-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 4 -¢Ë’ 2008
Sisir: The Government had ordered a probe
into the collapse of a part of the dam
under construction, said spokesperson of
the public works department.
(E®√t-ùç™ Ö†o dam ¶µ«í∫ç èπÿL-§Ú-´-úøç°j
v°æ¶µº’ûªyç Nî√-®Ωùèπ◊ ÇüË-Pç-*ç-ü¿E v°æñ«-°æ-†’©
¨»ê v°æA-ECµ äéπ®Ω’ ûÁL-§ƒ®Ω’.)
Karim: Is anything new about it in our country?
This isn't first of such incidents either.
Obviously it's a lack of quality in con-
struction.
(ÉüËç °ü¿l éÌûªh-é¬ü¿’ éπü∆ ´’† ü˨¡ç™? English news head lines, reporting ™ ¢√úË
É™«çöÀ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†™x ÉüËç ¢Á·ü¿-öÀD é¬ü¿’. expressions í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆. Ñ≤ƒJ
E®√t-ùç™ Ø√ùuûª ™°æç ÅE Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁ©’- ´’J-éÌEoçöÀE îª÷ü∆lç.
Look at the following sentences from the
≤ÚhçC.)
obviously= Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-Æ œ-§Ú-´úøç dialogue above.
Sisir: The opposition has flayed the govern-
ment, the officials and the contractors for
the mishap.
(N°æéπ~ç v°æ¶µº’-û√yEo, ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωx†’, contractor
©†’ Bv´çí¬ N´’-Jzç-*çC.)
Karim: What are the casualties?
(áçü¿®Ω’ ´’®Ω-ùÀç-î√®Ω’? áçü¿-JéÀ í¬ßª÷-©-
ߪ÷u®·?)
Sisir: According to unconfirmed reports, 8 dead
and a good num-
ber rendered
We must addr ess ourselves
homeless, says
this paper.
(vüµ¿’´°æ-úøE Ææ´÷-
î√®Ωç v°æ鬮Ωç, îªE-
§Ú-®·-†-¢√®Ω’ 8 ´’çC é¬í¬, î√™«-´’çC E®√-v¨¡-
ߪ·-©-ߪ÷u®Ω’.)
Karim: Let me read the rest. Official sources,
however, put the number of dead at 2,
and those homeless at 32. The Govt has
announced Rs 5 lakh ex-gratia for the
families of the dead and total rehabilita-
tion for the homeless.
(N’í∫-û√C, ؈’ îªü¿’-´¤-û√†’. ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω-´-®√_©’
îªE-§Ú-®·çC Éü¿l-®ΩE, E®√-v¨¡-ߪ·©’ 32 ´’çü¿E
ÅçîªØ√ ¢ËÆæ’h-Ø√o®·. v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ´’%ûª’© èπ◊ô’ç-
¶«-©èπ◊ ®Ω÷.5 ©éπ~©’, E®√-v¨¡-ߪ·©èπ◊ °æ‹Jh °æ¤†-
®√-¢√Ææç v°æéπ-öÀç-*çC.)
homeless = E®√-v¨¡-ߪ·©’.
exgratia = Ö*ûª Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç.
put the number = Ææçêuí¬ í∫’Jhç-îªúøç/ ÅçîªØ√
¢Ëߪ’úøç.
Sisir: Addressing a media conference, the
chief minister has announced a probe
and assured that all those guilty will be
punished.
(O’úÕߪ÷ Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨¡ç™ ´·êu-´’çvA v°æÆæç-
TÆæ÷h, Nî√-®Ωùèπ◊ ÇüË-Pç-îª-úø¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ üÓ≠æfl-
©ç-ü¿Ko PéÀ~-≤ƒh-´’E £æ…O’ Éî√a®Ω’.)
guilty= üÓ≠æfl-™„j†
assure= £æ…O’ É´yúøç
Q. 1. What are the difference of words say
and tell.
2. What are the difference of words com-
plain- complaint. Please explain with
examples.
- B. Bhaskar, Nandyal
A.
1. Please refer to spoken English lesson
No 66.
2. 'Complain' is a verb. 'Complaint' is a noun.
When we are not happy about something, we complain
about it.
a) When something is stolen we complain
(°∂œ®√uü¿’ îË≤ƒhç)
to the police
b) The police will register our complaint (°∂œ®√uü¿’).
We complain= we make a complaint.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Karim: But you know public memory is short.
They soon forget all about it and raise
hell only when another such incident
takes place.
(ûÁLÆœçüËí¬ v°æï© ñ«c°æ-éπ-¨¡éÀh î√™« ûªèπ◊\´/
¢√∞Ïx-ü¿-®·Ø√ ûªy®Ωí¬ ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-û√®Ω’. ´’Sx
É™«çöÀ °∂æ’ô† ÉçéÓöÀ ïJ-TûË Å°æ¤púø’ ´’Sx
íÌúø´ îË≤ƒh®Ω’.)
raise hell= íÌúø´ îËߪ’úøç.
Sisir: That's true.
☯ ☯ ☯ ☯ ☯
We must address ourselves to the problem of
3) Casualties = äéπ ü¿’®Ω`-ô-†™ í¬ßª’-°æ-úøf-¢√∞¡Ÿx,
pollution =
¢√û√-´-®Ωù 鬩’≠æuç Ææ´’-Ææu†’ ´’†¢Ë’
´’®Ω-ùÀç-*-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
a) The casualties following the landslide are
Ç™-*ç* °æJ-≠æ \-Jç--éÓ-¢√L.
The Chief Minister's speech did not address
very high = éÌçúø îªJߪ’ èπÿ©-úøç-´©x ´’®Ω-ùÀç-*-
the basic problems=
´·êu-´’çvA v°æÆæçí∫ç
†-¢√∞¡Ÿx, í¬ßª’-°æ-úøf¢√∞¡Ÿx áèπ◊\¢Ë.
1) The government had ordered a probe into ...
´’¯Léπ Ææ´’-Ææu© °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç í∫’Jç* àO’ ûË©a-™‰ü¿’. b) Fortunately there were no casualties in the
(Ñ ´‚úÓ Å®Ωnç é¬Ææh §ƒçúÕûªuç. Spoken building collapse in Ameerpet =
2) The opposition has flayed the government. ÅO’-®˝-
English ™ ¢√úøç. ü∆E •ü¿’©’ deal with
3) What are the casualties? Ê°ô™ ¶µº´†ç èπÿ©-úøç™ (èπÿL† °∂æ’ô-†™)
4) According to unconfirmed reports 8 dead and Åçö«ç). Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª’h ´’%ûª’©’, éπ~ûª-í¬-vûª’©’ á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’.
a good number rendered homeless. 1) Probe = enquiry = Nî√-®Ωù. ÉC èπÿú≈ English 4) Unconfirmed reports = vüµ¿’´-°æ-úøE ¢√®Ωh©
news papers ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ éπE-°œçîË ´÷ô. àüÁjØ√ v°æ鬮Ωç ÅE. (ÉC newspapers ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ éπE-°œçîË
ü¿’®Ω`-ô†/ èπ◊綵º-éÓùç/ Åvéπ-´÷©’ ïJ-í¬-ߪ’ØË °∂œ®√u- ´÷ô. Åçõ‰ Åçûªí¬ Çüµ∆-®√-™‰xE ¢√®Ωh© v°æ鬮Ωç ÅE.)
ü¿’©’ ´ÊÆh Åçü¿’-™E Eñ«©’ E®√l¥-Jç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊, ¶«üµ¿’u- a) According to unconfirmed reports reaching
here, the chinese have moved their forces
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
©†’ í∫’Jhç* PéÀ~ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ îËÊÆ Nî√-®Ωù (enquiry)/ closer to the border than before =
454 ü¿®√u°æ¤h. Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ´Ææ’h†o vüµ¿’´°æ-úøE ¢√®Ωh© v°æ鬮Ωç– îÁjØ√ •©-
í¬©’ ÆæJ-£æ«-ü¿’lèπ◊ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·ç-
ü¿’-éπçõ‰ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ´î√a®·.
DEéÀ ´uA-Í®éπç official
sources = ÅCµ-é¬-Jéπ ´®√_©’.
Åçõ‰ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ÅCµ-é¬-J-éπçí¬
ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰ÊÆ/ •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫-°æ-®ΩîË
5) Official sources, however, put the number of a) Committee to probe
Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç v°æ鬮Ωç.
dead ... reliable sources = †´’t-ü¿-T† ´®√_©’.
into the diversion of
6) The govt has announced an ex-gratia pay- (reliable = †´’t-ü¿-T†. source = ¢√®Ωh-©†’ ûÁLÊ°
Rs 2 per kilo rice=
ment of Rs 5 lakh. ´‚©ç – Ééπ\úø ´®√_©’.)
7) Addressing a media conference the CM has
È®çúø’ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© éÀ™
assured ...
Gߪ’uç Åvéπ´’ EXERCISE
¢Á·ü¿ô no.7 îª÷ü∆lç. ®Ω¢√ù«/ ûª®Ω-Lç°æ¤ Practise aloud the following in English.
í∫’Jç* ü¿®√u°æ¤h îËÊÆç- 1) Å¢Á’-J-é¬ûÓ Åù’ ä°æpç-ü∆Eo êçúÕç-*† CPM.
7) Addressing a media conference ... M.SURESAN
ü¿’èπ◊ éπN’öÃ. (flay/ condemn ¢√úøçúÕ)
Address-
b) A thorough probe will reveal several irreg-
DEéÀ ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – *®Ω’-Ø√´÷. é¬F
°jsentence ™ Å®Ωnç, äéπ-J-†’-üËl-Pç* v°æÆæç-Tç- ularities in all govt departments= èπ~◊ùo-¢Á’i†
2) ÅÂÆçHx, éıEq-™¸†’ ÖüËlPç* v°æÆæç-Tç-îª-†’†o í∫´-®Ωo®˝.
îªúøç.Address Åçõ‰ v°æÆæçí∫ç/ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç ÅE 3) ®Ω÷úµÕ-é¬E ¢√®Ωh© v°æ鬮Ωç ´’%ûª’© Ææçêu 12.
ü¿®√u°æ¤h v°æA v°æ¶µº’ûªy ¨»ê-™E î√™« Åvéπ-´÷-©†’ 4) BC hostel ™ N≥ƒ-£æ…®Ωç ´úøf† N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ü¿®√u-
èπÿú≈. ¢Á©xúÕ îËÆæ’hçC.
a) At the beginning of every session of the
°æ¤hèπ◊ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ÇüË-Pç-*çC.
reveal= ¢Á©x-úÕç-îªúøç/ ûÁ©-°æúøç.
Parliament, the President addresses a
5) Ç ¢√®ΩhLçé¬ vüµ¿’´°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’.
2) Flay = ÅÆæ©’ Å®Ωnç Ωtç ´©-´úøç, é¬F Ééπ\úÕ ANSWER
joint session of the Lok Sabha and Rajya
Å®Ωnç (English °ævA-éπ™x ¢√úËC)– EP-ûªçí¬ N´’-Jzç- 1) CPM flays/ condemns/ denounces Indo -
Sabha =
American nuclear deal.
§ƒ®Ωx-¢Á’çö¸ v°æA Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç v§ƒ®Ωç- îªúøç, ü¿’ߪ’u-•-ôdúøç.
President,
¶µºç™ ™é˙-Æ涵º, ®√ïu-Æ涵º Ææçߪ·éπh a) All the opposition parties flayed the gov- 2) Governor to address the assembly and the
ernment for the poor maintenance of BC council.
Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»-†’o-üËl-Pç* v°æÆæç-T-≤ƒh®Ω’.
b) In his address to the students the chief hostels = BC hostels E®Ωy-£æ«ù B®Ω’°j N°æ-é¬~ - 3) The death toll/ The number of dead is 12,
guest advised them to be industrious = ©Fo v°æ¶µº’-û√yEo ü¿’ߪ’u-•ö«d®·. according to unconfirmed reports.
4) Government orders probe into food poison-
Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©-†’-üËl-Pç* îËÆœ† v°æÆæç-í∫ç™, ¢√∞¡x†’ b) The CPM has flayed the government over
ing incident in BC hostel.
¶«í¬ éπ%≠œ îËߪ÷-Lqç-Cí¬ ´·êu ÅAC∑ Ææ©£æ… its delay in compensation to the displaced
5) The news has not been confirmed/ The
Éî√a®Ω’. = E®√y-Æœ-ûª’©èπ◊ É¢√yLq† †≠æd-°æ-J-£æ…®Ωç™ ñ«°æuç news is yet to be confirmed/ There is no
Address Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC (°j Ææçü¿- CPM
í∫’Jç* v°æ¶µº’-û√yEo ü¿’ߪ’u-•-öÀdçC. confirmation of the news.
®Ωs¥ç™ é¬ü¿’). àüÁjØ√ äéπ °æJ-Æœn-AE, Ææ´’-Ææu†’ displace= (project ©’, £œ«çÆæ-©ûÓ v°æï-©†’) (Toll =
´÷´‚-©’í¬ ´’†ç-ü¿-JéÀ ûÁL-Æœ† Å®Ωnç– ¢√£æ«-
í∫’Jç* Ç™-*ç* ü∆Eo ᙫ °æJ-≠æ \-Jç-îª-í∫-©¢Á÷ E®√y-Æœ-ûª’-©†’ îËߪ’úøç. Death
Ø√-©èπ◊ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ´Ææ÷-©’-îËÊÆ ®Ω£æ«-ü∆J °æ†’o.
ûË©aúøç. flay= condemn (êçúÕç-îªúøç)/ denounce toll -
Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç ã ü¿’®Ω`-ô-†™ ´’%ûª’© Ææçêu.)
