-≤Ú-´’-¢√®Ωç 1 -ï-†-´-J 2007
Hrithik: Where exactly is this conference
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
253
Hrithik: When is the meeting, exactly?
(ÅÆæ©’ O’öÀçí˚ á°æ¤púø’?)
Rithwik: At 5 on friday. That is the day after
(tomorrow). We've to see that nothing
goes wrong.
(¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç Å®·-Cç-öÀéÀ. Åçõ‰ á©’xçúÕ. à
§Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ ï®Ω-í∫-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷ú≈L ´’†ç)
Hrithik: So? (Å®·ûË?)
Rithwik: We have to be there around one in
the afternoon.
(´’†ç Ç®ÓV ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äçöÀ-í∫çô
v§ƒçûªç™ Åéπ\úø Öçú≈L).
Hrithik: Why so early?
(Åçûª ´·çü¿’í¬ áçü¿’èπ◊?)
We have to be there around ..
Rithwik: Around 200 people are expected to
attend the meeting. We've to receive
them. To supervise the arrangements
we've to be there early enough.
(200 ´’çC O’öÀçí˚èπ◊ £æ…ï-®Ω-´¤-û√-®ΩE
ÅçîªØ√. à®√p-ôx†’ °æ®Ωu-¢Ë-éÀ~ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ ´’†ç
ûªT-†ç-ûª -´·ç-ü¿’-í¬ØË Åéπ\úø Öçú≈L.)
Hrithik: When is the chief guest due to
arrive?
(´·êu-Å-AC∑ ®√¢√-Lqç-üÁ-°æ¤púø’?)
(due to = Åçü¿’-´©x)
His failure was due to his laziness =
ÅûªúÕ •ü¿léπç ´©x Åûªúø’ N°∂æ-©-´’-ߪ÷uúø’.
Due to Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç– àüÁjØ√ ï®Ω-í¬-Lq†
Æ洒ߪ’ç.
The meeting is due to start in five minutes
= Hrithik: Where is the chief guest from?
Ééπ Å®·ü¿’ EN’-≥ƒ-©èπ◊ O’öÀçí˚ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç
鬆’çC.
The train due at 14.30 = Ç È®j©’ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç
2.30 èπ◊ ®√¢√L.
She is due at/ she is due to come at 10.30
= Ç¢Á’ °æC-†o-®Ωèπ◊ ®√¢√Lq ÖçC.
Rithwik: He is expected to be here around
4.30 itself. He is usually punctual.
(Çߪ’† 4.30 Íé ´≤ƒh-úøE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Çߪ’† ´÷´‚-©’í¬ éπÈ®é˙d õ„j¢˛’Íé
´≤ƒhúø’.)
v°æ-¨¡o: I. Present
perfect continuous tense ™
questions îËÊÆ véπ´’ç™ Ñ v°æ¨¡o©†’ ᙫ
¢√ú≈™ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
What have you done all nights?
What have you been done all nights?
What have been you done in nights?
°j ¢√öÀ™ àC ÆæÈ®jçC?
II. I watched Rama load the gun to load.
I saw her open the letter to open.
OöÀ Å®√n-™‰-N’öÀ? ≤ÚpéπØ˛ ÉçTx≠ˇ-™ OöÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-
í¬Eo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
-ï-¢√-•’: I. What have you done all nights?
– ÅçûªöÀ °çîª-©ßª’u, ®√ïç-Ê°ô.
II. I watched Rama load the gun - ÉC correct
Ñ question ™ØË verb have you done, present
perfect tense ™ ÖçC. Å®·ûË all nights
ņo-°æ¤púø’ Å®Ωnç ÆæJ-í¬-®√ü¿’.
What have you done all the night? (®√vûªçû√
àç î˨»´¤?) ÅØÁjØ√, what have you done all the
nights? (ÅEo ®√vûª’©÷ É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ àç î˨»´¤?)
ÅØÁjØ√ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
hall?
(Ñ Ææ´÷¢Ë¨¡ç ïJÍí £æ…™¸ éπÈ®-é˙dí¬
áéπ\-úø’çC?)
Rithwik: You get on my nerves, Hrithik. You
are the joint secretary and you are
irresponsible enough not to know
even that. You get on my nerves.
(†’´¤y Ææç-ߪ·éπh 鬮Ωu-ü¿-JzN, Ñ N≠æߪ’ç
èπÿú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’-†çûª ¶«üµ¿u-û√-®Ω-£œ«-ûªçí¬
ÖØ√o´¤. Ø√èπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œp-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤.)
Hrithik: I'm sorry. I'll be careful. Where's the
hall?
(≤ƒK. Ééπ ´·çü¿’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçö«.
£æ…™„-éπ\úø?)
Rithwik: This hall is above the department
store around the collectorate.
(Ñ £æ…©’ éπ™„-éπd®˝ Ç°∂‘Æˇ ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o úÕ§ƒ-®˝d-
¢Á’çö¸ ≤Úd®˝ °j† ÖçC.)
Hrithik: Isn't that the one just below the mini
conference room?
(ÅC *†o 鬆p¥-È®Ø˛q £æ…©’ éÀçü¿C éπü∆?)
Rithwik: Just that. It's quite spacious. But the
problem is there isn't enough parking
place for all the cars and two wheel-
ers that may come.
(ÅüË. ¶«í¬ °ü¿lC. é¬E Ææ´’-ÊÆu-N’-ôçõ‰
Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»-E-éÌîËa¢√∞¡x 鬮Ω’x, Cyîªvéπ
¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ E©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ ûªT† ´ÆæA ™‰ü¿’.)
Hrithik: How are we getting around the problem?
(Ñ Ææ´’Ææu†’ ᙫ ÅCµ-í∫-N’≤ƒhç?)
Rithwik: I think we can take the school
grounds nearby for the duration of the
conference.
( (Å®Ω-í∫çô éÀçü¿ Ééπ\úË/ Ñ ü¿J-ü∆°æ¤™
ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o Ææ÷\™¸ víıçú˛q†’ Ç é¬†p¥-È®Ø˛q
Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.)
(Ñ ´·êu ÅAC∑ áéπ\-úÕ-¢√úø’?)
Rithwik: From Vizag. He lives there around
the Lawson's Bay.
Lawson's Bay
(Çߪ’†C ¢Ájñ«í˚. Åéπ\úø
ü¿J-ü∆-°æ¤™x Öçö«úø’.)
Hrithik: Shall we go and have a look around
the place now? I mean the confer-
ence hall.
(´’†ç ¢ÁRx ã≤ƒJ Ç Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ v§ƒçí∫-ù«Eo
îª÷ü∆l´÷?)
Rithwik: Lets go. (¢Á∞¡ü∆ç °æü¿.)
What have you been done all nights? - Éçü¿’-
™E verb, have you been done, present per-
fect tense, voice passive.
é¬E, Åçü¿’-´©x Å®Ωnç
sentence
†’¢Ëyç îËߪ’-•-ú≈f´¤? ÅE Å®Ωnç ™‰E Å´¤-
verb, be form + past par-
ûÓçC. í∫ ’ ®Ω ’ h ç - î ª ’ - é ÓçúÕ –
ticiple
Å®·ûË voice passive. have been
Ééπ\úø
- 'be' form; done (past participle) - verb,
鬕öÀd,
passive -
ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç®√ü¿’.
sentence - Rama gun load îËߪ’ôç îª÷¨»†’
ÅE. ´’Sx to load Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç-™‰ü¿’. Å°æ¤p-úøC
sentence Å´ü¿’.
I saw her open the letter to open - I saw her
open the letter (Ç¢Á’ letter open îËߪ’ôç
îª÷¨»†’ ÅE) Åçõ‰ î√©’-í∫ü∆? ´’Sx to open
repeat îËߪ’ôç áçü¿’èπ◊? Å®Ωnç-®√ü¿’.
´’†ç Éçûª-èπ◊´·çü¿’ lesson ™
'about' Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆.
ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅüË Å®Ωnç Ö†o around
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷ü∆lç.
around Åçõ‰ ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç ô÷d ÅE
éπü∆. ÉC ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁL-Æœ† Å®Ωnç.
There is a wall around the gar-
den =
Ç ûÓô ô÷d íÓúø ÖçC.
The fence around the field prevents cattle from
entering it =
Ç §Ò©ç ô÷d Ö†o éπçîÁ °æ¨¡Ÿ-´¤-©†’ ™°æ-LéÀ
®√èπ◊çú≈ E®Ó-Cµ-Ææ’hçC.
Å®·ûË around †’ about èπ◊ •ü¿’-©’í¬ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Å-ØË
Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
a) He came here around 2 o'clock =
Åûªúø’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ È®çúÕç-öÀ-éÌ-î√a-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ.
b) Around three hundred people gathered in
the place =
ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ´‚úÌç-ü¿-©-´’çC Åéπ\úø í∫’N’-í∫÷-ú≈®Ω’.
Around Åçõ‰ Ç îª’ô’d-°æ-éπ\©/ Åô’-¢Áj°æ¤/ Ç ü¿J-
ü∆°æ¤© ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
a) He lives somewhere around the bus station=
bus station
Åûª†’ ü¿í∫_®Ω Öçö«úø’/ ü¿J-ü∆-°æ¤™x
Öçö«úø’.
b) Her office is somewhere around the post
office =
Ç¢Á’ office post office ü¿í∫_-È®-éπ\úÓ ÖçC.
Kumud: Who are you looking for?
(á´-J-éÓÆæç îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?/ ¢Áü¿’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)
Sudhir: For Sakuntala.
(¨¡èπ◊ç-ûª© éÓÆæç)
Kumud: She was around here half an hour
ago. Don't know where she is now.
ÖçC. É°æ¤-úÁ-éπ\-úø’çüÓ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.)
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, around Åçõ‰ äéπ v°æüË-¨¡ç™/ v°æü˨¡ç
ü¿í∫_®Ω ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Get around: DEE conversation ™ î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-
ùçí¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’. äéπ Ææ´’-Ææuèπ◊ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç éπ†’-
éÓ\-´ôç é¬F/ äéπ Ææ´’-Ææu†’ ûª°œpçîªôç ÅE é¬F
Å®Ωnç.
a) We can get around most of the problems in
the country by population control =
ïØ√¶µ« Eߪ’ç-vûª-ù-´©x ü˨¡ Ææ´’-Ææu-©†’ î√™«
-´’-ô’èπ◊ ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îª-´îª’a / (ü˨¡ Ææ´’-Ææu-©èπ◊)
°æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç éπ†’-éÓ\-´îª’a.
v°æ-¨¡o: 1. ' ÂÆjéÀ™¸ ûÌéπ\úøç Ø√ ´©x é¬ü¿’—
(ÂÆjéÀxçí˚ ´îª’a, é¬E ûª°œpç--éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ)
2. ' F´¤ ÂÆjéÀ™¸ ûÌÍé\ôôx®·ûË Øˆ’ ´≤ƒh†’——.
- Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx≠ˇ-™ ᙫ ÅØ√™ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
-ï-¢√-•’: 1. I won't pedal/ I can't pedal.
– XE-¢√Æˇ îÁ´©, í∫’çô÷®Ω’
2. If you pedal/ If you are willing to pedal,
I'll come/ go with you/ accompany you.
cycle ûÌéπ\ôç = pedal/ cycle
v°æ-¨¡o: So, very, too °æü∆-©†’ á°æ¤púø’, ᙫ ¢√ú≈™
ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. You are very late. You are so
late . You are too late . -´‚-úø÷ äéπ-õ‰Ø√?
-ï-¢√-•’: So Åçõ‰ áçûÓ ÅE. you are so good =
– ¨»N’L, éÌûª÷h®Ω’, Xé¬- π◊∞¡ç.
†’´¤y/ O’®Ω’ áçûÓ ´’ç*-¢√-úÕN/ ü∆EN/ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅE
Å®Ωnç. American English ™ î√™« ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.
eg: Thank you so much. (O’ÈéçûÓ thanks)
Very Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ ÅE éπü∆.
He is a good man = Åûªúø’ ´’ç*-¢√úø’
2
b) (It is) difficult to get around the power short-
age problem =
Nü¿’uû˝ éÌ®Ωûª Ææ´’Ææu-†’ °æJ-≠æ \-Jç-îªôç Åçûª
Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ü¿’.
Go around Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç ô÷d AJT ¢Á∞¡xôç.
a) If the door is locked, you'll have to go around
the side of the house =
ûª©’°æ¤ û√∞¡ç ¢ËÆœ Öçõ‰ °æéπ\†’ç* ¢Á∞«xLq
´Ææ’hçC.
b) If you go around the house, you are likely to
be suspected =
ÉçöÀ ô÷d AJT ¢Á∞¡Ÿûª’çõ‰ E†’o ņ’-´÷-Eç-îª-
´îª’a.
ÉN ´÷´‚-©’í¬ conversation ™ NE-°œçîË
around èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô©’. ÉN practice îËÊÆh
O’ conversation simple í¬, Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’çC.
Now look at the following sentences from the
conversation at the beginning of the lesson:
1. We've (we have) to be there around one in
the afternoon =
ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äçöÀ-í∫ç-ôèπ◊/ äçöÀ-í∫çô v§ƒçûªç™ ´’†ç
Åéπ\úø Öçú≈L.
2. Around 200 people are expected to attend
the meeting =
ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 200 ´’çC Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ ®√´îª’a.
3. He is expected to be here around 4.30
itself =
Çߪ’† Ééπ\-úÕéÀ 4.30, Ç v§ƒçûªç™ ®√´îª’a.
4. He lives around the Lawson's Bay =
Lawson's Bay
Çߪ’† ü¿í∫_®Ω Öçö«úø’.
5. Shall we have a look around the place
now?=
Ç v°æüË-¨»Eo (Æ涵« v§ƒçí∫-ù«Eo) ã≤ƒJ îª÷ü∆l´÷?
ü∆ü∆°æ¤, ü¿í∫_®Ω, ô’d-°æ-éπ\© ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ around
¢√úÕ-†-îÓ-ô™«x about ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Exercise:
Write as many sentences as you can,
on the following pattern:
Subject + verb + 'wh' word + clause
He knows why I am here
Ñ pattern ™ ´’®Ó example îª÷úøçúÕ:
Sub + verb + 'wh' word + clause
She explained how she found the way.
Sentence 1) Å®Ωnç: ØËE-éπ\-úÁç-ü¿’-èπ◊-Ø√oØÓ Åûª-úÕéÀ
ûÁ©’Ææ’.
2) ü∆J ᙫ éπ†’-èπ◊\çüÓ Ç¢Á’ N´-Jç-*çC.
– -áç-. Ææ’Í®-¨¡-Ø˛
She is a very beautiful girl =
Ç¢Á’ î√™« Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t®·.
Too Åçõ‰ ÅA. àüÁjØ√ too Åçõ‰, ÅC ÅAí¬, Å´-
Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ÅE, Åçü¿’-´©x ¢Ë’©’
éπçõ‰ éÃúË ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ü¿E.
a) It is very bad = ÅC î√™« îÁúø’ – ¶µºJç-îª-´îª’a
It is too bad = ÅC ÅA îÁúø’ – ¶µºJç-‰ç.
b) The doctor's fee is high/ very high =
Doctor fee
BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË áèπ◊\´/ î√™« áèπ◊\´.
Å®·Ø√ ´’†ç Çߪ’† ü¿í∫_®Ω ¢Ájü¿uç îË®·ç--
éÓ-´îª’a.
The doctor's fee is too high =
Çߪ’† fee ´’K áèπ◊\´ (´’†ç °ô’d-éÓ-™‰-†çûª).
Çߪ’† ü¿í∫_®Ω ´’†ç ¢Ájü¿uç îË®·ç--éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.
very, so, too ©’ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ lesson ™
î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x N´-Jçî√ç. îª÷úøçúÕ.
you are so late - †’¢ÁyçûÓ Ç©Ææuç. é¬Ææh
°∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’.
you are too late - †’´¤y ´’K Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ´î√a´¤
– ï®Ω-í¬-Lq† °æE Éçéπ ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’. Fèπ◊ †≠ædç.
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 4 -ï-†-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
254
Pranaya: Well, how did the inter collegiate debate contest go
yesterday?
debate
(E†o Åçûª®˝ éπ∞«-¨»©© §Úöà ᙫ ïJ-TçC?)
Vismaya: It went off very well. We had an exciting time. The
judges had a tough time picking up the prize winners.
(î√™« ¶«í¬ ïJ-TçC. î√™« Öûª’q-éπûª éπL-Tç-*çC. •£æ›-
´’A Èí©’îª’èπ◊ØË¢√-∞¡x†’ E®Ωg-®·ç-îªôç Ø√uߪ’-E-Í®g-ûª-©èπ◊ éπ≠dçæ
Å®·uçC.)
Pranaya: The results? (°∂æL-û√©’?)
Vismaya: As expected. Our college team won the best team prize.
College team
(ņ’-èπ◊-†oõ‰d. ´÷ Öûªh´’ ïô’d •£æ›-´’A
Èí©’--èπ◊çC.)
Pranaya: Aren't you a member of your college team? I know
you are. Congrats. I'm really happy.
Hei, Congrats.
(O’ college team ™ †’´¤y member é¬ü∆? †’´¤y mem-
ber ÅE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ ÆæçûÓ-
≠æçí¬ ÖçC.)
Vismaya: I got the best speaker award too.
(Ø√èπ◊ Öûªh´’ ´éπh •£æ›-´’A èπÿú≈ ´*açC.)
Pranaya: Hei, that's fine. Congrats again. That's great news.
(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. ´’Sxcongrats. ÅC íÌ°æp N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’)
Vismaya: I may tell you too that this is the third time in a row
that I got the best speaker award.
(ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç èπÿú≈ îÁ§ƒpL. ؈’ Öûªh´’ ´éπh •£æ›-´’A
§Òçü¿ôç ÉC ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ ´‚úÓ-≤ƒJ.)
Pranaya: That's fantastic. I am really delighted. Keep it up.
(î√™« Åü¿’s¥ûªç. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ Ç†ç-ü¿çí¬ ÖçC. É™«Íí é̆-
≤ƒ-Tç.)
Vismaya: Not I'm proud of it, but since my debut three years
ago, I've been getting some prize or the other in
which ever debate contest I spoke.
(Åçõ‰ í∫®Ωyçí¬ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç é¬ü¿’-í¬F, ´‚úË∞¡x éÀçü¿ô ¢Á·ôd-
¢Á·-ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒ-Jí¬ §ƒ™Ô_†o°æpöÀ †’ç* ؈’ ´÷ö«x-úÕ† v°æA §ÚöÃ-
™†÷ àüÓ äéπ •£æ›-´’A Èí©’--èπ◊ç-ô÷ØË ÖØ√o.)
debut - î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ´÷ô, î√™« Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x ¢√úø’-
ûª’çö«ç. DE pronunciation È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ Öçô’çC.
1) úÁß˝’•÷u – 'úÁ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
2) úÁ•÷u – 'úÁ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
3) úÁß˝’•÷u – '•÷u— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
4) úÕ•÷u – '•÷u— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
Å®Ωnç: éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’© ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ v°æü¿-®Ωz†/ ®Ωçí∫ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç. †ô’©’,
Ø√ôuçîËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx, véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’© ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ v°æü¿-®Ωz†/ Å®ΩçÍívôç.
Pranaya: Really? That's most encouraging, I must say. Keep it up.
(Å´¤Ø√? î√™« v§Úû√q-£æ«-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. Å™«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-Tç.)
Vismaya: Oh, thank you so much.
Pranaya: At this rate you are on your way to being a great
speaker.
speaker
(ÉüËB®Ω’ é̆-≤ƒ-TûË †’¢Óy íÌ°æp í¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-û√´¤.)
Vismaya: I'm not so sure of that, but I shall at least be good at
communication when I enter a career.
(ÅüË¢Á÷ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’, é¬F àüÁjØ√ ÖüÓuí∫ç, ´%Ah™ v°æ¢Ë-
Pç-*-†-°æ¤púø’ communication ™ ØË®Ω’pç-ô’çC.)
Communication skills are important for any career now. (É°æ¤púø’
à career ™ØÁjØ√ communication skills ´·êuç. career - pron.
éπKߪ’/ éπJ – 'éπ— ØÌéÀ\°æ©’èπ◊û√ç – ´%Ah, ÖüÓu-í¬©’)
Pranaya: That's good. When you speak next time, let me know.
I am eager to listen to you at a debate competition at
the earliest opportunity.
(´’ç*C. Ñ≤ƒJ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω’. Ñ≤ƒJ
¢ÁçôØË ´îËa Å´-é¬-¨¡ç™ F speech NØ√-©E Çvûªçí¬ ÖØ√o.)
Vismaya: I will.
Pranaya: OK, bye.
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ´’†ç í∫´’-Eç-*çC– NÆætߪ’ v°æA¶µº†’ -v°æ-ù-ߪ’-†’ ÅGµ-†ç-
Cç-îªúøç, v§Úûªq-£œ«ç-îªúøç (congratulating and encouraging). ÅçûË
-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ 'at' preposition ¢√úøéπç. NNüµ¿ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©èπ◊ ûªT† expres-
sions English ™ ¢ËÍ®y-®Ω’í¬ Öçö«®·.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
In the conversation above- ûª†’ Èí©’--èπ◊†o prize N≠æߪ’ç NÆætߪ’
îÁ°œp†-°æ¤púø’ v°æùߪ’ ÅGµ-†ç-CÆæ÷h ņo ´÷ô©’ îª÷ü∆lç:
a) Congrats. I am really happy. b) Hei, that's fine. congrats again.
c) That's fantastic. d) I am really delighted.
e) Keep it up. f) Really? that's most encouraging, I must say.
ÅGµ-†ç-Cç-îªôç:Congratulating.
-v°æ-¨¡o: I. Teacher won't have their children play in the rain.
á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ ≤ƒCµç-*-†-°æ¤púø’, ´’†ç ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úøf-
°æ¤púø’, ≤ƒCµç-*-†-¢√-JE ÅGµ-†ç-Cç-îª-ö«-EéÀ, Congrats Åçö«ç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰
°æ‹Jh ´÷ôí¬ congratulations Åçö«ç. Teacher won't let their children play in the rain
Congrats/ Congratulations ûª®√yûª on ÅØË preposition ¢√úøû√ç. Teacher won't get their children to play in the rain.
Congrats for ÅØËC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
é¬Ææh formal í¬ ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË expressions: °j ´‚úÕç-öÀéÀ Å®√n©’, ¶µ‰ü∆-©†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
1) Let me congratulate you on ... II. He will not have me doing any job =
2) Accept my congratulation on ... Çߪ’† ''Ø√îËûª à °æE îË®·ç-îª-E-´yúø’.——
3) Please accept my congratulations on ... ''Çߪ’† ††’o à °æE îËÆæ’-éÓ-E-´yúø’.—— Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®é˙d?
4) Do accept my congratulation on ... III. O’®Ω’ äéπ-J-îËûª äéπ-°æE îË®·ç--éÌØË N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ make, have, get
congratulations
*†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx ûª´’-éπçõ‰ °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ °j Nüµ¿çí¬ îÁ•’-û√®Ω’. Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√®Ω’. Ñ ´‚úÕçöÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç î√™« í∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ-∞¡çí¬
Éçé¬ formal í¬ Å®·ûË–
ÖçC. Ñ ´‚úÕçöÀ ´’üµ¿u ¶µ‰ü∆Eo, à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ó
May I congratulate you on ...
Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’u™« N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
IV. I will get to know
I will get him to know. Å®Ωnç, ¶µ‰ü¿ç ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
– ®ΩN, N’®√u-©-í∫÷úø, †™Ô_çúø >™«x.
ï-¢√-•’:
I. Teacher won't have their children play in the rain.
Allow me to offer my congratulations on ... ¢Á·ü¿öÀ N≠æߪ’ç: Ééπ\úø 'Teacher' countable singular - Åçü¿’-éπE
ÉçéÌçîÁçeffective heartiest/ warmest congratulation
í¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ ü∆E´·çü¿’, 'A' é¬E 'The' é¬F éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Öçú≈L. È®çúÓC.. Their
Åçö«ç. children ÅE ÖçC éπü∆– Their Åçõ‰ á´J children ÅE? ÅC
clear í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’úø癉ü¿’ 鬕öÀd the children Åçõ‰ ambiguity
¶«í¬ ’-´¤†o¢√∞¡x†÷, ´’†-éπçõ‰ *†o-¢√-∞¡x†’ ÅGµ-†ç-CçîË Nüµ∆†ç:
a) Hei, Congrats. (Ææç-Cí∫l¥ç) Öçúøü¿’.
b) Congrats on your excellent performance/ achievement/ dis-
tinction.
c) Congrats. Keep it up. d) That's splendid, congrats.
ÅGµ†ç-ü¿-†-ûÓ-§ƒô’ v§Úûªq-£œ«ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’ É™« Öçö«®·.
a) Nice/ fantastic/ terrific b) That's really great of you
c) Happy to hear that d) It makes me very happy to hear that
e) I appreciate that 1. The teacher won't have the children play in the rain Åçõ‰
f) I wonder if at your age, I could've done as well. °œ©x©’ ´®Ω{ç™ Çúø’-éÓ-´ôç Ç¢Á’-éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’/ Ç¢Á’ ä°æ¤p-éÓü¿’/ Ç¢Á’
(F ´ßª’-Ææ’™ ؈’ †’´¤y îËÆœ-†çûª/ ≤ƒCµç-*-†çûª ≤ƒCµç-îª-í∫-©-¢√-úÕØ√/ °œ©xLo ´®Ω{ç™ Çúø’-éÓ-E-´yü¿’ ÅE Å®Ωnç. OöÀ™ à Å®Ωn-¢Á’iØ√
ü∆EØ√ ÅE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.) BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. Çúø’-éÓ-E-´yü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç áèπ◊\´ Ææ’p¥J-Ææ’hçC.
Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥-¨¡Ÿ-Cl¥í¬ °j ´÷ô©’ ¢√úÕûË ´’† conversation î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. 2. The teacher won't let the children play in the rain Åçõ‰
-É-¢Ë ¢√ú≈-©E rule àç ™‰ü¿’. Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ ûªT-†ô’x à ´÷õ„jØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. Teacher °œ©xLo ´®Ω{ç™ Çúø’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ņ’-´’-Aç-îªü¿’ =
Éçé¬ É™«-èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.
a) You're doing fine; you can do even better: î√™« ¶«í∫’çC, Éçé¬
Çúø’-éÓ-E-´yü¿’ ÅE Å®Ωnç.
¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ îËߪ’-í∫-©´¤. 3. The teacher won't get the children to play in the rain -
b) Lovely/ wonderful c) Come on, go ahead. (¶«í∫’çC, é¬Fß˝’) teacher
DEéÀ èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç °œ©xLo ´®Ω{ç™ Çúø-E-´yü¿’ ÅØË.
d) Go on! Keep at it! (†’´¤y îËÊÆC ¶«í¬ØË ÖçC. é̆-≤ƒ-Tç.) get
Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ ¶µ«´ç ûÁ©-§ƒ-©-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-
e) That makes me very glad. Tçîªç.
f) I wish I could do as well. (؈çûª ¶«í¬ îËߪ’í∫LTûË áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-úËC!) àüÁjØ√ á´-J-îË-ûª-ØÁjØ√ îË®·ç-î√®Ω’ ÅØË positive Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË get
ÉN ¶«í¬ practice conversation
îËÊÆh ´’† ™ ¶µ«í∫¢Á’i ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’- ¢√úøû√ç.
èπ◊ç-ú≈ØËcorrect í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. II. Çߪ’† ††’o à °æ-F îËÆæ’-éÓ-E-´yúø’ = He doesn't let me do any
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ work/ He doesn't allow me to do any work. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿú≈
at expressions
É°æ¤púø’ ûÓ ´îËa éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç.
'à °æE îË®·ç-îª-E-´y-úø’—èπ◊ 'îËÆæ’éÓE´y-úø’—èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™ î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC
1. At this rate - Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬ Å®·ûË, Ñ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x, É™«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-TûË éπ∫ü∆.
a) At this rate, it will take another decade for India to be totally
He will not have me doing any job Åçõ‰ Çߪ’† †ØËo°æE
literate =v°æÆæ’hûª/ Ñ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x/ É°æ¤púø’ Ñ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x/ É™«Íí é̆-
≤ƒ-TûË, ¶µ«®Ωû˝ °æ‹Jhí¬ Åéπ~-®√-Ææuûª §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ ÉçéÓ °æüË∞¡Ÿx °æúø’-ûª’çC. îËÆæ’-éÓ-E-´yúø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’. -Ø√îËûª à °æF îË®·ç-îªúø’ ÅØË Å®Ωn¢Ë’
decade - úÁÈé-ß˝’ú˛ – °æüË∞¡x é¬©ç ´Ææ’hçC.
Literate = Lô-Jö¸ – Åéπ~-®√-Ææ’uúø’/ Åéπ~-®√-Ææ’u-™„j† III. He makes her clean the room everyday =
b) This is how he studies. If he continues at this rate, I wonder Ç¢Á’ îËûª í∫C ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îË®·-≤ƒhúø’.
if he will pass. = ÉD Oúø’ îªü¿-´ôç/ îªC¢Ë B®Ω’. É™« é̆-≤ƒ-TûË,
ÅÆæ©’ pass Å´¤-û√ú≈ ÅØËC ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’. (Ç¢Á’èπ◊ É≠ædç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ – Ç¢Á’ É≥ƒd-E≥ƒd-©ûÓ EN’ûªhç ™‰èπ◊çú≈)
2. Good at, bad at, etc. äéπ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ íÌ°æp Å®·ûË, good at, He has her clean the room everyday = Room Ç¢Á’-îËûª
great at, clever at, smart at, etc Åçö«ç. clean îË®·-≤ƒhúø’ = He makes her clean the room everyday.
a) Tendulkar is good at bating = bat
¶«í¬ îË≤ƒhúø’ È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰.
b) She is clever at maths = Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ™„éπ\©’ ¶«í¬ ´îª’a. He gets her to clean the room = Ç¢Á’†’ °œL-°œç* room clean
c) They are great at medicine = ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¢Ájü¿uç ¶«í¬ ´îª’a/ ¢Ájü¿u îË®·ç-î√úø’. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ç °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç É≠ædç Öçúø-´îª’a.
He got a near by mechanic to repair the fan = Fan repair
®Ωçí∫ç™ íÌ°æp¢√®Ω’.
bad at - °j ¢√öÀéÀ ´uA-Í®éπç.
mechanic
a) He is bad at maths = Åûª-úÕéÀ í∫ùÀûªç ®√ü¿’
îË®·ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω Ö†o †’ °œL-°œç--èπ◊E/ °œL-°œç*
b) They are bad at dancing = ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Ø√ôuç ®√ü¿’. repair
îË®·ç-î√úø’.
EXERCISE IV. I will get to know = ؈’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÌç-ö«†’/ ᙫíÓ äéπ-™«í∫’
Practise as many sentences on the following as possible. ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’/ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.
a) The earlier you start, the better. I will get him to know = ¢√úÕéÀ ûÁL-ÊÆ-ôô’x îË≤ƒh†’/ ûÁL-ߪ’
(†’´¤y áçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË-JûË Åçûª ´’ç*C) -°æ-®Ω’-≤ƒh†’ (Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬).
b) The harder you work, the better are your chances of success.
(áçûª éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îËÊÆh, Nï-ߪ÷-´-é¬-¨»©’ Åçûª ¶«í∫’ç-ö«®·.) – -áç. Ææ’Í®-¨¡-Ø˛
-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 6 -ï-†-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

