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L. Church Black Rhino Reserve

Do Your Own PBL

5/15/2014

Anna Colling, Conner Mauk, and James Jacobson



Problem Statement:
The Black Rhino species has become endangered over time, due to
poachers. Rhino horns (made of keratin) are sold and bought at a very
high price, however when it became illegal to hunt the animals, poachers
would still kill them. In 2010 at least two hundred Black Rhinos were
poached. Africa contains at least 80% (3,904 out of 4,880 Black Rhinos
live in Africa as of February 2013) of the worlds Black Rhino population.
If two hundred are killed each year the Black Rhino population will be
extinct in twenty-five years.
Criteria:
Our solution has to be able to blend into environment, keep poachers
out, it has to hold a population of over 500 rhinos, and it cannot hurt
people, animals, or the environment.

Constraints:
Our solution has to have a wall or fence that is at least 10 feet tall, it
must be large enough for each rhino to have 2 acres of territory, it must
be 5 or more miles from human villages or homes, and it must allow
other animals in and out if needed.

Roles:
Rhino Expert Anna
Culture Expert James
Poacher Expert Conner




Background:
Black rhinos live throughout southern and western Africa (Around
Tanzania, Kenya, Zimbabwe and South Africa.). The can run at speeds as
high as 55 km/h, and can change direction surprisingly quickly. Their
behavior shows that they are generally solitary, but have a strong
mother and calf bond which lasts about three years. In addition, males
and females have a consort relationship during mating season (Females
reproduce every 2.5 to 5 years.). The average lifespan is thirty-five to
fifty years. They can weigh from 1,760 pounds to 3,080 pounds and they
have a height of 4.5 feet to 6 feet at the shoulder. They eat grasses,
leaves, branches, and small shrubs as they walk around. Their horns
grow as much as three inches a year, and have been known to grow up to
five feet long. Black Rhino horns can be used for medicine in China,
Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It is also used in North Africa and the
Middle East as handles for ornamental daggers. Their only predators are
lions, hyenas, and Nile crocodiles.

The Herero are cattle-herding pastoralists who rate status on the
number of cattle owned. The Nama are a fighting tribe and are
pastoralists. They gather food and hunt in uncultivated country or
grassland in South Africa. They are also famous for their singing and
poetry. The San are traditional culture they hunt and gather for food and
are usually in a group of 15 individuals. The Damara community actually
live outside of this area usually working in the towns of the central part
of the country, Damara are today active in public life.

Poachers kill the rhinos for their horns because it is a special
ingredient in a Chinese delicacy. They could also use it for the money
because they can cost up to $65,000. They had a robbery of 5.2 million
dollar of just in rhino horns. At the moment there is a company named
Air-ware that is flying drones to protect rhinos from poachers. They also
have ranger patrolling the area searching for the poachers. The poachers
use guns like the Remington 458. They have a project named Shoot to
kill based just on protecting the rhinos and stopping the poachers.

Project Plan:

We decided to make a 3-D model prototype of the drone and the
fencing around the reserve. We will test how well our drone design flies
to see how well it would perform in the field. To start building our design
we will research different drone and fencing designs. After that, we will
build our prototype that we drew out on paper. Once we are done with
that, we will start to test the products. 8

Criteria and Constraints: How our Solution will meet them:
Our solution has to be able to blend
into environment.
The fence will have a reflective
material on it, so it will look like the
environment around it.
It cannot hurt people, animals, or
the environment.
The main fencing has two fences
lining it that will keep animals away
from it.
Our solution has to have a wall or
fence that is at least 10 feet tall.
We will have a secondary fence that
is 10 feet tall in between the two 6
foot fences.
It has to hold a population of over
500 rhinos.
Our reserve can contain a population
of 1,000 black rhinos at a time.
It must allow other animals in and
out if needed.
The reserve will have one gate on
each side that will allow animals in or
out.
It has to be large enough for each
rhino to have 2 acres of territory
Each rhino will have 8 kilometers of
territory.

Materials Needed For Prototype:
Clear plastic, cardboard, boxes, foam, hot glue gun, hot glue sticks,
wooden dowels, Wire, string, fishing wire, and foam board.