Q. 1) 'I' plural ÅE Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? You ÅØËC singu- 3) Damn it Damn =
™ (üË´¤úø’) §ƒ°æ¤-©†’ †®Ω-é¬-EéÀ °æç°æúøç.
lar or plural? Students èπ◊ ᙫ ¶Cµç-î√L? Damn it, ¨»°æ-Ø√®Ωnç/ Aô’dí¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’, ûÁ©’-í∫’™, ü¿’ç°æ-ûÁí∫/ °‘úø,
Damn it, my plans are all upset =
2) What do they do? DE Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? ¢√éπuç™ È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x do ņoô’x. , Ø√ °æü∑¿-é¬-©Fo
ûª©-éÀç-ü¿’-©-ߪ÷u®·.
Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?
3) ú≈N’ö¸, £æ…uö«q°∂ˇ °æü∆©’ ᙫ ÇN-®Ωs¥-Nç-î√®·? OöÀ Å®Ωnç Hats off = ¢Á’a-èπ◊çô÷ ÅØË ´÷ô/ ñ£æ…®Ω’x.
à-N’öÀ? Hats off to the way Tendulkar batted= Tendulkar bat îËÆ œ†
4) Deluxe ÅØË °æü∆-EéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Nüµ∆-EéÀ ñ£æ…®Ω’x.
- G. Ashok, Godhur Western countries ™ á´-J-ØÁjØ√ ¢Á’a-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, ûª© O’ü¿’†o
A. 1) I á°æ¤púø÷ singular éπü∆. Plural ᙫ Å´¤-ûª’çC? (I = ؈’– hat BÆœ, îËûÓh Ü°æ¤-û√®Ω’.
äéπ-JØË ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC– 鬕öÀd á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ singular.) Hats off = (ö°‘©’) BÆœ Ü°æúøç. Åçü¿’-´©x hats off Åçö«ç.
4) Deluxe= Luxurious = N™«-Ææ-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†.
2) What do they do? = ¢√∞Ïxç îË≤ƒh®Ω’ (´÷´‚-©’í¬). What do
they do after class?= Class ûª®√yûª ¢√∞Ïxç îË≤ƒh®Ω’? (®ÓW). (Oxford dictionary îª÷úøçúÕ. ÉC French †’ç* English ™éÀ
Éçü¿’™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ do, helping verb. È®çúÓ do, main verb. ´*a† ´÷ô.)
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 13 -¢Ë’ 2008
Rashid: What happened to the reservoir scam?
(Ç reservoir èπ◊綵º-éÓùç à¢Á’içC?)
Bhagat: The minister has strongly denied that
he or any member of his family had any
hand in it.
(ûª†-èπ◊-í¬F, ûª† èπ◊ô’ç• Æ涵º’u™x á´-J-éÀ-í¬F
Åçü¿’™ v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç ™‰ü¿E ´’çvA í∫öÀdí¬
Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’.)
Rashid: The leader of the opposition has lashed
out at the minister's role in the allot-
ment of contracts or in the execution of
the works.
(contracts Íéö«-®·çîË N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ °æ†’©
E®Ωy-£æ«ù™ ™§ƒ©èπ◊, N°æéπ~ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úø’
´’çvAE Bv´çí¬ N´’-Jzç-î√úø’.)
Bhagat: The party has also passed a resolution
condemning the government inaction
at the rising prices and the inflation.
(°®Ω’-í∫’ûª’†o üµ¿®Ω© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç
Ωu BÆæ’-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´-ú≈Eo, vü¿¢Óu-©s-ù«Eo
êçúÕÆæ÷h Ç §ƒKd B®√t†ç îËÆœçC.)
Rashid: All this is all right. That is normal in a
democracy. But the way the leaders are
trading abuses at one another, and call-
ing one another
names is really
politicians mostly ar e dishonest
regrettable.
(Åü¿çû√ ¶«í¬ØË
ÖçC.N´’-®Ωz©’
v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’uç™
≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ù-¢Ë’. Å®·ûË Ç Ø√ߪ’èπ◊©’ äéπ-J-
ØÌ-éπ®Ω’ -ü¿÷≠œç-éÓ-´úøç, Aô’d-éÓ-´úøç Eïçí¬
í∫J|çîªü¿Tç-Cí¬ ÖçC.)
regrettable = *çAç-îªü¿T†
Bhagat: I fully agree with you. The public con-
duct of the leaders has hit an all time
low. Their abusive language makes us
wonder what kind of leaders we have
elected.
(†’´¤y ņoü∆çûÓ Øˆ’ àéöµºN-Ææ’h-Ø√o. ´’†
Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊© •£œ«-®Ωçí∫ v°æ´-®Ωh† á†oúø÷ ™‰†çûª
ûªèπ◊\´ ≤ƒn®·éÀ Cí∫-ñ«-JçC. ¢√∞¡x Aô’x, ¶µ«≠æ
îª÷Ææ’hçõ‰ -ᙫçöÀ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-©†’ ´’†ç ᆒo-
èπ◊-Ø√o´÷ ÅØË Ç™ ´Ææ’hçC.)
public conduct = v°æï© ´’üµ¿u™ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’
äéπJ v°æ´-®Ωh†
hit = (Ééπ\úø) û√éπúøç/ ûªí∫-©úøç.
All-time low = á†oúø÷ ™‰†çûª ûªèπ◊\´.
All-time high = á†oúø÷ ™‰†çûª áèπ◊\´.
The prices of essential commodities have
hit an all time high =
Eû√u-´-Ææ®Ω ´Ææ’h-´¤© üµ¿®Ω©’
á†oúø÷ ™‰†çûª áèπ◊\´í¬ ÖØ√o®·. Ñ expres-
sion O’ conversation ™ ¢√úøçúÕ.
Rashid: That's true. What do you think of the
elections in Karnataka.
(Eï¢Ë’. éπ®√g-ôéπ -á-Eoéπ-© N≠æߪ’ç
à´’ç-ö«´¤?)
Bhagat: They have passed off peacefully says
this paper.
(ÅN v°æ¨»çûªçí¬ ïJ-T-§Úߪ÷ߪ’E
Ê°®Ì\ç-öçC Ñ paper.)
pass off = ïJ-T-§Ú-´úøç
Q. 1. ' ؈’ Xé¬çû˝ áéπ\-úø’-
Ø√oúÓ ÅE Ç™-*ç-î√†’——
ÅE îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ I thought
that where Srikanth
was? (wh clause + s +
v)
Å-ØÌî√a?
2. Infact èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç
ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’.
3. Wh ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-©ßË’u clause ©™ wh + s + v,
wh + v + s Ö†oõ‰x how ûÓ á™«íÓ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
You called me a few days back (O’®Ω’ éÌCl
®ÓV© éÀçü¿ô Ø√èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ î˨»®Ω’) – ÆæÈ®j-†-üËØ√?
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Rashid: No incidents of violence or any such
thing?
(£œ«ç≤ƒ-ߪ·ûª Ææç°∂æ’-ô†™«xçöÀ¢Ëç ™‰´¤
éπü∆?)
Bhagat: None. The voter turn out is 60%. Not so
bad, after all.
60%
(ãô’ îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ ´*a-†-¢√J Ææçêu
Åçûª ûªèπ◊\¢Ëç é¬ü¿’, à¢Á’iØ√.)
after all = à¢Á’iØ√
Rashid: It's only in states like Bihar that we
come across rigging, booth capturing
and general violence.
rig-
(H£æ…®˝ ™«çöÀ ®√≥ƒZ™x ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´’†ç
ging, polling booth © Çvéπ-´’ù, üˆ®Ω†b uç
îª÷≤ƒhç.)
rig = Åvéπ´’´÷®Ω_ç™ áEo-éπ© °∂æL-û√©’ v°æ¶µ«-Nûªç
îËߪ’-úøç (-Éç-ü¿’™ üˆ®Ω†b uç Öçúøü¿’. ãô®Ωx†’
úø•’s-™«çöÀ ¢√öÀûÓ v°æ¶µ«-Nûªç îËߪ’úøç ´÷vûª¢Ë’.
DE-éÀçéÓ´÷ô fixing = cricket matches ™™«.)
Bhagat: Politicians
often dismiss
as baseless
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
such allega-
tions in news
papers.
(®√ï-éÃߪ’ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊©’ °ævA-éπ™x
´îËa Å™«çöÀ Ç®Ó-°æù©†’ E®√-
üµ∆-®Ω-´’E ûÓÆœ-°æ¤-a-û√®Ω’.)
Rashid: That's no surprize.
Politicians mostly are dis-
honest.
(ÅüËç Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-éπ®Ωç é¬ü¿’.
áèπ◊\´´’çC ®√ïéÃߪ’Ø√-ߪ’- M.SURESAN
èπ◊©’ Eñ«--ߪ’B ™‰E-¢√∞Ïx.)
(í∫´’-Eéπ: Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™E Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’, Ñ Lash out = EP-ûªçí¬ N´’-Jzç-îªúøç. (ÅÆæ©’ Å®Ωnç
§ƒ®∏Ωç éÓÆæç éπLpç-*-†¢Ë. ¢√Ææh-¢√-EéÀ §ÚLéπ Íé´©ç éÌ®Ωú≈, éπv®Ω-™«çöÀ ¢√öÀûÓ ¶«í¬ üÁ•s-ûª-T™‰ Nüµ¿çí¬,
é¬éπ-û√-S-ߪ’¢Ë’)
Newspapers ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢√úË expressions
í∫’-Jç-* îªJa-Ææ’h-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆? ´’J-éÌEo Ééπ\úø îª÷ü∆lç. whip lash= éÌ®Ωú≈ üÁ•s.
1) The minister has strongly denied that he or
any member of his family had any hand in it.
2) The leader of the opposition has lashed out at
the minister's role in the allotment of con-
tracts...
3) The party has also passed a resolution con-
demning the govt's inaction
4) The way the leaders are trading abuses, and
calling one another names...
5) They have passed of peacefully says the
paper
6) The voter turm out is 60%
7) Politicians often dismisses newspaper reports
as baseless allegations.
1) The Minister has strongly denied.
deny =
Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç, é¬ü¿-†úøç – ؈™« ņ-™‰ü¿’/ Ç
´÷ô ؈’ ņ™‰ü¿’ ņúøç (Éûª®Ω Å®√n©’ – á´-J-Èéj-
Ø√ àüÁjØ√ É´y-éπ-§Ú-´úøç.
4. ' ؈’ Ñ áí¬b-¢˛’™ é¬yL°∂j Å¢√y-©çõ‰ áEo
´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L—— ÅE Åúø-í∫-ú≈-EéÀ– How
many marks will I be got in this exam to
qualify Å-ØÌî√a?
5. ¶«uö¸q--´’Ø˛ ¶«í¬ Çúø’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ – He starts to
hit the ball Å-ØÌî√a?
- -V.Sekhar, Hyderabad
A. 1) I thought where Srikanth was correct. A
clause with a 'wh' word (what, where, etc)
doesn't have 'that' before the 'wh' word.
He knows why she is here. (Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\-úÁç-
'wh'
ü¿’-èπ◊çüÓ Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ééπ\úø ´’†ç
word ´·çü¿’ that ¢√úøç.)
2
He denied me the permission to go home -
Belt shops Eߪ’ç-vûª-ù™ v°æ¶µº’ûªy ¢Áj°∂æ-™«uEo
ÉçöÀ-Èé-∞Ïxç-ü¿’èπ◊, Ø√é¬-ߪ’† ņ’-´’A É´y-™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç Åçü¿®Ωç êçúÕ≤ƒhç.
deny Ééπ\úø = refuse
b) The BJP has condemned the Indo-
a) The minister denied that he made such a American nuclear deal =
remark about Gandhi =
¶µ«®Ωû˝ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ Åù’ ä°æpç-ü∆Eo BJP êçúÕç-*çC.
í¬çDµE í∫’Jç* ûª†’ Å™«çöÀ ¢√uêu îËߪ’-™‰-ü¿E Pass a resolution B®√t-Ø√Eo Ç¢Á÷-Cç-îªúøç/
´’çvA ÅØ√o®Ω’. B®√t-Eç-îªúøç.
b) The M.L.A. has a) The conference passed a resolution con-
denied that he has demning the action of the terrorists =
made insulting
õ„v®Ω-J-Ææ’d© Ωu-©†’ êçúÕÆæ÷h, Ç Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç äéπ
remarks about any
455 caste
B®√t-Ø√Eo Ç¢Á÷-Cç-*çC.
= b) The party unanimously passed a resolu-
tion/ resolved unani-
mously to support the
govt's policy =
v°æ¶µº’ûªy Nüµ∆-Ø√Eo Ææ´’-
JnÆæ÷h Ç party àéπ-vU-´çí¬
B®√t-Eç-*çC.
unanimously= àéπ-vU-´çí¬
à èπ◊™«Eo í∫’Jç* Å´-´÷-†-éπ®Ω ¢√u-êu©’ 4) Trading abuses and calling names =
îËߪ’-™‰-ü¿E MLA ÅØ√o®Ω’.
c) He has denied all the words that
Aô’d-éÓ-´úøç/ äéπ-J-ØÌ-éπ®Ω’ ü¿÷≠œç-éÓ-´úøç.
a) The leaders traded abuses at each other =
have been reported in the media =
Media ™ ´*a† ¢√®Ωh©’ ûª†’ ņ-™‰- äéπ-®Ìo-éπ®Ω’ Aô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’
abuse=
ü¿E Çߪ’† ÅØ√oúø’. Aôdúøç (•÷ûª’©’ ¢√úøôç)
calling names = fool, rogue ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’
2. The leader of the opposition has
lashed out at the minister's
¢√úøôç
b) He called me names, but I kept quiet =
role...
††’o Ø√Ø√-´÷-ô©’ ÅØ√oúø’, ØËØËO’ ņ-™‰ü¿’.