e) If you don't mind =

NNüµ¿ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úË standard expressions
îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç éπü∆. éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ÅGµ-†ç-Cç-îª-ö«-EéÀ O’èπ◊ Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰éπ-§ÚûË/
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
(congratulate) èπ◊, v§Úûªq-£œ«ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ (encourag-
O’Í®-´’-†’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË
255 ing) èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† expressions ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. 5. Éçé¬ formal invitation - ¶«í¬

Ñ≤ƒJ ´’†ç äéπJE üËE-ÈéjØ√ °œ©-´-ö«-EéÀ/ Ç£æ…y- ´’®√uü¿ °æ‹®Ωyéπ¢Á’i† °œ©’-°æ¤©’:

Prabhav: What's happened to you all these a) We should/ We'd like to

v°æ-¨¡o: 1. It was due to his careless, he fell down.

days? (You're) not to be seen at all.
(ÉEo ®ÓV©÷ à´’-ߪ÷u´¤ †’´¤y?/
à¢Á’içC Fèπ◊? – ÉC ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Åçûª
ÆæÈ®j† °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ ´÷ô-é¬ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ éπE-
°œç-îª-úøç-™‰ü¿’)
Vibhav: (I've) been very much here only. I've
been very busy preparing for my
Civils.
(Ééπ\úË ÖØ√o†’. ÆœN-™¸qèπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤ûª÷
BJ-éπ-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o†’. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ à癉ü¿’.)
Ééπ\úø only, Åçõ‰ the only thing is èπ◊ shortform.
Å®Ωnç – Åçûª-éπçõ‰ à癉ü¿’ – ÅE. Civils = Civil
services exams = IAS, IPS ´çöÀ °æK-éπ~©’.
Eç-îª-ö«-EéÀ, Åçü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰Æœ °œ©’-°æ¤†’
Åçü¿’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úË expressions ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. have the pleasure of your
company/ presence at the meeting
äéπJE °œ©-´-ö«-EéÀ/ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úË stan- Owing to his careless, he fell down.
tomorrow =
dard expressions: °j ¢√é¬u™xdue to, owing to Å®Ωnç N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ’´‹, Ææyûªçvûªç Ö†o- O’®Ω’ Í®°æ¤ meeting èπ◊ ûª°æpéπ ®√¢√-©E ´÷ 2. Hardly did the peon ring the bell, when the
¢√-∞¡x†’ °œ©-´-ö«-EéÀ, Åçõ‰ ´’†ç informal í¬ ÖçúË- éÓJéπ. (ÉC î√™« íı®Ω-´-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπçí¬ °œ©-´ôç – boys left to the class.
¢√-∞¡x†’ °œL-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ (Ç£æ…y-Eç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊) ¢√úË expres- £æ«Ùü∆™/ ´ßª’-Ææ’q™/ ≤Úh´’-ûª™ ´’†-éπØ√o Scarcely did the peon ring the bell, when
sions èπÿ, ´’†ç Åçûª Ææyûªçvûªç, ’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓ-™‰E,
°ü¿l-¢√-JE É™« °œ©’≤ƒhç.) the boys left to the class.
´’®√uü¿ ¶«í¬ îª÷§ƒ-Lq† Åçõ‰ formal Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x b) We should/ We'd (We would) be highly °j ¢√é¬u™xE Hardly, Scarcely Å®√n-©†’, éÌEo
¢√úË expressions èπÿ î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. ÅN delighted if you could attend the func- Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
tion = 3. As they entered the house, they ask for
¢Ë®Ω÷, ÉN ¢Ë®Ω÷. ¢Á·ü¿ô ´’†ç Ææyûªçvûªç BÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-LT,
O’®Ω’ function èπ◊ ®√í∫-L-TûË ´÷èπ◊ ÅN’-û√- drinking water. As because /
’-´¤í¬ Ö†o-¢√∞¡x N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, Åçõ‰ informal situ- ÅÆæ©’ èπ◊ Å®Ωnç
since
éπü∆?
ation ™ ¢√úË expressions îª÷ü∆lç. †çü¿ç. ûª°æp-éπ-®ΩçúÕ.
°jsentence As As
™ èπ◊ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? †’ BÆœ-
¢ËÊÆh ¢√éπuç Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ω’-ûª’çü∆?

Hope you don't mind ..

4. Thinking is driven by questions.
driven Åçõ‰ Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ?
– á¢Á’t-≤ƒq®˝, ´’ç*-®√u©-
ï-¢√-•’: 1. It was due to his careless he fell down.
Owing to his careless, he fell down.
sentences careless
Prabhav: Meeting you, though after a long 1. How about/ What about. ÉC î√™« informal °j È®çúø’ ™
INVITATIONS carelessness, correct.
time, makes me very happy. Let's invite
í¬ îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç. ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ’´¤ ûª°æ¤p.
expressions Informal Formal due to = owing to.
celebrate our meeting. (Would you) Ö†o¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¢√úË ÉN. È®çúÕçöÀ Å®Ωnç
due to sen-
care for some snacks and coffee in a) How about joining us for a picnic? 1) Would you like to ...
Åçü¿’-´©x ÅE. Å®·ûË ûÓ
1) How about/
tence begin îËߪ’ôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. O’®Ω’-
any eatery nearby? What about 2) We'd like to have It was due to ... correct.
´÷ûÓ °œéÀoé˙Íé´’Ø√o ´≤ƒh¢√? ®√-Æœ-†ô’x
(E†’o î√™«-鬩ç ûª®√yûª®·Ø√ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ- b) What about (making it to) a dinner tomor- 2) Why don't you ...?/ the pleasure of ... Åçõ‰ due to 'be' form
´·çüÁ-°æ¤púø÷ ®√¢√L.
row?
Why can't you ... ? 3) Please ... eg: His failure was (be form) due to his lazi-
´ôç Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. ´’† éπ©-
®·-éπ†’ °æçúøí¬_ îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o Í®°æ¤ úÕ†o®˝èπ◊ ´≤ƒh¢√?/ ®√èπÿ-úøü¿÷? (ûª°æp- 3) Do come for ... 4) Please do us the ness = he failed owing to his laziness.
°∂æ©-£æ…-®Ω-¨»-©™ àüÁjØ√ AE 鬰∂‘ û√í∫ôç èπ◊çú≈ ®√ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆæÈ®j† favour of ... It was due to begin clause
4) I'd like you to ...
Å-E îËÊÆh, È®çúÓ
É≠æd¢Ë’Ø√?) Ç£æ…y†ç ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ úÕ†o®˝èπ◊ ´≤ƒh¢√? ņç that begin
5) We'd like you to ... 5) We'd like to have
ûÓ Å´¤-ûª’çC.
celebrate (an occasion) = àüÁjØ√ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† éπü∆. úÕ†o-®˝èπ◊ ®√ ÅØËüË ÆæÈ®j† °œ©’°æ¤. é¬F It was due to his careless, he fell down -
the
ÉC
Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo ¢Ëúø’-éπí¬ E®Ωy-£œ«ç--éÓ-´úøç. English ™ How about (´îËa-ü¿’ç-ü∆/ Öçú≈-Lq† B®Ω’ - It was due to his careless-
Vibhav: That'd be really nice and I am hungry ´≤ƒh¢√? ņôç) î√™« common.) 6) Would you mind ...? ness, that he failed. È®çúÓ clause, that ûÓ
too. Let's see where we can find a 2. Why don't you ...? ÉC èπÿú≈ î√™« informal 7) Hope you don't begin Å´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
good restaurant. invitation èπ◊ ¢√úË expression. mind ... 2. Hardly did the peon ring the bell when the
(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC, Ø√èπ◊ Çéπ-Lí¬ èπÿú≈ a) Why don't you attend my sister's birthday boys left the class = Scarcely did the peon
ÖçC. ´’ç* È®≤ƒd-È®çö¸ áéπ\úø ÖçüÓ party coming Friday? ÉO formal and informal invitations (Ç£æ…y-Ø√©’ – ring the bell when the boys left the class =
îª÷ü∆lç.) ´îËa ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç ´÷ sister °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV party éÀ ’-´¤†o¢√∞¡xûÓ/ ™‰E¢√∞¡xûÓ) èπ◊ ¢√úË standard No sooner did the peon ring the bell than
Prabhav: What'd (What would) you like to eat? expressions. ÉN ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. the boys left the class = As soon as the
áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿ-úøü¿’? (Åçõ‰ '®Ω´’tE— Å®Ωnç)
This place is good for poori. Nothing peon rang the bell the boys left the class =
b) Why don't you make it for tea tomorrow EXERCISE
to beat its hot, puffed up poories with peon (•çvöûª’) í∫çô-éÌ-öÀd† ¢ÁçôØË/ éÌöÃd-éÌ-ôd-éπ-
evening? Practise the following aloud in English class sentences
potato curry to go with it.
´·çüË °œ©x©’ -´-C-™‰-¨»®Ω’. (-O’ -
Í®°æ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´÷ Éçöx tea BÆæ’èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ îµ√ߪ’: ´÷ߪ÷, Í®°æ¤ Ø√ °æ¤öÀd-†-®Óñ‰. ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ®√. ™ left to the class Left for the class
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
(àç AØ√-©-†’-èπ◊çô’Ø√o´¤? Ñ È®≤ƒd- ®√. = class Left the class = class
èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x®Ω’. †’ç*
3. Please ... ÉC éÌClí¬ formal. Åçõ‰ ´’†ç
È®çö¸™ °æ‹J î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. ´÷ߪ’: éπ*aûªçí¬ ´≤ƒh. Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hçC.
´îËa-¨»®Ω’.)
Some more examples:
¢ËúÕí¬, §ÒçT† °æ‹K©’, ü∆EéÀ Dõ„j† Åçûªí¬ ’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓ-™‰E ´uèπ◊h-©ûÓ ´u´-£æ«-Jç-îË- îµ√ߪ’: O’ Å¢Á’t-éπ\úø? Ç¢Á’†’ èπÿú≈ °œ©-¢√-©-†’çC.
a) Hardly did he buy the tickets when the
•çí¬-∞«-ü¿’ç°æ èπÿ®Ωèπ◊ Ææ´÷†ç àD-™‰ü¿’) ô-°æ¤púø’, ¢√∞¡x†’ °œL-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË °æü¿ç. ´÷ߪ’: Ééπ\úË ÖçC. îÁ°æ¤p.
Vibhav: Then Let's have it. That's something a) Please come home for a party tomorrow îµ√ߪ’: Aunty, (ÉC ÆæÈ®j† English é¬ü¿’.) movie began = Scarcely did he buy the
after my heart. evening. tickets when the movie began = Tickets
O’®Ω÷´ÊÆh Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç.
(ÅC BÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ÅC Ø√éÀ≠dçæ .) Í®°æ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´÷ Éçöx §ƒKdéÀ ®ΩçúÕ/ ®Ω´’tE ´÷ߪ’-ûªLx: ûª°æpéπ ®√¢√-©ØË ÖçC, é¬E ´·êu-¢Á’i† °æE é̆o ¢ÁçôØË movie v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’içC.
After my heart = Ø√éÀ-≠d-¢æ Á’içC. éÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç. b) Hardly did the school close when all the
ÖçC Í®°æ¤. ´÷ߪ’ ´Ææ’hç-C™‰.
something after his heart = Åûª-úÕéÀ É≠æd¢Á’içC. b) Please make it to the function. Don't fail. boys rushed home = school Å®·-§Ú-í¬ØË
Prabhav: By the way, now that we've met let
îµ√ߪ’: ´÷ߪ’ ´÷ ÉçöxØË ®√vAéÀ ÖçúÕ§ÚûË O’Íéç
function
ûª°æpéπ ®ΩçúÕ èπ◊. °œ©x©’ É∞¡xèπ◊ °æ®Ω’Èí-û√h®Ω’.
me tell you this. Some of us are plan- Å™«Íí ´’J-éÌçîÁç formal í¬ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªôç:
Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? 3. As Åçõ‰ because/ since ÅØË é¬èπ◊çú≈ (àüÁjØ√
ning a trip to Ajanta. Why don't you 4. Would you mind/ Would you care to/
´÷ߪ’-ûªLx: Å™«Íí. N≠æߪ’ç) ïJ-T-†-°æ¤púø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
join us? ANSWER a) As he walked along the street, he met his
Would you like to ... ?
Vibhav: Oh, that's really fine. I am really Chaya: Tomorrow is my birth day. Do come. uncle = ®Óúø’f ¢Áç•úÕ †úø’-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡x
a) Would you mind attending a small func-
delighted. When is this trip to be? Maya: I'll certainly make it. I remembered
´÷´’-ߪ’u†’ éπL-¨»úø’.
tion at the Taj tomorrow?
b) As they entered the house, they asked
(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ ÆæçûÓ- Í®°æ¤ Taj Hotel ™ ïJÍí *†o function èπ◊ your birthday.
(ask for drinking water =
Ééπ\úø ûª°æ¤p) ¢√∞¡Ÿx
≠æçí¬ ÖçC. á°æ¤púŒ v°æߪ÷ùç?) ûª°æp-éπ-®ΩçúÕ. Chaya: Where's you mom. I'd like to invite her ÉçöxéÀ v°æ¢Ë-P-Ææ÷h/ -v°æ-¢Ë-P-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤p-úø’/- v°æ-¢Ë-Pç-îª-
Prabhav: The first week of next month. (ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç – ´îËaçü¿’Íé´’Ø√o Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç too. í¬ØË ´’ç*F∞¡x-úÕ-í¬®Ω’.
Angiras is looking after the reserva- Öçü∆? ÅE.) Maya: There she is. Tell her. 4. Thinking is driven by questions:
tions and other arrangements.
mind = (´·êuçí¬ question form ™/ not Chaya: (to Maya's mother) I'd be delighted/ Driven, drive past participle. Drive
èπ◊ Åçõ‰
(´îËa ØÁ© ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-¢√®Ωç. ÇçU-®ΩÆˇ, reser- is driven
pleased/ happy if you could attend my
ûÓ) Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç. ûÓ©ôç ÅE ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆. Åçõ‰ ûÓ©-
vations, N’í∫û√ ´u´-£æ…-®√©’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç- drive
b) Would you mind telling me your name? = birthday party.
•-úø’-ûª’çC ÅE. Å®·ûË Åçõ‰ vÊ°Í®-°œç-îªôç
ô’-Ø√oúø’.) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. O’ sentence is ™
Maya's mother: I'd like to, very much, but I've
O’ Ê°®Ω’ îÁ§ƒh®√? (Ŷµºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?)
Vibhav: Thank you for the chance of some driven sen-
c) (Would you) mind my sitting here? =
éÀ Å®Ωnç vÊ°Í®-°œç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’çC ÅE.
nice time. some work. Maya will be there. tence Å®Ωnç, Ç™- v°æ¨¡o©-´-©x vÊ°Í®-°œç-îª-•-úø’-
(Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úÕÊ° Ææ´’-ߪ÷Eo éπLpç-*- ØËE-éπ\úø èπÿ®Óa-´î√a? (O’éπ-¶µºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?) Chaya: (Would you) mind if Maya stays at my ûª’çC ÅE. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ v°æ¨¡o©’ Ç™-îª-
d) Hope you don't mind my saying this =
†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ ü∑∆çé˙q.) place/ with me for the night? ††’ vÊ°Í®-°œ-≤ƒh-®·/- Í®-Èé-Ah-≤ƒh®· ÅE. Åçõ‰
ØËF ´÷ô Åçõ‰ O’Íé Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«/
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ Maya's mother: It's OK.
v°æ¨¡o©’ ´’†Lo Ç™-*ç°æñ‰≤ƒh®· ÅE.
O’Í®-´’-†’-éÓ-®Ω-†’èπ◊çö«.
-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 8 -ï-†-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

á´-JéÀ †îªaE- ü- ûjÁ Ë ü∆Eo-•öÀd ¢√úø´- a. conversa- (à-¢Á’Øi √ ØË®√-™†‰ ’. †’´¤y é¬E-
tion™ ÉC î√™« common expression – not my îËaß˝’)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
cup of tea ÅØËC O’ conversation™ ¢√úøçúÕ. É°æ¤ú’ø Ç- £æ…y-Ø- √-EéÀ ¢Á∞¡™-x é-‰ π§- Ú-´ôç
256 ● film music is not his cup of tea. He like clas- formal í¬ á™« îÁ§ƒp™ îª÷ü∆l´÷!
sical music. formal í¬ Åçõ‰ ´’†-éπçõ‰ ´ßª’-
Bhas: The Sabarimala season has started, (Åûªú- ’ø éÀ film ÆæçUûªç É≠æçd ™‰ü¿’. ¨»Æ‘ß
Y ª’ ÆæçUûªç Ææ’™, £æ«Ùü∆™, ≤Ún´’-û™ª , °ü¿-l
hasn't it? É≠æ°-d ú-æ û-ø √úø’) ¢√∞¡Ÿx °œL*- †-°¤æ ú’ø Ææ’Eo-ûçª í¬ A®ΩÆ- æ \- -v°æ. Will, Would èπ◊ ûËú≈- à-N’-öÀ?
(¨¡•J- ´- ’© ߪ÷vû√ Æ洒ߪ’ç ´îËaÆ- çœ C éπü∆?) Vyas: Let's not compel him. Jç-îö-ª «-EéÀ ¢√úË expressions É°æ¤ú’ø îª÷ü∆lç. I will play cricket
Vyas: It has of course. But why are you asking? ( 1) Pridhvi: Mr Varun, please attend as a small
Å-ûú-ª E-Õ ´- ’-†ç •©-´çûªç îËß·Á ü- ¿’™l )‰ . I would play cricket
(Å´¤†’. áçü¿’è- π◊ Å- ú- ’ø í∫’û- ª’Ø- √o´¤?) éÀçü- ¿ö- À lesson ™ ´’†ç °œ©’°æ¤†- èπ◊ (Ç£æ…y-Eç-îö-ª «- get together tomorrow evening at -v°æ. Either come in or go out -D-E -Å®Ωnç -™°æ-LéÀ
Bhas: You go there every year. wondering EéÀ)¢√úË formal and informal expressions îª÷¨»ç- my place. ®√ -™‰-ü∆ -•-ߪ’-öÀéÀ -§Ú éπ-ü∆?
why you don't have your black clothes éπü∆. É°æ¤púø’ Ç£æ…y-Ø√Eo ´’Eoç-îö-ª «-EéÀ, Æ‘yéπJ- ç-îö-ª «-EéÀ (´÷ Éçöx Í®´¤ ïJÍí *†o party éÀ Either of you can go out,
and mala on this year yet. (accepting an invitation) A®ΩÆ - æ \J- ç-îö-ª «-EéÀ (reject- ûª°pæ é- π®- ΩçúÕ) Either way , it is good. °j -¢√éπuç-™ or -™‰-ü¿’
(v°Aæ ≤- ƒ-K ¢Á∞«h´¤ éπü∆ †’´¤y. Ñ≤ƒ-Jçé¬ †©x ing an invitation), formal and informal ¢√úË Varun: So thoughtful of you, Mr Pridhvi to invite éπ-ü∆ Either or
- Öç--õ‰ - Öç-ú≈-L éπ-ü∆
•ôd©÷, ´÷™« ¢ËÆæ’é- Ó-™ü-‰ çË ö« ÅE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’- expressions îª÷ü∆lç. me. Thank you, but you'd excuse me. I -°j -¢√éπuç -Å®√n-Eo -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
Ø√o†’.) ´’†ç-ü¿J- éà ûÁLÆ- †œ informal expression, invitations have some important work. -v°æ. È®ç-úø’ í∫-ûª Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†-©’ -ï-J-T-†°æ¤p-úø’ -¢Á·-ü¿-öÀ-ü∆-Eo
Vyas: I propose to be on deeksha from this Sat- accept î -ß -Ë ª’ú- ≈-EéÀ: (††’o í∫’®Ω’hçî- ª’è- π◊E °œL- *- †ç-ü¿’èπ◊ thanks. simple past -™  È®ç-úÓ-ü∆-Eo past perfect -™ 
urday onwards that's when I will have the Thank you very much / thanks for the invitation, é¬E éπ~N’ç-î√L. Í®°æ¤ Ø√èπ◊ ´·êu-¢Á’i† îÁ-§ƒp-™«?
mala on. A few others and I are going, When I was arrived the station,
the train had left.