Timeline:

May 1 Finish brainstorming solutions/Research drone designs

May 2 Draw drone design/Build the first prototype of drone

May 5 Finish building first design of drone/Test first drone design

May 6 Modify drone design/Make fence design

May 7 Test new drone design

May 8 Design Review

May 12 Edit and revise project plan and design and testing

May 13 Show other group our solution and create redesign
evaluation/Summarize research

May 14 Edit and revise problem statement/Print our bibliography

May 15 Glue on printed pages and pictures/Practice presenting

May 19 Present to Panel












Design and Testing:

Our fence design will have one fence that is 6 feet tall lining the
inside of the reserve (24,000 kilometers squared) and on the other side
of the main fence. It will only have thick wires that keep the rhinos from
getting through. However, we will have a secondary fence that is 10 feet
tall in between these two fences, which will have barbed wire in the
middle and electric wires at top of it to keep poachers out.
We also chose to make a prototype of a UAV (unmanned aerial
vehicle) prototype to scan the area of our rhino reserve. The UAV is
designed off of the Scan Eagle made by the Boeing Defense, Space and
Security, Institution. We will have 2 flying at a time scanning the area,
but have 2 extra so a total of 6. The 2 extra are used when the batteries
die or something happens to them. These UAV's have infrared camera to
search for the poachers. The Scan Eagle will be manned by the people in
the guard station. The Scan Eagle has a wingspan of 10' 2" the max speed
is 92 mph. Their battery time is 20 hours, but we will use two at a time
with shifts of 12 hours. They have a length of 4' 2" and all of them would
cost 3.2 million with the control system, launcher, recovery system,
remote video terminal, and the Scan Eagle. We will also have a guard
post on each of the four gates the guards will be hired from tribes in the
area to help them and us.

Trial Distance Traveled
1 (First Prototype Design) 131 inches
2 (First Prototype Design) 132 inches
3(First Prototype Design) 137 inches
Average (First Prototype Design) 133.33 inches
4 (Second Prototype Design) 128 inches
5 (Second Prototype Design) 143 inches
6 (Second Prototype Design) 174 inches
Average (Second Prototype Design) 148.33 inches




Redesign Evaluation:

Some strengths of the L. Church Rhino Reserve are that it has a
drone that captures thermal footage and normal footage of the reserve as
it flies through. It only needs a few people to run each guarding station. It
has a strong fence that allows most animals to go through. It allows
larger animals through gates placed in multiple areas around the
reserve.

Some weaknesses of the L. Church Rhino Reserve are that it has a
maximum capacity of 1,000 Black Rhinos. The drone we designed cannot
carry materials heavier than 50 pounds. Also, the guards or workers will
have to drive ten to twenty miles to the reserve depending on how close
they live to it. The reserve might not have many water sources
considering we will not be reconstructing the ground or environment to
fit our model.

It will work pretty well in the real world, because the drone design
will have two cameras. One can pick up thermal traces from the thermal
sensors that we plan to have attached to it. It will also have a normal
camera with high resolution and far zoom so we can identify if its one of
our men or a poacher. There will also be a guarding post by each of the
four gates, which have hired tribe members. There will be a fence that
lines the reserve that will not harm the animals, however there will be a
second stronger fence lining the outside of the other fence that has
barbed wire and electric wire towards the top of it, so smaller animals
will not get hurt slipping under it.

Our next steps would be to design and test a drone prototype, and a
fence prototype, and we will ask around villages if anyone would like to
work with the drone and reserve. This would include testing many
different materials to use for the prototypes that will be best for its
purpose and finding the cost of the best working materials found.


Bibliography:

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<http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/05/why-does-a-rhino-horn-cost-300-000-because-
vietnam-thinks-it-cures-cancer-and-hangovers/275881/>.
"Kid's Animal Facts." : Rhinos. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. <http://kidsanimalfacts.blogspot.com/2012>.
"Is the Black Rhino Extinct?." Fight for Rhinos. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
<http://fightforrhinos.com/2014/01/07/is-the-black-rhino-extinct/>.
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