5) Pass off peacefully = v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ ïJ-T-§Ú-´úøç
a) The discussions passed off peacefully =
•©çí¬ éÌôdúøç/ ¶«ü¿úøç.)
whip = éÌ®Ωú≈ Ωa©’ v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ ïJ-í¬®·.
b) We expect the polls to pass off peacefully=
Gulf countries ™ ØË®Ω-Ææ’h-©èπ◊ whip lashes Péπ~í¬ áEo-éπ©’ v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√-ߪ’ØË ÇP-Ææ’hØ√oç.
6) The voter turnout = ãô’ -¢ËÊÆ ¢√J Ææçêu.
NCµ-≤ƒh®Ω’.
a) Rain lashed the state the whole of yester- a) The voter turnout was rather poor =
day = ãô’ ¢ËÆœ† ¢√J Ææçêu é¬Ææh ûªèπ◊\¢Ë.
E†oçû√ ´®Ω{ç ®√≥ƒZEo üÁ•s-B-ÆœçC/ èπ◊C-Ê°-ÆœçC. b) We have yet to know the percentage of
b) The CPM lashed out the govt's move to member turnout =
declare a number of areas as SEZs =
Æ涵º’u© £æ…ï®Ω’ Ææçêu ¨»ûªç Éçé¬ ûÁL-ߪ÷Lq
v°æûËuéπ ÇJnéπ ´’çúø-∞¡Ÿxí¬ î√™« v°æüË-¨»-©†’ ÖçC.
v°æ¶µº’ûªyç v°æéπ-öÀç-îª-ú≈Eo CPM ü¿’ߪ’u-•-öÀdçC. 7) Baseless allegations = E®√-üµ∆-®Ω-¢Á’i† Ç®Ó-°æ-ù©’
éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ flay †’ ÉüË Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úøôç a) The allegations were proved baseless =
îª÷¨»ç. Ç®Ó-°æ-ù©’ E®√-üµ∆-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-Ní¬ ûË™«®·.
3) Condemn - ÉC èπÿú≈ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ lash, flay ™«çöÀ b) Whatever the media report, politicians dis-
´÷ô. üˆo-®·Ø√ êçúÕç-îªúøç, N´’-Jzç-îªúøç miss them as baseless =
a) All of us condemn the inability of the govt's
O’úÕߪ÷ à´’Ø√o ®√ïéÃߪ’ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊©’ ¢√öÀE
failure to check the belt shops = E®√-üµ∆-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-Ní¬ ûÓÊÆ-≤ƒh®Ω’.
2) Infact = truly/Eñ«-ߪ’A. Å®·ûË, DEo ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω- What is your name? - What (wh
Éçü¿’™
ùçí¬, Å™«é¬éπ-§Úí¬ ÅØË Å®Ωnç (´uA-Í®-éπçí¬) word) + is (v) + your name? (s)
´îËaô’x ¢√úøû√ç. You called me a few days ago (a few days
Eg: I wasn't late. Infact I was there earlier back - wrong)
than all others = ØËØËç Ç©-Ææuç-é¬ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ 4) How many marks should I/ have I to get in
Åçü¿-J-éπçõ‰ ´·çüË ØË-†-éπ\-úø’-Ø√o†’. the exam to qualify? áEo ´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁa-éÓ-
He is not short. In fact he is taller than any ¢√L Åçõ‰ shall/ must/ have to/ has to get
of us = ÅûªúËç §ÒöÀd-é¬ü¿’. Ç ´÷ô-éÌÊÆh Åûªúø’ ÅØ√L éπü∆? will I get? Åçõ‰ ´≤ƒh®· ÅE Å®Ωnç,
´’†ç-ü¿-J-éπçõ‰ §Òúø’í∫’. (Eñ«-EéÀ Åûªúø’ ´’†ç-ü¿- ®√¢√L ÅE é¬ü¿’. Will I be got - wrong
ÉC
J-éπçõ‰ §Òúø’í∫’) form of the verb (will I get ÅØ√L– é¬E Ééπ\-úøC
3) I know how he got the book - How he got ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’)
the book - 'wh' clause How (wh) +
5)
Ñ ™ -Å-ØÌ-a.
he (s) + got (v)
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 15 -¢Ë’ 2008
Devnath: The Speaker of the Assembly appealed
to the opposition to let the proceedings
of the House go on calmly.
(ÅÂÆçHx Ωa©’ v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ ≤ƒí∫-E-¢√y-©E
Speaker v°æA-°æ-é¬~ -©èπ◊ Nïc°œh î˨»®Ω’.)
Srinath: But the opposition continued their
protests and slogan shouting. The
Speaker adjourned the house for an hour.
(é¬F v°æA-°æ-é¬~ ©’ ûª´’ E®Ω-Ææ-†-©†’, EØ√-ü∆-
L--´y-ú≈Eo é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-î√®Ω’. Speaker Æ涵º†’
í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ ¢√®·-ü∆- ¢Ë-¨»®Ω’.)
°j¢√öÀ™ x î√™« expressions assembly éÀ
Devnath: The plea of some of the leaders for a
Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†N. Assembly Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»©’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o
higher outlay in the budget for the
Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™, English newspapers ™ °j ´÷ô©’
welfare of the backward classes was
NJ-Ní¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hç-ö«®·.
accepted by all.
1) The Speaker ... appealed: Appeal = Nïc°œh
(¢Á†’-éπ-•-úÕ-†-´-®√_© ÆæçÍé~´’ç éÓÆæç •úÁ-bö¸™ îËߪ’úøç.
´’J-éÌçûª áèπ◊\´ Íéö«-®·ç-î√-©†o éÌçü¿®Ω’
Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊© Nïc-°œhE Åçü¿®Ω÷ ÅçU-éπ-Jç-î√®Ω’.)
Srinath: The founder of the new party has
called for the rooting out of corruption
in politics. He has called for the end of
dynastic rule.
(éÌûªh §ƒKd Ææç≤ƒn-°æ-èπ◊úø’ ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x ÅN-F-
AE Ææ´‚-©çí¬
ûÌ©-Tç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊
The Speaker Adjour ned the House
°œ©’-°æ¤-E-î√a®Ω’.
¢√®Ω-Ææûªy §ƒ©†
Åçû√-EéÀ èπÿú≈
°œ©’-°æ¤-E-î√a®Ω’.)
Devnath: He has asserted that once his party is
voted to power, there will be true
democracy and the people will have
real power.
(ûª´’ §ƒKd ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωç™éÀ ´ÊÆh Eï-¢Á’i† v°æñ«-
≤ƒy´’uç Öçô’ç-ü¿E, v°æï-©Íé Eï-¢Á’i†
ÅCµé¬®Ωç Öçô’ç-ü¿E Çߪ’† ØÌéÀ\-îÁ-§ƒp®Ω’.)
Srinath: What do you say about the film hero
entering politics?
(ÆœE´÷ Ø√ߪ·-èπ◊úÕ ®√ï-éÃߪ’ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç í∫’Jç*
3) Nïc°œh/ Ŷµºu-®Ωn† ÅE appeal èπ◊ Ö†o Å®ΩnçûÓ
†’¢Ëy-´’ç-ö«´¤?)
Devnath: That's welcome, so long as the inten-
tions are good.
(ÖüËl-¨»©’ ´’ç*-¢ÁjûË ÅC ≤ƒyí∫-Aç-°æ-ü¿-TçüË?)
Srinath: Well, that's the news digest today.
Let's see if we get some late news on
the TV.
(ÑØ√öÀ ¢√®√h Ææçví∫£æ«ç ÅD. TV ™
à´’Ø√o û√ñ« ¢√®Ωh-™Ô-≤ƒh-ßË’¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç.)
Spoken English üµ∆®√-∞¡çí¬ ®√´-ú≈-EéÀ English
news paper reading î√™« Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC éπü∆. 2) The Speaker adjourned the House. ¢Á·ü¿ô
Å®·ûË éÌçûª Å©-¢√-õ„j-ûËØË é¬F English news- house îª÷ü∆lç. ´’†ç Ñ ´÷ôèπ◊ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË
paper™ ¶µ«≠æ Å®Ωnç é¬ü¿’. ÅC Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊,
English newspaper ™ áèπ◊\-´í¬ éπE-°œçîË ´’J-éÌEo
°æü∆©’, expressions É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç.
Look at the following sentences.
1) The Speaker of the Assembly appealed to the
opposition to let the proceedings of the House
go on calmly.
Q. 1) How many people have
you invited?
How many people did
you invite-
ûËú≈ à-N’öÀ?
2) Let me go Åçõ‰ ††’o ¢Á∞¡xF
ÅE Å®Ωnç éπü∆. Let Åçõ‰
ņ’-éÓ-´-úøç ÅØË ´’®Ó Å®Ωnç
ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Öçü∆?
3) He had been to Delhi Åçõ‰ Åûªúø’ úµÕMx ¢ÁRx
´î√aúø’ ÅE Å®Ωnç. Ñ ¢√éπuç past perfect con-
tinuous ™ ÖçCéπü∆. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Regarding
èπ◊ Å®Ωnç uses ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.
4) When are you leaving for Kashmir Åçõ‰
F¢Á-°æ¤púø’ é¬Qt-®˝èπ◊ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤ ÅE Å®Ωnç
éπü∆. F¢Á-°æ¤púø’ é¬Qt-®˝èπ◊ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Ó ÅE
ņ-ú≈-EéÀ When you are leaving for Kashmir
Å-ØÌî√a?
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
2) The Speaker adjourned the House.
3) The plea of some of the leaders for a higher
outlay in the budget for the welfare of the
backward classes...
4) The founder of the new party has called for
rooting out of corruption.
5) He has asserted that once his party come to
power...
6) Well, that's the news digest today.
7) Let us see if we get some late news on the
TV.
He denied any irregularities in his ministry =
Adjourn = äéπ EKgûª Æ洒ߪ’ç ´®Ωèπ◊ Æ涵«/
He asserted there were no irregularities.
court 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ-©†’ ÇÊ°-ߪ ’úøç (¢√®·ü∆
c) No one believed his assertion that he was
¢Ëߪ’úøç)
innocent =
The Speaker adjourned the house for 2 days
ûª†’ E®Ól≠œ ÅE Åûªúø’ í∫öÀdí¬
= ¨»Ææ† Æ涵«üµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’ È®çvúÓ-V-©-§ƒô’ Æ涵º†’ ÇÊ°-
ņúøç á´®Ω÷ †´’túøç ™‰ü¿’.
¨»®Ω’/ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ë¨»®Ω’. Assert = ØÌéÀ\-îÁ-°æpúøç, Assertion = ØÌéÀ\-îÁÊ°p
a) The leader appealed to the people to do
The Judge adjourned the case for a fort-
N≠æߪ’ç.
their bit to the progress of the country = 6) Newsdigest- digest (úÁjïÆˇd/ úÕïÆˇd) áèπ◊\´í¬ Ñ
night= ã
°æéπ~秃ô’
case †’
ü˨¡ v°æí∫-AéÀ ûª´’- Ø√uߪ ’ - ´ ‚Jh ´÷ô†’ @Jgç-éÓ´úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.
´çûª’ û√´· éπ%≠œ-îË- a) A child can't digest that kind of food = Ç
ߪ÷-©E, Ç Ø√ߪ’- ¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ë¨»®Ω’.
- Ç çí∫ x - ¶ µ « - ≠ æ - ù
Sine Die = E®Ω-´-Cµ- Gúøf Å™«çöÀ Ç£æ…-®√Eo @Jgç--éÓ-™‰ü¿’.
b) He is unable to digest the fact that his
456
èπ◊úø’ v°æï-©èπ◊ Nïc°œh éπç í¬, ´’S} à ûËD ÅE
î˨»úø’. ûÁL-Ê°ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊. dearest friend has cheated him = ûª† v§ƒù-
ÊÆo-£œ«-ûª’úø’ ûª††’ ¢Á÷Ææç
î˨»-úøØË Ææû√uEo Åûªúø’ @Jgç-
-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
Ñ lesson Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™
digest (Ééπ\úø pronuncia-
tion - úÁjïÆˇd ´÷vûª¢Ë’) èπ◊
Å®Ωnç, Ææçví∫£æ«ç/ ÆæçéÀ~°æhç.
b) We appeal to you to support us ¨»Ææ†-Ææ-¶µº© Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»-†ç-ûª®Ωç (Ææ´÷ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç/ report/ ví∫çü∑¿ç/ ¢√uÆæç/ ¢√®Ωh-™E
in our fight for justice = Ø√uߪ’ç -¢ Ë-¨»©’ ´·TÆœ† ûª®√yûª)...
´·ë«uç-¨»-©’çúË Ææçví∫£æ« ®Ω÷°æç/ ÆæçéÀ~°æh ®Ω÷°æç–
The House is adjourned Sine Die digest (famous magazines, Reader's Digest
éÓÆæç ´÷ §Ú®√-ôç™ O’ ´’ü¿l-ûª’èπ◊
Nïc°œh îËÆæ’hØ√oç/ Ŷµºu-Jn-Ææ’hØ√oç. (ÂÆj † -ú ø®‚/ ÂÆj†-úŒ-ߪ’¢˛’)– îªôd-Æ涵º E®Ω- ™E-´Fo èπÿú≈ íÌ°æp ®Ωîª-†© Ææçví∫£æ« ®Ω÷§ƒ™‰.)
Appeal Åçõ‰ Nïc°œh îËߪ’úøç ÅØË ´- C µ-éπ ç í¬ ¢√®·ü∆ °æúÕçC. Newsdigest- ¢√®√h Ææçví∫£æ«ç– Ææçví∫-£œ«ç-*†
é¬èπ◊çú≈ Nïc°œh ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. 4) To call for/ to give a call for = (´·ë«uç-¨»©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ÖçúÕ, ņ-´-Ææ®Ω N´-®√©’
c) His appeal fell on deaf ears = °œ © ’- ° œ-´ yúø ç/ v°æï-©†’ àüÁjØ√ °æEéÀ ™‰E) ¢√®Ωh©’.