It is not my cup of tea... - Ñ -¢√é¬u-Eo éÀç-C -N-üµ¿çí¬ èπÿ-ú≈ -îÁ°æp-

´-î√a?
When I arrived the station, the
train was leaving.
- áç.-áÆˇ.-Ç®˝, -´’ç-*®√u-©
how about joining us this time? I'll certainly come /I'll be there, and on time (؈- ï-¢√--•’:
(Ñ ¨¡E¢- √®Ωç †’ç* Déπ~™ Öçö«†’. ´÷© time
éπ\ú- ’ø ç-ö«†’ ÅD èπ◊ ÆæJí¬) etc. °æ†’çC.) -ï. will, would èπ◊ ûËú≈-
¢ËÆæ’è- π◊ç-ö«†’. ؈’ ´’J éÌçü¿®Ωç ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç. Ç£æ…y-Ø√Eo informal í¬ ´’EoçîË / Æ‘yéπJ- ç-î- çË ü¿’èπ◊ ● Mister ÅE Ææç¶-Cçµ î- ôª ç formality †- ’ Ææ÷*- will É°æpöÀ †’ç* future †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.
†’´¤y ´≤ƒh¢√? ´’J-éÌEo Éûª®Ω expresions îª÷ü∆lç.. Ææ’hçC. Would í∫ûªç -†’ç-* future †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. (He
Bhas: That's precisely why I am asking. I'd ● formal í¬ A®ΩÆ- æ \J- ç-îçË ü- ¿’èπ◊ éÌEo expressions said (í∫ûªç™ ÅØ√oúø’) that he would help
1. Thank you I'd be very much there.
like to go with you this time. How are a) I'd like to very much, but I can't. Sorry her (í∫ûªç™ †’ç* future ™ help îË≤ƒh-†E)
(thank you. ؈’ ûª°pæ éπ Åéπ\ú- éÕ À ´≤ƒh†’)
you going? Will, Would†’ í∫’Jç-*† N’í∫û√ Å稻-©†’ î√™«
2. Certainly, that suits me fine = (®√¢√-©E ¶«í¬ éÓJ-éπí¬ ÖçC é¬E ®√™‰†’)
(Åçü¿’é- Ó-Æ¢æ ’Ë Åúø’í- ∫’û- ª’Ø- √o†’. ؈’ FûÓ ®√¢√-
( ûª°pæ éπ ´≤ƒh†’. Ø√éπC î√™« É≠æçd ). b) You wouldn't mind l may not making it/ com- N´-®Ωçí¬ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ lessons -™ N´-Jçî√ç.
©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ᙫ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ- √o´¤? ing, would you? I have some work. îª÷úøçúÕ.
Really? I am there certainly =
(precisely: v°Âœ ÆjÆ–x‘ éπ*a-ûç ª í¬ Åçü¿’Íé) 3. -ï. Either... or, Åçõ‰ ÅüÁjØ√ ÆæÍ®, ÉüÁjØ√ ÆæÍ® ÅE
(
(Ø√èπ◊ °æ†’çC. ؈’ ®√™‰é- π§- ÚûË O’Í®´- ’-†’-éÓ®Ω’ éπü∆?)
Vyas: As usual. By vanayatra
Å-´¤Ø√?؈- ’ ûª°pæ éπ Öçö«†’/ ´≤ƒh†’).
c) Santan: We'd be delighted to have you
Å®Ωnç.
4. Thank you so much / very much. with plea- a) Either of Åçõ‰, È®çúÕç-öÀ-™ /-É-ü¿l-J™ àüÁj-Ø√/-á-´-
(´÷´‚©’ Nüµ¿çí- ¬ØË ´†ßª÷vûª îËÆæ’hØ- √o†’.
sure = Thank you. inau gurate the function.
ÆæçûÓ-≠çæ í¬ ´≤ƒh. È®jØ√ ÆæÍ®, ÅE. Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ either
¨¡•J- ´- ’© ߪ÷vAè- π◊©’ ¢Á·ûªhç ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ*
5. Would I say no? (Ç function O’®Ω’ v§ƒ®ΩçG- ç-µ î- ú-ª ç-ø ´÷èπ◊ £æ«®Ωü-{ ∆-ߪ’éπç) ûª®√yûª or ®√ü¿’. Å™«Íí Either way Åçõ‰ È®çúø’
¢Á∞¡ôx ç ´†-ߪ÷vû.ª ) Prasad: I'm afraid I won't be able to. However,
Bhas: What does it mean? (Åçõ‰) (é¬ü¿E Åçö«Ø√?)= (ûª°pæ éπ ´≤ƒh†- E) °æü¿l¥-ûª’-™x à Nüµ¿çí¬ Å®·Ø√ ÆæÍ®, ÅE.
thank you for the invitation. Prakash: Shall we have chicken or biryani?
Vyas: A long trek of around 45 km up the hill É™« Ææçü¿®- √s¥E- éÀ ûªT† informal expressions à-¢ØjÁ √
¢√úø´îª’a. ÉN informal Åçõ‰ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ’-´¤çúË (؈’-®√-™†‰ ’, Thank you °œL*- †- ç-ü¿’èπ◊) (Chicken
and down the valley through the jungle,
Açü∆´÷, G®√uF Açü∆´÷?)
¢√∞¡x Ç£æ…y-Ø√Eo Æ‘yéπJ- çîË N-ü∆µ †- ç Éçé¬ informal í¬ d) I am sorry I can't. My regrets. Pramod: Either way is the same for me.
across fords and burns. Why don't you
join? üµ¿yEç-î√-©ç-õ‰ Ñ - éÀçC- ¢- √-öE-À î- ª÷ú- çø ú- .Õ (؈’ ®√™‰†- E ¶«üµ¿°- ú-æ ’ø û- ª’Ø√o.) (Ø√èπ◊ È®-çúÕç-öÀ-™ à-üÁjØ√ äéπõ‰)
(ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 45 éÀ.O’. †úøéπ– éÌçúø™- é„ \À , ™ߪ’™- xéÀ 6. You bet I am there = ؈é- π\úø Öçúøôç/ ®√´ôç regret = *çAç-îú -ª çø . °jj Ææç-¶µ«-≠æ-ù-™ either Åçõ‰ È®çöÀ™ à-üÁjØ√ ÆæÍ®
CT, ¢√í∫’©’ ´çéπ©’ ü∆ô’ûª÷ ¢- ∞-Á «xL- . ´÷ûÓ EÆæqç-ü£Ë «æ ç. e) It's very kind of you, but I regret I have to dis- ÅE Å®Ωnç 鬕öÀd, or ®√ü¿’.
áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿú- ü-ø ¿’?) 7. I am game for it = ؈’ Æœü¿ç¥l . I am game for appoint you. = O’ ü¿ß - ª’èπ◊ î√™« üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’, é¬F ÉC îª÷úøçúÕ
it Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ informal. You can have either an apple or a mango,
valley- ™ߪ’ ford= ¢√í∫’, burn= °œ©x 鬩’´
N’´’tLo E®√¨¡°®æ Ωaéπ ûª°pæ ú- çø ™‰ü¿’. (Å®·ûË ûÁ©’-í∫’™
8. I won't say no, surely (éπ*a-ûç Ñ ´÷ô©’ éÌçûª îµ√çü¿Æçæ í¬ ÅE-°≤-œ ƒh®· éπü∆?) but not both:
Bhas: That sounds quite exciting, though ª í¬ é¬ü¿’ ņ†’)
f) Thank you very much; I'd love to come, but I apple
strencious. ÉO Informal (°œLîË, °œL°- çœ î- ª’è- π◊ØË ¢√∞¡x ´’üµ¿u Ö†o †’-´¤y Å®·Ø√ A-†’, ´÷N’úÕ °æç-úÁjØ√ A-†’,
have to meet my lawyer exactly the same Either... or
È®ç-úø÷ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’. Ééπ\úø îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆?)
’´‹, Ææyûªçv- û√Eo •öÀ)d °œ©’-°¤æ †’ ´- ’-Eoçîªö«-EéÀ
(v¨¡´’ûÓ èπÿúÕ†- ü- †-jÁ °- pæ ö- éÀ à Öûª’qéπûª éπLT- ≤- ÚhçC) time. -ï. a) When I was arrived at the station...
Vyas: Joining us?
¢√úË ´÷ô©’. É°æ¤púø’ Ç£æ…y-Ø√Eo ´’Eoç-î™-ª é‰ π§Ú´-ö«-
(´≤ƒh¢√?) (
î√™« thanks. ®√¢√-©E áçûªí- ¬ØÓ ÖçC. é¬F ÅüË Ñ ¶µ«í∫ç™ was arrived when I
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
Bhas: Certainly. I am game for it.
EéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’ îª÷ü∆lç.
Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ´÷ lawyer †’ éπ©¢- √Lq ÖçC.) arrived correct.
1. Sorry, I can't come / can't make it. Åçõ‰ØË
b) When I arrived at the station, the train had
● ÅüË î√-™« formal í¬ Ç£æ…y-Ø√Eo ´’Eoç-î √-®Ω†
(ûª°pæ è- π◊çú≈ ؈’ Æœü¿¢¥l ’Ë )
2. How I'd like, very much, but I can't come. - ’-
Vyas: Here comes our friend Prabhas. éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË expressions: left = station
-ØË-†’ train
èπ◊ îËÍ®-ô°æpöÀéÀ,
(correct)
(®√¢√-©E áçûª’çüÓ, é¬F ®√™‰†’)
a) We'd / I'd be highly delighted
(-´’-† N- ’-vûª’ú- ’ø v- °¶-æ «µ Æˇ- ´Ææ’hØ- √o-ú’ø ) ¢ÁRx§Ú®·çC.
3. Wish I could come, but sorry. When I arrived at the station, the train was
Bhas: Let's ask him if he will come too. b) That's really, kind of you, thank you, I'll cer-
(®√¢√-©ØË ÖçC é¬F ®√™‰†’) leaving =
(¢√úø÷ ´≤ƒhú- ¢Ë ÷Á Åúø’í- ∫’ü∆ç) tainly make it.
4. What a pity! I've promised to accompany station train
Vyas: We are going on Sabarimala pilgrimage.
؈’ îËÍ®-°æp-öÀéÀ, ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûÓçC – É--C èπÿ-
Nitish to the bike shop. He is buying a bike c) Thanks for the invitation. You can be sure of
correct.
How about being one of us?
ú≈
( Bike shop my presence.
áçûª ü¿’®Ωü- ¿%≠æçd ! E- B≠ˇûÓ éÌ≤ƒh†- E -v°æ. a,e,i,o,u - ©-ûÓ -v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’-ßË’u -´÷--ô-© -´·ç-ü¿’
(¢Ë’ç ¨¡•J- ´- ’© ߪ÷vûèª π◊ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç. ´÷ûÓ ´÷öÀî√a, ¢- √-úÓbike éÌçô’-Ø√oúø’.) d) Pleasure will be mine./ It will be my pleasure an a
-Å-E -N’-í∫-û√-¢√-öÀ -´·ç-ü¿’ Å-E -¢√-úø’-ûª’ç-
´≤ƒh¢√?) 5. Can't we have it on some other occasion? to attend the function. a uni-
ö«ç. é¬-F -Å-C -v°æ-A≤ƒ-K éπÈ®é˙d é¬-ü¿’.
Prabhas: Sorry. Count me out.
( ÉçÈé°- ¤æ pú- ®-ø ·Ø√ °ô’dé- Ó-´îª’a éπü∆) éÌçîÁç ñ«víû-∫ hª í¬ OöÀE îªCN í∫´’Eç* Ææçü¿®- √s¥†- ’-≤ƒ- versity, a Europian éπÈ®é˙d -Åç-ö«®Ω’. -É-C -á-™«
(†ØÌo-C™- ß
-‰ ª’çúÕ) No way, old boy. You have to make do with-
®Ωçí¬ ¢√úÕûË Å¢Ë Å©-¢√-ô®- ·-§Ú-û√®·. Practice
Èé. -Ç-™p¥-Ø˛q®√-ñ¸, Ææ-ûÁh-†°æ-Lx-
6. ≤ƒ-üµ¿uç?
Bhas: Come on Prabhas let's enjoy it
out me=
îËߪ’çúÕ.
together. Exercise:
(
™«¶µºç ™‰ü¿’ /´îËaN- ü- ¿µçí¬ ™‰ü¿’. ØË®√-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË †’´¤y -ï-¢√-•’: -Å,-Ç,-É,-Ñ,Ö,-Ü,-- á, -à, -â, -ä, -ã,-- å.-
(v°¶æ «µ Æˇ Åçü¿®Ωç Ææ®Ωü- ∆í¬ ¢Á∞Ô}ü∆lç) í∫úÊ-Õ °-Ææ’é- Ó-¢√L.) Practise as many sentences as you can on the °j -ûÁ-©’í∫’ -¨¡-¶«l-™x -üË-E-ûÓ-ØÁj-Ø√ -v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’-ßË’-u -´÷-ô-
Prabhas: Sorry, cold baths, meal just once a following pattern: © -´·ç-ü¿’ an -¢√-úøç-úÕ. -N’í∫-û√-¢√-öÀ -´·ç-ü¿’ -a -
● old boy = ´’† v°ß œ ª’ N’vûª’©†’ Ææç¶- µ C- çîË B®Ω’.
day and the ritual are not-my cup of Subject Verb Object Obj complement ¢√-úøç-úÕ. University, Europian -Ñ È®ç-úø’ èπÿ-ú≈ Å
tea
7. Not a chance, I'm taking mom to
Hyderabad tomorrow. It's sudden. a) He swept the room clean -†’ç-* -å -´®Ωèπ◊ -Öç-úË -¨¡-¶«l-©-ûÓ -v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç é¬--†ç-ü¿’-†
(sorry îªFoöÀ ≤ƒo†ç, äéπ °æ‹ô ¶µï†ç, Éûª®Ω °æ‹ñ« b) She found the door locked an ®√-ü¿’ a- -´Ææ’hç-C.
(´îËa Å´-é¬-¨¡¢’Ë ™‰ü¿’.-ņ- ’éÓèπ◊ç-ú≈ ´- ÷ Å- ´- ’t-†’
°æ¤®Ω≤- ƒ\-®√©÷, Ø√èπ◊°- ú-æ E-ø N) £j«ü¿®- √-¶«-ü˛èπ◊ BÆæ’Èé∞- ¡ŸhØ√o) Ééπ\úø object complement Åçõ‰ object †’ í∫’Jç* -áç.Ææ’Í®-¨¡-Ø˛
● Not my cup of tea. á°æ¤ú÷ ø not ûÓØË ¢√úø’û√ç = 8. Go ahead. I may not be able to attend, after îÁÊ°p-´÷ô ÅE.
Ø√èπ◊ †îªaE- C. My •ü¿’©’, his, her, your, their, our- all=
-•’-üµ¿-¢√®Ωç 10 -ï-†-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
257
Anupam: Who do I see here? Nirupam?
(á´®Ω÷? E®Ω’-°æ¢˛’?)
Nirupam: Are you surprised to see me?
(††’o îª÷úøôç Ǩ¡a-®Ωuçí¬ Öçü∆?)
Anupam: Sure. I thought you were in Kolkata.
(Eïçí¬. †’´¤y éÓ™¸-éπû√™ ÖØ√o-´-†’-
èπ◊Ø√o.)
Nirupam: I was, but I got back yesterday.
(Å´¤†’, ÖØ√o. é¬E E†o AJ-íÌî√a.)
Anupam: How about some coffee? or would
you prefer to eat something before
that?
(é¬Ææh 鬰∂‘ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√? ™‰èπ◊çõ‰
´·çü¿’ àüÁjØ√ Açö«¢√?)
What brings you here?
Nirupam: I could certainly do with something
to eat and then coffee.
(é¬Ææh àüÁjØ√ AØËç-ü¿’èπÿ Ç ûª®√yûª cof-
fee 鬢√L.)
Anupam: You'll have them. What'd you like to
have?
(àç BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«´¤?)
Nirupam: You talk although we were in a
restaurant, with a variety of eats on
the menu. Get me whatever is avail-
able in the house.
(´’†ç àüÓ restaurant ™ Ö†oô’x, ®Ωéπ-
®Ω-鬩 °∂æ©£æ…-®√© menu Ö†oô÷x ´÷ö«x-
úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. Éçöx àü¿’çõ‰ ÅC °ævö«/
Açü∆ç.)
≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ Éçöx Åçõ‰ at home Åçö«ç
éπü∆. In the house Åçõ‰ é¬Ææh informal í¬
Éçöx ÅE. Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ 'éÌç°æ™— ņoô’x.
Anupam: Just wait for a few more minutes.
You can have idli and karappodi. I
expect a distant relative, an uncle of
mine. Oh, here he is. Good morning
uncle. It's really good to see you
again. How are you?
(äéπ\ éπ~ùç Öçúø’. ÉúŒx 鬮Ω-§ÒpúÕ Açü¿’-
´¤-í¬E. ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ ôdç, ´÷ uncle äé¬-
ߪ’† ´≤ƒh-úøE áü¿’®Ω’ îª÷Ææ’hØ√o. ã,
Çߪ’† ´îËa-¨»úø’. ´’Sx N’´’tLo
îª÷úøôç/ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
ÖçC. ᙫ ÖØ√o®Ω’?)
Uncle: Wonderful to meet you again, boy.
How are things going?
(éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. ᙫ
ÖØ√o´¤?)
Anupam: Fine. Thank you. By the way this is
my friend Nirupam. Nirupam, this is
my uncle Mr. Sitaram.
Nirupam: How do you do, sir?
Uncle: Fine thank you, how do you do?
Anupam: Would you like to have something,
uncle? I see you are pretty tired.
(àü¿-®·Ø√ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®√? ¶«í¬ Å©Æœ-§Ú-
®·-†-ô’d-Ø√o®Ω’.)
Uncle: You can say that. I am really tired. I
don't mind having a bite.
(†’´y-†o-ô’d-í¬ØË Eïçí¬ Å©-Æœ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.
àüÓ Açö«ØËx °ævö«.)
Anupam: Would you care for some coffee too,
uncle?
(鬰∂‘ èπÿú≈ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®√?)
Uncle: That suits me fine.
(Ç BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«.)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
íı®Ω´ ´’®√u-ü¿©÷, Çî√®Ω ´u´-£æ…-®√© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™
´’†èπÿ, English ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC. ÉçöÀ-éÌ-*a†
ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ Ææûª\-JçîË N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ´·êuçí¬ ¢√∞¡x-éÀîËa
ǣ慮Ω §ƒF-ߪ÷© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, ¢√∞¡xéπN offer îËߪ’-ö«-
EéÀ ¢√úË formal and informal expressions É°æ¤púø’
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
´’†ç ¶«í¬ ’´¤í¬ ÖçúË ´uèπ◊h-©-Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ offer îËÊÆ-
ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË informal expressions èπÿ, ´’†ç Åçûª
’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓ-™‰E ´uèπ◊h-©-Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ offer îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’
¢√úË formal expressions èπÿ ûËú≈ áèπ◊\-´-í¬ØË
Öçô’çC. Å™«Íí ´’†ç ’-´¤ûÓ Öçúø-í∫© ´uèπ◊h©’
´’†-Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ offer îËÆœ-†-°æ¤púø’ ´’† Ææpçü¿-†èπ◊, (infor-
mal response) èπÿ, ´’†-éπçûª Ææyûªç-vûªç-™‰E ´uèπ◊h©’
´’†èπ◊ îËÊÆ offers Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ´’† Ææpçü¿-†èπÿ (for-
mal response) î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC.
The conversation at the beginning of the les-
son, you can see, begins with expressions we
use when we meet others. Ñ lesson beginning
™Ö†o °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ ´÷ô-©†’ ´·çü¿’í¬ îª÷ü∆lç.
a) Who do I see here?
á´®Ω÷? E®Ω’-°æ-¢Ë’Ø√?
(´’†Lo ´÷´‚-©’í¬ éπ©-´-E-¢√∞¡Ÿx, î√™«é¬©ç
ûª®√yûª, ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ éπ©-´-ú≈-E-éÌÊÆh ¢√úË ´÷ô.)
É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ¢√úË Éûª®Ω expressions èπÿú≈
îª÷ü∆lç.
a) Look who is here: îª÷úø’ á´-®Ì-î √a®Ó (Åçõ‰
®√éπ-®√éπ ´î√a-®ΩE üµ¿yEç-îËô’x. Ééπ\úø look, ´‚úÓ
´uéÀh ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ Åçö«ç.)
b) What brings you here? = àçöÀ™« ´î√a´¤?
(ÉC Åçûª ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-´’-®·† ´÷ô é¬ü¿E éÌçü¿J
ŧڣæ«. é¬F É™« ņ-ôç™ ûªÊ°pç-™‰ü¿’.)
c) You, ... here? What a surprise! = †’´¤y,
Ééπ\ú≈! Ǩ¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçüË!
ÉN éÌEo °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ ´÷ô©’.
É°æ¤púø’ formal, informal offers èπ◊ ¢√úË éÌEo
expressions îª÷ü∆lç.
ÉçöÀ-éÌ-*a† ÅA-ü∑¿’©’ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ÆæEo-£œ«-ûª’-©-®·ûË,
¢√∞¡x-éÀîËa °∂æ©-£æ…®Ω §ƒF-ߪ÷© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ informal í¬
offers:
a) How about/ What about some coffee?
b) Care for some good coffee?
°j È®çúÕçöÀ Å®Ωnç– é¬Ææh coffee BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√/ 鬰∂‘
... ´’ç*-üË-´’Ø√o °æ¤îª’a-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√? ÉüË ¶µ«´ç ûÁ©’-
í∫’™– 鬰∂‘ BÆæ’éÓ ÅE (ûÁ©’-í∫’™, coffee BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-
ö«¢√?/ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®√? ÅE Åúø-í∫úøç bad man-
ners éπü∆, é¬F English ™ é¬ü¿’.)
(a), (b)™xE informal offers èπ◊ response
(Ææpçü¿†):
coffee °æ¤îª’a-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰:
a) I don't mind (Ø√éπ-¶µºuç-ûª-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’)
b) That'd be nice
c) Oh sure. A good cup of coffee is certainly
welcome.
d) I could certainly do with some coffee =
鬰∂‘ 鬢√L.(could do with = want)
e) That's nice of you.
(ÅC ´’ç*üË)
coffee ´ü¿’l/ Åçõ‰ offer †’ A®Ω-Ææ\-Jç-îªôç/
´ü¿l-†ôç informal í¬:
a) No, thanks/ thank you.
b) I don't feel like it now. Thank you.
Thank you.)
(Ø√èπ◊ û√í¬-©-E-°œç-îªôç ™‰ü¿’–
c) Oh, not now/ perhaps later.
(É°æ¤púø’ ´ü¿’l/
ûª®√yûª BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-ØË¢Á÷. DE ¶µ«´ç– ÅÆæ-™Ô-ü¿lE.)
formal offers: °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊, Åçûªí¬ °æJ-îªßª’癉E
-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ àüÁjØ√ formal í¬ offer îËÊÆ B®Ω’:
a) Would you have/ like/ fancy some coffee? -
ÉC formal offer. offer
(Å®·ûË ûÁ©’-í∫’™ îËÊÆ-ô-
°æ¤púø’– BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®√? – ņç éπü∆. BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ
Åçö«ç.)
b) Would you care for some coffee?
2
c) Would you mind having/
Would you mind a little cof-
fee?
d) Won't you (Will you not)
have some coffee? (é¬Ææh
coffee BÆæ’-éÓ®√?)
e) Let me have the pleasure of
giving you a cup of coffee. Q. Why present tense always come after "did"?
f) Let me have the pleasure of treating you to - R. Murali Mohan, Hyderabad, e mail.
some coffee. (treating (some one) to some- A. Did is an auxiliary/ a helping verb. The
thing = á´-J-ÈéjØ√ àü¿-®·Ø√ É*a Ææûª\-Jç-îªôç) words like come, take, etc coming after it,
°j ¢√öÀéÀ Ææpçü¿†: as in the verb, for example, did come
(=came) did go (=went), did take (=took),
a) I don't mind. Thank you.
Thank you.)
etc. are all in the past tense, because, did
(Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. is a helping verb, used to form the past
b) That'd be fine. Thank you.
forms of verbs mostly with not and in ques-
c) I'd welcome it. Thank you. tions. Since did itself is past tense, we use
d) So thoughtful of you. Thanks. only the basic form of the verb after it, like
(Éûª-®Ω’© Å´-Ææ-®√© í∫’Jç* ÆæÈ®j† Ç™-îª-†èπ◊ = so come, go, etc.
thoughtful of you) Q. Instead of, Rather than, Apart from,
Being.
Ñ °æü∆© í∫’-Jç-* N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
- Chandu Surapaneni Choudary, e mail.
A. i) Instead of = In place of.
a) He wrote with a pencil instead of with a
pen = He used a pencil and not a pen.
b) He likes coffee better than tea, so he took
coffee = He took coffee in place of tea =
e) That's nice of you, thank you.
He took coffee instead of tea.
f) Oh, sure. A cup of coffee would be welcome. c) He gave him gold instead of
Thank you. money
(•ü¿’©’)
g) Nothing like it at the moment. Thank you. ii) Rather than = We use this
(É°æ¤p-úøç-ûª-éπçõ‰ ´’ç*-C-™‰ü¿’. Thank you.) expression when we com-
pare two things of different
(Å®·ûË ´’† Ææ´÷-ïç™ Çî√®Ω ´u´-£æ…®Ωç v°æ鬮Ωç,
kinds. It also means
á´-Jçöx Å®·Ø√ coffee offer îËÊÆh, °j† ņoô’x 'instead of'.
'Å´¤†’, û√í∫’û√†’— ņ™‰ç éπü∆. ´’†èπ◊ û√í¬-©E a) Rather than go by bus, he walked the
ÖØ√o èπÿú≈, ´ü¿lØË Åçö«ç.)
distance = He walked the distance
ã offer †’ formal í¬ A®Ω-Ææ\-Jç-îªôç/ ´ü¿l-†ôç:
instead of going by bus.
a) No please. Thanks. b) I'd rather not see movies than see such
movies = I like not to see movies instead
b) Right now, no. Thank you just the same.
of seeing such movies.
(Just the same = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ)
iii) Apart from (i) = in addition to, besides
c) Hope you don't mind my saying no. Thank eg: Apart from stealing his money, they
you, any way = beat him = They not only stole his
؈’ ´ü¿l-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ O’Í®ç ņ’-éÓ®Ω’ éπü∆. Thank money, but also beat him.
you. b) Apart from the house, he bought new
d) Not now/ perhaps later, please. furniture = He bought not only the
house but also new furniture.
Apart from (ii) = except for
(É°æ¤púø’ é¬ü¿’-™„çúÕ/ ûª®√yûª îª÷ü∆lç.)
e) Sorry. I don't feel like it. Thank you. a) Apart from the opening scene, the
û√í¬-©-E-°œç-îª-úøç-™‰ü¿’. Thank you.)
(Sorry. rest of the movie is very good= The
ÉO formal/ informal offers, ¢√öÀéÀ responses. opening scene alone isn't good, the
rest of the movie is good.
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ b) Apart from the youngest son, the rest
are married = All the other sons are
married, the youngest alone is
éÀçü¿öÀ lesson (No. 256) exercise ™ É*a† sen- unmarried.
tence pattern èπ◊ †´‚Ø√ sentence ©’:
iv) Being = (Most often, being has the
Sub Verb Object Complement meaning of because)
1) I like my coffee hot a) Being rich, he can buy a car =
Because he is rich, he can buy a car.
2) He kicked the door open
Ø√èπ◊ b) Being weak, she can't play well =
3) They elected him captain of the team
Because she is weak, she can't play well.
4) She wants it done immediately Q. ''How long will you be in Hyderabad?''
5) I want the house painted. ''How long will you be at Hyderabad?''
Which one is correct?
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
- Sasanka, e mail
EXERCISE A. How long will you be in Hyderabad? is cor-
rect. 'In' is used before big and important
Speak aloud as many sentences as you
places, and at only before small places.
can, on the following pattern.
In Hyderabad, In Chennai, In London, etc.
It 'be' form complement subject
At Mangalagiri, at pattanecheru (very small
(infinitive) towns and villages)
a) It is easy to do that I was at college = I was in the college - 'I
was at college', is used more than, 'I was
(ÅC îËߪ’ôç Ææ’©¶µºç)
in the college'. 'I was in college', is also
b) It was difficult to carry it.
being accepted in modern usage.
– -áç. Ææ’Í®-¨¡-Ø˛
(ü∆Eo ¢Á÷ߪ’ôç éπ≠dçæ Å®·uçC.)
-¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 12 -ï-†-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
258
Kundan: Oh, you've come, I am happy. What did
you do about that parcel to Naveen?
He must be expecting it by now.
Naveen
(†’¢Ìyî√a´¤, ÆæçûÓ≠æç. èπ◊
parcel
°æ秃-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç àç î˨»´¤?
ü∆E-éÓÆæç Åûª†’ áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hç-ö«úø’.)
Jeevan: Oh, I'm terribly sorry. I clean forgot it.
But there is still time. Don't worry.
(ÅßÁ÷u, ü∆E N≠æߪ’ç °æ‹Jhí¬ ´’®Ω-*-§Úߪ÷.
é¬F Éçé¬ time ÖçC™‰. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊.)
Kundan: How much time? Just half an hour.
time?
(áçûª’çC Å®Ω-í∫çõ‰ éπü∆.)
Jeevan: That's true. I must hurry or the Post
office will close. Can you lend me
your bike?
Could you carry this for me?
(ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«}L. ™‰éπ§ÚûË Post office
´‚ÊÆ≤ƒh®Ω’. F bike é¬Ææh É≤ƒh¢√?)
Kundan: Why do you need it?(FÈéç-ü¿’èπ◊ bike?)
Jeevan: I must rush home, pick up the books,
parcel them, hurry to the post office
and book it.
(ÉçöÀéÀ ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL, Ç books BÆæ’-éÓ-
¢√L, ¢√öÀE parcel îËߪ÷L, Post office
èπ◊ BÆæ’ÈéRx book îËߪ÷L éπü∆.)
Kundan: Oh sure, have it. (ÆæÍ®, BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿ}.)
Jeevan: Can I have some money too?
(é¬Ææh úø•’s èπÿú≈ É≤ƒh¢√?)
Kundan: I don't have more than Rs.10 on me.
Let's see if my cousin Nandan can
help. Oh, who do we see here? Oh
it's Nandan. Think of the devil and he
is there.
(Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æC ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´
™‰ü¿’. ´÷ cousin Nandan à´’Ø√o É´y-
í∫-©-úË¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç. Åü¿’íÓ, Ééπ\úË
ÖØ√oúø’.)
Think of the devil and he is there =
á´-®ΩØ√o ņ’-èπ◊†oüË ûªúø´¤ v°æûªu-éπ~-´’-®·ûË
É™« Åçö«®Ω’. Å®·ûË ÉN ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ÆæEo-
£œ«-ûªçí¬ ÖçúË-¢√-∞¡x-O’ü¿ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢ËÊÆ joke.
Devil Åçõ‰ ûÁ© ’Ææ ’ éπü∆? Christian
†´’t-éπç™ üË´¤úÕ ¨¡vûª’´¤. îÁúø’èπ◊ v°æA-®Ω÷°æç.
Jeevan: Hi Nandan, good to see you again.
Kundan: Will you help us with a little dough?
You shall have it back this evening.
(´÷é¬\Ææh úø•’s ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh¢√?
≤ƒßª’ç-vû√-E-éπ™«x AJ-T-îËa≤ƒhç.)
Dough = úˆ = úø•’s ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úË ´÷ô
– ûÁ©’-í∫’™ °jÆæ©’/ °œéπ\©’/ é¬Ææ’©’ ™«í¬.
Dough Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç ƒ-B-©èπ◊,
°æ‹K-©èπ◊ ¢√úË éπL-°œ† ¢Á’ûªhöÀ °œçúÕ ´·ü¿l.
Nandan: You sure can have it. How much?
Jeevan: Atleast Rs. 200/-.
Nandan: Here it is, but would you give it back
this evening? I need it.
Kundan: As soon as I am home, I will pay it to you.
Jeevan: We're short of time. Let me have your bike.
(Time
ûªèπ◊\-´í¬ ÖçC. F bike É´¤y.)
Kundan: Rush then. (ûªy®Ωí¬ °æü¿ Å®·ûË)
Nandan: Jeevan, on your way back, could you
get me a recharge card for my cell?
(†’´¤y AJ-íÌîËa ü∆J™ Ø√ cell èπ◊ ã
recharge card °æô’d-èπ◊-®√¢√?)
Jeevan: I'll certainly.
☯ ☯ ☯ ☯
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation above.
a) Jeevan: Can you lend me your bike?
bike Request -
(F É≤ƒh¢√?) – Ŷµºu-®Ωn†.
b) Jeevan: Can I have some money too?
Request -
(Ø√èπ◊ é¬Ææh úø•’s èπÿú≈ É≤ƒh¢√?) –
Ŷµºu-®Ωn†.
c) Will you help me with a little dough?)
(é¬Ææh úø•’s ≤ƒßª’ç-îË-≤ƒh¢√?) – Request -
Jnç-îªôç.
d) Nandan: Would you give it back this
evening?
(Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Ø√èπ◊ AJ-T-îËa-≤ƒh¢√?) –
Request - Ŷµºu-®Ωn†.
e) Nandan: Could you get me a recharge card?
- Request - Ŷµºu-®Ωn†.
°j sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ request (Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†)èπ◊
¢√úË expressions ÖØ√o®· éπü∆. ´’† conversa-
tion in real life situation ™ request îËߪ’ôç î√™«
ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ô’çC.
Å™« request îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË expressions
É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç. Requests ™ èπÿú≈ Informal
requests èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions èπÿ, formal
requests èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions èπÿ ûËú≈ Öçô’çC.
Informal requests: OöÀéÀ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ can
¢√úøû√ç. ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç Ö†o-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’†ç
’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-L-T-†-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’† friends, brothers
and sisters †’ request îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ can ¢√úøû√ç.
a) Can you lend me your bike?
F bike é¬Ææh É≤ƒh¢√?
(É´¤y, please ÅE.)
b) Can I have some money?
é¬Ææh úø•’s Ææ®Ω’l-û√¢√? (Informal)
éÌçîÁç formal Å®·ûË will ¢√úøû√ç. ´’†-éπçõ‰
éÌçîÁç °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’, Åçûªí¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç ™‰E-¢√-∞¡x†÷
request îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ will, won't (will not) use
îË≤ƒhç. Éçü∆éπ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆– Kundan, Nandan †’
request îËߪ’-ö«EéÀéπ à´’Ø√oúø’?
 Will you help me with a little dough?
Ééπ\úø will, can éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ≤ƒEo-£œ«-û√uEo
Ææ÷*-≤ÚhçC.
Won't you (will you not) come along with
me? O’®Ω’ Ø√ûÓ ®√®√? (®ΩçúÕ – ÅE request)
 Would èπÿú≈ requests èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. ÉC formal
situations ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Åçõ‰ ´’†ç request
îËÆæ’h-†oC ´’†-éπçõ‰ ´ßª’-Ææ’q™, £æ«Ùü∆™,
≤Ún´’ûª™ °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡-®·ûË, ´’†èπ◊ °æ‹Jhí¬ éÌûªh-¢√-∞¡x-
®·ûË would ¢√úøû√ç.
a) Would you make room, please? = é¬Ææh ûª°æ¤p-
èπ◊ç-ö«®√?
b) Would you lend me that book for a day?=
äéπ\-®ÓV Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç Ø√èπ◊ É≤ƒh®√? (formal &
polite request)
Å®·ûË ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ would you ûÓ mind
¢√úøû√ç formal requests èπ◊.
a) Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?
= wait formal and
é¬Ææh îËߪ’-í∫-©®√? ÉC î√™«
polite form of request.
´’†èπ◊ ÅÆæ©’ °æJ-îªßª’ç ™‰E-¢√-∞¡x†’, £æ«Ùü∆, ≤Ún´’ûª™
°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’ î√™« ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ request îËÊÆ Nüµ¿ç.
Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ.
b) Would you mind telling me your name?
O’ Ê°®Ω’ îÁ•’-û√®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ îÁ°æpçúÕ ÅE)
c) Would you mind my using your phone?
O’ phone ¢√úø’-éÓ-E-≤ƒh®√?
´·êu í∫´’-Eéπ: Mind ûª®√yûª
noun é¬E, -ing
form
é¬E ®√¢√L.
d) Would you mind idli with
chutney or would you insist
on sambar? - mind
ûª®√yûª
'idli' noun éπü∆.
e) Would you mind having idli as puri is not
Ŷµºu-
ready?
°æ‹J Éçé¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´-™‰ü¿’, ÉúŒx BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®√?
formality Åô’ç*, ÅEoç-öÀ-éπçõ‰ Åûªuçûª ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-
¢Á’i† request èπ◊ could ¢√úøû√ç.
a) Could you carry this for me?
DEo O’®Ω’ ¢Á÷≤ƒh®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ ¢Á÷ߪ’çúÕ)
b) Could you (Please) tell me how to go to the
Eenadu office?
ÑØ√úø’ office èπ◊ ü∆J îÁ•’-û√®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ
îÁ°æpçúÕ)
c) Could you help me with some money?
úø•’s ≤ƒßª’ç-îË-≤ƒh®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ éÌçûª úøGs-´yçúÕ)
Ñ requests ÅFo èπÿú≈ question forms ™
Öçúøôç í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’.
Please note: Hi, hello, Ê°®Ω’ûÓ (Mr, Mrs, Miss
™«çöÀN ™‰èπ◊çú≈) äéπ-JE °æ©-éπ-Jç-îªôç ¢√∞¡xûÓ ´’†-
èπ◊†o ≤ƒEo-£œ«-û√uEo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. Å°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡xûÓ
´’†ç informal í¬ Öçö«ç ņo-´÷ô.
Mr, Mrs, Miss ™«çöÀN Sri, Sir ™«çöÀN ¢√öÀ-†-°æ¤púø’
´’†èπ◊ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Åçûª®Ωç Öçü¿-†o-´÷ô. Å°æ¤púø’ we are
formal/ very formal with them. ü∆Eo-•öÀd ´’†
request form ´÷®Ω’ûª÷ Öçô’çC.
EXERCISE
Practise the following aloud in English
Sanjai: Nïß˝’, Ñ chapter Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬙‰ü¿’.
ã≤ƒJ explain îËߪ’¢√?
Vijai: Ø√èπÿ Å®Ωnç-é¬-™‰ü¿’. ´’† professor
Ééπ\úË ÖØ√o®Ω’. Çߪ’†’o Åúø’-í∫’ü∆ç.
Sanjai: Sir, ´÷éà chapter Å®Ωnç 鬙‰ü¿’. O’®Ω’
é¬Ææh explain îË≤ƒh®√?
Prof.: ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. O’®Ω’ ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç
®√í∫-©®√? É°æ¤púø’ ؈’ busy í¬
ÖØ√o†’.
Sanjai: ÉçÍé-ü¿-®·Ø√ time
É´y-í∫-©®√? Ñ
≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´÷èπ◊ class ÖçC.
Prof.: Sunday ®ΩçúÕ.
ANSWER
Sanjai: Hi Vijai, I haven't understood this
chapter. Can you explain it to me.
Vijai: I haven't understood it either. Our
professor is here. Let's ask him.
îËJa Sanjai: Sir, we haven't understood this
chapter. Could you explain it, Sir?/
Would you mind explaining it?
Prof.: Certainly/ Certainly not. (Could/
Would you mind Can you
†’ •öÀd.)
come to my place this evening? I am
busy now.
Sanjai: Could you please suggest some
other time? We have a class this
evening.
Prof.: Make it on Sunday, then.
R – -áç. Ææ’Í®-¨¡-Ø˛
2
Q. In what situations should we use
"say" and "tell"?
- A. Krishna Sumanth, e mail
A.  Say and tell are more or less is the
same, but there is a lot of difference in
the way we use them. The difference
is very important.
 Say is always followed by to, before
the person to whom something is said.
eg: He said to me, she said to him,
etc.
 Tell is never immediately followed by to.
 You say some thing to some one/ You
say some thing. We use say, when we
repeat some one's words. She said,
'Go away'.
 Tell always is followed by a person as
its object. She told him to/ She told
him that ... etc.
 Say can be used without
mentioning the person to
whom some thing is said.
a) He says that he is hungry.
b) Kumar said to me that he
would go with me.
 Tell is always followed by the person
to whom something is said.
 Suseela often tells me that she likes
Vijayawada.
 Say is often used to repeat the words
of someone.
a) Ramana said, "I am hungry".
b) Ramana said that he was hungry.
 'Tell' express commands; 'say' does-
n't.
The officer told him to get out.
 'Say' is never followed by the infinitive
(to go, to come, etc).
He told me to go.
He said that I should go.
(observe the difference)
Q. What are correct in below and tell me
suggestions if any.
a. 1. With how many friends you
have stayed there?
2. How many friends are stayed
there with you?
3. Any friends there with you?
b. 1. How would I contact you?
2. How can I contact you?
- Santhu, e mail
A. The correct forms of your questions are
a. 1) How many friends have you
stayed with there?
2) How many friends have stayed
with you?
b. 1) How would I contact you?
This, as an independent sentence is
wrong. The correct form is:
How shall I contact you? (Meaning =
How do I get in touch with you?)
2) How can I contact you = How is it
possible for me to contact you.
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 14 -ï-†-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
259
Kalpana: Is that your progress card? Let me
see it. Let me know how well you've
fared in the exams?
(ÅüËØ√ F progress card? àD îª÷úøF.
°æK-éπ~™x áçûª ¶«í¬ ®√¨»¢Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓF.)
Avinash: Here it is, mom.
Kalpana: Oh Avinash, what kind of marks is
this?
(ÅN-Ø√≠ˇ, àç marks ÉN?)
Avinash: Aren't they good, mom? I didn't get
less than 70% in any subject.
ÅN ´’ç* marks é¬ü∆? à subject ™
èπÿú≈ 70% èπ◊ ûªí∫_-™‰ü¿’.)
I'm not at all pleased
Kalpana: I am not at all pleased with these
marks, boy. Who gets the first mark
in your class?
(Ñ marks Ø√éπ-Ææ©’ ÆæçûÓ≠æç éπL-Tç-îª-ôç-
™‰ü¿’. O’ class ™ first mark á´-JéÀ?)
Avinash: What's wrong with those marks,
mom? You are never happy with my
marks even when they are quite
high.
marks
(Ç èπ◊ à´’-®·çC? áçûÁ-èπ◊\´
marks
´*aØ√ F¢Á°æ¤púø÷ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø´¤.)
Kalpana: You get on my nerves Avi. You call
these good marks? 94% in maths,
86% in English, 78% in Telugu, 82%
in Science, 75% each in History and
Geography. No, Avi, you should have
scored even higher. Who gets the
first in your class? Tell me that first.
(ÅO, Ø√éÓ\°æç ûÁ°œp-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. ÉN ´’ç*
marks Åçö«¢√? Maths 94%, etc, ...
ÅO, ™«¶µºç-™‰ü¿’. †’´¤y Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´
marks ûÁa-éÓ-†’ç-ú≈-LqçC. O’ class ™
first á´®Ω’? Ç N≠æߪ’ç ´·çü¿’ îÁ°æ¤p.)
Avinash: Pratibha.
Kalpana: You couldn't score higher than the
girl. What a shame!
(†’´¤y Ç Å´÷t®· éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ûÁa-éÓ-
™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷´¤. Æœí∫’_-îËô’.)
Kamesh: Come on Kalpana, our son has
scored good enough marks. Why
compare? Why are you so envious?
(´’†-¶«s®· ´’ç* marks ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’
éπü∆. ÉçéÌ-éπ-JûÓ §ÚL-Èéç-ü¿’èπ◊? áçü¿’-éπçûª
Ñ®Ω{u Fèπ◊?)
(envious = Ñ®Ω{u (envy) éπ©)
Kalpana: I want our boy to stand first in the
class. Is that wrong?
(´’†¶«s®· class ™ ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-¢√úø’í¬
Öçú≈©E Ø√ éÓJéπ. ÅC ûª§ƒp?)
Kamesh: Look here. Expecting our son to get
very good marks is not wrong, but
comparison is always bad. You
always compare. I am none too
happy about it.
(-îª÷-úø’. -´’-†-¶«s®· -áèπ◊\-´ -´÷®Ω’\-©’ -ûÁ-
aéÓ-¢√-©-E -Ç-Pç-îª-úøç -ûª°æ¤pí¬--ü¿’, é¬-F -§Ú-
Léπ -á°æ¤p-úø÷ -´’ç-*-Cé¬-ü¿’. -F-¢Á°æ¤p-úø÷ -§Ú-
Léπ -ûÁÆæ’hç-ö«-´¤. -Å-C -Ø√èπ◊ -†-îªa-ü¿’.)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Kalpana: What's wrong with that?
(Åçü¿’™ ûªÊ°p-´·çC?)
Kamesh: I am not in the least pleased,
Kalpana. Why do you put so much
pressure on the boy. A few marks
less- does it matter much?
(Ø√éπÆæ©’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ™‰ü¿’, éπ©pØ√. áçü¿’-
éπçûª äAhúÕ ûÁ≤ƒh¢√ èπ◊v®√úÕ O’ü¿? à¢Ó
éÌEo marks ûªí¬_®·– ÅüË-´’çûª Ææ´’Ææu?)
Kalpana: This kind of talk is what I like least.
You don't expect the boy to perform
better if you talk like this.
(É™«çöÀ ´÷ô™‰ Ø√éπ-Ææ-L-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’. O’Í®
É™« ´÷ö«x-úÕûË ¢√úÕç-ûª-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ àç
îË≤ƒhúø’.)
Kamesh: Marks are not all. So long as he
doesn't score low we need not worry.
Let him relax.
(´÷®Ω’\™‰ ´·êuç-鬴¤. ´’K ûªèπ◊\´
marks ûÁa-éÓ-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø-†-
éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. ¢√úÕE é¬Ææh Ü°œJ BÆæ’-éÓF.)
Kalpana: Ok, Ok. I only want our son to do bet-
ter. That's all.
(ÆæÍ®xçúÕ. ´’†-¢√-úÕçé¬ ¶«í¬ îËߪ÷-©E Ø√
éÓJéπ. ÅçûË.)
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation above.
1) Kalpana: I am (I'm) not at all pleased.
2) Kalpana: You get on my nerves, Avi.
3) Kamesh : I'm none too happy about it.
4) Kamesh : I'm not in the least pleased.
5) Kalpana: This kind of talk is what I like
least.
í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆: °j sentences ÅFo èπÿú≈
ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø-éπ-§Ú-´-ö«Eo ûÁL-Ê°-Ní¬ ÖØ√o®·. °j† ¢√úÕ-
†-´-Fo ´’†èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç, ûª%°œh éπL-Tç-îªE Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x
¢√úË ´÷´‚©’ expressions. Éçûª´®Ω-èπ◊ NNüµ¿
Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úË standard expressions îª÷¨»ç
éπü∆. ¢√öÀûÓ§ƒõ‰ ÉO.
1. I am not at all pleased =
Ø√éπ-Ææ©’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æç-í¬-™‰ü¿’/ Ø√Íéçûª%°œh ™‰ü¿’
i) I am not at all pleased with his words =
ÅûªE ´÷ô©’ Ø√éπ-Ææ©’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ™‰´¤.
ii) The spectators were not at all pleased
with the way he played =
Åûª†’ ÇúÕ† B®Ω’ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©èπ◊ ÅÆæ©’ †îªa-™‰ü¿’.
2. You get on my nerves =
†’´¤y Ø√éÓ\°æç ûÁ°œp-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤/ ††’o NÆœ-T-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤.
i) The way he behaves gets on my nerves =
¢√úÕ v°æ´-®Ωh† Ø√éÓ\°æç ûÁ°œp-Ææ’hçC/ ††’o NÆœ-T-
Ææ’hçC/ *é¬-èπ◊-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’hçC.
ii) He manages not to get on anybody's
nerves =
Åûª†’ á´-Jéà éÓ°æç éπL-Tç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’.
iii) Let me not see him here again. He gets
on my nerves =
´’Sx ¢√úÕE †Eo-éπ\úø îª÷úø-E-´yèπ◊. ¢√úøçõ‰ Ø√èπ◊
*é¬èπ◊.
3. I'm (I am) none too happy about it- None
too happy about - ÉC î√™« Bv´-´’-®·†
ÅÆæç-ûª%°œhE ûÁLߪ’-ñ‰-Ææ’hçC.
i) We are none too happy about the Indian
team's performance in South Africa.
South Africa ™ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ ïô’d v°æü¿-®Ωz† °æôx
´’†ç Bv´-´’-®·† ÅÆæç-ûª%°œhûÓ ÖØ√oç/ ÅÆæ©’
¶«í¬-™‰ü¿’.
ii) The way he talked made
us none too happy = Åûª†’
´÷ö«x-úÕ† Nüµ¿ç ´’†èπ◊ î√™«
ÅÆæç-ûª%-°œhí¬ ÖçC. (ÆæçûÓ-
≠æçí¬ ™‰ü¿’)
4. Not in the least pleased =
ÅÆæ©’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ™‰ü¿’.
Bv´-´’-®·† ÅÆæç-ûª%-°œhí¬ ÖçC.
i) The teacher was not in the least pleased
with his marks =
ÅûªúÕ marks teacher èπ◊ àO’ ÆæçûÓ≠æç éπL-Tç-
îª-™‰ü¿’. (Teacher ÅûªE ´÷®Ω’\© °æôx î√™«
ÅÆæç-ûª%-°œhûÓ ÖØ√oúø’.)
ii) Babu: How do you find the arrange-
ments?
(à®√p-õ„x™« ÖØ√o®·?)
Balu: I'm not in the least pleased.
(àç ûª%°œh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ™‰´¤)
iii) The CM is not in the least pleased with
the remarks of the Minister for Sports and
Youth activities.(véÃú≈-´’çvA ¢√uêu-©-°æôx
´·êu-´’çvA î√™« -ÅÆæç-ûª%°œhí¬ ÖØ√o®Ω’.)
5. What I like least =
D†®Ωnç èπÿú≈ Ø√éπ-Ææ-©’-°æ-úø-ü¿E.
i) What I like least is the way he talks =
Åûªúø’ ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ Ø√éπ-Ææ-©’-†-îªaü¿’.
ii) Chandra: He went to a movie last night. =
(Åûª†’ E†o ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«xúø’.)
Surya: That's what I like least about
him, his going to movies too
often.
(ÅüË Ø√èπ◊ ¢√úÕ™ †îªa-EC. ´’K
áèπ◊\´ ÆœE-´÷©’ îª÷≤ƒhúø’ ¢√úø’.)
ÉO ´’† ÅÆæç-ûª%-°œhE, †îªaE N≠æ-ߪ÷Lo, éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpçîË
N≠æ-ߪ÷Lo ûÁLÊ° standard expressions. î√™«
´÷ô-©èπ◊ Ñ expressions ™ not ´*a ü∆E ûª®√yûª
superlative degree ®√´ôç O’®Ω’ í∫´ ’-EçîË
Öçö«®Ω’. ÉC English ™ î√™« common. ´’†èπ◊
éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ real life situations ™
áèπ◊\-´-í¬ØË Öçö«®· éπü∆. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ °j expres-
sions ´’†èπ◊ î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·.
EXERCISE
Practise aloud the following in English
Ritish: †’´¤y ´’Sx Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ´î√a¢˛. Ñ N≠æ-
ߪ’ç™ †’´¤y Ø√Èé-°æ¤púø÷ éÓ°æç éπL-T-
≤ƒh´¤.
Dheeraj: Traffic jam ™ É®Ω’-èπ◊\-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. àç
îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«¢˛?
Ritish: ´’Sx ÅüË-´÷ô. éÌçîÁç ´·çü¿’í¬ •ßª’-
©’-üË-®Ω-´-a-éπü∆?
Dheeraj: †’´¤y ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ Ø√éπ-Ææ©’ †îªa-ôç-
™‰ü¿’. ؈’ 鬢√-©E Ç©Ææuç 鬙‰ü¿’
éπü∆. Ñ≤ƒ-J-ô’-´çöÀ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ®√èπ◊çú≈
îª÷≤ƒhØËx.
ANSWER
Ritish: You are late again. You get on my
nerves in this matter.
Dheeraj: I was caught in a traffic jam. What
do you want me to do?/ What
could I do?
Ritish: The same thing again. You could
have started earlier.
Dheeraj: I am none too happy about the
way you talk. I am not late inten-
tionally. I'll see that this isn't
R
repeated.
2
v°æ¨¡o: éÀçC v°æ¨¡o-© π◊ Å®√nEo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
1. He is a teacher, is he?
2. He is not a teacher, isn't he?
(explain the same way questions or com-
ment tags.)
3. Scarcely had the game started when it
began to rain.
4. No sooner had he heard the news than he
started off.
5. Hardly had I finished the work when the
picture started.
6. Barely had I gone there when he went out.
7. I can wait unless and until he comes.
8. We can't wipe out this evil unless and until
the individual thinks so.
9. They were asked to maintain sanitation
failing which action would be initiated
against them. ( How do we use the phrase
'failing' which?)
10. Which words do we use instead of the
words 'eve teasers'?
– K. Rama Krishna, Ongole
-ï-¢√-•’:
1. Åûª†’ Ö§ƒ-üµ∆u-ߪ·úø’ éπü∆? (Is he?)
2. Åûª†’ Ö§ƒ-üµ∆u-ߪ·úø’ é¬ü¿’, éπü∆?
Å®·ûË áèπ◊\´ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x, He is a/ He is not
a teacher ņo-°æ¤púø’, OöÀéÀ
´îËa question tags ™ not
Öçúøôç, ™‰éπ-§Úôç ÅØËC,
statement part (stem) ™
not Öçúøôç, ™‰éπ-§Ú--´ö«-Eo-
•öÀd Öçô’çC.
He is a teacher, (Ééπ\úø
not ™‰ü¿’), 鬕öÀd, He is a
teacher, isn't he?
(Question tag n't
™
´Ææ’hçC).
He is not a teacher not
(Ééπ\úø ÖçC), 鬕öÀd
He is not a teacher, is he? (Question tag ™
not
™‰ü¿’)
Sentences 3, 4, 5, 6 - Oô-Eo-çöÀéà ŮΩnç, (ã °æE)
Å®·, Å´-èπ◊ç-ú≈-ØË/- ¢Áç-ôØË ÅE.
3. Çô ¢Á·ü¿-©®‚, Å´-éπ-´·çüË ´®Ω{ç v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç
Å®·çC. (Çô ¢Á·ü¿-©-®·† ¢ÁçôØË).
4. ÅûªØ√ ¢√®Ωh NF N†-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË, (N†o ¢ÁçôØË)...
5. Åûª†’ °æE °æ‹JhîËÆ œ îËߪ’-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË (îËÆ œ†
¢ÁçôØË)....
6. ؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁSx, ¢Á∞¡x-éπ-´·çüË (¢ÁRx† ¢ÁçôØË)....
7. DE-éπ®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ† v°æ鬮Ωç, D†®Ωnç,
Åûª†’ ´ÊÆh ûª°æp, ´îËaç-ûª-´-®Ωèπÿ é¬îª’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’.
- What's the idea? (I can't wait Åçõ‰ ÆæÈ®j†
Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC)
8. ´uéÀh Å™« Ç™-*ÊÆh ûª°æp, Ç™-*ç-îËç-ûª-´-®Ωèπÿ
(unless= ûª°æp, until= ´®Ωèπ◊) Ñ îÁúø’†’ ®Ω÷°æ¤-
´÷-°æ™‰ç. (Å®·ûË modern English usage ™
unless and until Åçûªí¬ Ç¢Á÷-ü¿-ßÁ÷í∫uç é¬ü¿’.
Unless é¬F until é¬-F ¢√úÕûË î√©’).
9. Failing which = ™‰éπ-§Ú-ûË/ -Å™« îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-ûË/-
ÅC ï®Ω-éπ\-§ÚûË. °æJ-¨¡Ÿ-v¶µºûª §ƒöÀç-î√-©E ¢√JéÀ
îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. (ÉC ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– English ™
Ö†oC Ö†oô’x ņ’-´-CÊÆh ¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ°æp-•-ú≈f®Ω’),
Å™« îËߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË (= failing which) ¢√∞¡x °æôx
Ωu BÆæ’éÓ-¢√-Lq -´Ææ’hç-C.
10. Eve teasers ņo ´÷ô correct English
é¬ü¿’. English ™ Ñ expression ™‰ü¿’.
Teasing Girls ÅØË Åçö«®Ω’. Eve teasers èπ◊
´’†ç ¢√úË Å®ΩnçûÓ, English ™ ´÷ô Ø√èπ◊
ûÁLÆœ ™‰ü¿’.
- M. SURESAN
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 18 -ï-†-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Dhaval: I know what you mean. You are unwill- 3) Well, much might be said on
ing to express an opinion on because both sides. ÉC ´’†--èπ◊ É-•sçC
we are close. You are not being plain;

