12/3/13 Hot ng ca cc trm BTS c nh hng n sc khe ngi dn?

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Hot ng ca cc trm BTS c nh hng n sc khe
ngi dn?
Cc trm thu pht sng thng tin di ng (BTS) xut hin ngy cng nhiu
ti cc khu vc ng dn c. Song song , s lng ngi dn thc mc
v nh hng ca BTS cng ngy cng nhiu. Lin quan n kin ngh ca
ngi dn T dn ph 3 v 4 phng Thng Li, thnh ph Kon Tum,
tnh Kon Tum. S Thng tin v Truyn thng xin a ra mt s minh chng
c th nhn dn an tm v s tn ti ca trm BTS xung quanh mnh.


Ti sao cn xy nhiu trm BTS?

Tnh n thi im hin ti, Vit Nam c 6 nh mng cung cp dch v thng tin di
ng (TTD) mt t, s dng 2 h thng in thoi di ng thng dng l: s
dng cng ngh GSM (mng Vinaphone, Mobifone, Viettel, Gtel, Vietnamobile) v
CDMA (Sfone). C 2 h thng ang phc v khon 151,2 triu thu. Vi s lng
thu bao ln nh vy, nht l ti cc thnh ph H Ni, TP.HCM, Nng..., cc
nh mng phi xy dng cc trm BTS vi mt cao m bo vng ph sng
v cht lng dch v.

Gn y, cc nh mng tng cng u t h tng mng thg tin di ng p
ng vic pht trin cc dch v trn nn 3G dn n cc BTS ngy cng dy c.
Khong cch gia cc BTS trn cng mt mng trc y i vi 2G vo
khong 2 km th nay rt ngn cn 800m. Theo s liu thng k, c nc hin c
trn 50.000 BTS (ring tnh Kon Tum ta c hn 510 trm).

Quy trnh xy trm BTS phi thc hin nh th no?

Theo quy nh ca Thng t s 12/2007/TTLT-BXD-BTTTT ngy 11/12/2007
ca Lin B Xy dng v B Thng tin v Truyn thng hng dn v cp giy
php xy dng i vi cc cng trnh trm thu pht sng thng tin di ng cc
th v Quyt nh s 42/2008/Q-UBND ngy 18/9/2008 ca UBND tnh Kon
12/3/13 Hot ng ca cc trm BTS c nh hng n sc khe ngi dn?
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Tum quy nh khu vc phi xin php v thm quyn cp php xy dng cc trm
thu, pht sng thng tin di ng trn a bn tnh Kon Tum. Theo doanh nghip
thng tin di ng mun xy dng, lp t trm BTS th phi xin ch trng ca
UBND tnh (qua S Thng tin v Truyn thng), sau khi c quan chc nng c
kin bng vn bn th doanh nghip mi tin hnh lp h s xin cp php xy dng
theo quy nh ti im 1, Mc II Thng t s 12/2007/TTLT-BXD-BTTTT.
Thm quyn cp php xy dng Ch tch UBND tnh Kon Tum giao cho Ch tch
UBND cc huyn, thnh ph cp php trong phm vi a gii hnh chnh thuc
quyn qun l.

a trm BTS i vo hot ng cn nhng iu kin g?

Theo quy nh ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng ti Thng t 09/2009/TT-
BTTTT ngy 24/03/2009 v kim nh v cng b s ph hp i vi cng trnh
k thut chuyn ngnh vin thng v Thng t 11/2009/TT-BTTTT v danh mc
cng trnh vin thng bt buc cng b s ph hp. Theo th tng BTS lp
t mi trong thi gian 90 ngy k t ngy a cng trnh vo khai thc s
dng phi c kim nh, nu tun th TCVN 3718-1:2005 th mi c
hot ng, ng thi phi m bo cc yu cu v tip t, chng st bng
hnh thc cng b s ph hp (c ngha l tt c cc trm BTS khng c
trm no gy ra mc phi nhim vt mc gii hn cho php 2W/m
2
(hoc 27,5V/m) trong khu vc dn c sinh sng, i li xung quanh trm
pht sng BTS). i vi cc BTS khi c s thay i cu hnh nh tng cng sut
bc x, thay i v tr, cao v hng ngten lm cho cc tiu ch v an ton
trong trng bc x tn s v tuyn in vt qu gi tr c kim nh hoc
giy chng nhn kim nh ht hiu lc (5 nm) th phi kim nh li.

Ngi dn c th nhn bit cc trm BTS c kim nh v theo quy nh
trong thi hn ba mi (30) ngy k t ngy trm BTS c cp Giy chng nhn
kim nh, t chc, doanh nghip phi nim yt bn sao Giy chng nhn kim
nh ti a im lp t trm.