M.SURESAN
ÅûªúÕ Nïc-°œhE á´®Ω÷ NE-°œç--éÓ-™‰ü¿’. °æ ¤J -í Ì-© púøç . Just post me with the latest newsdigest =
(To fall on deaf ears = NE-°œç--éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´úøç) a) The leader has called for united fight û√ñ« ¢√®Ωh© Ææçví∫-£æ…Eo ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Ø√éπç-Cç.
against anti democratic forces = Åv°æ-ñ«-
Post - Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç– ¢√®Ωh-©†’, N´-®√-©†’
ÉçéÓ-´÷ô, plea (°‘x). ≤ƒy- N’éπ ¨¡èπ◊h-©èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ âéπuçí¬ §Ú®√-ú≈-©E
ÅçCç-îªúøç.
Make a plea for = Nïc°œh îËߪ’úøç. Ø√ߪ ’-èπ◊úø’ °œ©’-°æ¤-E-î√aúø’.
a) This news paper is always upto date. It
The murdered girl's parents made a plea for b) The chief guest has given a call for a bet-
posts us with the latest in every field =
ter education system = ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj† Nü∆u-N-üµ∆-†ç-
Ñ
speedy detection of the guilty and punish-
¢√®√h °ævAéπ û√ñ«í¬ Öçô’çC. v°æA ®Ωçí∫ç-™E
ment = £æ«ûªuèπ◊ í∫’È®j† ¶«Léπ ûªLx-ûªç-vúø’©’ ûªy®Ωí¬ éÓÆæç ´·êu ÅAC∑ °œ©’-°æ¤-E-î√a®Ω’.
û√ñ« ¢√®Ωh-©†’ ´’†éπçC-Ææ’hçC.
üÓ≠æfl-©†’ °æô’d-éÓ-¢√-©E, PéÀ~ç-î√-©E Nïc°œh î˨»®Ω’. 5) Assert = àüÁjØ√ ü¿%úµøçí¬ ØÌéÀ\-îÁ-°æpúøç.
(Plea ņo-°æ¤púø’ Åçü¿’™ éÌçûª ÖüËyí∫ç b) He keeps the manager posted with all the
a) The minister asserted in the House that
happenings =
there were no irregularities in his ministry
ÅEo Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†© N´-®√©†’
Öçô’çC.)
manager
= ûª† ¨»ê™ ᙫçöÀ Åvéπ-´÷©÷ ™‰´E ´’çvA
Åûªúø’ èπ◊ ÅçCÆæ÷hØË Öçö«úø’.
7. Let us see if we get some late news ...
í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ•’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Å®Ωnç – É©’x . Å®·ûË , lesson Ææ çü¿-®Ωs ¥ç™ house = b) The accused asserted his innocence = Ç Late news, old news- ûËú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
ÅÂÆçHx (¨»Ææ-†-Æ涵º)/ ¨»Ææ-†-´’ç-úøL (legislative EçC-ûª’úø’ ûª† E®Ól-≠œ-û√yEo í∫öÀdí¬ ûÁ©’-°æ¤- late news = É°æ¤p-úÕ-°æ¤púË ÅçüË ¢√®Ωh©’.
council)/ Parliament - É™«çöÀ îªôd-Ææ-¶µº©’ àüÁjØ√ ûª’-Ø√oúø’. (ØË®√Eo ÅçU-éπ-Jçîªúø癉ü¿’) old news = §ƒûª (Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁL-Æ œ-§Ú-®·†) ¢√®Ωh©’.
鬴a. Lower House = Loksabha, Upper -èπ◊-´·çü¿’, deny Åçõ‰ ã N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ņoô’x
House = Rajyasabha. House Committee =
Éçûª late news ÅçCç-îªí∫LÍí °ævA-éπ©’, TV news
Assembly/ council/ parliament ™E Æ涵º’u-©ûÓ
ä°æ ¤p-é Ó-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. ü∆EéÀ channels áèπ◊\´ Çü¿-®Ωù §Òçü¿’-û√®·.
assert, ´uA-Í®éπç. îª÷úøçúÕ:
à®√p-õ„j† committee.
5) So far, obviously í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-J-ç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. 3) He went to Delhi = Delhi ¢Á∞«xúø’. (AJT ´î√aúÓ Obviously = clearly = î√™« Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬
6) ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ éÌúø’èπ◊ØÁj†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ؈’ í∫®Ωy-°æ-úø’-ûª’- Time
®√™‰üÓ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. He has
îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, Å®Ωn-´’ßË’u/ Ææp≠ædç.
Ø√o†’. Being, having been Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* gone to/ has left for Delhi, He went to Delhi He doesn't talk to me much. Obviously he
better. 'He went to Delhi yesterday' - doesn't like me =
éπçõ‰ ÉC
îÁ°æpí∫-©®Ω’. – V.Sekhar, Hyderabad OK.
Ø√ûÓ áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«x-úø-úø-ûªúø’.
A.1) How many people have you invited? = Åçõ‰ ؈çõ‰ Åûª-úÕéÀ É≠ædç ™‰ü¿-ØËC Ææp≠æd-¢Ë’í¬.
He had been to Delhi - Delhi
He suggested that we eat out. Obviously
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ áçûª´’çCE °œL-î√´¤? (°œ©-¢√-Lq-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢ÁRx AJT
´îËa-¨»úø’– È®çúø÷ í∫ûªç. there wasn't enough food for all of us =
Éçé¬ ÖØ√o®√? °œ©’°æ¤Lçé¬ Å®·-§Ú-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. I had been to my sister's place last week =
°œ©’-°æ¤-©èπ◊ v§ƒüµ∆†uç, °œL-*† time èπ◊ é¬ü¿’) í∫ûª-¢√®Ωç ؈’ ´÷ Åéπ\ߪ’u ¢√Rxç-öÀéÀ/ ÜJéÀ
£æ«Ùô™x Açü∆ç ÅØ√o-úø-ûªúø’. Åçõ‰ ü∆†®Ωnç/
How many people did you invite? = (¢Á·ûªhç) Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC éπü∆? Éçöx ´÷ Åçü¿-JéÀ
¢Á∞«x†’. Åéπ\-úÕoç* AJT ´îËa-¨»†’, 鬕öÀd had ÆæJ-§Ú-ßË’çûª ¶µï†ç ™‰ü¿E.
áçûª-´’ç-CE °œL-î√´¤? ÉC í∫ûªç™ äéπ Ææ´’-ߪ÷- been. Had been, past perfect, correct é¬F
usage v°æ鬮Ωç É™« Åçö«ç. 6) I am proud of being his son = Çߪ’† éÌúø’í¬_
EéÀ (Ç Æ洒ߪ’ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC)
4) ÅØÌa. Please tell me when you are leaving
°œ©’-°æ¤©’ Åߪ÷u®·. áçûª-´’ç-CE °œL-î√´¤ ÅE. Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ (éÌúø’-èπ◊-ØÁj-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊) ؈’ í∫®Ωy-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o–
2) Let Åçõ‰ ņ’-éÓ-´-úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. Let x be for Kashmir = †’´¤y é¬Qt®˝ á°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o¢Ó, É°æ¤púø’. Kumar is proud of having been his
equal to 100 (Let x = 100) Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç, x 100 Ø√ûÓ îÁ°æ¤p. son= Çߪ’† éÌúø’í¬_ ÖçúÕ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ (í∫ûªç™)
èπ◊ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ Öçü¿E. Å™« ÅØË •ü¿’©’ suppose 5) So far = É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊. So far I have not met him èπ◊´÷®˝ í∫Jy-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’– Çߪ’† (father) É°æ¤púø’
s = 100, Åçõ‰ ņ’éÓ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. = ØËE-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Åûª-úÕE éπ©-´-™‰ü¿’. •AéÀ™‰®Ω’.
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 20 -¢Ë’ 2008
Prachand: Cases had been booked against
erring gas distributors, said the
Director civil supplies authority.
(Åvéπ-´÷©èπ◊ äúÕí∫-úø’-ûª’†o gas °æç°œ-ùÃ-üΔ-
®Ω’© O’ü¿ case ©’ °ôdúøç ïJ-Tç-ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’
§˘®Ω Ææ®Ω-°∂æ-®√© ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’©’.)
erring = ûª°æ¤p îËÆæ’h†o;
error = ûª°æ¤p/ §Ò®Ω-¶«ô’
Prabhat: India boasts of making progress and
still we are starved for cooking gas.
What a pity!
(¶μ«®Ωû˝ àüÓ °æ¤®Ó-í∫-N’-≤Úhç-ü¿E íÌ°æp©’
îÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊çö«ç. Å®·ûË ´’†ç ´çô gas èπ◊
èπÿú≈ É•sçC °æúø’-ûª’Ø√oç. áçûª ü¿’®Ω-
ü¿%≠ædç.)
starve = AçúÕ ™‰éπ °æÆæ’hç-úøôç
starve of something = üËE-éπØ√o éÌ®Ωûª Öçúøôç
pity = ñ«L; Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-éæ π®Ωç.
It's a pity that he hasn't been selected= Åûªúø’
áç°œéπ é¬éπ-§Ú-´úøç ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-éæ π®Ωç/ Nî√-®Ω-éπ®Ωç
Prachand: India has definitely progressed, no
doubt, and is progressing. But the
reality is far short of the hype about
the progress.
the r eality is far shor t of the hype
(¶μ«®Ωû˝ ÅGμ-
´%Cl¥ ≤ƒCμç-
*çC, ≤ƒCμ-
≤ÚhçC èπÿú≈.
Å®·ûË üΔEo
í∫’Jç* v°æî√®Ωç
éπçõ‰ ¢√Ææh´ç î√™« ûªèπ◊\¢Ë.)
reality = ¢√Ææh´ç
far short of = î√™« ûªèπ◊\´
His marks are far short of his father's
expectations = marks
Åûªúø’ ûÁa-èπ◊†o ÅûªúÕ
ûªçvúÕ ÇPç-*† üΔE éπçõ‰ î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.
Prabhat: Look at this. The gallup poll on the
Karnataka elections predicts a clear
majority for the BJP, according to this
newspaper.
(ÉC îª÷úø’. éπ®√g-ôéπ áEo-éπ© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Prachand: Let's wait and see. (¢Ë* îª÷üΔlç.)
ïJ-T† gallup poll v°æ鬮Ωç, BJP éÀ Ææp≠æd- Prabhat: That's all we can do.
¢Á’i† ¢Á’ñ«-Jöà ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E Ñ °ævAéπ
éπü∑¿†ç.)
Poll Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπüΔ v°æñ«-Gμ-v§ƒßª’ç, ´·êuçí¬ °∂æ-®√-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç* ¢√úË °æü¿-ñ«-™«Eo É°æ¤púø’ éÌçûª
áèπ◊\´ v°æï© ¶μ«¢√Lo v°æA-Gç-Gç-îª-í∫© ã ´®Ω_ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çüΔç. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ report îËÊÆ NüμΔ†ç èπÿú≈
ÅGμ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷©’/ Å™«çöÀ ÅGμ-v§ƒ-ߪ’-ÊÆ-éπ-®Ωù.
The polls = áEo-éπ©’
Q. Åéπ-úø-N’é˙/ §ÚöÃ °æK-éπ~™x
Ö°æßÁ÷í∫°æúË éÀçC °æüΔ-©èπ◊
Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’.
analyse, contrast, describe,
comment, compare, illus-
trate, elucidate, enumerate,
trace, elaborate, discuss,
argue, differentiate,evalu-
ate, examine, assess, on what, in what, for
what, explain, bringout, point out, outline,
interpret, give an account, determine, char-
acterise, review, to what, substantiate, criti-
cally evaluate, summaries, categorise.
- K.P.V. Rao, Vizag
A.
Analyse = N¨Ïx-≠œç-îªúøç Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç
v°æA Å稻Eo èπ~◊ùoçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ´úøç/ N´-
Jç-îªúøç.
Contrast = È®çúÕç-öÀ-èπ◊†o ûËú≈©’ °æJ-Q-Lç-
îªúøç. X Compare = §ÚL-éπ©’ ûÁ-©’°æúøç;
Illustrate = ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ (≤ÚüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùçí¬)
ûÁ-©’°æúøç;
Describe= ´Jgç-îªúøç.
Elucidate = Explain = Elaborate = N´-Jç-
îªúøç/ ÆæN-´-®Ωçí¬/ ÆæN-Ææh-®Ωçí¬ ûÁ-©’°æúøç=
bringout.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
The nation is going to the polls next year =
´îËa Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ñ«A ¢Á·ûªhç áEo-éπ™x §ƒ™Ô_-†-
¶-ûÓçC.
Prachand: But the exit polls point to a neck and
neck race between BJP and BSP.
Not always do these polls prove to
be correct.
(Å®·ûË exit polls BJP, BSP ©èπ◊
üΔüΔ°æ¤ Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i† seats ®√´-îªaE
-ûÁ-©’°æ¤ûª’-Ø√o®·. Ñ ÅGμ-v§ƒßª’ ÊÆéπ-®Ω-ù©’
ÅEo Ææ´’-ߪ÷-™x†÷ ÆæJ-鬴¤.)
exit= -•-ߪ’-ôèπ◊ ®√-´-úøç Look at the following sentences from the dia-
logue above:
Ñ N°æ-ûª\®Ω °æJ-Æœnûª’™x ´’†´’çû√ -âéπuçí¬
Prabhat: Any way the congress is going to
have the worst of it all. 1) Cases had been booked against erring gas Öçú≈-©E v°æüμΔ-†-´’çvA ñ«AéÀ Nïc°œh î˨»®Ω’.
distributor, said the civil supplies authorities. crisis= N°æûª’h/ Ç°æü¿. (wÈéjÆ œÆˇ)– Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈
(àü¿-®·-ûËØËç congress ÅEoöx Åüμ¿´’ 2) But the reality is far short of the hype about í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ, appealed the prime minister ÅE
ÆœnA™ ÖçC.) the progress. ¢√éπuç *´®Ω, á´®Ω’ îÁ°œpçD ®√´úøç.