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
260
Tushar: Hi Dhaval, you appear very excited.
(†’´¤y î√™« Ö-ûª’qéπ-ûªûÓ Ö†oô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-
Ø√o´¤.)
Dhaval: That I am, and there is reason for it.
(Å´¤†’. Åçü¿’èπ◊ 鬮Ωùç ÖçC.)
Tushar: What could it be? (à¢Á’i ÖçúÌa?)
Dhaval: I am contesting the MLC elections.
(؈’ ¨»Ææ-†-´’ç-úøL áEo-éπ-©èπ◊ §ÚöÃ
îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’.)
Tushar: Wish you all luck. But I'd like to know
how you got the idea.
(Fèπ◊ Ñ Ç™- ᙫ ´*açüÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-
éÓ-¢√-©E ÖçC.)
I can see that.
(F Å®Ωnç Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ´’†ç ¶«í¬ ÆæEo-£œ«-
ûªçí¬ Öçúø-ôç-´©x F ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ
N´·-êçí¬ ÖØ√o´¤. †’´¤y- -Ö†o-ü¿’-†oô’x îÁ°æp-
ôç-™‰ü¿’. ÅC ؈®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©†’.)
Tushar: I am not so sure I know much about
these matters.
(Ñ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Ø√éπçûª ¶«í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’´¤.)
Dhaval: As an MLC I want to do something for
the people.
(MLC í¬ v°æï-©-Íé-ü¿Ø√o îËߪ÷-©E ÖçC.)
Tushar: These words show you are on the way
to being a politician. You have my sup-
port. Go ahead. Wish you good luck.
(†’´¤y ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’- Ø√-ߪ’èπ◊-úÕ-´ßË’u ¶«ô-™ØË
ÖØ√o-´E Ñ ´÷ô©’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®·. Fèπ◊
Ø√ ´’ü¿l-ûª’ç-ô’çC. é¬-E-ß˝’. í∫’ú˛-©é˙!)
éπL-TçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x •ßª’-ô-°æ-úËç-
ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø-ü¿í∫_ expression. ´uA-
Í®-é¬-Gµ-v§ƒ-ߪ’çûÓ Ö†o Éü¿l-J™
á´Ko ØÌ°œpç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊
É™« ÅØÌa.
-v°æ-¨¡o:
a) Bharat: Privatisation is the best solution to
all our problems. (´’† Ææ´’-Ææu-©-Eoç-öÀéà Åûª’u-
Can I know the meaning of 'LEXICAL
ûªh´’ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç w°j¢Ë-öÃ-éπ-®Ωù.
GRAMMAR'?
Sharat: Not always, my dear friend. We can't
leave everything in private hands.What do - Krishna Vyas, Chennai (e-mail)
you say, Sampath? -ï-¢√-•’:
(ÅEo Nüµ∆-™«é¬ü¿’. v°æAD private -ߪ÷ï-´÷-Ø√u- 'Lexical' means, connected with the
©èπ◊ ´C-™‰-ߪ’™‰ç. †’¢Ëy-´’ç-ö«´¤, Ææç°æû˝?) words in a language / dealing with the
Sampath: Uh,... much might be said on both
words in a language. eg. Lexical items =
the sides.
Words & phrases in a language.
(È®çúø’ -¢Áj°æ¤™« îÁ§Òpa.)
b) Prasanth: The team is better off without
Grammar, as you know, deals with the
Ganguly team
(í∫çí∫÷L ™‰èπ◊ç-õ‰ØË ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC). rules of construction of sentences, by the
correct use and placement of words.

