 * 425 , 3 (
3 * 950 5 * 300 , 2 3 * 075 , 2 5 * 425 , 3 2 * 250 , 2 6 * 900
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
=
+ + + + +
=