Prachand: The intelligence agencies have their 3) The gallup poll on the Karnataka elections 2) But the reality is far short of the hype
own estimate of the results. predict a clear majority for the BJP.
Reality = ¢√Ææh´ç, hype = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo/ ´Ææ’h-
4) But the exit polls point to a neck and neck
race between the BJP and the BSP.
´¤†’/ ûªßª÷-KE/ äéπ ´uéÀh íÌ°æp-ûª-Ø√Eo/ ÆœE-´÷†’
1) ...., said the civil supplies authority. í∫’Jç* áçûÓ °∂æ’†çí¬, ™‰E íÌ°æp-ûª-Ø√Eo
Civil supplies authority= §˘®Ω Ææ®Ω-°∂æ-®√© ÅCμ-é¬J/ Åçôí∫úø’ûª÷ îÁ°æpúøç/ N¨Ï≠æ v°æî√®Ωç îËߪ’úøç/
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù
457 §˘®Ω Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ ߪ’çvû√çí∫ç– Ration Gߪ’uç, éÀ®Ó-ÆœØ˛ Ç®√s¥ôç îËߪ’úøç.
™«çöÀ Ææ®Ω’èπ◊-© °æç°œùà ´u´Ææn. a) Inspite of all the media hype, I found the
movie dull= O’úÕߪ÷ (¢√®√h
magazines, TV
°ævA-éπ©’,
channels, etc.,) áçûª
íÌ°æpí¬ v°æî√®Ωç îËÆœØ√/ îËÆœ-
†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Ø√èπ◊ ´÷vûªç -Ç
ÆœE´÷ îÁûªh-í¬ØË ÖçC.
b) There's always a lot of hype in India about the
(v°æ¶μº’ûªy í∫÷úμø- ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ´’†ç á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ îÁ§ƒp-®ΩE children of those in high offices. For example,
English ™ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, He/ She said ÅE v§ƒ®Ωç-
î√®Ω ´®√_©’, look at that hype about Rahul Gandhi =
¢√∞¡x ÅçîªØ√ Gμ≤ƒhç. üΔE ûª®√yûª ¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ°œp† N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo indi- ¶μ«®Ω-û˝™ íÌ°æp °æü¿-´¤™x Ö†o-¢√∞¡x °œ©x-© í∫’-Jç-*
¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’- rect speech ™ ûÁ©’-°æ¤û√ç. Å®·ûË newspaper
Ø√o®Ω’.) áçûÓ íÌ°æpí¬ v°æî√®Ωç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. ®√£æ›™¸ í¬çDμ
™ î√™«-´-®Ωèπ◊, N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ´·çü¿®Ω îÁ°œp, ûª®√yûª
í∫’Jç* ïJÍí °∂æ’† v°æî√®Ωç DEéÓ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ωù.
Prabhat: I wonder he/ she said ÅØÓ said he/ she ÅØÓ ûª®Ω-í¬
what's going
à §ƒKdéÀ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç à®Ωp-JîË ¢Á’ñ«-Jöà ®√éπ-§Ú-´-îªaE,
Gallup polls ñÆæuç. Hung assembly/ parlia-
éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.
to happen in M.SURESAN a) The government is doing every thing to ment = ÅÂÆçHx/ parliament ™ à §ƒKdéÀ v°æ¶μº’-
Telengana. contain inflation, assured Mr
û√yEo à®Ωp-JîË majority ®√éπ-§Ú-´úøç. Å°æ¤púø’ éÌEo
(ûÁ©ç-í¬-ù™ àç ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûÓç-ü¿-ØËC ÇÆæ-éÀh- Chidambaram, union finance minister. §ƒKd© éπ©-®·éπûÓ ÆæçéîΩg (coalition) v°æ¶μº’ûªyç à®Ωp-
éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’.) (îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπüΔ, N≠æߪ’ç ´·çü¿®Ω îÁ°œp, *´®Ω úø’-ûª’çC. É°æ¤púø’ Íéçvü¿ç™ UPA ™«çöÀC.
á´®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp®Ó ûÁ-©’°æ-úøç) = vü¿¢Óu-©s-ù«Eo Åü¿’- 4) The exit polls point to ...
°æ¤™éÀ ûÁîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç îËߪ’-´-©-Æœç-ü¿™«x Exit polls èπÿú≈ äéπ ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† survey. Gallup
(´’†ç îËߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-ü¿çûË.) îËÆæ’hç-ü¿E, Íéçvü¿ ÇJnéπ ´’çvA *ü¿ç-•®Ωç £æ…O’ polls áEo-éπ©’ ïJ-Íí-´·çü¿’ E®Ωy-£œ«-≤ƒh®Ω’. Exit
Newspapers ™ áEo-éπ-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç*, §˘®Ω Ææ®Ω- Éî√a®Ω’. polls áEo-éπ© ®ÓV†, ãô’¢ËÆœ •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ´Ææ’h†o
É™«çöÀ sentences ™ sequence of tenses ¢√JE, ¢√È®-´-JéÀ ãô’ ¢Ë¨»®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E, °∂æL-û√-©†’
Åçûªí¬ §ƒöÀç-îª-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. ÅçîªØ√ ¢ËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ïJÊ° ÅGμ-v§ƒßª’ ÊÆéπ-®Ωù.
b) We should stand united in this moment of
°ævA-éπ™x v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† °æü¿l¥-A™ Öçúøôç í∫´’-E≤ƒhç. ÅC Exit = •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ®√´úøç. •ßª’-ô-éÌ-îËa-¢√J ÅGμ-
ûÁLÊÆh ´’†ç newspaper Ææ’©-¶μºçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫©ç. crisis, appealed the prime minister to the
v§ƒßª’ ÊÆéπ-®Ωù 鬕öÀd DEo exit poll Åçö«ç.
nation=
2) When he saw his sister, he felt happy =
Discuss= Argue = îªJaç-îªúøç, Q. When, while – Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥Lo N´-Jç- îÁ™„xLo îª÷úø-í¬ØË ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-ú≈fúø’.
Comment = ¢√uë«u-Eç-îªúøç; îªí∫-©®Ω’.
1 a) I saw her when she was going out. 'While' refers to a period (äéπ Æ洒ߪ’ç Åç-û√)
Enumerate = äéÌ\-éπ\-öÀí¬ äéπ-üΔE í∫’ù«-©†’/
b) I saw her while she was going out- 1) While I was watching the TV, he was
studying seriously = TV
Å稻-©†’ ûÁ-©’°æúøç
2 a) He was studying when she was cooking. ؈’ îª÷Ææ’h†o Ææ´’-
Differentiate = ûËú≈©’ N´-Jç-îªúøç.
b) When he was studying, she was cooking. ߪ’ç™ (Ç Ææ-´’ߪ’ç ¢Á·ûªhç) Å-ûª-úø’ îªü¿’-´¤ûª÷
Evaluate = Assess = ÅçîªØ√ ¢Ëߪ’úøç; ÖØ√oúø’ – ÉC continuous.
àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? - KS Krishna Metpalli
Examine = °æJ-Q-Lç-îªúøç, 2) While she was busy (during the time she
A. When = at/ during the time that something
Point out = îª÷°œç-îªúøç; was busy), he was chatting with his friends
happens =
Trace = äéπ ´%û√hçûªç NNüμ¿ °æJ-ù«-´÷-©†’
äéπ-°æE ïJ-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’/ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ Ö†o =
Ç¢Á’ ûª† °æE™ BJ-éπ-™‰E Æ洒ߪ’ç Åçû√
Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™.
ûÁ-©’°æúøç; Åûª-úø’ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©ûÓ éπ•’®√xúø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
While = During the time that something hap-
Outline= ô÷éÃí¬ N´-Jç-îªúøç; Q. Prosthodontia, Denture Åçõ‰
àN’ö
pens= äéπ-°æE ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ Ö†o Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™.
Give an account of = ´%û√hçûªç ûÁ-©’°æúøç;
ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
While, when-
- Ratna kishore, Hyderabad
È®çúø÷ üΔüΔ°æ¤ äéπõ‰ ÅE ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC
Review = ÆæO’-éÀ~ç-îªúøç, while continuous
A.
éπüΔ. Å®·ûË †’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ Prosthodontia =
Interpret = ´’†èπ◊ ûÓ*† Nüμ¿çí¬ N´-Jç-îªúøç; action sentences
èπ◊ ¢√-úø-û√ç. O’J-*a† È®çúø’ éπô’dúø’ °æ∞¡Ÿx Å´’-®Ωaúøç.
Prosthodonties, Periodontal, periodontology-
Determine = E®Ωl¥-Jç-îª-úøç; èπÿú≈ correct.
highly
1 a) I saw her when she was going out =
Characterise = ©éπ~-ù«-©†’ ûÁ-©’°æúøç; Ç¢Á’ É´Fo èπÿú≈ ü¿çûª ¢ÁjüΔu-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*†
technical °æüΔ©’.Spoken English ™
In what/ To what/ For what - É´Fo °æ‹Jh •ßª’-ô-Èé-Rx-†-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ îª÷¨»†’. (¢Á∞¡x-úøç îª÷¨»†’)
b) I saw her while she was going out = Ç¢Á’ ¢√úËN鬴¤. OöÀ Å®√n-©èπ◊ medical dictionary
¢√é¬u-Eo-•-öÀd-í¬F Å®Ωnç é¬-´¤. îª÷úøçúÕ.
Substantiate = E®Ω÷-°œç-îªúøç (ÇüμΔ-®√-©ûÓ)
•ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡Ÿ-ûª÷ Öçúøí¬ Øˆ’ îª÷¨»†’.
2) Both are correct. Å®·ûË Ñ È®çúø’ sen- Denture (O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ-†ô’x DUTURE é¬ü¿’)= éπ%vA´’
Critically evaluate = N´’-®Ωz-Ø√-ûªt-éπçí¬ °æ†’o – Acrylic ûÓé¬-F metal ûÓé¬-F îËÆœ-†N. Ñ
tences ™†÷, when •ü¿’©’ while better.
When referes to particular point of time.
ÅçîªØ√ ¢Ëߪ’úøç ®ÓV™x Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i† °æ∞¡x ®Ωçí∫’†’ §ÚL† °œçí¬ùÃ
Summarise = véÓúŒ-éπ-Jç-îªúøç/ Ææçví∫-£æ«çí¬ 1) When I knocked at his door, his dog éπ%vA´’ °æ∞¡Ÿx üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o®·. ÉN N’T-L† Ææ£æ«-ï-
ûÁ-©’°æúøç barked = Åûª-úÕ ûª©’°æ¤ ؈’ ûªöÀd†°æ¤púø’ Å-ûª-úÕ ¢Á’i† °æ∞¡x†’ §ÚL Öçö«®·.
Categorise = ûÁí∫-©’í¬ N¶μº->ç-îªúøç. èπ◊éπ\ ¢Á·J-TçC. (Ç éπ~-ùç™)
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 22 -¢Ë’ 2008
v°æ¨¡o: 1. What is the origin of
'Hat-trick' and how
did it derive?
2. What is the difference
between 'curriculum vitae'
and resume?
3. Though the news are
past, headings are
present indefinite tense in the newspaper,
why?
a. 'Chaudhary seeks open hearing' (heading)
Pakistan chief Justice Iftikar Chaudhary
who was removed by Pakistan President...
sought open hearing...
b. 'Centre sits on proposal'(heading)
A proposal submitted by the state...
Please clarify my doubts.
- N.Satyam Emerald, Ramakrishnapur
ï¢√•’:
Origin of the word 'Hattrick' -
Originally in 1858. An English bowler
Stephenson who in1858 took three wickets
in three balls in a row got a hat as a present
v°æ¨¡o: Kindly let me fol-
Headline is usually in the pr esent tense
lowing doubts be clari-
fied, and give examples
in English and Telugu.
1. What is the correct
meaning of 'Right
Now?'
2. Not Now, At present, Now itself be used
instead of Right Now?
3. Are there 'right then', 'right here', 'right there'
words in english?
4. What is the difference between 'from
January' and 'right from January'?
5. What is the difference between 'might have
done' and 'must have done'? What is the
question form to these sentences?
6. What is the correct meaning of 'where as'.
7. What is the difference between keep asking
and keep on asking.
- Ravi, Hyderabad
ï¢√•’: 1) A Right now = Now itself = É°æ¤púË/
É°æpöÀéÀ°æ¤púË/ ¢ÁçôØË. I can't give you the
money right now. You have to wait =
FéÀ°æ¤púø’ ¢ÁçôØË/ É°æp-öÀ-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ Ç úø•’s É´y-™‰†’. -
†’´¤y Çí¬L.
°v ¨æ o¡ : éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ -Å®Ωnç îÁ°æpçúÕ.
1. a. Ramesh is about to sell.
b. Ramesh is about to be sold.
2. a. Rani is going to sell.
b. Rani is going to be sold.
3. i) Turner prize to be declared today.
ii) Main film yet to be certified.
iii) The world is said to be created out of
nothing
iv) To err is human.
v) The wind having been failed.
(p.v. p.p)
™
4. -Ñ -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -Å-†’-´-Cç-îªç-úÕ.
i) Seeing is believing.
ii) None but fools have ever believed it.
iii) None of his poems are well known.
iv) Do you know the where and when of the
happening.
v) I can't say the how and where of it.
5. Whatever, whichever
á°æ¤p-úÁ™«
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?
6. ®√´· íÌvÈ®†’ †úÕ-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o-úø’.
7. Ææ®Ω∞¡ XüË-NE †úÕ-°œ-Ææ’hçC.