It depends... So, you see, lexical, and grammar are two

Dhaval: (I) got it on my own. I wish to become
a minister too.
(Ø√Íé ´*açDÇ™-. ´’çvA èπÿú≈ 鬢√-
©-ØËC Ø√ éÓJéπ.)
Tushar: Best of luck again.
(Åü¿%≠ædç E†’o ´Jç-î√-©ØË Ø√ éÓJéπ.)
Dhaval: Thank you. What do you think of my
decision?
(Ø√ Ç™- í∫’Jç* F ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç?)
Tushar: Well, what can I say? (àçîÁ°æp-í∫-©†’?)
Dhaval: Just what do you feel about it? Is it a
good decision?
(ÅÆæ©’ ü∆E í∫’Jç* F ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ’-¢Ë’çöÀ?
´’ç* E®Ωg-ߪ’-¢Ë’Ø√?)
Tushar: I'm afraid I can't say anything at this
stage. Are you really serious about it?
(Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ØËØËç îÁ°æp-™‰†’. Ñ N≠æߪ’ç
†’´¤y Bv´ç-í¬ØË Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o¢√? )
Dhaval: I am serious, of course. I've already
told a number of people about and
have done a bit of planning too.
(Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ ؈’ í∫öÀd-í¬ØË ÖØ√o†’.
Let's look at the following exchanges
between Tushar and Dhaval in the conver-
sation above.
1) Dhaval: What do you think of my decision?
(Ø√ E®Ωgߪ’ç í∫’Jç* †’¢Ëy-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?)
Tushar: Well, what can I say? (-àç îÁ°æp-í∫-©†’?)
5) It depends... =
2) Dhaval: Just What do you feel about it? Is it
a good decision?
(ÅÆæ©’ ü∆E í∫’Jç* F ÅGµ-
v§ƒßª’ç à-N’öÀ? ´’ç* E®Ωg-ߪ’-¢Ë’Ø√?)
Tushar: I'm afraid I can't say anything at this
stage. (Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ØËØËç îÁ°æp-™‰†’.)
3) Tushar: Well much might be said on both
sides (È®çúø’ ¢Áj°æ¤™« îÁ°æp-´îª’a.)
a) Kumar: Will he make it to the finals?
4) Tushar: As elections go these days we can't
be definite...
(áEo-éπ© -B®Ω’-†’ -•-öÀd -Ñ ®ÓV™x -
´’-†¢Ë’ç îÁ°æp™‰ç éπ*a-ûªçí¬)
5) Tushar: It depends...
b) Jagan: Are you sure Srikar
(îÁ°æp™‰ç. î√™« ¢√öÀ-O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC.)
6) Tushar: I'm not so sure I know much about
these matters.
6) I'm not so sure I know much about these
(Ñ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Ø√éπçûª ûÁ©’-Ææ’-†E Ø√èπ◊ †´’téπç
™‰ü¿’.)
different things. Lexical grammar, as
such, doesn't have any specific meaning.
We can't be sure of the meaning of the
phrase, lexical grammar, unless we know
Prasanna: It will not be in the interests of the the context in which it is used.
team. (Team What do
èπ◊ ÅC ´’ç*C é¬ü¿’).
you feel, Prakash?
(†’¢Ëy-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤, v°æé¬--¨¸?)
Prakash: Much might be said on both the
sides. (È®ç-úø’ -N-üµ∆-™« îÁ§Òpa.)
´’†ç Éûª-N’-ü¿l¥çí¬ ´’† ÅGµ-v§ƒ-
-v°æ-¨¡o:
ߪ÷Eo -ûÁ-L-ߪ’°æ®Ω-îª-™‰-†°æ¤p-úø’, Eïçí¬ äéπ ÅGµ-v§ƒ-
ߪ÷Eo ûÁ-L-ߪ’°æ®Ω-îª-™‰-†°æ¤p-úø’, äéπ °æJ-Æœn-AE Ææ-Jí¬_
ÅçîªØ√ ¢Ëߪ’-™‰-†°æ¤púø’, Ñ ´÷ô, 'It depends...' 1. How do we use the following semi-mod-
Åçö«ç. ÉC English ™ î√™« common els in conversation. Do give Telugu trans-
expression. Åçõ‰ äéπ °æ®Ωu-´-≤ƒ†ç î√™«¢√öÀO’ü¿
lations also.
Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC ÅE Å®Ωnç.
be at loss to, be supposed to, be likely to,
be bound to, be liable to, be opt to, be on
(Åûª†’ finals èπ◊ îË®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ö«-úøç-ö«¢√?)
Kavya: It depends.. the point of, be due to.
2. How do we use the following phrases:
(
î√™«¢√öÀ O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC)
and Tej will Will be able to, may be able to, should be
come? (Tej, Srikar able to, would be able to, might be able
´≤ƒh-®ΩE †´’téπç Öçü∆?)
Ratna: It depends (îÁ°æp™‰ç) to, would have been able to
3. What is English translation to - 'îÁ°æ¤p
matters = ûÁTçC.—
Ø√èπ◊ -Ñ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-†-E †´’téπç ™‰ü¿’. - K. Rama Krishna, Ongole