Cc trm BTS c nh hng ti sc kho con ngi hay khng?

Sng in thoi di ng l sng in t trng, cc trm pht sng in thoi di
ng thng xen ln cc khu dn c, v vy vic nghin cu v nh hng ca
sng in thoi di ng ti sc kho con ngi ngay t khi xut hin in thoi di
ng l vn quan tm khng ch ring Vit Nam, m ca hu ht cc nc v
nhiu t chc quc t.

Trn th gii, tnh n nay c khong 5 t my di ng v cc mng di ng ny
u s dng cu trc t bo c ngha l vi mt khong cch nht nh cn c mt
trm thu pht sng (BTS) phc v cc my di ng trong khu vc. i vi quc
t, cc t chc quc t c lin quan t chc nghin cu v c cc vn bn
khuyn ngh v vn ny, c bit l T chc Y t Th gii WHO, U ban quc
t v phng chng bc x phi ion ho (ICNIRP) v Lin minh Vin thng Quc t
(ITU). Cc nghin cu ny u kt lun: Qua xem xt mc phi nhim rt thp
v cc kt qu nghin cu thu thp ti nay, cha c bng chng khoa hc thuyt
12/3/13 Hot ng ca cc trm BTS c nh hng n sc khe ngi dn?
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phc no cho thy tn hiu tn s v tuyn in yu t cc trm thu pht v tuyn
v cc mng v tuyn gy ra nhng nh hng c hi cho sc khe. Kt qu
nghin cu cng xc nh mc an ton (gi l mc phi nhim trng in t an
ton) i vi khu vc sinh sng ca ngi dn.

Vit Nam, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh Tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 3718-2005 Qun l an ton trong trng bc x tn s radio - Phn 1:
Mc phi nhim ln nht trong gii tn 3 kHz n 300 GHz. B Thng tin v
Truyn thng cng ban hnh quy chun quc gia QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT Quy
chun k thut quc gia v phi nhim trng in t ca cc trm gc in thoi
di ng mt t cng cng.

Trong qu trnh xy dng Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 3718-2005, B Khoa hc
v Cng ngh giao cho cc n v chc nng v phng din k thut v cng
ngh l: Tng cc Tiu chun, o lng Cht lng, cc n v nghin cu ca
trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni, Hc vin K thut qun s v Hc vin Bu
chnh vin thng l 3 c quan ng u v mt pht trin cng ngh, cc c s
nghin cu mnh, nghin cu v cc k thut, cc thng s ca cc trm thu pht
sng v cc my in thoi di ng. B Khoa hc v cng ngh cng giao cho cc
Vin nghin cu khc lin quan n sc khe con ngi nh Vin Y hc Lao ng
v sinh mi trng ca B Y t, Khoa Y hc v sinh mi trng ca Hc vin
qun y, Vin Nghin cu k thut v Bo h lao ng ca B Lao ng, Thng
binh v X hi nghin cu nhng nh hng ti sc khe con ngi, cng nh ti
mi trng, ng thc vt, sinh sng v tn ti. Cho n nay cc nghin cu vn
ang tip tc nhng kt qu ban u rt quan trng cho thy: Vi di tn s ca
sng v tuyn vi cng sut ca cc thit b ca cc trm thu, pht v cc
thng s k thut ca cc my in thoi di ng ti Vit Nam hin nay, cha
c bng chng khoa hc c th c th khng nh rng sng do cc trm
thu, pht k c cc my in thoi di dng tng c nhn s dng, gy nh
hng xu, c hi n sc khe con ngi.

m bo tnh khoa hc v tin cy, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh yu cu
cc c quan chc nng nghin cu, tham kho cc ti liu cng nh l ton b h
thng tiu chun ca mt s t chc khoa hc cng ngh th gii v mt s nc
cng nghip pht trin. V d nh nghin cu cc kinh nghim v kt lun ca T
chc Y t th gii, ca U ban Quc t v phng chng bc x phi ion ho
(ICNIRP), ca Hip hi in t vin thng ca Hoa K v cc t chc khc ca
Nht, c v Lin minh Chu u. Kt qu cho thy ton b h thng tiu chun v
tiu chun ca Vit Nam hin nay ph hp vi tiu chun quc t v thng l quc
t. Qua kt qu nghin cu ca cc c quan Vit Nam cho thy th cht ca ngi
Vit Nam c khc vi cc quc gia khc, c bit l cc quc gia Chu u v
Chu M, cho nn quy chun c khuyn co s dng nhng mc thp, tc l
tiu chun cao hn so vi cc quc gia m th cht con ngi ln v khe hn
ngi Vit Nam.

