APPENDIX

Homologous
Series
Functional
Group
General
Formula
Structural
Formula
IUPAC
Nomenclature
Example
Alkane none
C
n
H
2n+2
R
1
R
2
n
alkane
Ethane
Alkene
Double bond
R
2
C=CR
2
C
n
H
2n
alkene
Ethene
Alkyne
Triple bond
RCCR'
C
n
H
2n-2

R CC R
alkyne
Ethyne
Arene
Aromati rin!
RC
"
H
#
C
n
H
2n-"
alkyl ben$ene
CH
CH
%
CH
%
&'opropyl ben$ene
Haloalkane
Halo!en
R(
C
n
H
2n+)
(

R (
haloalkane
CH
%
CH
2
Cl
Chloroethane
Alohol
Hydro*yl
R+H
C
n
H
2n+)
+H
alkanol
,ethanol
-etone
Carbonyl
RC+R'
C
n
H
2n
+
alkanone C
+
CH
%
CH
%
CH
2
.utanone
Aldehyde
Carbonyl
RCH+
C
n
H
2n
+ alkanal C
+
H CH
%
Ethanal
R

R C H
+
C = C
R R
R R
Ayl halide
Aid halide
RC+(
C
n
H
2n-)
+(
alkanoyl halide CH
%
C
+
Cl
Ethanoyl hloride
Carbo*yli aid
Carbo*yl
RC++H
C
n
H
2n
+
2
alkanoi aid CH
%
C
+
+H
Ethanoi aid
E'ter
Carboalko*y
RC++R'
C
n
H
2n
+
2
alkyl alkanoate
CH
%
CH
2
CH
2
C
+
+ CH
2
CH
%
Ethyl butanoate
Ether
Alko*y
R+R'
C
n
H
2n+2
+
alko*yalkane
CH
%
CH
2
+CH
2
CH
%
Etho*yethane
Amide
Carbo*amide
RC+/R
2
C
n
H
2n+)
+ alkanamide C
+
CH
%
/H
2
Ethanamide
Amine'
Amino
) amine
R/H
2
C
n
H
2n+%
/
alkanamine
,ethanamine
Amino
2 amine
R
2
/H
C
n
H
2n+%
/ N-alkyl
alkanamine
/-methyl
methanamine
Amino
% amine
R
%
/
C
n
H
2n+%
/ N-alkyl-N-alkyl
alkanamine
/
CH
%
CH
%
CH
%
N,N-dimethyl
methanamine
/itrile
/itrile
RC/
C
n
H
2n+)
C/
R C /
alkanenitrile
C CH
%
/
ethanenitrile

R C (
+

R C +H
+

R C +R
+
R C /
+
R
R