É°æp-öÀÍé î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰¨»†’. éÌçûª
v°æù«-Réπ èπÿú≈ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.)
Tushar: Then what's the big idea in asking my
opinion now?
(Åçû√ E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√oéπ Ø√ ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç
Åúø-í∫-ôç™ à-N’-öÀ ÖüËl¨¡ç?)
Dhaval: Just for the sake of it. Come on. Out
with your opinion.
(ÜJ-Í陉. F ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç îÁ°æ¤p.)
Tushar: Well, much might be said on both
sides.
(´’ç< îÁúø÷ È®çúø÷ ÖØ√o®· = äéπ ®Ωéπçí¬
´’ç*üË, ÉçéÓ-®Ω-éπçí¬ îÁúø÷†’.)
Dhaval: Why can't you be definite, Tushar?
(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æp-èπÿ-úøü∆, ûª’≥ƒ®˝?)
Tushar: As elections go these days, we can't
be definite whether contesting them is
good or bad.
(É°æ¤úø’ áEo-éπ©’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o B®Ω’-†’-•öÀd
îª÷ÊÆh, ¢√öÀ™x §Úöà îËߪ’ôç ÆæÈ®j-†ü∆, é¬ü∆
ÅE éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æp™‰ç.)
Dhaval: What do you think are my chances of
success?
(Ø√ Nï-ߪ÷-´-é¬-¨»© í∫’Jç* †’¢Ëy-´’-†’-
èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?)
Tushar: It depends...
(î√™« ¢√öÀ-O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC.)
ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆?ûª’≥ƒ®˝ ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷Lo ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E
üµ¿´∞¸ v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÊÆh, ûª’≥ƒ®˝ ûª† ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷Lo éπ*a-
ûªçí¬ ûÁ-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-úøç-™‰-ü¿E. Real life situations ™
´’†ç ´’† ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷Lo éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Éö, Åö ûËLa
îÁ°æp-™‰E Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ î√™« Öçö«®·. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’
´’† ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ûÁ©°æ-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊
¢√úË expressions ÉO:
1) What can I say? (àç îÁ°æp-í∫-©†’?) = ØËØËç îÁ°æp-
™‰†’. Å-ô÷ îÁ°æp-™‰†’, É-ô÷ îÁ°æp-™‰†’ ÅE.
a) You want my opinion after you've taken the
decision. What can I say?
†’´¤y E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊†o ûª®√yûª Ø√ ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç
îÁ°æp-´’çõ‰ àç îÁ°æp-í∫-©†’?
b) What can I say?/ What do you want me to
say? = (Now
àç îÁ°æp-†’?/ àç îÁ°æp-´’ç-ö«´¤?
that you've decided, I can only say that it's
good = †’´¤y E®Ωgߪ’ç BÊÆ-Ææ’èπ◊Ø√o´¤ 鬕öÀd, ØË-†’
îÁ°æp-í∫-L-Tç-ü¿™«x ÅC ´’ç*-ü¿ØË).
2) I'm afraid I can't say anything at this stage =
Ñ ü¿¨¡™ (Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´*a-† ûª®√yûª) ØËØËç
îÁ°æp-™‰†’. (Ø√ ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç É°æ¤púø’ îÁ°æpôç Ø√éÀ≠dçæ
™‰ü¿’.)
a) You're getting into action. I can't say any-
thing at this stage=
†’´¤y (F E®Ωg-ߪ÷Eo) Çîª-®Ω-
ù™ °ôd-¶-ûª’-†o-°æ¤úø’ ØËØËç îÁ°æp-™‰†’ éπü∆. (؈’
é¬ü¿çõ‰ -†’´¤y F E®Ωg-ߪ÷Eo ´÷®Ω’a-éÓ´¤ éπü∆? ÅE)
b) You've decided. What's there for me to say?
†’´¤y E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√o´¤. ØË-†’ îÁÊ°p-üË-´·ç-Céπ?
EXERCISE
Practise the following aloud in English.
Ææçïß˝’: †’-¢Ìy-≤ƒh¢√ ´÷ûÓ picnic èπ◊?
Nïß˝’: Í®°æ¤ °æJ-Æœn-AE •-öÀd Öçô’çC.
Ææçïß˝’: Å´’-®√-´AéÀ -¢Á∞«l-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oç. ÅC
´’ç* picnic spot éπü∆?
Nïß˝’: ØËØË-´’çûª îÁ°æp-™‰†’. ü∆E í∫’-Jç-* -Ø√èπ◊ -
Åç-ûªí¬ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’.Ñ picnic éπçõ‰
Åçü¿®Ωç éπLÆœ à-üÁjØ√ ´’ç* Ü®Ω’
¢Á∞Ôxa éπü∆?
Ææçïß˝’: ü∆E N≠æߪ’ç Åçûª í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æp-™‰†’ ؈’.
Nïß˝’: ´’Sx ≤ƒßª’çvûªç éπ©’ü∆lç. Å°æ¤púø’ E®Ωg-
®·ç--èπ◊çü∆ç.
ANSWER
Sanjai: Will you join us for the picnic?
Vijay: Depends (on tomorrow's situation)
Sanjai: We're planning to go to Amaravathi.
Isn't it a good picnic spot?
Vijay: I can't say much about it. I am not
sure I know much about it. We can
go to some city instead of to
Amaravathi.
Sanjai: It's difficult to say anything definite
about it.
Vijay: We meet again this evening. Let's
R
decide then.
-ï-¢√-•’:
1. Ç semi models ÅEo-çöÀ™ èπÿú≈ 'be' •ü¿’©’
à 'be' form Å®·Ø√ (am, is are, will be,
could be, etc) ¢√úø-´îª’a– time of action
(tense) †’ •öÀd.
2. He will be able to do it
= Åûªúø’ îËߪ’-í∫-©’í∫’û√úø’ (future).
He may be able to do it
= Åûª-úø’ îËߪ’-í∫-©í∫´îª’a (present/ future)
He should be able to buy a car; he is rich.
Åûªúø’ üµ¿E-èπ◊úË. Car é̆-í∫L-T Öçú≈L.
He would be able to do it.
Åûªúø’ é̆-í∫-©’í∫’û√úø’. (í∫ûªç-™ --†’ç*
¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’h†’ v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-*-†-°æ¤púø’)
Be able to= îËߪ’-í∫L-T Öçúøôç. °j´Fo DE
®Ω÷§ƒç-ûª-®√™‰.
He would have been able to do it
=
îËߪ’-í∫L-T ÖçúË-¢√úË é¬F îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’.
3. English ™ ´’†ç ¢√úË îÁ°æ¤p-™«xçöÀ §ƒü¿-®Ω-éπ~©
(foot ware) èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. ¢√∞¡Ÿx
shoes ¢√úø’-û√®Ω’, ™‰éπ-§ÚûË slippers. ÅN
ûÁí∫´¤. ÅJT§Úû√®·. ü∆EéÀ ´÷ô wear out.
-ÅJT§Ú®· *E-TûË, snap/ break.
- M. SURESAN
-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 20 -ï-†-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
261
Sundar & Sankar: Good morning, sir.
Murthy: Good morning, friends. I have some
special news for you. In a few days
from now, by the coming Monday the
23rd Jan, to be precise, our company
will have completed 24 years of suc-
cessful business, thanks to efficient
managers and executives like you.
(O’éÓ N¨Ï≠æç îÁ§ƒpL. O’™«çöÀ Ææ´’-®Ω’n-™„j†
¢Ë’ØËï®Ω’x, 鬮Ωu-E-®√y-£æ«-èπ◊© ´©x ´’† éπç°F
ÉçéÌCl ®ÓV™x, Åçõ‰ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰
´îËa ≤Ú´’-¢√®Ωç, 23 ï†-´-JéÀ, 24 à∞¡x Nï-ߪ’-
´ç-ûª-¢Á’i† ¢√u§ƒ-®√Eo °æ‹Jh îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’çC.)
precise = éπ*a-ûª-¢Á’i†; executives = éπç°-F™x,
éπç°F Nüµ∆-Ø√-©†’ (policy) Å´’©’îË-ÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
I suggest that ..
Sundar: We understand sir. We are entering
the silver jubilee year the coming
Monday.
(Å®Ωn-¢Á’içC Ææ®˝, ´îËa ≤Ú´’-¢√®Ωç ´’†
éπç°F ®Ωï-ûÓ-ûªq´ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç-™éÀ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îª-
¶-ûª’çC.)
Murthy: Exactly. We have certainly had a suc-
cessful innings so far. The credit goes
to you. Congratulations.
(´’† ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûªçí¬
≤ƒTç-ü¿E éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. ü∆EéÀ
N’´’tLo ¢Á’a-éÓ-¢√L. Ø√ ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’.)
Sankar: You are behind it sir. Please accept
our congratulations sir.
(ü∆EéÀ 鬮Ωùç O’®Ω’ Ææ®˝. ´÷ ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-
†©’ Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªçúÕ.)
Sundar: I suggest that we celebrate the silver
jubilee in a fitting manner.
(ÆæÈ®j† KA™ ´’†ç Ñ ®Ωï-ûÓ-ûªq-¢√Eo E®Ωy-
£œ«ç-î√L/ E®Ωy-£œ«ç--éÓ-¢√-©E Ø√ Ææ÷)
Murthy: Certainly. What are your suggestions?
(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. O’ Ææ÷™‰N’öÀ?)
Sundar: Let's give it wide publicity '25 years in
the service of our customers, ...'
things like that in the media, sir.
(''ë«û√-ü∆-®Ω’© ÊÆ´™ §ƒA-Íé∞¡Ÿx..—— ™«çöÀ
v°æéπ-ô-†-©ûÓ ´’ç* v°æî√®Ωç Éü∆lç.)
Sankar: We could observe the whole year as
the silver jubilee year with special cel-
ebrations for a week ending on the
23rd Jan 2008.
(¢Á·ûªhç àú≈-ü¿çû√ ®Ωï-ûÓ-ûªq´ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωçí¬
E®Ωy-£œ«ç*, Jan 23, 2008ûÓ Åçûª-´’ßË’u
Nüµ¿çí¬ äéπ ¢√®Ωç-§ƒô’ v°æûËuéπ Öûªq¢√©’
E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-´îª’a)
observe = §ƒöÀç-îªôç.
Sundar: I suppose we can give some special
bonus to the employees, sir.
(Æœ•sç-CéÀ v°æûËuéπ ¶†Æˇ èπÿú≈ É¢Ìy-îªaE
؈-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.)
Murthy: What's your suggestion, Sankar?
(F ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ’-¢Ë’-N’öÀ ¨¡çéπ®˝?)
Sankar: How much bonus do you want to
announce, sir?
(áçûª ¶†Æˇ É¢√y-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’?)
Murthy: Let's discuss it with our finance man-
ager Sekhar.
(´’†ç ÅC ´’† °∂jØ√Ø˛q ¢Ë’ØË-ï®˝ ¨Ïê-®˝ûÓ
îªJaü∆lç.)
How are our finances, Sekhar?
(´’† ÇJnéπ °æJ-ÆœnA ᙫ ÖçC ¨Ïê®˝?)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Sekhar: Our profits for the preceding six
3) Let's discuss it = îªJaü∆lç.
months will allow a minimum bonus of
4) We might as well give each
Rs.2500 per employee.
employee a gold coin = v°æA
(í∫ûª Ç®Ω’ ØÁ©© ™«¶µ«-©-†’-•öÀd äéÓ\ ÖüÓu-TéÀ ã •çí¬-®Ω’-Ø√ù„ç
ÖüÓu-TéÀ éπFÆæç È®çúø’-¢Ë© Å®·-üÌç-ü¿© É¢Ìya.
¶†Æˇ ÉîËa O©’çC.) a) Let's ..., b) We could/ You
preceding = v°œÆ ‘-úÕçí˚ = í∫úø-*†.
could, c) We might as well,
Sundar: Er... wouldn't it be better if we gave
them Rs.2000/- in cash and a gift
É´Fo informal expressions,
Ææ÷îª-†-L-´y-ö«-EéÀ. v°æ-¨¡o: 1. I welcome u always.
ÉçéÌEo informal expressions: 2. I say welcome to u always.
worth Rs.500?
1) What about/ how about 3. I always welcome u.
(äéÌ\-éπ\-JéÀ 2000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© †í∫ü¿÷, 500 Ram: It is already 10.15. The train is at 4. I always welcome to u.
®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© N©’´îËÊÆ é¬†’éπ ÉÊÆh Åçûª- 10.30. I'm afraid we may miss it.
éπçõ‰ ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC éπü∆?) 5. I welcome u.
Er... ûÁ©’-í∫’™ àüÁjØ√ îÁÊ°p-´·çü¿’, Ç.. Åçö«çéπü∆– Å™«
(É°æp-öÀÍé 10.15 Å®·çC. Train 10.30 éÀ. Miss
6. I whole heartedly welcome to u always.
Å´¤-û√-¢Ë’¢Á÷ ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC).
Sankar: We might as well give each employee Which are correct in all above sen-
Syam: How about/ What about taking a
a 2 gm gold coin and silver cup worth tences, if any mistake please give me
taxi? (
around Rs.500/-.
ö«uéÃq BÆæ’èπ◊çü∆´÷?/ö«uéÃq™ ¢Á∞¡-ü∆´÷?) reason why it is wrong.
2) See if you can.
(´’†ç ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ã È®çúø’ ví¬´·© •çí¬®Ω’ - Nag santosh, e-mail
eg: See if you can work for a longer time
-Ø√--ù„ç, ®Ω÷.500 N©’´ îËÊÆ ¢ÁçúÕ éπ°ˇ
every day to earn some extra money. -ï-¢√-•’: Sentence 4, I always welcome to you,
èπÿú≈ É´ya.) and sentence No. 6 I whole heartedly
welcome to you always - Ñ È®çúø÷
ûª°æp N’í∫-û√-´Focorrect. °∂晫-Ø√¢√JéÀ
welcome to so and
≤ƒyí∫ûªç ņo-°æ¤púø’
so Åçö«ç. °∂晫-Ø√îÓöÀéÀ ≤ƒyí∫ûªç ņo-
welcome to a place
°æ¤púø’ Åçö«ç. Ñ
'to' welcome
È®çúø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x †’ ûª®√yûª
¢√úøû√ç. °∂晫-Ø√¢√JE -≤ƒyí∫-A-Ææ’hØ√oç
Murthy: This appears to be a better sugges- ņo-°æ¤púø’, We welcome ûª®√yûª
tion. The gold coin could have the (Éçé¬Ææh áèπ◊\´ Ææ秃-Cç-îª-ö«-EéÀ Éçé¬Ææh áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ°æ¤ to ®√ü¿’, ´’†ç ≤ƒyí∫-A-Ææ ’h†o
company's name, logo and the words °æE-îË-ߪ’-í∫-©-¢Ë¢Á÷ îª÷úø’. °æE îÁ®·u ÅE Ææ÷*ç-îªôç) ´uéÀhE îÁ•’û√ç.
silver jubilee (1984-2008) embossed 3) Why don't you?
eg: Why don't you buy the car? It appears to
Our hearty welcome to the
on them.
Chief guest.
(Ñ Ææ÷ ÅEoç-öÀ-éπØ√o ¶«í∫’çC. be good.
(´·êu ÅA-C∑éÀ ´÷ ≤ƒyí∫ûªç)
•çí¬®Ω’ Ø√ù„ç, ¢ÁçúÕ éπ°ˇ O’ü¿ ´’† (Ç é¬®Ω’ ¶«í∫’-†o-ô’dçC. é̆-èπÿ-úøü¿÷? éÌØ√-©E
We welcome the Chief guest.
éπç°F Ê°®Ω’, *£æ«oç, silver jubilee Ææ÷).
(1984-2008) ņo ´÷ô©’, Ö¶„s-ûª’hí¬ É°æ¤púø’ formal suggestions èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions:
v°æ-¨¡o: i) ؈’ Féπ™« Å´-鬨¡ç É´y-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈-LqçC.
(´·êu ÅA-C∑E ≤ƒyí∫-A-Ææ’hØ√oç)
´·vCç-îª-´îª’a.) 1) May I suggest ...?
logo= *£æ«oç; emboss= Ö¶„s-ûª’hí¬ ´·vCç-îªôç eg: May I suggest that a bonus of 20% be ii) ؈’ E†o ´*a Öçõ‰ Ñ®ÓV ¢Á∞Ïx¢√úÕ-ØË¢Á÷.
X inscribe = îÁéπ\ôç. ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Ø√ù«© O’ü¿ declared? iii) FéÓÆæç éπ∞¡Ÿx é¬ßª’©’ é¬ÊÆ™« áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷Æœ
´‚úø’ Æœç£æ…©’ emboss îËÆæ’ç-ö«®· éπü∆? 20 ¨»ûªç ¶†Æˇ v°æéπ-öÀç-îª-´’E Ææ÷*ç-îª-´î√a?= É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡-ü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.-O-öÀ-E ÉçTx≠ˇ™
☯ ☯ ☯ ☯
Ææ÷*-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’ ÅE formal í¬ îÁ°æpôç. ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
2) I suggest/ I would suggest v°æ鬨¸, É–¢Á’-®·™¸
Ñ lesson ™ ´’†ç suggestions (Ææ÷îª-†©’) É´y- -ï-¢√-•’: i) I shouldn't have given you such an
I suggest/ I'd suggest that the number of
ö«-EéÀ ¢√úË standard expressions îª÷ü∆lç. holidays be reduced = opportunity.
Suggestion -pronunciation= Ææï-¨¡aØ˛. ï ØÌéÀ\
ÂÆ©´¤©’ ûªT_ç-î√-©E Ææ÷*-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. ii) If I had come yesterday, I might have
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Suggestion èπÿ, advice èπÿ ûËú≈ gone today.
3) May I make/ give a suggestion here?
ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆? Advice (Ææ©£æ…) Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo
ᙫ îËߪ÷™ í∫öÀdí¬ ÉîËa Ç™-. Suggestion = Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ØËØÓ Ææ÷ îËߪ’-´î√a? iii) After having waited (for ages) for you,
(Ææ÷) Åçõ‰ Ç™- äéπöÀ Ææ÷*ç* ü∆EE §ƒöÀç- ÉO formal suggestions èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions: I was just thinking of going away.
î√®√ ™‰ü∆ ņo N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo °ü¿lí¬ °æöÀdç--éÓ-éπ-§Ú- éπ∞¡Ÿx é¬ßª’©’ é¬ÊÆ™« – ÉC ûÁ©’í∫’ ñ«Bߪ’ç
´ôç. Suggestion, advice éπçõ‰ Ææ’Eo-ûªçí¬ EXERCISE – DEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† ¶µ«´ç English ™ ™‰ü¿’.
Öçô’çC. Practise the following aloud in English: v°æ-¨¡o: I have a doubt regarding 'small and big
a) É™« îÁ®·u †’´¤y - Advice. Murthy: Silver Jubilee °æ¤®Ω-Ææ \-Jç--èπ◊E éÌûªh hole'. What should we say for
b) É™« îËÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-ô’ç-üË¢Á÷ – Suggestion. (productivity),
Öû√p-ü¿-éπû√ áèπ◊\´ Ææ秃- 'kannnam' and 'goyya'.
Study the following sentences from the ü¿Ø√ ©é~¬u-©†’ °ô’d-èπ◊ç-ü∆´÷? †OØ˛ π◊´÷®˝, É–¢Á’®·™¸
conversation above: Sankar: í∫ûª Ææç´ûªq®Ωç éπçõ‰ 10% áèπ◊\´ Öû√p-ü¿- -ï-¢√-•’: Kannam - éπ†oç Åçõ‰ hole ÅØË Åçö«ç.
a) I suggest that we celebrate the silver jubilee éπû√ ©éπ~uç Ø√ Ææ÷. íÌ®·uéà hole ÅØË ¢√úøû√ç. íÌ®·uéÀ ÉçéÓ-
in a fitting manner. Sundar: ´’J-éÌEo, Åçõ‰ éπFÆæç 5 ¨»ê-©-ØÁjØ√ ûÁ®Ω- ´÷ô pit.
b) Let's give it wide publicity. ¢√L, Ñ ®Ωï-ûÓ-ûªq´ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™. ¢Ëûª-Ø√© v°æ-¨¡o: BIMONTHLY is used for FORTNIGHT-
c) We could observe the whole year as the sil- °ç°æ¤-ü¿© èπÿú≈ Ø√ Ææ÷. LY as well. Can you give an example to
ver jubilee year. Sekhar: ÅC ´îËa Ææç´-ûªq-®√-EéÀ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëü∆lç. elaborate the meaning.
d) I suppose we can give some special bonus. Sankar: éÌçûª ™«¶µ«™x éÓûª ûª°æp-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, silver †OØ˛, É–¢Á’-®·™¸
e) Let's discuss it with our finance manager. jubilee Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™ ÉÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC éπü∆? -ï-¢√-•’: Bimonthly Åçõ‰ 1) È®çúø’ØÁ©-©-éÓ-≤ƒJ, 2)
Murthy: É´Fo Ç™-*ü∆lç.
f) Wouldn't it be better if we gave them Rs. ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x – È®çúø’ Å®√n©÷ ÖØ√o®·
ANSWER O’®Ω’ îÁ°œp-†ô’x. Fortnightly Åçõ‰ 15 ®Ó-V-
2000 in cash and a gift worth Rs. 500/-.
Murthy: On the occasion of silver jubilee shall
g) We might as well give each employee ... ©èπ◊ (°æéπ~ç) -ä-éπ-≤ƒJ ÅE. é¬F áèπ◊\-´í¬
Suggestions ™ èπÿú≈ formal suggestions we have new targets for productivity and bimonthly Åçõ‰ È®çúø’ØÁ©-©-éÓ-≤ƒJ ÅØË
(´’†-éπçõ‰ àüÓ-N-üµ¿çí¬ Â°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x-éÀîËa Ææ÷îª-†-©’)èπ◊ turnover?/ let's have new targets for ... Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x
Sankar: I suggest a 10% higher target in pro- ņö«-EéÀ fortnightly ÅØËüË áèπ◊\-´í¬
¢√úË expressions èπÿ, informal suggestions
(´’†ç ¶«í¬ ’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-LÍí ¢√∞¡x-éÀîËa Ææ÷îª-†-©)èπ◊ ductivity. ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Twice a month ÅE èπÿú≈
¢√úË expressions èπÿ î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. Sundar: We can open some more branches, Åçö«®Ω’. î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ bi
at least 5 more branches in this silver monthly Åçö«®Ω’.
°j† É*a† expressions ™ î√™«-´’-ô’èπ◊ informal
expressions. ÅN: jubilee year. May I also suggest a a) The committee meets fortnightly
1) Let's give it wide publicity = ¶«í¬ v°æî √®Ωç wage rise? (15 ®ÓV-©-éÓ-≤ƒJ, ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x)
îËü∆lç. Sekhar: Let's postpone it until next year. b) We have bimonthly meetings.
Let's (let us) - ÉC informal. ÉçéÌEo informal Sankar: Wouldn't it be better if we sanctioned/ (È®çúø’ØÁ©-©-éÓ-≤ƒJ ´÷ meetings
expressions. announced the wage rise in the silver Öçö«®·.)
2) We could observe ... = Silver jubilee jubilee year?
R
Ææç´-ûªq-
Murthy: Let's think of all these.
- M. SURESAN
®Ωçí¬ §ƒöÀç-îª-´îª’a/ §ƒöÀç-ü∆ç.
-≤Ú-´’-¢√®Ωç 22 -ï-†-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
262
Dileep: I've just been looking for you and you
are here. (I am) relieved to see you.
(F éÓÆæ¢Ë’ îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o†’, †’¢Ëy ÖØ√o-N-éπ\úø..
E†’o îª÷úøôç °ü¿l relief í¬ ÖçC.)
Relieved= àüÓ Â°ü¿l •®Ω’´¤ CT-§Ú-®·† ņ’-
¶µº´ç Å®·ûË, Å°æ¤púø’, relieved Åçö«ç.
My son has tested negative for jaundice.
I am relieved/ feel relieved/ feel greatly
relieved/ What a relief!/ It's a big relief=
´÷ Ŷ«s-®·éÀ ¢Ájü¿u-°æ-K-éπ~™ 鬢Á’®Ω’x ™‰ü¿E
ûËLçC. ÅC NE Ü°œJ °‘©’a-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’/
N´·éÀh §ÒçC-†-ôx-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-†’/ -ØÁAhO’C
°ü¿l •®Ω’´¤ CT-†-ô’xçC.
Could you do me a favour?
Sreenu: Nice to see you too. What could you
be looking for me for? (E†’o îª÷úøôç
Ø√èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. -üËEéÓÆæç
Ø√éÓÆæç îª÷Ææ’h-†oöx?)
Dileep: Could you do me a favour?
(Ø√éÓ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©¢√?)
Sreenu: Certainly, if only I can. Come on, what
is it?
(؈’ îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûË ûª°æpéπ îË≤ƒh. îÁ°æ¤p.
àçôC?)
Dileep: Hope you don't mind a little trouble I
am going to give you. (Fèπ◊ ؈’ éπL-
TçîË v¨¡´’ °æöÀdç-éÓ´E ÇP-Ææ’hØ√o.)
Sreenu: Come on, Dileep. What exactly is it?
What can I do for you? (àçôC?
ØËFoÍéç îËߪ’-í∫-©†’?)
Dileep: You know for long I've been thinking of
building a house. I need a bank loan
for it. I thought you could be of help in
getting it. (î√™«é¬-©çí¬ É©’x éπö«d-©-†’-èπ◊ç-
ô’-Ø√o-†E Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’éπü∆. ü∆EéÀ ¶«uçé˙
®Ω’ùç Ø√éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç. ÅC §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ †’´¤y
≤ƒßª’-°æ-úø-í∫-©-´E ؈-†’-èπ◊Ø√o).
Sreenu: I'll do it for you, but I don't think you
need anybody's help. If you have the
right documents and the right security,
the banks will only be too eager to
offer the loan.
(îË≤ƒh†’, é¬E Ñ N-≠æ-
ߪ’ç™ FÈé-´J ≤ƒßª’ç 鬢√-©E ؈-†’-
éÓ†’. ÆæÈ®j† °ævû√©’ F ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰, †’´¤y
ÆæÈ®j† £æ…O’ ÉÊÆh ¶«uçèπ◊©’ ®Ω’ù«L-´yö«EéÀ
Ç-vûªçí¬-ØË Öçö«®·.)
They will only be too eager... Ééπ\úø too
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç, so that not ûÓ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ Å®·,
negative meaning ®√ü¿’. É™«çöÀîÓôx ´’K
¶«í¬ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç ´Ææ’hçC.
I shall only be too happy to get Crores of
rupees in a lottery =
™«ôK™ éÓôx ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ ®√´ôç Ø√èπ◊ ´’K
ÆæçûÓ-≠æ¢Ë’.
In what other way can I be of help
you, then? ( Éçéπ/ Å™«çö°æ¤púø’ ØËØË
Nüµ¿çí¬ Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’çí¬ Öçúø-í∫-©†’?)
Dileep: Let me explain. I need your help in
getting the loan quickly, and in the
matter of more instalments.
(îÁ°æpF.
Ç ™Ø˛ ûªy®Ωí¬ ´îËa N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, áèπ◊\´
¢√®·-ü∆© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ F Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç 鬢√L.)
Sreenu: I'll do it for you. Just let me know how.
(-FéÓÆæç îË≤ƒh-†’. ᙫ îËߪ÷™ îÁ°æ¤p.)
Dileep: The manager of the bank knows you
very well. (¶«uçèπ◊ ¢Ë’ØË-ï®˝èπ◊ †’´¤y ¶«í¬
ûÁ©’Ææ’.)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Sreenu: So, would you like me to put in a word Hope you don't mind my
in your favour? (鬕öÀd, Féπ-†’-èπÿ-©çí¬ ã using your phone= help ÉC
´÷ô Åûª-úÕûÓ îÁ°æpØ√?) permission
é¬-´îª’a/ 鬴a.
Dileep: Exactly, and... (ÅüË, Éçé¬...)
I thought you could be of
Sreenu: Perhaps I could stand guarantee for help in this matter. (Ñ N≠æ-
the loan too. Is it that?
(Ç ®Ω’ù«EéÀ ؈’ ߪ’ç™ O’®Ω’ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úø-í∫-©-®ΩE
£æ…O’í¬ Öçú≈L. ÅçûË-éπü∆?) ؈-†’-èπ◊Ø√o)
Dileep: That'd be very kind of you. I'd be
a) You could help me by showing how to do it= Can you please tell me the difference
delighted if you were prepared to do v°æ¨¡o:
that, provided it's no trouble for you. ÅC ᙫ îËߪ÷™ îª÷°œç* Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úø-´îª’a between 'ADVICE' and 'ADVISE'?
(ÅC íÌ°æp Ææ£æ…-ߪ’¢Ë’ Å´¤-ûª’çC. FÍéç (≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøçúÕ) - Deepika Pinjala, e-mail
trouble ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, ü∆EéÀ †’´¤y Æœü¿l¥-¢Á’iûË b) You could help understand this, couldn't ï¢√•’:
Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ¢Ë’.) you? = ÉC ؈’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ é¬Ææh ≤ƒßª’ç Advice is noun, and advise is verb.
Kind= ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç ü¿ßª’. é¬F á´-È®jØ√ îËߪ’çúÕ. Look at the following sentences.
´’†èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’ç-îËÊÆh ´’† éπ%ûª-ïcûª ûÁ©°æ-ö«-EéÀ, ≤ƒßª’ç ÅçCç-îËç-ü¿’ π◊ ÆæçÆœ-ü¿l¥ûª ûÁLÊ° expres- 1) I want advice on this matter.
That's very kind of you Åçö«ç. -É-C O’
sions É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç. É™«çöÀ expressions (Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ©£æ… é¬¢√L)
conversation ™ practice îËߪ’ç-úÕ.
delight = ÆæçûÓ≠æç
°j† îÁ°œp† sentences No. 2), 4), 6), 7), 8) and (advice = Ææ©£æ…)
10) ™ îª÷úøçúÕ. Ñ offers of help ™ πÿú≈ for- 2) Please advise me on this matter.
Sreenu: Is there anything else I can do?
mal and informal Öçö«®·. (Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Ææ©£æ… É´yçúÕ – advise
= Ææ©£æ… É´yôç)
(-ØË-†’ ÉçÍé-´’Ø√o îËߪ’í∫-©Ø√?)
Advise = give advice
Advise verb Å®·-†ç-ü¿’†, advises, advised
ÅØËN ¢√úøû√ç. Advices, adviced ÅØË
´÷ô©’ ™‰´¤.
v°æ¨¡o: My name is Sekhar. I have a problem in
spoken English. I can read well and I
can understood well. But I have a shy
Dileep: Nothing more. I can manage the rest.
1) What can I do for you? to speak up. I want to improve my
(ÉçÍéç-™‰ü¿’. N’í∫û√ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ -ØË-†’
2) Can I help you?/ Can I be of any help? speaking in English. How can I over
îª÷Ææ’éÓí∫-©-†’.) come this problem?
-Ñ conversation Åçû√ äéπ-JE Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç Åúø-í∫-ö«- 3) Let me help you.
- Sekhar, e-mail.
4) Is there anything I can do? (to help you)? =
EéÀ, äéπ-JéÀ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç -îË-ߪ’ö«-EéÀ/ Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úø-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úË ï¢√•’:
expressions ûÓ Öçúøôç O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. ؈’ îËߪ’-í∫© ≤ƒßª’ç à´’Ø√o Öçü∆?
The best way to speak in English is to
É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç real life situations ™ äéπJ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç É´Fo èπÿú≈ formal/ informal í¬ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
speak on You
(´÷ö«x-úË-ߪ’-ô¢Ë’).
Åúø-í∫-ú≈-EéÀ/ §Òçü¿-ú≈-EéÃ, äéπ-JéÀ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç -îË-ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ éÌçîÁç formal expressions. perhaps are afraid that others
¢√úË standard expressions ´÷vûª-¢Ë’-é¬-èπ◊çú≈, 1) Could I help you? might laugh at you. Just don't
≤ƒßª’ç §ÒçC-†-°æ¤púø’ thanks îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úË 2) Shall I help you? care. Speak on. You'll then
expressions èπÿú≈ îª÷ü∆lç. 3) If you don't mind, I'll do it for you. develop speaking English as a
Look at the following sentences from the habit. Don't worry that you
¶«í¬ formal í¬ ÖçúË expressions.
conversation above. may make mistakes. In course
1) May I help you?
1) Could you do me a favour? of time you'll find a lot of improvement.
2) May I be of any help?
2) Certainly, if only I can. Come on, what is it? Read as much English as you can and lis-
3) May I be of any assistance? ten to TV English newscasts.
3) Hope you don't mind a little trouble I'm going
to give you. ûª°æp- π◊çú≈ äéπJéÀ 鬢√Lq† ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ v°æ¨¡o: I got one doubt that is...
4) What can I do for you? Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’ ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ ¢√úË expressions. I am going to Bheemavaram (active
5) I thought you could be of help in getting it. 1) If/ In case you need my help, let me know= voice). Change into the passive voice.
6) I'll do it for you.
Ø√ ≤ƒßª’ç é¬-¢√Lq-´ÊÆh, -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’ç-úÕ/- ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ. - Y. Ramakrishna, e-mail.
7) In what other way/ How else can I be of 2) If I can do anything, feel free to let me know ï¢√•’:
help to you? = ØËØË-´’Ø√o ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûË, Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ I am going to Bheemavaram - this sen-
8) Would you like me to put in a word in your
îÁ°æpç-úÕ. tence has no passive form. Only verbs
3) If I can be of help don't hesitate to let me
favour? having objects can be put in passive
know =
9) That'd be very kind of you. ؈’ ≤ƒßª’ç -îË-ߪ’-í∫-©-†-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Åúø-í∫-ú≈-EéÀ voice. In your sentence the verb, am going
(hesitate=
10) Is there anything else I can do?
ÆæçéÓ-*ç-îª-´ü¿’l. ÆæçéÓ-*ç-îªôç) has no object. (Am going what? Am going
whom? - These question have no answer.
°j sentences ™ 1), 3), 5) Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’-èπ◊/- ≤ƒßª’ç §ÒçC-†-°æ¤púø’ éπ%ûª-ïcûª ûÁLÊ° Nüµ∆-Ø√©’:
§Òç-üËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions. É™«çöÀ expres- 1) Thank you - ÉC î√™« common, ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà á´-JE ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o†’? üËEo ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o†’? ÅØË
sions ™ formal í¬ ¢√úËN äéπ®Ωéπçí¬, informal í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’. v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ answer ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, am going èπ◊
object ™‰ü¿-†o-´÷ô.) Such verbs have no
¢√úËN ´’®Ó-N-üµ¿çí¬ Öçö«®·. 2) That's very kind of you/ thoughtful of you.
passive voice. Verbs with objects like 'eat'
Informal expressions: 3) That'd be welcome. have passive voice. üËEo A†ôç?/ á´Jo
a) How about helping me with a little money? 4) I'd be delighted. A†ôç? Åçõ‰ answer ´Ææ’hçC 鬕öÀd ü∆EéÀ
(´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç ÖçúÕ îª†’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-L-Íí- 5) That's very good of you. object passive
ÖçC, Åçü¿’-éπE ´Ææ’hçC.
¢√-∞¡x†’ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊.) 6) I don't know how I can thank you. Å®·ûË, Imperative sentences (Çïc©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-
b) Can you help me carry this? †©÷, N†o§ƒ©’ ûÁLÊ° ¢√é¬u-©)™ object -™‰E
7) I'm really grateful to you.
c) Will you give me a lift upto the college? verbs (intransitive verbs) èπ◊ èπÿú≈ passive
(greatful= éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª-í∫©)
É´Fo èπÿú≈ informal ways of asking for help. Öçô’çC. é¬F Ç passive form î√-™«-´’-ô’èπ◊
8) Thank you. Hope I'm not troubling you.
Formal expressions: éπ%ûªéπç (artificial) í¬, àüÓ grammar éÓÆæç îËÆœ-
a) Could you do me a favour?
OöÀ-†-Eo-öÀE conversation ™ Å´-鬨¡ç ´*a-†-°æ¤-úø™«x †-ô’dç-ô’çCé¬E, spoken English ™ Åçûª
Ø√éÓ-≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh¢√? ÉC î√™« ´’®√u-ü¿-°æ‹-®Ωy- ¢√úÕûË ´’† ¶µ«≠æ™ ÅC ¶µ«í∫-¢Á’i-§Ú®·, ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’- Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçúøü¿’.
éπçí¬, ü∆ü∆°æ¤ •A-´÷-©’-ûª’-†oô’d ÅúÕÍí Nüµ∆†ç. èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË correct í¬ ¢√úø-í∫-©’-í∫’û√ç. v°æ¨¡o: May I know the name of a 'Parsee tem-
b) Could you pay the telephone bill for me? ple?'. What is the one-word for 'Change
EXERCISE
Here is the bill and the money = of form or character'?
Make as many sentences as you can, on the
Ø√ telephone bill é¬Ææh éπúø-û√¢√/ éπúø-û√®√? – - S. Chandrasekhara Rao, e-mail.
following pattern.
ÉN-íÓçúÕ, bill, úø•’s©÷. ï¢√•’: 1) Parsees do not have the practice
Subject verb object '...ing' form of temple worship - so no word for
c) Could you take me to the doctor?
I saw the thief entering the house. temple in Parsee language.
Hope you don't mind - O’éπ-¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿-†’-èπ◊ç-
(üÌçí∫ ÉçöxéÀ v°æ¢Ë-P-Ææ’hç-úøí¬ Øˆ’ îª÷-¨»†’.) 2) Metamorphosis = Complete
ö«†’ (àü¿Ø√o ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ) change of form or character.
He hears her singing in the morning.
(É-Cî√™« formal expression- ´’†-éπõ‰d °æJ-îªßª’癉E-
(§Òü¿’l† Ç¢Á’ §ƒúø’-ûª’ç-õ‰/- §ƒ-úøôç Åûªúø’ Nçö«úø’.)
- M. SURESAN
¢√-∞¡x-ûÓ/ -´’-†-éπçõ‰ àüÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ Â°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ.)
-•’-üµ¿¢√®Ωç 24 -ï-†-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
263
Virat: Hi Brihat, Where have you been till
now? Your were to take me to the engi-
neer the day before yesterday. I Waited
and waited but no trace of you. Your
cell was switched off too.
( English (natural spoken English) ™ die î√™«
áéπ\-úø’-Ø√o´¤ É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊? ¢Á·†o-†í¬ †’´¤y
††’o Engineer ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«x-LqçC. F
éÓÆæç áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷ÊÆh F ñ«úË ™‰ü¿’. F cell
èπÿú≈ ÇÊ°Æœ ÖçC.)
Brihat: I've a good reason, Virat.
(ü∆EéÓ •©-¢Á’i† 鬮Ωùç ÖçC.)
Virat: I can see that. You don't appear to be in
the best of spirits. What's wrong?
(؈®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©†’. àçöÀ, †’¢Ëy-´’çûª
ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ éπE-°œç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’? à¢Á’içC?)
in the best of spirits = ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬/ Öû√q-£æ«çí¬.
Really sorry to hear that
Brihat: I have bad news. My uncle passed
away the day before yesterday. It was
early in the morning. The end was sud-
den.
(ã Ũ¡Ÿ-¶µº-¢√®Ωh. ¢Á·†o §Òü¿’lØËo ´÷
¶«¶«ß˝’ îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. £æ«®∏√-†t-®Ωùç)
Virat: Really sorry to hear that. How is it I did-
n't know that? My condolences to you.
(Ç ´÷ô N†-ú≈-EéÀ Eïçí¬ Nî√-J-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.
Ø√Èéç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-™‰ü¿’ ´’J? Fèπ◊ Ø√
Ææçû√°æç.)
Brihat: I thought of calling you and telling you
of it, but you are getting ready to have
the foundation stone ceremony of your
house. I didn't want to give the bad
news during such an auspicious time.
(Fèπ◊ phone îËÆœ îÁ•’ü∆´’†’-èπ◊Ø√o é¬F O’
ÉçöÀ ¨¡çèπ◊-≤ƒn-°æ† ÆæØ√o-£æ…™x ÖØ√o´¤.
Å™«çöÀ ¨¡Ÿ¶µº-Ææ-´’-ߪ’ç™ Ñ îÁúø’ ¢√®Ωh
îÁ°æpúøç Ø√éÀ≠dçæ ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·çC.)
Virat: Even your cousin Sai didn't tell me of it.
(O’cousin – ¶«¶«®· éÌúø’èπ◊-– ≤ƒ®· èπÿú≈
Ø√ûÓ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.)
Brihat: For the same reason. That's why we
didn't respond to calls from you.
(ÉüË é¬®Ωùç. Åçü¿’-éπØË F calls èπ◊ èπÿú≈
Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç É´y-™‰ü¿’.)
Virat: Thank you for being so considerate
though I should have liked your inform-
ing me of it. I would have paid my last
respects to him. I feel bad about it.
(Ø√ í∫’Jç* Åçûª ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷-Aí¬ Å†’-èπ◊-†oç-
ü¿’èπ◊ Thanks. Å®·Ø√ O’®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊ îÁ°œp-
´¤çõ‰ ¶«í∫’ç-úËC. *´-J-≤ƒ-Jí¬ Çߪ’†’o
îª÷ÊÆ-¢√-úÕE. O’®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊ îÁ°æp-éπ-§Ú-´ôç
Eïçí¬ ¶«üµ¿í¬ ÖçC.)
Brihat: He did not here but in Hyderabad. I had
to leave suddenly. Sorry, Sai or I didn't
inform you of it.
(Çߪ’† îªE§Ú®·çC Ééπ\úø é¬ü¿’ £j«ü¿-®√-
¶«-ü˛™. ؈’ Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xLq ´*açC.
؈’-í¬E, ≤ƒ®·-í¬E Fèπ◊ îÁ°æp-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊
sorry.)
Virat: I wish to send my condolences to Sai
and the other members of the family. I
think he was about 55 years of age -
too young to die.
( Sai éÀ Éûª®Ω èπ◊ô’ç-•-Ææ-¶µº’u-©èπ◊ Ø√
Ææçû√°æç ûÁ©-§ƒ-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. Çߪ’-†èπ◊
55 à∞¡x-†’-èπ◊çö«– î√´¤-éπC *†o-´-ߪ’ÊÆ.)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Brihat: He used to like me very much.
(؈çõ‰ Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ É≠æd-°æ-úË-¢√úø’.)
Virat: May his soul rest in peace.
(Çߪ’† Çûªtèπ◊ ¨»çA éπ©-í¬L.)
Brihat: So May it.
(Å™«ØË ï®Ω-í¬L.)
English ™ formalities èπ◊ (°æü¿l¥-ûª’-©èπ◊) -î√™«
v§ƒüµ∆†uç Öçô’çC. v°æA Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eéà ûªT† expres-
sions Öçö«®·, ÅN ¢√úøôç ᙫíÓ ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L.
á´-È®jØ√ îªE-§Ú-®·-†-°æ¤púø’ (May God forbid) Å™«ç-
öÀN ï®Ω-í¬-©E é¬ü¿’, é¬E ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª÷ØË Öçö«®· éπü∆!
Ñ ¶µ«´çûÓ ¢√úË expression:
May God forbid = Å™«ç-öÀN üË´¤úø’ ï®Ω-í∫-E-´y-èπ◊çú≈
Öçúø’-í¬éπ. Ææçû√°æç ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË standard
expressions É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç.
´’®Ω-ù-¢√®Ωh N†o-°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç ûÁLÊ° Ææçû√°æç.
condolences (éπçúÓ-™„-ØÁqÆˇ)– 'úÓ— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç.
DØÁo-°æ¤púø÷ plural ™ØË ¢√úøû√ç. condolence ÅØË
´÷ô-™‰ü¿’.
Now, look at the following sentences from
the conversation above.
1) Really sorry to hear that.
2) My condolences to you.
3) I'd have paid my last respects.
4) I wish to send my condolences to Sai and
the other members of the family.
5) May his soul rest in peace.
°j´Fo èπÿú≈ death news N†o-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË standard
expressions.
1) Really sorry to hear that =
ÅC N†-ö«-EéÀ Eïçí¬ Nî√-J-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. à ü¿’®√y®Ωh
NØ√o Ñ expression ¢√úøû√ç.
a) I am sorry to hear the news of his father's
death.
b) It's very unfortunate. What a tragedy! =
î√™« ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%≠ædç. áçûª Ç°æü¿!
c) Really shocking that he should die/ died
so young.
Åçûª *†o ´ßª’-Ææ’™ §Ú´úøç î√™« Cví¬s¥ç-
A-éπ®Ωç.
d) Oh, what a way to die! =
ᙫçöÀ î√´¤ ´*açC! (ÉC ´·êuçí¬ acci-
dent ™ØÓ, -á´-JØÓ ®ΩéÀ~ç-îª-¶®· îªE-§Ú-®·-†-
°æ¤púÓ ¢√úË-´÷ô.)
2) My condolences to you =
Fèπ◊ Ø√ Ææçû√°æç. ÉC ´’†ç ´’%ûª’úÕ èπ◊ô’ç•
Æ涵º’u©†’ -ãü∆-Í®açü¿’èπ◊ ÅØË ´÷ô.
a) My heartfelt condolences to you =
Ø√ Bv´ Ææçû√°æç.
b) I express my condolences =
Ø√ Ææçû√°æç ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.
c) I offer/ send my condolences =
Ø√ Ææçû√°æç ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.
d) I convey my condolences =
ÉC éÌçîÁç formal.
3) Pay last respects =
´’%ûª’-©èπ◊ ´’† *´J îª÷°æ¤.
4) May his/ her soul rest in peace =
ÅûªúÕ/ Ç¢Á’ Çûªtèπ◊ ¨»çA éπ©’-í∫’-í¬éπ.
Please accept my condolences
ÅE èπÿú≈
Ææçû√°æç ûÁ©-°æ-´îª’a.
I offered him my condolences over the
death of his father = I condoled with him in
the death of his father =
ÅûªúÕ ûªçvúÕ ´’%AéÀ Åûª-úÕéÀ Ø√ Ææçû√°æç ᙫ
ûÁ©-°æ†’?
Offer/ give/ send/ express/ convey condo-
lences to some one = condole with some
one.
(condole ûª®√yûª with ûª°æpéπ ´Ææ’hçC.)
DEéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† Éûª®Ω ´÷ô©’:
How did he die? / What did he
die of? =
ᙫ îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’?
(´’®Ω-ùÀç-îªúøç ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, die
ņúøç Åçûª ´’ç* ´÷ô é¬ü¿-†’-
éÌE î√™«´’çC expire/ demise
ÅØË ´÷ô©’ ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’– ÉC ņ-´-Ææ®Ω
§ƒçúÕûªuç. Die Åçõ‰ îªE-§Ú-´úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
¢√úøôç, unpleasant ´÷ô é¬ü¿’. Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i†
common - Éçü¿’™ Æ涵ºuûª é¬EüË癉ü¿’. Pass
away ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a).
When did he die?/ When did the end come?
á°æ¤púø’ îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’?
bereaved family = ´’%ûª’© èπ◊ô’ç•ç
bereavement = (èπ◊ô’ç-•ç™) ´’%A.
ÉO î√´¤èπ◊ Ææç-•ç-Cµç-*-† ´÷ô©’
May god forbid our use of these words =
É™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ ¢√úË Å´-鬨¡ç üË´¤úø’ ®√E-´y-èπ◊çú≈
Öçúø’í¬éπ!
EXERCISE
Practise aloud sentences on the following
pattern.
sub verb noun/ for noun or
pronoun pronoun
1) He bought a sari for his wife
2) She cooked food for me
Noun Åçõ‰ any name: üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’†ç ÉîËa Ê°®Ω’–
´’E≠œ/ ïçûª’´¤/ ´Ææ’h´¤, etc., (Teacher, lion, pen,
etc)
Pronoun - noun èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úË, he, she, is, they,
I, we, you ™«çöÀN.
v°æ¨¡o:
1. ''
O’ Ø√†o Ø√ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úÕ-Ø√úø’.—— -D-E-E
ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
2. ''O’ Éçöx Æ涵º’u-©†’ ÅúÕ-T-†ô’x îÁ°æ¤p.—— Ñ
¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
3. Four rupees - four rupee. -à-C
ÆæÈ®jç-C? 300 rupees - 300 rupee.
Which is correct? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
4. éÀçC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç
îÁ°æpçúÕ.
1. Delhi king also mother's son.
2. Crore educations feed for ... ÉN
¨¡çéπ-®˝-ü∆-ü∆™™«í¬ Å®Ωnç´îËa ¢√é¬u©’.
ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©°æçúÕ.
– ñ„. °æ¤≥ƒpç-ïE, †çC-éÌ-ô÷\®˝.
-ï-¢√-•’:
1. Your father has talked to me.
2. My regards/ best wishes/ wishes/
enquiries to the members of your family.
3. Four, three hundred, plural
ÅØËN 鬕öÀd four
rupees, three hundred rupees
ÅØË ÅØ√L.
Å®·ûË ÉC Ø√©’í∫’ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© (Åçõ‰ Åçûª
êKü¿’ îËÊÆ) pen ņo-°æ¤púø’, it is a four rupee
pen; Å™«Íí ÉC 300 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© (Åçõ‰
®Ω÷. 300 êKü¿’ îËÊÆ) book ņo-°æ¤púø’, It is a
three hundred rupee book Åçö«ç.
4. O’®Ω’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æp-´’†o ¨¡çéπ-®˝-ü∆ü∆ ÆœE-
´÷-™E English ¢√é¬u©’ ÆæÈ®j† English ™
™‰´¤. ÅN ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ö†o ´÷ô-©†’ Å™«Íí
ûÁ©’í∫’ ´®Ω-Ææ-™ØË English ™éÀ ´÷Ja-†N. 1)
úµÕMxéÀ ®√ï-®·Ø√, ûªLxéÀ éÌúø’Íé. 2) éÓöÀ Nü¿u©’
èπÿöÀ éÌ®ΩÍé.
2
Q. How do we use the following modal idiom
in conversation. Do give Telugu transla-
tions also.
had as well, had best, can't help, can't
hear, can't stand, must needs, may as
well, can't help, but can make nothing, can
you beat it.
- K. Rama Krishna, Ongole