8. Ç®Ó-í∫uçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰ ´’ç* ǣ慮Ωç BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
for his feat. Money was collected on the spot
from those watching the game, a hat was
bought on the spot and it was presented to
Stephenson.
This feat of taking three wickets, from then
onwards came to be known as a Hattrick. In
the beginning bowlers who got Hattrick were
presented hats. The term later was extended
to other games like hockey, football etc.
2) In American usage curriculum vitae and
resume (pronounced) È®Wu-¢Á’ß˝’/ È®ï-¢Á’ß˝’ –
ï size ™ 'ï— ™«í∫) are the same. They are
details of your educational qualifications,
the jobs you have done, your experience,
etc., with your name and address which you
send when you apply for a job. Usually cur-
riculum vitae is more detailed than a
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
458
Do it right now = ¢ÁçôØË -Ç °æ-E îÁ®·u.
Right now I can show you what kind of man he
is = É°æp-öÀ-éÀ-°æ¤púø’/ ¢ÁçôØË /Ñ éπ~ùç™ ؈’ îª÷°œç-
îª-í∫-©†’ Fèπ◊, Åûª†’ áô’´çöÀ¢√úÓ.
2) 'Now itself' can be used instead of 'right
now', but not now or at present. 'Right now'
shows greater urgency than now/ at pre-
sent.
3) Yes. There are. 'right then' = Right at that
time = Ç éπ~ùç-™ØË.
He demanded his money back and right then
and there, I gave him back his money =
ûª† úø•’s 鬢√-©-†oüË ûªúø-´¤í¬, Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ Åéπ\-úÕ-
éπ-éπ\úø ؈-ûª-E-éÀ-îËa-¨»†’.
The man, the police wanted was right there but
they didn't recognise him= §ÚM-Ææ’-©èπ◊ 鬢√-Lq†
¢√úø-éπ\úË ÖØ√oúø’ Å®·Ø√ ¢√∞¡x-ûªEo í∫’Jhç-îª-™‰ü¿’.
He is right here`, just in front of you = ¢√úÕ-éπ\úË
ÖØ√oúø’, F áü¿’-®Ω’í¬.
9. éÌçü¿®Ω’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊çõ‰ ؈’ NØ√o†’.
10. °æJ-Èí-û√h-©çõ‰ ¨¡éÀh 鬢√L.
- Thirupathi Rao, Potli
ï¢√•’: 1. a) ®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ (üËØÓo) Å´’t-¶-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
b)
®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ Å´’t-•-úø-¶-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ = ®Ω¢Ë’-≠ˇ†’
á´®Ó Å´’t-¶-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
2. a) and 2 b) - °j Å®√n-™«x-í¬ØË.
3. i) to v) - É´Fo News paper headlines.
Lessons 450 to 457™ OöÀE í∫’Jç* N´-®Ωçí¬
ÖçC. -îª-ü¿-´ç-úÕ.
i) Ñ ®ÓV v°æéπ-öÀç-îª-•-úø’-ûÓç-C Turner Prize
(Turner Prize v°æéπ-ô† ØËúø’).
ii)ÆœE-´÷†’ Éçé¬ certify îËߪ÷Lq ÖçC/ Éçûª-
´-®Ωèπÿ ÆœE´÷ certify Å´-™‰ü¿’.
iii) v°æ°æçîªç/ N¨¡yç ¨¡⁄†uç †’ç* Ææ%≠œd Å®·uç-
ü¿E Åçö«®Ω’.
iv) §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’x ´÷†´ Ææ£æ«ïç.
v) ÉC correct é¬ü¿’ – The wind having
failed ÅE Öçú≈L. Å®Ωnç, í¬L ņ’-èπÿ-©çí¬
Oߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´-úøçûÓ.. (Ø√´ ™«çöÀN éπü¿-™‰x-ü¿E).
4) i) éπ∞¡xèπ◊ éπE-°œç-îËC †´’t-ü¿-TçüË (éÌçü¿®Ω’ ´uèπ◊h©
v°æ鬮Ωç)= éπ∞¡xèπ◊ éπE°œç-îËC Å•ü¿lç Å´ü¿’ éπ-ü∆.
ii) ´‚®Ω’^©’ ûª°æp ÉçÈé-´®Ω’ ü∆Eo †´’t-™‰ü¿’.
resume. A resume is brief.
3) That is a journalists convention. Even in
Spoken English, we sometimes say 'I come
here to seek your support,' though we say
this after reaching the place, that is after the
action is completed. In English, the present
simple sometimes is used to refer to imme-
diate past.
a) and b) - The headline is usually in the pre-
sent tense and the report following it is in the
present perfect/ past simple, depending on
whether the time is stated or not. This has
been explained in our earlier answers to the
Right here let's settle
the matter =
Ééπ\-úÕ-éÀ-éπ\úË
Ñ N≠æߪ’ç B®√t†ç îËÆæ’-
èπ◊çü∆ç.
4) 'Right from January'
is more or less the same
as 'from January' –
M.SURESAN
È®ç-úø÷ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰.
right
Å®·ûË
January Åçõ‰ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ January †’ç*.
He has been here right from January =January
¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç* Åûª-E-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’.
5) Might have done = Perhaps he did it =
úÌa (ÆæçüË£æ«ç).
Must have done =
îËÊÆ Öçö«úø’, ÆæçüË£æ«ç ™‰ü¿’.
He might have gone = ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa.
He must have gone = ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ·ç-ö«úø’, ÆæçüË-£æ«ç-
™‰ü¿’.
Question forms: Might he have done it? =
iii)Åûªúø’ ®√Æœ† éπNûªyç àD v°æÆœCl¥ îÁçü¿™‰ü¿’.
iv) Fèπ◊ ÅC -á°æ¤púø’ áéπ\úø ïJ-TçüÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?
(The when and where of an event =
ã Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJ-T† Ææn©ç, Æ洒ߪ’ç)
v) ÅC ᙫ á°æ¤púø’ ïJ-TçüÓ Øˆ’ îÁ°æp-™‰†’.
5) Whatever = à¢Á’iØ√/ àüÁjØ√.
whichever = àüÁjØ√
1. a) Whatever the price, I will buy the car =
üµ¿®Ω àüÁjØ√/ áçûÁjØ√ ØËØ√ car †’ éÌçö«†’.
b) Whatever your reason, you are late =
鬮Ω-ùç -à¢Á’iØ√ †’¢√y-©-Ææu¢Ë’.
2 a) Whichever book you want/ whichever is
the book you want, you can find it in that
shop =
Fé¬\-´-©-Æœ† °æ¤Ææhéπç àüÁjØ√/ Fé¬\-´-©-
ÆœçC à °æ¤Ææh-éπ-¢Á’iØ√, Ç shop™ üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’çC.
b) Whichever team plays well will get an award
of Rs. 10000 =
¶«í¬ ÇúË à ïô’dÈéjØ√,
®Ω÷.10000 •£æ›-´÷†ç ´Ææ’hçC.
6) Ramu is walking the sheep.
7) Sarala is walking Sridevi.
8) If you want to be healthy, you should eat
2
same question.
v°æ¨¡o: Ships sail on the sea
Ships sail in the sea
Ñ È®çúÕöx àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
V Ramakrishna, Rajahmundry.
ï¢√•’: ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ææ´·vü¿ç™ ņ-´îª’a é¬-F,
English™, ™ (in) ÅE ´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊ØË î√™«-îÓôx,
'on' ´Ææ’hçC. 'on the list, on the train, on the
plane, etc.
ÉC Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ N´-Jçî√ç îª÷úøçúÕ.
Ships sail on/ across the sea - correct (in the
sea - wrong)
Åûªúø’ îËÆæ’ç-úÌî√a?
Must he have done it? =
Åûªúø’ îËÊÆ Öçö«ú≈?
6) 'Whereas' is used to
compare and contrast
two things/persons, etc.
a) He is tall, whereas his brother is short =
Åûªúø’ §Òúø’Íí, é¬F ÅûªúÕ brother §ÒöÀd.
b) North Indians prefer tea whereas South
Indian like coffee =
Öûªh®Ω ¶µ«®ΩBߪ·©’ -öà É≠æd-°æ-úø-û√®Ω’, Å®·ûË ü¿éÀ~ù
¶µ«®ΩBߪ·©èπ◊ 鬰∂‘ É≠ædç.
from Law/ Court Language™ whereas ÅE sen-
tence ¢Á·ü¿öx ¢√úø-û√®Ω’, 'Åçü¿’-´©x— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.
Whereas (Because) The court feels that jus-
tice has not been done...
7) Keep asking = Keep on asking
îËÆæ’ç-
Don't keep/ Don't keep on asking me the same
question
.
= ÅüË v°æ¨¡o Åúø’í∫’ûª÷ Öçúøèπ◊ ††’o.
He continuous to be the president by default =
áEo-éπ©’ ûªT† Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ï®Ω-í∫-†çü¿’ ´©x Åûªúø’
Åüµ¿uèπ~◊úÕí¬ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
good food.
9) I overheard some people talking.
10) You need energy to run.
v°æ¨¡o: 1. There isn't any way you please with
elbows.
2. He was held down by some ropes.
°j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.
3. I am having a one rupee note ÅE äéπ úÕéπ{-†-
K™ ÖçC. ´’J having†’ (possession) ÅØË
Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’ éπü∆. I have one rupee
note ÅØ√L éπü∆. ü¿ßª’-îËÆ œ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
– Gurram Shankar, Shankarapatnam
ï¢√•’: 1) There isn't any way you please
with your elbows =
F ¢Á÷îË-ûª’-©ûÓ
†ØËoç ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°-ôd´¤ = ¢Á÷îË-ûª’-©ûÓ èπÿú≈ ¶«Cµ-≤ƒh´¤.
2) Held down = °jéÀ ™‰´-èπ◊çú≈ Öçîªúøç =
û√∞¡xûÓ éπõ‰dÆœ °jjéÀ- ™‰-´-èπ◊çú≈ î˨»úø’.
Hold down = éÀçü¿ ÖçúË™« îËߪ’úøç =
3) I am having a one rupee note ÅE Ö†o
dictionary ÆæÈ®jçC/ ´’ç*C é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.
I have a one rupee note, correct.
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 27 -¢Ë’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Midhun: You look run down Chandan.
(îªçü¿Ø˛ †’´¤y î√™« F®Ω-Ææçí¬ éπE°œ-Ææ’h-
Ø√o¢˛.)
(be) run down = F®Ω-Ææçí¬/ éπ∞¡ ûªT_/ *éÀ\-§Ú®·
Öçúøôç
Chandan: You can say that.
(†’´y™« ņ-úøç™ ûª°æ¤p-™‰ü¿’.)
Midhun: But why?
(Å®·ûË áçü¿’-éπE?)
Chandan: The pressures of my new position
after promotion are telling on me. My
work has doubled and I leave office
rather late.
(v°æ¢Á÷-≠æØ˛ ûª®√yûª Ø√ éÌûªh £æ«Ùü∆™E
äAh∞¡Ÿx Ø√ O’ü¿ v°æ¶µ«´ç îª÷°œÆæ’h-Ø√o®·.
Ø√ °æE È®çúÕç-ûª-™„jçC. Ç°∂‘Æˇ -†’ç-*
Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ´Ææ’hØ√o.)
Midhun: But you had been after it till you got it, Midhun: Let's
and now you don't seem to be happy.
(ÅC ´îËa´®Ωèπÿ ü∆E ¢Áçô°æú≈f¢˛, B®√ ÅC
´*a† ûª®√yûª Åçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Ö†oô’x
Now look at the following
™‰´¤.)
Chandan: For one thing, the work is heavy and
tiring and for another I am unable to
catch up with the
Chandan: The rise of course is substantial. It is
that that keeps me going, with all the
strain.
(°®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿© ´÷vûªç °∂æ’†çí¬ØË ÖçC. Åçûª
v¨¡¢Á’iØ√ èπÿú≈, ÅüË ††’o Éçé¬ é̆-≤ƒ-Íí-
ôô’x îË≤ÚhçC.)
Midhun: Whatever the rise, it is not worth the
candle, if you can't keep yourself well.
Health first and anything else next, you
know.
(@ûªç áçûª áèπ◊\-¢ÁjØ√, F Ç®Óí∫uç üÁ•s-AØË
b) Though from a village, she didn't take much
is still run down =
°æéπ~ç™ Åü¿çûª ´·êuç/ N©’-¢ÁjçC é¬ü¿’. Åûªúø’ 鬢Á’®Ωx †’ç* éÓ©’èπ◊-†o-
time to catch up with the ways of the city =
¢Á·ü¿ô Ç®Óí∫uç, Ç ûª®√yûË àüÁjØ√.) °æp-öÀéà Éçé¬ F®Ω-Ææçí¬, •©-£‘«-†çí¬ ÖØ√oúø’.
Chandan: I think one more month and I'll have
b) The hard work is definitely telling on her. She
ví¬O’ù ¢√û√-´-®Ωùç †’ç* ´*a-†-°æp-öÀéà ǢÁ’ †í∫®Ω
got used to it.
is really run down.
@N-û√-EéÀ ûªy®Ω-™ØË Å©-¢√ô’ °æúÕçC/ †í∫®Ω @´-†-¨Îj-
(ÉçéÓ ØÁ©, Ç ûª®√yûª Ø√éÀC Å©-¢√õ„j Ééπ\úø È®çúø’ Phrasal Verbs ÖØ√o®· îª÷úøçúÕ. LE ûªy®Ω-™ØË Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊çC.
§Úûª’çC.) 1) Telling on 2) be run down 5) Keep something/ somebody going = é̆-≤ƒ-
hope so. All the best. I'd rather be
°j ¢√é¬u-EéÀ ¢Á·ûªhç Å®Ωnç. Ç¢Á’ Å©-Æœ-§Ú®· éπ∞¡-ûª°œp Ííô’x îª÷úøôç.
going. Bye.