T chc Y t Th gii WHO kt lun: Cc bng chng khoa hc hin nay cho
thy phi nhim trng in t ca ph v tuyn pht x t cc my in
thoi di ng v cc trm thu, pht gc khng gy ung th v khng thc
y ung th pht trin.
12/3/13 Hot ng ca cc trm BTS c nh hng n sc khe ngi dn?
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Khi xy dng tiu chun v quy chun c lin quan n sc khe con ngi, B
Khoa hc v Cng ngh ch n cc loi bnh sau: Bnh th nht l ung th,
trong c c bnh mu trng. Loi bnh th hai nh hng ti h tun hon l
bnh tim mch v bnh huyt p. Th ba l nh hng ti h thn kinh tc l nhng
cm gic cm nhn c nh hoa mt hoc chng mt.

C quan Bo v bc x ca c cng b nh gi khoa hc quc gia v quc t
rng: Cha c bng chng thuyt phc s phi nhim trng in t do ph
v tuyn mc cng sup thp gy nh hng xu n sc khe con ngi.
Tng t nh vy c quan an ton sc khe mi trng ca Cng ha Php kt
lun: Vi s quan tm i vi bnh ung th xut hin chng ti chp nhn
mc cng sut thp trong in thoi di ng v mc bc x khng gy nh
hng n cc m sng, cc th nghim trn ng vt phi nhim thi gian
di trong trng sng in t, khng gy xut hin ung th hoc thc y
ung th pht trin.

y ban truyn thng Hoa K a ra kt lun: Khng c bng chng khoa hc
v s lin quan gia cc trm thu pht gc BTS vi bnh ung th v cc
bnh khc nh au u, chong vng, hoa mt hoc mt tr nh. U ban bo
v sc khe Canada khng nh: Cho n nay khng c bng chng vng
chc chng t cc bc x in t t in thoi di ng c nh hng xu n
con ngi.

Cc c quan c thm quyn ca an Mch, Phn Lan, Na Uy, Thy in cng
nht tr rng khng c bng chng khoa hc v nh hng xu n sc khe
do cc h thng trm thu, pht sng di ng, cc my cm tay c cng sut
di mc do U ban Quc t v phng chng bc x phi ion ho (ICNIRP)
khuyn ngh.

nh gi kh nng nh hng n sc kho ca sng v tuyn ni chung, ngi
ta s dng i lng SAR (Specific Absorption Rate - Ch s hp th c trng) l
liu lng hp th nng lng v tuyn ti mt khong tn s nht nh ca mt
n v khi lng c th, o bng W/kg. Ti Vit Nam, vi vic bt buc p dng
Quy chun quc gia QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT Quy chun k thut quc gia v phi
nhim trng in t ca cc trm gc in thoi di ng mt t cng cng, gi
tr SAR c quy nh l 0,4W/kg. Nu so snh gi tr ny vi cc gii hn ca
mt s t chc v mt s nc: U ban quc t v phng chng bc x phi ion
ho (ICNIRP) l 2W/kg; Lin minh Chu u, Nht l 2 W/kg; M, c l 1.6
W/kg, th quy nh ca Vit Nam nghim ngt hn nhiu. B Thng tin v Truyn
thng ban hnh cc Thng t quy nh v kim nh cng trnh vin thng theo
tng trm BTS phi c kim nh, nu tun th Quy chun trn mi c
hot ng.

Ngi dn cn sng cch trm BTS bao nhiu hn ch ti a s nh
hng ca trm?

Vn khng phi l quy nh r khong cch an ton m cn m bo ni no c
s c mt ca ngi dn (tr cn b k thut) th ni phi an ton.
12/3/13 Hot ng ca cc trm BTS c nh hng n sc khe ngi dn?
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Mt trm BTS trc khi a vo s dng phi c kim nh tun th y
cc tiu chun an ton v phi nhim sng in t trng v cp giy chng nhn
kim nh th trm BTS iu kin hot ng v m bo an ton cho ngi
dn.

Hin nay php lut c quy nh x l nh th no v vic lp t cc trm
BTS khng ng tiu chun? Ngi dn cn lin h vi c quan no
phn nh v vn ny?

Hin nay, cc doanh nghip lp t trm BTS (chnh xc l lp ct anten) theo cc
hnh thc nh: lp t trn ct t ng c lp; lp t trn ct cao ca cc doanh
nghip cung cp dch v khc nh pht thanh, truyn hnh hoc lp t trn nc cc
cng trnh xy dng c sn nh ca nh dn, c quanv th, s khng ph hp
thc t nu a ra quy nh cng v vic lp t trm BTS. Trn phng din
qun l nh nc, B Thng tin v Truyn thng qun l cht khu cui cng, tc
l d doanh nghip lp t trm BTS u, theo hnh thc no, th trc khi a
trm BTS vo khai thc, hot ng phi c kim nh v cp giy chng nhn
kim nh m bo an ton cho ngi dn.