had as well-
DEéÀ v°æûËu-éπçí¬ Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç
´¤†o-ô’x-™‰ü¿’. Åûª†’ ¢Á∞«xúø’, Ç¢Á’ ¢ÁRxçC= He has
gone; she had as well (Ç¢Á’ èπÿú≈)
"They had bought a Car" "We had as well"
car
''¢√∞¡Ÿx éÌØ√o®Ω’—— ''¢Ë’´‚ éÌØ√oç——

had best= had better= (ã °æE) îËߪ’ôç
´’ç*C. a) You don't appear to be well. You
had best/had better consult a doctor =
Doctor
†’´¤y èπ◊™«-≤ƒí¬ éπ-E°œç-îª-úøç ™‰ü¿’. †’
îª÷-úø-ôç ´’ç*C.

Can't help= ûª°æpü¿’.
If you want a car, you can't help spending
money =
鬮Ω’ éÌØ√-©çõ‰ úø•’s ê®Ω’a °ôdôç ûª°æpü¿’.

If you are truthful, you can't help the enmity
of others = †’´¤y Eñ«--ߪ’Bí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰
FéÀ-ûª-®Ω’© ¨¡-vûª’ûªyç ûª°æpü¿’.

If you walk in rain, you can't help being
drenched = ¢√†™ †úÕÊÆh ûªúø-´éπ ûª°æpü¿’.

Can't hear= N†-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´ôç.
I can't hear anything against Gandhi =
í¬çDµéÀ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ ØËØËO’ N†-™‰†’.

Can't stand= Can't bear= ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´ôç.
Kashmiris can't stand the heat of Delhi=
úµÕMx ¢ËúÕE é¬Qt-K©’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰®Ω’.
She can't stand people abusing her hus-
band=
ûª† ¶µº®Ωh-†’ -É-ûª-®Ω’©’ Aôdúøç Ç¢Á’ Æ棜«ç-îª-™‰ü¿’.

Must needs - ÉC ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’ – Needs
must
¢√-úø-û√®Ω’. ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ îËߪ÷L ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ,
é¬F DEéÀ èπÿú≈ °æ‹Jh Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç ™‰ü¿’
He needs must do it (= -Å-ûª†C ûª°æpéπ îËߪ÷L)
ÅØË •ü¿’©’ He needs to do it ÅE é¬F,
He must do it ÅE é¬F ņôç î√™«
¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.

May as well= ÉC èπÿú≈ -îË-ßÁ·îª’a éπü∆
ÅE. Why does he want us to go to
him. He may as well come here= ´’†-
¢Á’ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅûªE ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’?
ÅûªØË Ééπ\-úøèπ◊ ®√´îª’a éπü∆.
Instead of his doing it, I may as well do it/
I may do it as well=
ü∆Eo ¢√úø’îËÊÆ •ü¿’©’, ØËØË
-îË-ßÁ·-a éπü∆.

Can't help but -
Ñ expression wrong. Can't
help ÅØ√o ÅØ√L, Can't but ÅØ√o ÅØ√L –
È®ç-úÕçöÀéà ŮΩnç ûª°æpü¿’ ÅE.

I can't help going there= ؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞¡xéπ
ûª°æpü¿’= I can't but go there.

He can't help spending the money = ¢√úÕé¬
ê®Ω’a ûª°æpü¿’= He can't but spend the money.
(Can't help + ing form= Can't but + 1st
Regular Doing Word)

Can make nothing expression
ÅØË Can ™‰ü¿’,
make nothing out of something
Åçö«ç. -Åç-õ‰
– ÅüË-O’ -Å®Ωnç 鬴ôç ™‰ü¿E.
He can make nothing out of her words = Ç¢Á’
´÷ô-©-ûª-E-éπ®Ωnç Å´ôç ™‰ü¿’.

Can you beat it? Åçõ‰ ü∆Eo ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îª-í∫-©¢√?
ÅE. Åçõ‰ äéπ éπ≠d-¢æ Á’i† N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûª°œpç--éÓ-
í∫©¢√ -Å-E.

Living in Vijayawada can you beat the sum-
mer heat?= Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™ Öçô÷ ¢ËÆæ-N- ¢Ë-úÕE
ûª°œpç--éÓ-í∫-©¢√?
- M. SURESAN
-¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 26 -ï-†-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

b) Meeting the CM is only by appointment = Phone Phone, ring

îËߪ’ôç:
´·çü¿’-í¬ØË EKgûª Æ洒ߪ’ç, v°æüË-¨»™x éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË up, give a ring, give a tinkle,
à®√p-ô’ç-õ‰ØË, ´·êu-´’ç-vAE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´îª’a. call, make a call.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
OöÀ™ x
c) Consultation with the doctor is only by Modern English usage
264 ™
appointment = time
´·çü¿’í¬ à®√pô’ îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o áèπ◊\-´í¬ N†-°æ-úËC, call.
doctor phone, ring up,
I.
v°æé¬-®Ω¢Ë’ ûÓ Ææçv°æ-Cç-°æ¤©’. Å°æ¤púø°æ¤púø’
Bhargav: Hello, is it 257702284?
d) I am here by appointment = ´·çü¿’í¬ give a ring. call
OöÀ™x ûª®√yûª
(All phone numbers here are fictitious. phone
v°æ¨¡o: ÉçTx≠ˇ ví¬´’-®˝™
ņ’-èπ◊†o time, v°æü˨¡ç v°æé¬-®Ω¢Ë’ ØËE-éπ\-úø’Ø√o. áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’-†oC
phone
Ééπ\úÕ †ç•®Ω’x Íé´©ç éπLp-û√©’.) III. Prem: Hello, I'd like to speak to Mr. Syam. (somebody). Ring up, give a ring - British being §ƒvûª†’ í∫’Jç*
Vaibhav: Yes. English. Give a tinkle - totally out dated
Ram: Who's (who is) calling please? (§ƒûª- N´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-îË-ߪ’çúÕ.
Bhargav: Can I speak to Vaibhav? Call 1. Being Doctor, he is not in the
phone
(á´-®ΩçúŒ îËÆæ’h-†oC?) •-úÕ-§Ú-®·çC). Åçõ‰ °œ©-´ôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç
Vaibhav: Speaking. And who's this? Öçü¿E ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. regular practice.
Prem: I am prem, his friend, and this is urgent
Phone in: 1) ´’†ç ÖüÓuí∫ç îËÆæ’h†o office èπ◊, 2. We are very pleasureful on Mrs.
please.
(´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. ÉüÁ-´®Ω÷?)
Bhargav: Hi, Vaibhi, it's Bhargav here. How ÆæçÆænèπ◊ îËÊÆ phone. I have phoned in my tour Sonia Gandhi on being elected as
Prem,
programme = Ø√ tour programme N≠æߪ’ç president of AICC.
are you? (؈’ ¶µ«®Ω_¢˛ ´÷ö«x-úø’- (؈’ ÅûªE ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-úÕE. ÉC é¬Ææh
urgent.)
ûª’-Ø√o†’. ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤?) phone î˨»†’ ´÷ office èπ◊/ ÆæçÆænèπ◊. 3. The walls are being painted.
Ram: Please hold on while I find out if he can 2) TV Programmes ™ ´’†ç ´’† ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷©’
Vaibhav: Fine. Thank you. How are you? Nice
take the call. He is in a meeting.
-ï-¢√-•’:
– °œ.Ê£«´’çû˝, Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø
to hear your voice again after such a ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ, TV anchor ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπÿ, ´’†
long time. What's the matter? (Line ™ ÖçúøçúÕ, O’ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©-Í®¢Á÷ v°æ¨¡o©’ Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ phone îËߪ’ôç èπÿú≈.
éπ†’-èπ◊\çö«. Çߪ’ØÓ meeting ™ ÖØ√o®Ω’.) Being
Viewers may phone in during the programme
(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o. †’´¤y èπ◊™«-≤ƒØ√? î√™«- Åçõ‰ Åçü¿’-´©x /Å™« Öçúø-ôç-´©x ÅE
鬩ç ûª®√yûª®·Ø√ F íÌçûª’ N†ôç Prem: OK. Could you be fast? = programme phone
Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ Å®Ωnç.
(Å™«Íí. éÌçîÁç ûªy®Ωí¬ é¬E-´yçúÕ.) îËߪ’-´îª’a. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ. i) a) Being rich he can buy a car- Ö†o-¢√úø’
ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. àçöÀ N¨Ï≠æç?) car
(üµ¿E-èπ◊úø’) Å´-ôç-´©x é̆-í∫-©úø’.
b) Being weak, he is unable to walk- Åûªúø’

I'd like to speak to ..

Bhargav: So am I. A piece of happy news. My
sister's marriage has been fixed. It's
the 13th next month. (I am) calling
you just to share the happy news.
(Ø√èπÿ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ¢Ë’. ã ¨¡Ÿ¶µº-¢√®Ωh. ´÷ îÁ™„xL
°Rx E¨¡a-ߪ’-´’-®·çC. ´îËa-ØÁ© 13†. Ñ
ÆæçûÓ≠æç FûÓ °æç-éÓ¢√©E phone î˨».)
Vaibhav: Very happy to hear it. Congrats to
her.
(NØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC.
Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’.)
Bhargav: Can I speak to aunt and uncle? I
wish to give them the news too.
(O’ Å´÷t, Ø√Ø√o ÖØ√o®√? ¢√∞¡xèπÿ
Ñ´÷ô îÁ§ƒp-©E ÖçC.)
Vaibhav: Oh, sure. But only mom is in, Dad's
out on business. Here, over to mom.
(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. Å®·ûË Å´’t ´÷vûª¢Ë’
Éçöx ÖçC, Ø√†o °æE-O’ü¿ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-
∞«x®Ω’. ÉCíÓ Å´’tûÓ ´÷ö«xúø’.)
II. Anil: Is it 47957021?
Amar: Yes.
Anil: Can I speak to Mr.Amar?
(Å´’-®˝ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-´î√a)
Amar: Speaking. May I know who you are?
(´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. O’È®-´®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?)
Anil: I'm Anil. Hope you remember me. We
met a few days ago at the country club.
(؈’ Anil. O’®Ω’ ††’o í∫’®Ω’h-°æ-ö«d-®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«.
éÌEo-®Ó-V© éÀçü¿ô ´’†ç country club ™
éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.)
Amar: Oh sure, how are you Mr.Anil?
Anil: Fine. Thank you. Hope you are fine too.
IV. Praful: Is it Suprachar Ad Ltd.?
(ÉC Ææ’v°æ-î√®˝ Ads company ßË’Ø√?)
Prasanna: Yes. What can we do for you?
(Å´¤†’. îÁ°æpçúÕ O’Íéç 鬢√™?)
Praful: May I know who's (who is) speaking?
(á´®Ω’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?)
Prasanna: I'm Prasanna, Manager, front office.
May I know who you want to speak to?
(v°æÆæ†o, Ééπ\úø v°æñ« Ææç•çüµ¿ N¶µ«í∫ç officer †’.
á´-JûÓ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?)
(Front office: °ü¿l °ü¿l company ©™ v°æñ«
Ææç•çüµ¿ N¶µ«í∫ç. Company ™ v°æï©, customers,
Nî√-®Ω-ù-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ûÁLÊ° N¶µ«í∫ç. ÉN ≤ƒ´÷-
†uçí¬ company office ™ ´·çü¿’ hall ™/ í∫C™
Öçö«®· 鬕öÀd OöÀE front offices Åçö«ç.)
Praful: Good morning. Can you put me
through to your Manager, Marketing please?
(O’ Marketing Manager èπ◊ line/ connection
É≤ƒh®√, please?)
Prasanna: Could you please hold on? I've to
check whether he is in or out.
(line ™ Öçö«®√? Çߪ’† office ™ ÖØ√o®Ó ™‰®Ó
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L.)
Praful: OK.
Prasanna: He is not in, Mr. Praful. Have you
any message to be passed on to him?
(Çߪ’† ™‰®Ω’. O’®√-ߪ’-†-Íé-´’Ø√o ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω-îª-´’ç-
ö«®√? / O’Í®-´’Ø√o Çߪ’-†èπ◊ Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ´÷ûÓ
´ü¿-©-ü¿-©--èπ◊-Ø√o®√?)
Praful: Just tell him I've called and to call me
as soon as he is back.
a) Fèπ◊ phone Öçü∆? = Are you on phone?
b) I am on phone. Could you mute the TV =
phone TV mute
îËÆæ’hØ√o. E é¬Ææh îÁß˝’.
ÉO telephone èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô©’. É°æ¤púø’
telephone ™ ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ îª÷ü∆lç.
Look at conversation I: ÉC Éü¿l®Ω’ friends ´’üµ¿u
informal phone conversation éπü∆? ÅEo infor-
mal situations ™†÷, î√™« formal situations
™†÷ ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿ô ´’†ç ÆæÈ®j† number °œL-î√´÷
ÅE E®√l¥-®Ωù îËÆæ’-èπ◊çö«ç. (ûª®Ωîª÷ phone îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-
¢√∞¡Ÿx Å´-ûª-L-¢√∞¡x íÌçûª’ Ææ’©-¶µºç-í¬ØË í∫’®Ω’h-°æ-õ‰d-Ææ’hç-
ö«®Ω’. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’, Can I speak to/ Am I
speaking to ... ÅØË ´÷ô© Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçúøü¿’.)
Conversation II îª÷úøçúÕ.
ÉC éÌClí¬ formal. éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿õ‰ °æJ-îª-ߪ’-¢Á’i-†-
¢√-∞¡x-´’üµ¿u phone conversation. Ééπ\úø é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫-
ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L formality N≠æ-ߪ’ç™. Mr. Amar
(Mister ÅØËC formal).
Amar: Speaking. (ÉC Can I speak to Mr.
Amar? èπ◊ correct response. Practice
îËߪ’çúÕ.)
May I know who you are?. ´’†èπ◊ phone îËÆæ’h-
†o-üÁ-´®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ ÅúÕÍí
question. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰, Who's (Who is) this
please?. (á´-®ΩçúŒ phone îËÆæ’h-†oC? –
´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Åúø-í∫ôç.)
What can I do for you? (àç 鬢√L O’èπ◊?– ÅE
´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Åúø-í∫ôç.)
Conversation III. ´’†ç phone îËÆæ’h†o ´uéÀh
é¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’®Ó ´uéÀh á´-®ΩØ√o phone áAhûË,
Å°æ¤púÕ™« Åçö«ç. I'd (I would) like to speak to
Mr.Syam. ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬, Could you get
Mr.Syam on the line, please? (¨»u熒 °œ©’-
•©-£‘«-†çí¬ Öçúø-ôç-´©x †úø-´-™‰úø’.
c) Being a leader, he should not talk like
that = Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-úÕí¬ ÖçúÕ Å™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’
Çߪ’†.
ii) Being elected president of AICC =
president of AICC
í¬ -á-†’oéÓ-´-úøç-´©x/
áEo-Èéj-†ç-ü¿’-´©x.
؈’ on being elected ... = áEo-éπ-´-
ôç-ûÓØË. ÉD D†®Ωnç. On being
elected president of AICC, she
drove to her AICC office =
President í¬ áEo-éπ-´-í¬ØË, Ç¢Á’
office
ûª† èπ◊ ¢ÁRxçC.
O’ sentence ™-E pleasureful ÅØË ´÷ô -
¢√-úø’éπ-™ ™‰ü¿’. •£æ›¨¡ O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊-
†oC, We were happy about her being
elected president of AICC. (Ç¢Á’ áEo-éπ-
´ôç ´÷èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç éπ-L-Tç-*çC) É™«çöÀ
Å®ΩnçûÓ on being ®√ü¿’.
iii) being painted- ÉC be + past participle -
passive form.
The walls are being painted-
íÓúø©’
®Ωçí∫’-¢Ë-ߪ’-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®· É°æ¤púø’.
Being painted the walls are shining=
®Ωçí∫’ ¢Ëߪ’-•-úø-ôç-´©x íÓúø©’ ¢Á’®Ω’-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.
Å®·ûË, painting °æ‹®Ωh-®·ûË,
having been painted the walls are shin-
ing = paint îËߪ’-úøç-ûÓ, íÓúø©’ ¢Á’®Ω’-Ææ’h-
-v°æ-¨¡o: 1. He should have gone to the suresh
Ø√o®·.
marriage.
2. He would have gone to the suresh
marriage.
3. He might have gone to the suresh
marriage.
4. He may have gone to the suresh
marriage.
°j ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

(èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË. O’®Ω÷ èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË éπü∆?)
Amar: OK. Thanks. What can I do for you?
(èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË. îÁ°æpçúÕ. ؈’ O’Íéç îËߪ’-í∫-©†’?)
Anil: I want to see you about some of our
products. Can you give me an appoint-
ment to meet you?
(´÷ ûªßª÷K (Öûªpûª’h) ©†’ í∫’Jç* N’´’tLo
éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E ÖçC. N’´’tLo á°æ¤púø’,
áéπ\úø éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†oC îÁ-•’-û√®√?)
Appointment = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç ÖüÓuí∫ Eߪ÷-
´’éπç. Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x– á´-J-ØÁjØ√ éπ©’-
Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, Å™« éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†-
éÀîËa Æ洒ߪ’ç, v°æü˨¡ç.
a) "I have an appointment with the CM today."
´·êu-´’ç-vAE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† à®√p-ô’çC Ø√éÃ-®ÓV.
"When is the appointment?"
(à癉ü¿’. ؈’ phone î˨»-†F, ®√í¬ØË Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒh®√?/line É≤ƒh®√?)
phone îËߪ’-´’E îÁ°æpçúÕ, î√©’.) ™„jØÓx Öçö«®√? ™„jØÓx ÖçúøçúÕ = Please hold on.
Prasanna: Oh, sure.
Please be on the line - ÆæÈ®j† English é¬ü¿’.
Praful: Thank you.
Can you put me through to your Manager
Marketing? / Can you connect me to Manager
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
Marketing? - can could
Phone îËߪ’-ôç™ formal calling èπÿ, informal
Ééπ\úø èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ Éçé¬
áèπ◊\´ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Öçô’çC.
calling èπÿ ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. ´’†ç Ææyûªçvûªç BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-
Prasanna (conversation IV): He is not in.
¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ îËÊÆ informal call èπÿ, ´’†ç î√™« íı®Ω-´çí¬, Have you any message to be passed on to
Åçûª ÆæEo-£œ«-ûª’©’ é¬E-¢√-JéÀ îËÊÆ formal calls èπÿ him? (Phone Åçü¿’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† ´uéÀh ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, Çߪ’-
î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. àüË-´’-®·Ø√, Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çûÓ †-Íé-´’-®·Ø√ îÁ°æp-´’ç-ö«®√? ÅE ÅúÕÍí Nüµ¿ç ÉC.
Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ î√™« ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ ´’J-éÌEo ¢√é¬u©’.
Ææp≠ædçí¬, (íÌù’-í∫’úø÷, Ææù’í∫’úø÷ ™‰èπ◊çú≈) îÁ§ƒp-©-†’- a) Have you any message for him?
èπ◊-†oC Å´-ûªL ¢√∞¡xéπ®Ωn-´’-ßË’u™« îÁ°æp-í∫-©-í¬L. Phone b) Could I take a message?
™ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ´’† íÌçûª’™ ´’† ¶µ«´ç Ææ’p¥Jç- (O’ ´®Ωh-´÷†ç à´’Ø√o Öçü∆ Çߪ’-†èπ◊?)
îË-ô’xç-ú≈L. DEéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô B®Ω÷, ´÷ô©’ c) Would you like to leave a message?
(ᙫ °æ©-éπ-Jç-î√L ™«çöÀN) É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç. – ÉC î√™« formal.
-ï-¢√-•’:
– îªçü¿†, E®Ωt™¸
1) He should have gone to suresh's marriage
(The suresh marriage
ņç éπü∆) = Ç Â°R}éÀ
¢Á∞«x-LqçC, é¬E ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’. (NCµí¬ îËߪ÷-LqçC –
îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’).
2) He would have gone to Suresh's marriage
=
Ç Â°RxéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úË-¢√úË é¬F ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’.
3) He might have gone to Suresh's marriage
= Ç Â°RxéÀ ¢Á∞«xúË¢Á÷. (¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úÌa, ¢Á∞¡x-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-
úÌa – ÆæçüË£æ«ç)
4) He may have gone to Suresh's marriage
(¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úÌa °RxéÀ– ¢Á∞«x-úø-†-ö«-EéÀ Å´-鬨¡ç
áèπ◊\´ – Might have gone Åçûª ÆæçüË£æ«ç
é¬ü¿’. See also spoken English lessons
138, 139 and 140.)
- M. SURESAN
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 28 -ï-†-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

III. Govinda: Hello, who is it? Sorry I am Raghav: Wait (please). Don't
unable to hear you. There is too hangup yet. I have a
much of noise around here. lot more to tell you.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 265 Could you be a little louder?

