SYNCHRONOUS

MACHINE MODELS
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
HO CHI MINH CITY
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Contents
I. Physical description
II. Mathematical description of a synchronous machine
III. dq0 transformation
IV. Steady state analysis

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Magnetic circuits and all rotor windings are symmetrical with respect to
both polar axis and the inter-polar axis.
The direct (d) axis, central magnetically in the central of the north pole;
The quadrature (q) axis, 90 electrical degrees ahead of the d-axis.
The position of the rotor relative to the stator is measured by the angle
between the d-axis and the magnetic axis of phase 'a' winding.
The rotor circuits comprise field and amortisseur winding.

Physical Description
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Diagram
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Diagram
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Mathematical Description of a
Synchronous Machine
In developing synchronous machines equation, the following assumption
are made:
Stator winding are sinusoidally distributed along the air gap as far as
the mutual effects with the rotor are concerned.
The stator slot cause no appreciation variation of the rotor
inductances with the rotor position.
Magnetic hysteresis is negligible.
Magnetic saturation effects are negligible.

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dq0 Transformation
The analysis of synchronous machine equations in terms of dq0
variables is considerably simpler than in terms of phase quantities,
for following reason:
The dynamic performance equations have constant inductances.
For balanced conditions, zero sequence quantities disappear.
For balanced steady-state operation, the stator quantities have
constant values. For other modes of operation they vary with time.
The parameters associated with d- and q- axes may be directly
measured from terminal tests.
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dq0 Transformation
Stator voltage equation in dq0 components:
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dq0 Transformation
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dq0 Transformation
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Steady State Analysis
Phasor representation
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Steady State Analysis
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Thus,
Steady State Analysis
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Steady State Analysis
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with:
Steady State Analysis
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Steady State Analysis
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Steady State Analysis
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Steady State Analysis