B hng dn cc doanh nghip cn cn c vo cc quy nh, nghin cu v
ban hnh Quy trnh xy dng v hon thin trm thu pht sng thng tin di ng,
bao gm c vic x l khi c cc khiu kin ca ngi dn.

Trc khi doanh nghip a trm BTS vo khai thc, s dng th doanh nghip
phi tin hnh th tc kim nh cho trm BTS . Nu trm BTS vi phm quy nh
v an ton bc x in t trng th doanh nghip phi tin hnh khc phc, trng
hp khng th khc phc c th theo quy nh doanh nghip phi dng hot
ng trm BTS ny hoc di di sang v tr khc.

Ngi dn c th lin h vi Thanh tra S Thng tin v Truyn thng Kon Tum
hoc Thanh tra B Thng tin v Truyn thng quan phn nh vn trn. Cc
c quan chc nng ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng qun l v tiu chun, cht
lng, kim nh an ton bc x in t trng l V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Cc
Vin thng.

Nu vic lp t trm BTS ng quy nh, ng tiu chun m ngi dn
cn tr th c b x l hay khng?

Trong mi trng cnh tranh nh hin nay, cc doanh nghip di ng thng xuyn
phi nng cp, ti u mng li ca mnh m bo cht lng dch v cung cp
tt nht, qua ngi dn, khch hng c s dng dch v cht lng tt vi chi
ph ngy cng gim, quyn li ca khch hng, ca ngi dn c nng cao.

Bn cnh quyn li l vn trch nhim: trm BTS l thit b mng vin thng, l
thnh phn to nn h tng vin thng. Theo iu 5 Lut Vin thng quy nh:

iu 5. Bo m an ton c s h tng vin thng v an ninh thng tin

12/3/13 Hot ng ca cc trm BTS c nh hng n sc khe ngi dn?
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1. Bo m an ton c s h tng vin thng v an ninh thng tin l trch
nhim ca mi t chc, c nhn; trng hp pht hin cc hnh vi ph hoi,
xm phm c s h tng vin thng, t chc, c nhn c trch nhim thng
bo kp thi cho y ban nhn dn hoc c quan cng an ni gn nht.

2. T chc, c nhn tham gia hot ng vin thng khng c gy hi n
mi trng v hot ng kinh t - x hi khc. T chc, c nhn trong cc
hot ng ca mnh khng c gy nhiu c hi, lm h hng thit b cng
trnh, mng vin thng, gy hi n hot ng ca c s h tng vin thng.

3. B Quc phng, B Cng an, y ban nhn dn cc cp trong phm vi
nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim bo v an ton c s h tng
vin thng. Doanh nghip vin thng cng cng, ch mng vin thng dng
ring, i l dch v vin thng v ngi s dng dch v vin thng dng
ring, i l dch v vin thng v ngi s dng dch v vin thng c trch
nhim bo v mng vin thng, thit b u cui ca mnh v tham gia bo
v c s h tng vin thng cng cng

Ti khon 6 iu 12 Lut Vin thng quy nh:

iu 12. Cc hnh vi b cm trong hot ng vin thng

6. Cn tr tri php lut, gy ri, ph hoi vic thit lp c s h tng vin
thng, vic cung cp v s dng hp php cc dch v vin thng.

Nu vic lp t trm BTS ng quy nh, ng tiu chun m ngi dn cn tr
th hnh vi c th b x l vi phm hnh chnh hoc hnh s tu theo tnh cht,
mc ca hnh vi vi phm. Th d:

- Ti iu 41 ca ngh nh s 83/2011/N-CP ngy 20/9/2011 c quy nh pht
tin t 10.000.000 ng n 20.000.000 ng i vi hnh vi: Lm h hng
ng dy cp quang, ng ten hoc trang thit b ca h thng truyn dn, chuyn
mch v cc thit b vin thng khc thuc mng vin thng c nh cng cng
ng di trong nc, quc t; mng vin thng di ng cng cng, mng vin
thng c nh v tinh cng cng, mng vin thng di ng v tinh cng cng, mng
thng tin v tuyn in hng hi cng cng.

- Hoc vic cn tr lp t trm BTS ng quy nh, ng tiu chun c th b x
l vi phm hnh chnh theo Ngh nh s 73/2010/N-CP ngy 12/7/2010 ca
Chnh ph quy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc an ninh v trt t, an
ton x hi.

H Thanh Tun (tng hp)