I. Brinda: Hello, this is Brinda speaking. May
I know who you are please.
(£æ«™, •%çü¿ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.
O’È®-´®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?)
Mukta: Hi Brinda, you are speaking to Mukta.
What a surprise! How are things
going?
(ã •%çü∆! †’´¤y ´·éπhûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-
Ø√o´¤/ ؈’ ´·éπh†’. áçûª Ǩ¡a®Ωuç! ᙫ
ÖØ√o´¤?)
Brinda: You haven't been phoning either.
phone
(†’´‹y îËߪ’-õ‰x-ü¿’í¬!)
Mukta: The fault is on both sides. But why this
call now; all so suddenly?
(Éü¿lJD ûª°æ¤pç-C™‰. Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ É°æ¤púŒ
phone áçü¿’-éÓÆæç?)
(£æ«™, á´-®ΩçúŒ? O’®Ω’ îÁÊ°pC NE-°œç-
îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’. Ééπ\úø î√™« íÌúø-´í¬ ÖçC.
O’®Ω’ é¬Ææh Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√®√?)
Gopal: I can see that. I will call you back
in ten minutes.
Ranjan: I'm sorry. I haven't the time right now
(؈®ΩnçîËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©†’. ´’®Ó °æC
EN’≥ƒ™x O’èπ◊ ´’Sx phone îË≤ƒh†’.)
IV. Srinath: Hello, who is it, please? Oh,
Raghav: Look, Revathi, Ranjan has hung up in
Mr.Srinivas. I am driving. Could
you call me a little later?
(Hello,
á´-®ΩçúŒ. XE-¢√Æˇ. ØËE-°æ¤púø’
drive phone
îËÆæ’hØ√o. é¬Ææh -ûª®√y-ûª
Revathi: That's very rude of him. When he
îË≤ƒh®√?)
Srinivas: OK. I will.
Srinath: I'll call you back/ get back to you
myself after I get off from the
vehicle.
(O’èπ◊ ØË-ØË phone îË≤ƒh†’, •çúÕ Cí¬_ØË.)
Srinivas: It's OK.
(Çí∫’/ Çí∫çúÕ. Å°æ¤púË
phone °õ‰d-ߪ’èπ◊. ؈’
Éçé¬ î√™« îÁ§ƒpLq
ÖçC).
to listen to you. -v°æ-¨¡o:
time i)
(É°æ¤púø’ †’´¤y îÁÊ°pC NØËçûª ™‰ü¿’ äéπ ´uéÀhE °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ç
Ø√èπ◊. Sorry) ´uéÀh How do you do? Åçõ‰ ´’†
response ᙫ Öçú≈L?
the middle of the conversation.
ii) °æJ-îªßª’ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ nice to meet you
(or) nice meeting you, glad to meet
(îª÷úø’ Í®´B, -Ø√ ´÷ô© ´’üµ¿u-™ØË
phone °õ‰d-¨»úø’ Ranjan.)
you Åçõ‰ ´’† response ᙫ
nice to meet you
makes a call he never ends it. He
Öçú≈L? ´’†ç èπÿú≈
too
goes on talking for hours on end.
ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ àN-üµ¿çí¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L?
(Åûª-†™« îËߪ’ôç î√™« Å´’-®√u-ü¿éπ®Ωç. ÉçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ Éçé¬ àN-üµ¿ç-í¬-ØÁjØ√ °æJ-
Åûª†’ phone îËÊÆh á°æp-öÀéà °õ‰d-ߪ’úø’. îªßª’ç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´î√a?
í∫çô© ûª®Ω-•úÕ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√úø’.) iii) ÉçTx≠ˇ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ Å™«Íí American
Phone Ææ綵«-≠æù ´·Tç-îªôç = end a call. Accent éÓÆæç à¢Á’iØ√ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.
iv) Idioms & Phrases èπ◊ àüÁjØ√ •’é˙

Who is it, please?

Brinda: Today is a holiday and I remembered
you. I thought I'd just say hello to you.
(Ñ ®ÓV ÂÆ©´¤, †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-î√a´¤.
àüÓ °æ©-éπ-J-ü∆l-´’E phone î˨»)
Mukta: That's very good of you.
II. Ravali: This is Ravali speaking. Is it
Consolidated Real Estates Ltd.,
please?
Consolidated Real Estate
(ÉC
Company
- ßË’-Ø√?)
Rasagna: Yes, it is. What's it please?
Ravali: May I have some detailed informa-
tion about the plots and flats you
are selling?
(
-O’®Ω-´·t-ûª’-†o plots, flats †’ í∫’Jç-*†
N´-®Ω-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç É´y-í∫-©®√?)
Rasagna: With pleasure, of course. But it is
not a matter to be talked of over
phone. Could you make it to our
office any working day between 10
and 5?
(ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬. Å®·ûË phone ™ îªJaç-îª-
í∫-L-T† *†o ´u´-£æ…®Ωç é¬ü¿’ í∫ü∆? O’®Ω’
à working day Å®·Ø√, 10 †’ç* 5
™°æ© ´÷ office èπ◊ ®√í∫-©®√?
Ravali: Your office is too far off for me and
I am very busy as working days.
(O’ office Ø√èπ◊ î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç.
Working days ™ Ø√èπ◊ BJ-èπ◊ç-úøü¿’.)
Rasagna: That's all right. Just let's know
where you live and give us a time
when you are available. One of our
marketing people will visit you and
give you the details, Mrs.Ravali. By
the by is this your phone number?
can we call this to contact you?
(àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. O’È®-éπ\-úø’ç-ö«®Ó à
time ™ ®Ω´’tç-ö«®Ó îÁ°æpçúÕ. ´÷ mar-
keting Æœ•sç-C™ á´®Ó äéπ®Ω’ O’
ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ´≤ƒh®Ω’. ÅEo N´-®√©÷ É≤ƒh®Ω’
®Ω´R. -Å-CÆæÍ®. ÉC O’ phone number
éπü∆? Ñ number ûÓ O’èπ◊ phone
Öçü∆? ™‰ü∆ à dictionary ¶«í∫’ç-
ô’çC?
v) By the way E topic ´÷®Ωa-ú≈-EéÀ ᙫ
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?
– á. ®Ω-´’-ù«-éπ-®˝-®√V, ë«Ø√°æ‹®˝
Ñ lesson ™-E È®çúø’ conversations ™ èπÿ-ú≈ -´÷-öÀ-´÷-öÀéÃphone ¢Á÷í∫’ûª÷ Öçúøôç =
¢Á·ü¿ô ´÷ö«x-úÕ†-¢√∞Ïx ûª´’ Ê°®Ω’, N´-®√©÷ îÁ°æpôç Ringing off the hook.
í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. a) The phone in the press office has been ring-
äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ Å´-ûªL¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁÊ°pC ´’†èπ◊ à 鬮Ωùç ´©x- ing off the hook for more information about
®·Ø√ ÆæJí¬ NE-°œç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿-†’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡x†’ the ministers' involvement in the scam.
´’Sx îÁ°æp-´’-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË polite expression.
Ç èπ◊綵º-éÓ-ùç™ Ç ´’çvûª’© §ƒvûª í∫’Jç* Ææ´÷-
a) Who is it, please? Once again. î√®Ωç éÓÆæç, °ævAéπ Ç°∂‘-Ææ’™ phone -´÷-öÀ-´÷-öÀéà -ï-¢√-•’:
(á´-®ΩçúÕ? ´’Sx îÁ°æpçúÕ) ¢Á÷í∫’-ûª÷ØË ÖçC.
b) Pardon (éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ). Phone Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™ ØË i) ´’† response èπÿú≈, Fine, thank you;
b) The hospital phone has been ringing off the
How do you do? ÅØÁjØ√ í¬F, simple í¬
é¬èπ◊çú≈ Å´-ûªL-¢√∞¡x ´÷ô©’ ´’†èπ◊ ÆæJí¬ N†-°æ- hook with offers of blood donation to save
úø-éπ-§ÚûË Ñ ´÷ô (pardon) Åçö«-´’E ´’†™ How do you do? ÅØÁjØ√ í¬F Öçú≈L.
the baby's life.
î√™« ´’çCéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ÉC éÌç-îÁç formal í¬ ii) Glad to meet you too/ nice to meet you
Å®·ûË Beg your pardon Åçö«ç. Ç Gúøf v§ƒùç 鬧ƒ-úøôç éÓÆæç, ®Ωéπh-ü∆†ç ÉîËa too O’®Ω-†oô’x.
c) I'm sorry. I'm unable to hear you. Could you
¢√J Phone ©’ -´÷-öÀ-´÷-öÀéà ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.
It's great pleasure meeting you, etc.
be a little clearer?
ÉO phone conversation èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†
´’JéÌEo expressions. (¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ spoken English lesson
(O’®Ω’ îÁÊ°pC Ø√èπ◊ NE-°œç-îªôç ™‰ü¿’. é¬Ææh
EXERCISE
îª÷úøçúÕ)
iii) English ØË®Ω’a-éÓ--´ö«-EéÀ best method-
ÉçéÌç-îÁç Ææp≠ædçí¬ îÁ•’-û√®√?)
d) Could you repeat yourself please? Look at the following sentence:
1) Reading as much English as possi-
I couldn't hear you/ catch you. Smoking is bad for health (Smoking Ç®Ó-í¬u-EéÀ
ble- newspapers, books (starting from
îÁúø’).We can use 'To smoke' instead of the
small books and going on to big nov-
(O’®Ω’ ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ îÁ•’-û√®√? O’®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC ؈’
'smoking' in the sentence above. The meaning
els), 2) Listening constantly to English
N†-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.)
does not change.
´’†ç Car, two wheeler ™«çöÀN drive îËÆæ÷h news telecasts, 3) watching English
cell phone ™ ´÷ö«x-úø-™‰-éπ-§ÚûË Å°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË To smoke is bad for health (= smoking is bad
for health.) movies for American accents.
expressions.
market CDs
Write as many sentences as you can, in which
a) Sorry I am driving. Could you call me a little
ÉçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈ ™ î√™«
leading book shops
the '.... ing' form can be changed into the infini-
later?/ I will call you back some time later.
ÖØ√o®·– ™.
tive (like, 'to smoke') iv) Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary
(؈’ drive îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. é¬ÊÆ-§ƒT phone
îË≤ƒh®√?/ ؈’ O’èπ◊ phone îË≤ƒh†’.) eg: Walking is good for health = To walk is good of current English.
É´Fo èπÿú≈ conversations 3 and 4 ™ for health. v) by the by = by the way (used to change
É™« 'ing' form •ü¿’©’ infinitive ¢√úÕ O’èπ◊ the topic).
-v°æ-¨¡o:
ÖØ√o®· éπü∆.
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ phone ™ disturbances ´©x ´’†ç O©-®·-†Eo sentences ´÷ö«x-úøçúÕ.
i) What is the passive voice of
N†-™‰-éπ-§ÚûË ÅØË ´÷ô©’.
a) Sorry. Your voice isn't clear. Could you
please be clearer?
-v°æ-¨¡o: i) Tony, Sony and Rony go to a hotel. / "Why don't you keep him offered."
an hotel. Can we write as: Why doesn't he be
àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.
(O’ íÌçûª’/ ´÷ô©’ ÆæJí¬ NE-°œç-îª-úøç-™‰ü¿’. é¬Ææh
Ææp≠ædçí¬ îÁ•’-û√®√?) ii) I am having a one rupee note kept offered by you.
b) I hear some noises over the line/ The line ÅE Lifco Dictionary ™ ÖçC. ii) Can we say "I have a pen" as I am hav-
isn't clear/ your voice isn't clear. Could you Having possession
†’ ™ ¢√úø- ing a pen.
disconnect and call/ try again?
-ï-¢√-•’:
èπÿ-úøü¿’ éπü∆-! N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. –- G. v°æ¶µº’-ü∆Æˇ, éπKç-†-í∫®˝
(Line Åçû√ íÌúø-´í¬ ÖçC. phone °õ‰dÆœ ´’Sx
– >. ¨¡çéπ®˝, Í騡-´-°æôoç
phone îËߪ’çúÕ/ v°æߪ’-Aoç-îªçúÕ.)
disconnect = ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆. phone °õ‰d-ߪ’ôç.
-ï-¢√--•’: i) Why don't you keep him offered?

îËßÁ·î√a?)
Ravali: Yea. That's the number. I am always
available on the number.
(Å´¤†’. ÅüË Ø√ number. Ç
™ ØËØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Öçö«†’.)
Rasagna: Thank you.
i) A hotel correct.
phone °õ‰d-ߪ’ôç/ phone ™ ´÷ö«x-úøôç ÇÊ°-
ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ÉçéÓ ´÷ô, hang up (disconnect).
ii)
Ranjan: Is that all or have you any thing more
number
to say? I am in a hurry.
(ÅçûËØ√, ÉçÍé-´’Ø√o îÁ§ƒpLq Öçü∆? ؈’
ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL)
Ñ sentence èπ◊ -Å®Ωnç -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ôç -™‰-ü¿’.
An hotel - old usage -
Å®·ûË DEéÀ passive form: Why is he not
É°æpöÀ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ûª°æ¤p.
(isn't he) kept offered by you?
éπL-T Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ am having/ is hav-
ii) I have a pen - correct.
ing/ are having, correct English usage ™
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. I have a one rupee note, correct.
- M. SURESAN
-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 30 -ï-†-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

´’†ç Ñ≤ƒJ Spoken English ™ ¶µ«í∫-¢Á’i-† ô’ç-C- éπü∆.

Public speaking (v°æÆæç-í¬-©’)- í∫’-Jç-* ûÁ©’-Ææ’- a) I/ We welcome you all

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù b) I/ We extend a warm

266
Good evening everybody. On behalf of the
students, staff and management of
Suvidya College, this is Ramachandra wel-
coming you all to this evening's function,
the 23rd annual day celebrations of the
College.
(Åçü¿-Jéà ¨¡Ÿ¶µº ≤ƒßª’çvûªç. Ææ’N-ü¿u éπ∞«-¨»©
¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq´ç Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬, éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©’, Åüµ∆u-
°æ-èπ◊-©’, ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç ûª®Ω-°∂椆 ؈’ ®√´’-îªçvü¿
N’´’tLo Ñ ¢Ëúø’-éπèπ◊ Ç£æ…y-E-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.)
The programme will be starting in a short
time from now. May I request all the invi-
tees to be seated so that we can begin the
function.
(ÑØ√öÀ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç ´’J-éÌCl ÊÆ°æöx v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç-é¬-
†’-çC. 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷Eo v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬
èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç.
ÉC éπ∞«-¨»© ¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq-¢√Eo í∫’-Jç-* Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’-©èπ◊
°æJ-îªßª’ç îËÊÆ v°æÆæçí∫ç ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË ÖçC
éπü∆. Åçõ‰ ÉC event †’ compere îËߪ’ôç
(event = É¢Áçö¸ = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç Ææç°∂æ’-ô†.
Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™, àüÁjØ√ ¢ËCéπ -O’-ü¿ ïJÍí †%ûªu,
Ø√ôu, Ø√ô-éπ v°æü¿-®Ωz-†-™«xçöÀN èπÿú≈ events)
Compere (é¬ç°œßª’ – '鬗 ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç) =
äéπ Æ涵º-™/- Ææ-´÷-¢Ë-¨¡ç-™/- N-ØÓü¿ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷-™x/-
¢Ë-Céπ O’ü¿ à v°æü¿-®Ωz†™ØÁjØ√ v°æü¿-®Ωz-èπ◊-©†’, éπ∞«-é¬-
®Ω’-©†’, 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷Eo vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-©èπ◊ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÆæ÷h
N´-JçîË¢√®Ω’/-Å™« N´-Jç-îªôç.
TV show ™ compere †’ anchor/ host/
hostess ÅE èπÿú≈ -Å-†-úøç O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË
Öçö«®Ω’.
Compere èπ◊ ÉçéÓ ´÷ô master of cere-
monies Å®·ûË Ñ ´÷ô abbreviation MC
(EMCEE) ÅØËC áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’, °æ‹Jh-
welcome to you all
c) A warm/very welcome to
all the invitees
d) We take pleasure in welcoming you all
e) It's our privilege to have you all here.
v°æ-¨¡o:
i) I saw 'a saw is sawing a saw' and such a
f) Welcome to you all from RamaChandra
saw I never saw. Ñ ¢√é¬u-®√nEo ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
(Compere/ EMCEE)
ii) He was late. He missed the school bus.
g) Welcoming you all is Ramachandra, on
behalf of... Ñ ¢√é¬uEo È®çúø’ Nüµ∆-©’í¬ ®√ÊÆh–
a. If he was late, He would miss the school
h) your presence here is our pleasure.
bus.
É™« ´’† Ü£æ…-¨¡-éÀhéÀ °æü¿’-†’-°-úÕûË áEo Nüµ∆©’
b. If he wasn't late, He wouldn't miss the
í¬ØÁjØ√ ≤ƒyí∫-Aç-îª-´îª’a.
school bus.
äéπ\õ‰ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L; Public speaking
iii a. He died in 1919
á°æ¤púø’ formal í¬ØË Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE Åçü¿-Jéà )
b. He was died in 1919.
Ç£æ…xü¿ç éπL-Tç* á´-JF ØÌ°œpç-îª-èπ◊çú≈
ñ«ví∫ûªh©’ -BÆæ’éÓ-¢√-L. È®çúø÷ ÆæÈ®j-†-¢ËØ√?
ÉO éÌEo Ææ÷îª-†©’. ´’J-éÌEo Ææ÷îª-†©’ ´îËa iv a. The Examinations will conduct soon.
)
b. The Examinations will be conducted
soon.

your presence here is our pleasure.. v)

Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’-©-†ç-ü¿-J-F ÇÆ‘-†’©’ éπ´’tE éÓ®Ω’-
ûª’Ø√oç)
Dear friends, we are celebrating, as you all
know, the 23rd anniversary of the college.
I find it a pleasure to let you know the order
of events that you are going to witness this
evening.
(N’vûª’-™«®√, O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ´’†ç ´’† éπ∞«-¨»©
23´ ¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq´ç -E®Ωy-£œ«ç-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. O’®Ω’
îª÷úø-¶-ûª’†o 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ -Å稻©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.)
We start this evenings proceedings with
welcoming the guests on to the dias. The
celebrations will begin with a prayer by the
college prayer group then follows the wel-
come address by the President of the col-
lege students' society. The next will be the
presentation of garlands and bouquets to
the guests of the evening and others. We
will then listen to a brief report by the Prin-
cipal of the college's activities and progress
during the year. We will then have Prof
Narayana introducing the Chief Guest, the
renowned scientist, Prof Bhoutik. What fol-
lows then is the highlights of the evening's
programme, the Chief Guest's message.
(ÑØ√öÀ -Å-A-ü∑¿’-©-†’ ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-ôçûÓ
ØËöÀ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷Eo v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. 23´ ¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq´
¢Ëúø’-éπ©’ éπ∞«-¨»© v§ƒ®Ωl¥Ø√•%çü¿ç í¬†ç-ûÓ
v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç Å´¤-û√®·. Ç ûª®√yûª éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆uJn
Ææç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-úÕ ≤ƒyí∫-ûÓ-°æ-Ø√uÆæç Öçô’çC.
ûª®√yA Åç¨¡ç ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿ Ö†o-¢√-JéÀ °æ¤≠æp-´÷-©-
©’, í∫’î√a¥© Ææ´’-®Ωp-ù. (Bouquet - •’Íé – °æ¤≠æp-
í∫’îªa ¥ç.) Ç ûª®√yA Å稡ç, principal E¢Ë-C-éπ –
Ñ Nü∆u Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç (Academic year) éπ∞«-¨»©
v°æí∫-AE, 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ© í∫’-Jç-* principal E¢Ë-Céπ.
ûª®√yA Å稡ç Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç 鬮Ωu-véπ-´’ç™
´·ë«u-éπ-®Ω{ù. (High light = ´·ë«u-éπ-®Ω{ù).
However, then there will be a vote of
thanks proposed by the secretary of the
college students' union, Vidyalankaar after
all this, we are going to be treated to a vari-
ety entertainment programme by the stu-
dents of our college.
(Ç ûª®√yûª Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ç 鬮Ωu-ü¿Jz Nü∆u©ç鬮˝
´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù Öçô’çC. Ç ûª®√yûª NNüµ¿
≤ƒçÆæ \%-Aéπ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷©’ – ´’† éπ∞«-¨»©
Nü∆u-®Ω’n© v°æü¿-®Ωz† Öçô’çC. (Treat = Nçü¿’)
°j È®çúÕçöÀ™ àC ûª°æ¤p.
a. ؈’ °æKéπ~ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úø-ØÁj-AE(E†o).
b. ¢√®Ω’ ††’o °æKéπ~ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úÕE -îË-¨»®Ω’(E†o).
vi) Brough around - Bring around Ñ phrase
E N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
´÷ô Master of Ceremonies éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈.
lesson
– °œ. üµ¿†’ç-ï-ߪ’-®√´¤, -Xé¬ π◊-∞¡ç.
´’†ç °j† îªC-Nç-ü¿çû√ èπÿú≈ programme ™
i) äéπ ®Ω秃Eo éÓÊÆ ÉçéÓ ®Ω秃Eo îª÷¨»†’.
compere îËÊÆ N-üµ∆-†ç – ´’Sx í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ– Exercise: Practise aloud as many sen-
tences of welcome (General
Å--™«ç-öÀ ®Ω秃Eo ØËØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’. saw èπ◊†o
Compere Åçõ‰ v°æü¿-®Ωz-†èπ◊ ¢√uë«uûª ÅØË Å®Ωn¢Ë’- È®çúø’ Å®√l¥-©ûÓ (îª÷-¨»-†’/ -®Ωç°æç. sawing =
é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√uë«u-Eç-îªôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. Welcome) with the help of other
welcome sentences given in the
®Ωç°æçûÓ éÓߪ’ôç) ’-û√\-®Ωçí¬ ®√Æœ† ¢√éπuç.
´’†èπ◊ éÌçîÁç Çûªt N¨»yÆæç ÖçúÕ, ´÷ö«xúøí∫L-TûË lesson. ii) He was late. He missed the school bus. -
´’†´‚ compere Ŵa. compere îËߪ’- rewrite as directed
Åçõ‰ ÇüË-Pç-*† Nüµ¿çí¬
´îª’a. Åçõ‰ EMCEE îËߪ’-´îª’a. Åçõ‰ anchor clear
®√ߪ’çúÕ, ÅE. Å®·ûË Çü˨¡ç àN’-ô-ØËC í¬
í¬ ã programme †’ host îËߪ’-´îª’a. ÉC ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬ éπ©°æ´îª’a.
public speaking spoken English ™ î√™«
a) As/ because/ since he was late, he missed
the school bus.
´·êu--¢Á’i-† Å稡ç.
É°æ¤púø’ Ñ college anniversary compere
b) If he had been late, he wouldn't (would not)
îËߪ’ôç ᙫ ÖçüÓ îª÷ü∆lç. Ñ compere, v°æ-¨¡o: To + be form í∫’Jç* N´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰- have missed the school bus.
Ramachandra éπü∆. Ééπ\úø Ramachandra,
ߪ’çúÕ.- O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ†,If he was late, he would miss
College anniversary Celebrations v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº- 1.To be take ( let form verb)
the school bus - ÆæÈ®j† ¢√éπuç é¬ü¿’.
´’ßË’u ´·çü¿’ Ç celebrations èπ◊ ´*a† ¢√∞¡x- 2. To be taken (p.p.)
If he were late, he would miss the
†’-üËl-Pç* îÁ°œp† ´÷ô©’. Celebrations 3. To be Interesting (ing form)
school bus - late
D†®Ωnç, Åûª-úø’ Å´ôç Åçô÷
4. May be taken
v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-ö«-EéÀ Éçé¬Ææh ´u´Cµ Ö†oç-ü¿’†,
late
ïJ-TûË (Åûª-úø’ Å´-™‰ü¿’/ Å´úø’ ÅE ¶µ«´ç)
ïØ√-©èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’ °æ¤ôd-èπ◊çú≈ Åçô’†o ´÷ô-LN. 5. Can be taken
school bus miss miss
Å´¤-û√úø’ ( Å´-™‰ü¿’ ÅE
1. v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç: Good evening, everybody. 6. To be grateful
¶µ«´ç)
2. compere Æ‘y-ߪ’°æ-J-îªßª’ç – ÉC î√™« ´’çC
– Èé.Å-§ƒp-®√´¤, Nï-ߪ’-†-í∫®Ωç If he wasn't late, he wouldn't miss..... – ÉC
NÆæt-J-Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’. 'á´®Ω’, á´-JC?— ÅE vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ ï-¢√-•’: To be Åçõ‰ Öçúøôç- èπÿú≈ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. D†®Ωnç Åçûª
ņ’-éÓéπ ´·çüË ¢√JéÀ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-úøç ´’ç*C.
To be+past participle, infinitive ÆæJí¬ ®√ü¿’.
3. ´*a† ¢√J-†ç-ü¿-J-F Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªôç – DØËo (to take, to see, etc) passive
èπ◊ iii) He died in 1919 correct.
welcoming the gathering Åçö«ç.
form. He was died in 1919,
Gathering = äéπ event èπ◊ ´îËa Ç£æ›ûª’©’.
i) To be take (to be+1st Regular doing wrong. Die, verb
Ñ èπ◊
´·êuçí¬ Ééπ\úø í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç.
word) object ™‰ü¿’. 鬕öÀd ü∆E
á´®Ω’ v°æü¿-®Ωz† E®Ωy-£œ«-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ó Ç N´®√-©’
English was (be form)
èπÿú≈ ûÁ©°æ-úøç – ¢√J ûª®Ω-°∂椆 éπü∆ compere ™ áéπ\ú≈ ¢√úøç. ´·çü¿’
Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’©-†’ -Ç£æ…y-Eç-îËC. ii) To be taken ÅØËC, to take èπ◊ passive ®√ü¿’.
voice. To be taken èπ◊ Å®Ωnç BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x-•- iv) The exams will conduct
4. Programme v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«-EéÀ ´u´Cµ ÖçC.
úø-ö«-E-éÃ/- B-Ææ’Èé∞¡x-•-úøôç ÅE. soon =
´*a† ¢√∞¡Ÿx NÆæ’í∫’ îÁçü¿-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷úøôç
a) He wants to be taken to a doctor.
compere NCµ. é¬-•-öÀd ¢√∞¡x†’ ´÷ô-©-ûÓ °æK-éπ~©’ E®Ωy-£œ«-≤ƒh®· ÅE.
(Åûª-úø’ doctor ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x-•-úø-´’E
engage îËߪ÷L. Åçü¿’-éπØË Ééπ\úø com- °æK-éπ~©’ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-•-úø-
pere, Ç ®ÓV ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûª’†o 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷ç-¨»-©- éÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oúø’.) û√®·. Å™« ņ-ú≈-EéÀ
b) To be taken in a bus all the way is correct sentence, The
††’ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’°æ®Ω-îª-ôç-ûÓ Ç ´u´Cµ ¶µºKh
exams will be conduct-
not safe.
îËߪ’ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. (ÇØ√öÀ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç
ed.
éπ®Ω-°æ-vûªç™ programme line up Öçô’çC Åçûª ü¿÷®Ω´‚ bus™ BÆæ’Èé∞¡x-•-úøôç
(
èπÿú≈) Íé~´’ç-é¬ü¿’.)(Å®·ûË, '•úøôç— ûÁ©’-í∫’™ v) I passed the exam yesterday.
*´-JéÀ É™« ´·Tç-îª-´îª’a. Dear friends, your î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’) They passed me in the exam yesterday.
patience for a few minutes, before we iii) To be interesting - to be = Öçúøôç; inter- vi) bring around - ü∆JéÀ ûË´ôç – á´-È®j-Ø√
begin. esting = ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬. To be interesting =
¢Á·çúÕ-ÍéÆœ, ´uA-Í®éπ üµÓ®Ω-ùÀ™ Öçõ‰ ¢√JE ´’†
(¢Ë’ç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ éÌCl EN’-≥ƒ©’ °æôd-´îª’a. ÇÆæéÀh éπ®Ωçí¬ Öçúø-ôç/-Ç-Ææ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊. ü∆JéÀ ûË´ôç – DEéÀ past tense, brought
O’®Ω’ ã®Ω’pûÓ Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç.) iv) May be taken = BÆæ’Èé∞¡x-•-úø-´îª’a. around. 'Brough around' English é¬ü¿’.
í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lq† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’: v) can be taken = BÆæ’Èé∞¡x-•-úø-í∫-©-ü¿’/-í∫-©-úø’/-í∫-©-®Ω’/-
1) Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªôç á°æ¤púø÷ äÍ陫 é¬èπ◊çú≈ wel- ´îª’a
coming ™ èπÿú≈ Variety îª÷°œÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç- vi) To be grateful = éπ%ûª-ïc-ûªûÓ Öçúøôç
- M. SURESAN