éπE°œ-≤ÚhçC. Ç¢Á’ a) The hope that her husband, though missing,
(Å™«Í í ÇPü∆l ç . ؈ ’ °æúø’-ûª’†o v¨¡´’ is still alive keeps her going = ûª† ¶µº®Ωh ûª°œp-§Ú-
¢Á∞¡-û√-Eçéπ. ¶„j.) Ç¢Á’ O’ü¿ v°æ¶µ«´ç ®·Ø√, Éçé¬ •AÍé ÖØ√o-úø†o Ǩ¡ Ç¢Á’†’ @Nç-îËô’x
îª÷°æ¤-ûÓçC. (Is îËÆæ’hçC/ Ç Ç¨¡ ´™‰x Éçé¬ Ç¢Á’ •A-èπ◊çC.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
phrasal verbs from the dia- telling on). b) Assured supply of milk from the villages
logue above. 459
around keeps the milk products factory going
= ô÷d Ö†o

It's not wor th the candle

new technology. ví¬´÷© †’ç* E®Ωç-ûª-
Spending hours get- ®Ω-¢Á’i†/ éπ*a-ûª-¢Á’i†
ting used to it. §ƒ© Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ ´©x Ç
(äéπ-õ‰¢Á÷ °æE î√™« §ƒ© Öûªp-ûª’h© §∂ƒuéπdK
áèπ◊\´. Å©-Ææô éπL-Tç- éÌ≤ƒ-í∫’-ûÓçC.
Assured = guaranteed
îË-≤ÚhçC; È®çúÓC Ñ éÌûªh õ„é¬o-©-@éÀ Å©-
¢√ô’ °æúø-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o. ü∆EéÀ Å©-¢√-ô’-°æúË Phrasal verbs Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆? Åçõ‰ tell onèπ◊ Å®Ωnç, v°æ¶µ«´ç îª÷°æúøç
v°æߪ’-ûªoç™ í∫çô© éÌDl Æ洒ߪ’ç OöÀ™ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´÷ô-©’ç-ö«®·. ÅE ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆? c) Have this bread to keep you going till lunch =
°æúø’-ûÓçC..) ¢√öÀ™x äéπöÀ verb. Å®·ûË Ç verb a) The fear of exams is telling on the Ñ v¶„ú˛ A†’, ©çî˝ ´®Ωèπ◊ ÇéπL ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-
Midhun: Didn't you foresee all this before you
´÷´‚©’ Å®√n-EéÀ Ñ éπ©-®·-éπ™ Ö†o°æpöÀ little girl. She is quite nervous and ü¿’èπ◊.
wanted the promotion.
ü∆Eéà Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúøü¿’. ÉN English tensed up = °æK-éπ~© ¶µºßª’ç Ç *†o- d) I have enough money to keep me going till I
(v°æ¢Á÷-≠æØ˛ éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊-ØË-´·çü¿’ É´Fo Ü£œ«ç-îª- ´÷ûª %-¶µ«-≠æí¬ Ö†o ¢√∞¡xÍé ûÁ©’≤ƒh®·. °œ-©x™ éπE°œ-≤ÚhçC/ v°æ¶µ«´ç îª÷°æ¤- get my first salary =
Ø√ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ @ûªç ´îËa ´®Ωèπ◊
™‰ü∆ †’´¤y?) ´’†èπ ◊ èπÿú≈ Å©¢√õ„jûËØË Å®Ωnç Å´¤-ûª’çC. M.SURESAN ûÓçC. Ç¢Á’ éπçí¬-®Ω’í¬, Gí∫-°æ-öÀd-†-ô’xçC.
ï®Ω’-í∫’¶«ôßË’uç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω î√L-†çûª úø•’sçC.
b) His quick temper is telling on his relations with 6) Not worth the candle = Åçûª v°æßÁ÷-ï-†-éπ®Ωç
É°æ¤púø’ É™«çöÀN éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç.
Chandan: I did of course, but couldn't under-
1) You look run down others = <öÀéà ´÷öÀéà éÓ°æpúË ÅûªúÕ Ææy¶µ«´ç Éûª-
stand that this would be as difficult as é¬ü¿’/ v¨¡´’èπ◊ ûªí∫_ °∂æLûªç.
2) The pressures of my work... are telling on me.
this. Moreover I had a fear that if I ®Ω’-©ûÓ ÅûªúÕ Ææç•ç-üµ∆-©†’ üÁ•s-B-≤ÚhçC. a) The remuneration he got for the job was not
didn't take the promotion, I might be 3) ... I am unable to catch up with the new tech- (Run down èπ◊ Éûª®Ω Å®√n©’ î√™« ÖØ√o®·. ÅN
worth the candle = Åûªú≈ °æEéÀ §ÒçC† §ƒJ-ûÓ-
edged out by the new boss. nology. ûª®√yûª ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.)
4) ... I feared to I might be edged out.
≠œ éπç Åûªúø’ °æúøf v¨¡´’èπ◊ ûªTç-C-é¬ü¿’.
Tell on, conversation™ áèπ◊\-´í¬ NE°œçîË
b) I'm not going to try for the job. The place is too
(ûÁ©’Ææ’ Ø√èπ◊, Å®·ûË Éçûª éπ≠dçæ í¬
Öçô’ç-ü¿E Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. ÅçûË- 5) It is that that keeps me going expression. O’®Ω÷ ¢√úøçúÕ.
far off to be worth the candle = Ç ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ
é¬-èπ◊çú≈, v°æ¢Á÷-≠æØ˛ BÆæ’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË ´÷ éÌûªh 6) It's not worth the candle (ÉC phrasal 3) To catch up with = Å´-í¬-£æ«† îËÆæ’éÓ-´úøç/ ã
¶«Æˇ ††’o •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ûÓÊÆ v°æ´÷ü¿ç verbé¬ü¿’. Idiom. ü∆E í∫’Jç* Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çüË éÌûªh N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ Å©-¢√ô’ °æúøôç. ØËØËç v°æߪ’-Aoç-îª-¶-´-úøç-™‰ü¿’. ÅC ´’K ü¿÷®Ωç,
a) Though trained, it will take some time for the
Öçü¿E èπÿú≈ ¶µºßª’-°æ-ú≈f†’.) N´Jçî√ç.) v¨¡´’èπ◊ ûªT† °∂æLûªç ™‰†ç-ûªí¬.
Midhun: Atleast is the increase in pay worth the 1) To look run down/ appear run down = ÅL- office staff to catch up with the use of com- Å®·ûË, not worth the candle ¢√úø’éπ véπ´’çí¬ ûªT_-
trouble? Æœ-§Ú®· F®Ω-Æœç-*-†ô’x éπE°œç-îªúøç puters = Péπ~ù §ÒçC†°æp-öÀéÃ, éπç°æ‹u-ô®Ωx ¢√úøéπç §Ú-ûÓçC. Å´-Ææ-®√Eo •öÀd Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îªçúÕ.
(éπFÆæç F @ûªç™ °®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿© F éπ≥ƒd-EéÀ To be run down = F®Ω-Æ œç* Öçúøôç í∫’Jç* Å´-í¬-£æ«† §Òçü¿-ú≈-EéÀ/ Å©-¢√-ô’°æúøö«-EéÀ
ûªí∫_ô’d Öçü∆?) a) Though he has recovered from Jaundice, he Ç°∂‘Æˇ Æœ•sç-CéÀ éÌçûª-é¬©ç °æúø’-ûª’çC.

-v°æ-¨¡o: ii) Venu's books and bag is keep. - Which is

correct?
-v°æ-¨¡o: Climbers, plural éπü∆? 鬕öÀd are climbers ÅØË
When we are born, we cry I. Who is a good friend? Åçö«ç.
- B. Hanumantha Rao, Macherla
and others laugh. We should
try to live in such a way that -ï-¢√-•’: i) A good friend is one who helps us in prob-
lems. ii) A good friend is a help us with prob-
IV. of = ßÁ·éπ\;
-v°æ-¨¡o:
of water = F∞¡x ßÁ·éπ\
when we die, others should I. What did Venu's mother tell him last night? lems - What is correct answer in these lines? 1. I am getting used to marriage.
cry and we should laugh.(¢Ëù’ -¢√-∞¡x Å´’t ÅûªúÕûÓ ®√vA àç îÁ°œpçC?) DEéÀ II. A house is a place to live in, which protects 2. As many as 500 people attended the
– °j ¢√é¬u™x àüÁjØ√ ûª°æ¤p Öçü∆? O’®Ω’ É*a† answers È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àD ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. us heat, cold and rain. function -–-O-öÀ-éÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ§ƒô’
1) What did Venu's mother tell him? ņo v°æ¨¡oèπ◊,
N´Jç-îªçúÕ. Which ≤ƒn†ç™ it ¢√úÌî√a? Å®Ωnç N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
- Sudha, Pavani, Veeravasaram (W.G.Dist) Venu's mother told him ÅE ®√¢√L éπü∆, told
III. i) What are climbers? - MV Subramanyam, Chillakuru
-ï-¢√-•’: Ç ¢√éπuç É™« Öçú≈L. you ᙫ ´Ææ’hçC? 鬕öÀd ÅC, Venu's mother
told him last night to keep his (your) shoes ii) What is climbers? -ï-¢√-•’:
When we are born, we cry and others laugh. 1) Am getting used to =
polished and ready. Last night *´®Ω ®√ü¿’. °j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®é˙d? Å©-¢√ô’°æúø’-ûª’Ø√o†’.
We should try to live in such a way that when IV. Liquid is solid form of water? Be used/ get used to =
2) Venu's mother told your shoes are polished Å©-¢√ô’°æúøôç/
we die, others cry and we laugh. (other
last night. told Ééπ\úø of ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC? éÌûªhü¿†ç §Ú´-úøç/ §ƒûª-•-úø-ôç. -D-E í∫’-Jç-* §ƒûª
should cry and we should laugh
-Éç-ü¿’-™ -ûª°æ¤p-©’ -äéπöÀ: ûª®√yûª á´-
lessons™ î√-™« N´-®Ωçí¬ -É-î √aç. îª÷úøçúÕ.
-v°æ-¨¡o:
é¬ü¿’.) –B. Hanumantha Rao, Macherla
-ï-¢√-•’:
JûÓ îÁ°œpç-ü¿-ØËC ûÁL-ߪ÷L éπü∆?; È®çúø’: Ééπ\úø
èπÿú≈ your shoes ᙫ ´Ææ’hçC, his ÅE éπü∆ 2) As many as 500 people attended the func-
I. What did Venu's mother tell him last night? ®√¢√L?; ´‚úø’: last night (past éπü∆?) ņo- tion. as many as
I. i) A Good friend is one who helps with prob-
Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ Åçûª °ü¿l
1) Venu's mother told you to keep your °æ¤púø’ shoes are ®√ü¿’, shoes were polished 500
lems. correct.
ÉC Ææçêu™ – ´’çC ü∆é¬ ´î√a®Ω’! ÅE, Éûª-®Ω’-
shoes polished and ready last night. ©†’ impress îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ îÁ°æp-úøç.
´Ææ’hçC. Å´¤Ø√? II. ¢√úÌa. Å®·ûËsentence éÌClí¬ ´÷®√aL. É™«:
2) Venu's mother told your shoes are pol- II. i) Venu's books and bag are keeping. I gave him as much as Rs. 1000/- = -Å-ûª-úÕéÀ
A house is a place to live in, and it protects
ished last night. ii) Venu's books and bag is keep. ØË-†’ ûªèπ◊\¢Ëç É´y-™‰ü¿’ 1000 -®Ω÷-§ƒ-ߪ’-©’ É-î√a-†’
-Ñ È®ç-úø’ - us from heat, cold and rain.
1 or 2? ûÁ©’≤ƒ?
III. i) What are climbers? correct.
– °j È®ç-úø’ Ææ-´÷-üµ∆-Ø√-™x -à-C éπÈ®é˙d? ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. ÅØËC
II. i) Venu's books and bag are keeping.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 29 -¢Ë’ 2008
Samuchitha: Hi Nirupama, can you even think
of it? My walking all the 5 km last
night home from the party?
(†’´yC ņ’-éÓ-ØÁjØ√ ņ’-éÓ-í∫-©¢√?
Party †’ç* ÉçöÀéÀ 5 éÀ™ -O’-ô®Ω÷x
؈’ †úÕ-*-®√-´úøç?)
Nirupama: I was in the same position as well.
I thought of walking home, but I
didn't feel up to it. Fortunately
Nikhila gave me a lift and dropped
me home.
(Ø√D ÅüË °æJ-ÆœnA. ÉçöÀéÀ †úÕ* ®√¢√-
©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’, é¬F Åçûª îËߪ’-í∫-©-†-E-°œç-
îª-™‰ü¿’. Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª’h E"© lift É*a
´÷ Éçöx †ØÌo-C-L-°-öÀdçC.)
Samuchitha: What a bore Kumar was last
night! ´’†ç É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo phrasal verbs í∫’Jç*
(èπ◊´÷®˝ áçûª NÆœ-Tç-î √úÓ E†o ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. Phrasal verbs á°æ¤púø÷ ´’† prac-
tice °j Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æúÕ Öçö«®·. ´’†ç áçûª áèπ◊\-´í¬
®√vA!)
Nirupama: He always is! He talks shop when- ´’† conversation ™ ¢√öÀE
ever we meet him. He tires us with ¢√úÕûË Åçûª ¶«í¬ í∫’®Ω’hç-ö«®·.
his work as a software man all the
time.
(Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ NÆœ-T-≤ƒhúø’! á°æ¤púø’
´’†ç ÅûªúÕE éπL-
Would you stop talking shop?
ÆœØ√ ûª† ÖüÓuí∫ç
í∫’JçîË ´÷ö«x-úø-
û√úø’. Software
´’E-≠œí¬ ûª† ņ’-
¶µº-¢√Lo îÁ•’ûª÷
NÆœ-T-≤ƒhúø’.)
Samuchitha: Nischaya is his exact opposite.
She claims that once. She is out
of office she doesn't talk about it
and she is as good as her word.
(E¨¡aߪ’ èπ◊´÷®˝èπ◊ °æ‹Jh ´uA-Í®éπç.
Office •ßª ’ô office N≠æ-ߪ ÷©’
´÷ö«x-úø-†ç-ô’çC. Ç ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-
èπ◊ç-ô’çC.)
Nirupama: Yea. In fact you rub her up the
wrong side if you even just refer to
it.
(Å´¤†’. ÅÆæ©’ ´’†-´÷-v°æ-ÆæéÀh ûÁÊÆhØË
ûª†èπ◊ éÓ°æç ´Ææ’hçC.)
Samuchitha: How good your relations with oth-
ers are depends on how and what
you talk about to them.
(Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ F Ææç•ç-üµ∆©’ ᙫ Öçö«-
ߪ’-ØËC †’´¤y ¢√∞¡xûÓ á™« ´÷ö«x-úø-
û√´¤, àç ´÷ö«x-úø-û√-´-ØË-ü∆-Eo-•öÀd
Öçö«®·.)
Nirupama: You are right on the nail. I agree
with you there completely. The
less you talk of yourself, the bet-
ter, always.
(†’´¤y îÁ°œpçC correct. FûÓ Øˆ’
°æ‹Jhí¬ àéÃ-¶µº-N-Ææ’hØ√o. ´’† í∫’Jç*
´’†ç áçûª ûªèπ◊\-´í¬ ´÷ö«x-úÕûË Åçûª
´’ç*C.)
Q.
1. The boys - (finish) the game by five.
1. will finish, 2. will have fin-
-Ñ -¢√éπuç-™–
ished, 3. finished –
-à-C ÆæÈ®j† Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç
-Å-´¤-ûª’ç-C?
2. The car (stop) when the police signalled
1. was stopped, 2. stopped,
-Ñ -¢√éπuç-™–
3. had stopped – -à-C ÆæÈ®j† Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç
Å-´¤-ûª’ç-C?
– P. Venkateswara, Madanapalle
A. 1. a) The boys will finish the game at 5 =
(future)
Å®·CçöÀéÀ °œ©x©’ Çô ´·T-≤ƒh®Ω’.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Samuchitha: By the way, some thing very sur-
prising. I saw Nikhila and Akhila
together last evening. Are they
friends again?
(ÅC-ÆæÍ®. î√™« Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†
N≠æߪ’ç. E"©, Å"© ´’Sx éπL-Ææ’ç-
úøôç îª÷¨»†’ E†o. ´’Sx ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÊÆo£œ«-
ûª’-©-ߪ÷u®√?)
Nirupama: Don't you know? They have
kissed and made up. They are
friends like never before.
(Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü∆? ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’Sx äéπ-õ„j-§Ú-
ߪ÷®Ω’. Éçûª-èπ◊-´·ç-üÁ-°æ¤púø÷ ™‰†çûª
ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-™„j-§Ú-ߪ÷-J-°æ¤púø’.)
Samuchitha: Happy to hear that.
(NØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC.)
Look at the following sen-
tences from the conversa-
tion above:
1) ... I didn't feel up to it
2) He always talks shop whenever
we meet him
3) She is as good as her word ( ÉC
phrasal verb é¬ü¿’)
4) In fact you rub her up the wrong
way/ wrong side if you even refer
to it. M.SURESAN
5) You are right on the nail
6) They have kissed and made it up
3) As good as one's word = á´-È®jØ√ ņo-´÷ô
1) Feel up to it/ feel up to something = äéπ °æE
îËÊÆ ã°œéπ/ Öû√q£æ«ç Öçúøôç.
a) I do jog for about 4 to 5 km everyday, but
yesterday, some how I didn't feel up to it.=
v°æA-®ÓV ؈’ 4, 5 éÀ.O’. jog (¢√uߪ÷-´’ç™
¶µ«í∫çí¬ Eü∆-†çí¬ °æ®Ω’-Èí-ûªhúøç) îË≤ƒh†’. é¬E b) The officer promised immediate action, but
E†o ´÷vûªç Ø√é¬ ã°œé𠙉éπ-§Ú®·çC.
b) Because of her age aunt Prameela didn't
feel up to visiting my sister in the hospital
and seeing her baby =
(°ü¿l´ßª’Ææ’´©x v°æO’© Åûªhߪ’uèπ◊ ÇÆæ’-°æ-vAéÀ ¢ÁRx 4) Rub somebody up the wrong side/ way=
´÷ îÁ™„xLo, §ƒ°æ†’ îª÷ÊÆ ã°œé𠙉éπ-§Ú-®·çC.)
c) You look weak. Do you feel up to walking
the distance? = F®Ω-Ææçí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. Åçûª
ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´-í∫-©¢√?/ †úÕîË ã°œéπ Öçü∆?
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: 1) Feel up to ûª®√yûª noun é¬F
...ing form é¬F ´Ææ’hçC. 2) feel up to á°æ¤púø÷
not ûÓ, ã°œé¬, ¨¡éÀh ™‰ü¿E îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπÿ, question
™†÷ ¢√úøû√ç.
b) The boys finished the game at 5 =
Å®·CçöÀéÀ (í∫ûªç™) °œ©x©’ Çô ´·Tç-îË-
¨»®Ω’.
c) The boys will have finished the game by
5=
Å®·ü¿’ ™°æ-©-í¬F Å®·CçöÀ-éÀ-í¬F °œ©x©’
Çô ´·Tç-îË-Ææ’ç-ö«®Ω’. (Å°æpöÀ ™°æ© Å®·-
§Ú-ûª’çC)
2. The car stopped and the boys jumped out
of it =
鬮Ω’ ÇTçC, °œ©x-©ç-ü¿’-™ç* •ßª’-öèπ◊
car stopped correct
Èíçû√®Ω’ – Ééπ\úø ÅØËC
éπü∆?
The car was stopped ÅE á°æ¤p-úøç-ö«®Ω’?
car ™°æ© Ö†o ¢√∞¡Ÿx é¬èπ◊çú≈ car •ßª’ô Ö†o
¢√∞¡Ÿx ü∆EéÀ Åúø’f-ûª-TL ÅC ¢Á∞¡x-èπ◊çú≈ îËÆœ-†-°æ¤púø’
éπü∆?
2) talk shop =
-´’-† ´%Ah, ¢√u°æ-é¬-©†’ í∫’Jç*
´÷ö«x-úøôç.
a) Well, we are at a marriage. Would you stop
talking shop? Remember, not all of us are
doctors = ´’†ç °Rx-éÌî√aç. O’ ´%Ah ¢√u°æ-鬩
N≠æߪ÷©’ ´÷ö«x-úøôç Ç°æ¤-û√®√? Ééπ\-úø’†o
¢√∞¡xç-ü¿®Ωç doctors é¬ç. í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ. (Åçõ‰
°RxéÌ*a† Éü¿l®Ω’ ņúøç™ †’´¤y î√™« correct.
doctors
N≠æߪ’ç ´÷ö«x-úø’-
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 460 ´÷ô.)
èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-®Ω-†o-
b) We are here to enjoy the party. No
talking shop please = ´’†ç party
džç-Cç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´î√aç. ü¿ßª’-îËÆ œ
≤Òçûª/ ´%Ah N≠æ-ߪ÷© Ææçí∫A ´ü¿’l.
c) If you talk shop, others find you a
bore = F ´%Ah/ ÖüÓu-í¬© N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’
´÷ö«xúø’ûª’çõ‰ Éûª-®Ω’©èπ◊ †’´¤y bore ´’®Ω*§Ú®· ®√@-°æ-úøôç.
ÅE-°œ-≤ƒh´¤.
Eïç îËߪ’úøç/ ņo-´÷ô v°æ鬮Ωç †úø’--éÓ-´úøç.
a) He said he would help me and he was as
good as his word= Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh-†-
Ø√oúø’, Ç ´÷ô Åûªúø’ E©-¶„-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
I doubt if she is going to as good as her
word= Ç ÅCµ-é¬J ¢ÁçôØË îª®Ωu BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-†çC
é¬F Ç¢Á’ ûª† ´÷ô†’ E©-¶„-ô’d-èπ◊ç-ô’çü∆ ÅØËC
Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’.
éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-îªúøç
a) Talk to him of the present day cinema and
you are sure to rub him up the wrong side=
†’´¤y Çߪ’-†ûÓ É°æpöÀ ÆœE´÷ §Úéπ-úø-©†’ í∫’Jç*
´÷ö«x-úÕûË Çߪ’-†èπ◊ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œp-≤ƒh´¤/ Ñ ´‚úø’ English ™ famous proverbs.
É°æpöÀ ÆœE´÷ §Úéπ-úø-©†’ í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úøôç
Çߪ’-†èπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-îª-úø¢Ë’.
The car was stopped by the protesters =
car car
E®Ω-Ææ-†-é¬-®Ω’©’ †’ ÇÊ°-¨»®Ω’ – ¢√∞¡x îËûª
was stopped
Ç°æ-•-úÕçC. É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x
correct
Å-´îª’a.
The car stopped when the police signalled;
The car had stopped when the police sig-
nalled - sentences
Ñ È®çúø’ ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ Å®√n™-ûÓ
correct.
1) The car stopped when the police sig-
nalled = Police signal
¢Ëߪ’í¬ØË/ ¢Ëߪ’úøçûÓ
car ÇTçC – È®çúø÷ äÍé-≤ƒJ ïJ-í¬®·.
2) The car had stopped when the police sig-
nalled= Police signal car
Éî√aúø’. Å°æp-öÀÍé
ÇTçC. Car Çí∫úøç signal ÉîËa ´·çüË ïJ-
Tç-ü¿E– Å™« ïJÍí Å´-é¬-¨»©÷ Öçö«®· éπü∆.
2
b) Why do you rub him up the wrong side by
rising that issue = Ç N≠æߪ’ç í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-
úø-ô-¢Á ’çü¿’èπ◊, Çߪ ’†èπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-îª-úø-¢Á’ç-ü¿’èπ◊?
5) Be right on the nail = correct í¬ îÁ°æpúøç/
Ü£œ«ç-îªúøç, etc.
a) You are right on the nail when you say he is
not the man for the job = Åûªúø’ Ç °æEéÀ ûªí∫úø’
¢Ájü¿uç b) The newspaper was right on the nail when
it wrote that the government would certain-
ly gag the press if only it had an opportuni-
ty = Å´-鬨¡ç üÌJ-éÀûË v°æ¶µº’ûªyç °ævA-éπ© ØÓ∞¡Ÿx
ØÌÍé\-Ææ’hçC ÅE Ç
°ævAéπ ®√ߪ’úøç éπ*a-
ûªçí¬ correct.
c) You are right on
the nail there. No
government is for
transparency =
†’´¤y correct. à v°æ¶µº’-ûªy´‚ §ƒ®Ω-ü¿®Ωzéπûªèπ◊
ņ’èπÿ-©ç-é¬ü¿’. Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ †’´¤y correct.
transparency = §ƒ®Ω-ü¿-®Ωz-éπûª– ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒu©’/ íÓ°æuç
™‰èπ◊çú≈ v°æï©èπ◊ ÅEo N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ûÁ©-°æúøç.-
6) Kiss and make it up = §ƒûª éπéπ~©÷, §Úö«x-ô©÷
a) You expect YSR and NCB to kiss and make
it up! That'd never happen. = YSR, îªçvü¿-
¶«•’ ®√@-°æ-úø-û√-®Ωç-ö«¢√?/ YSR, NCB ´’üµ¿u
ÆæßÁ÷üµ¿u Öçô’ç-ü¿ç-ö«¢√? ÅC ÅÆæç-¶µº´ç.
b) Politics make strange bed fellows = ®√ï-éÃ-
ߪ÷™x N*vûª ≤ƒçí∫-û√u-™‰-®Ωp-úø-û√®·.
You can find irreconcilable foes kissing and
making it up = ®√@-°æ-úøE v°æûªu-®Ω’n©’ §ƒûª-éπ-éπ~©’
´’®Ω-*-§Ú®· ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©-´úøç Å≤ƒ-üµ¿u-¢Ë’-O’-é¬ü¿’
1) Politics make strange bed fellows =
®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x Nçûª Nçûª ≤ƒçí∫-û√u-™‰-®Ωp-úø-û√®·.
2) There is no permanent friendship or enmity
in politics =
®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x ¨»¨¡yûª ÊÆo£æ…©’, ¨¡vûª’-û√y©’ Öçúø´¤.
3) Politics is the last refuge of the scoundrel =
FA-´÷-L†¢√∞¡x *´J ¨¡®Ωù’ (Çv¨¡ßª’ç) ®√ï-éÃ-
ߪ÷©’.
3) The Police has signalled and the car
Ç
stopped = Police signal
Éî√aúø’. 鬮Ω’
ÇTçC– ÉC ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ïJ-ÍíüË.
Subordinate clause Past Perfect ™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-
ùçí¬ Öçúøü¿’.
The car was stopped when the police sig-
nalled = Police, signal car
É´y-í¬ØË †’
á´®Ó Ç§ƒ®Ω’.
The car stopped --- . Car police
ÇTçC
signal
É´y-í¬ØË.
The car had stopped --- . = signal É´y-éπ-
car
´·çüË ÇTçC.
Before, after ©’ ¢√úÕ†°æ¤púø’ ´·çü¿’ ïJ-T†
°æEéÀ, past perfect Åçûª °æöÀdç°æ¤ ™‰ü¿’.