Global Environment Facility Energy Efficiency Programme in Nigeria
Second National Energy Efficiency Summit Promoting Energy Efficiency for National Development and Environmental Sustainability
Conference Proceedings
November 2012 ~ 2 ~
This report was put together by the Project Team of the UNDP GEF Energy Efficiency Programme. The information contained in this report is solely the responsibility of the Project Team.
The UNDP or her partners - the GEF and the Nigerian Government should not be held liable in any way for any information shared in this document.
GEF-UNDP Nigeria 2012
Contacts:
GEF UNDP Energy Efficiency Programme Energy Commission of Nigeria Plot 701C, Central Area Garki, Abuja Nigeria Phone: +234 9 876 0871 etiosa.uyigue@undp.org www.ng.undp.org/energy
~ 3 ~
Acronyms
AEPB Abuja Environmental Protection Board CFLs Compact fluorescent lamps COREN Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria CPC Consumer Protection Council CREDC Community Research and Development Centre ECN Energy Commission of Nigeria ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EDAN Electrical Dealers Association of Nigeria EE Energy efficiency EESC Energy Efficiency Steering Committee FME Federal Ministry of Environment FOTE Friends of the Environment GEF Global Environment Facility GHGs Greenhouse gases HOFA Hotel Owners Forum Abuja ICEED International Centre for Energy, Environment and Development ITA International Technical Adviser KWh/yr Kilowatt hour per year LED Light Emitting Diode MEPS Minimum energy performance standards NAPEP National Poverty Eradication Programme NCEEC National Centre for Energy Efficiency and Conservation NERC Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission NESREA National Environmental Standard & Regulation Agency NGOCE NGO Coalition for the Environment NGOs Nongovernmental organizations NIA Nigeria Institute of Architects NITT Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology NNRA Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority NSE Nigeria Society for Engineers NYSC National Youth Service Corps PHCN Power Holding Company of Nigeria S & L Standard and Labels SEAN Student Environmental Assembly of Nigeria SON Standard Organization of Nigeria UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme USD United States Dollars
~ 4 ~
INTRODUCTION
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) with support from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and in Collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FME), the Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) and the National Centre for Energy Efficiency and Conservation (NCEEC) has commenced the implementation of a project to promote energy efficiency in Nigeria. The overall objective of the project is to improve the energy efficiency of end-use appliances used in Nigeria to reduce energy demand. The project will assist Nigeria to increase access to electricity and at the same time mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases resulting from energy generation.
As part of the activities to achieve the objective of the Energy Efficiency Project, the UNDP and other implementing partners of the Project began the yearly event to create awareness on the gains and importance of energy efficiency. This years event - Second National Energy Efficiency Summit was organized with the theme Promoting Energy Efficiency for National Development and Environmental Sustainability. The objectives of the Summit were to create awareness on the importance and gains of energy efficiency in meeting national development and environmental sustainability; and to integrate energy efficiency into national policy, strategies and programmes towards achieving the goals of vision 20-20-20 of the Nigerian government.
~ 5 ~
DAY ONE
1.0 OPENING SESSION
A total number of 340 participants attended the Summit. In attendance were energy efficiency experts from different regions of Nigeria, the academia, representatives of various ministries, department and agencies (MDAs), NGOs, representatives of state governments, private sector, profession bodies Nigerian Institute of Architects (NIA), Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE), members of the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), religious organizations, international organizations, members of the diplomatic community, student bodies and the media. The Summit was declared opened by the Honourable Minister of Environment Mrs. Hadiza Mailafiya, represented by Mr. Taye Haruna, the Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Environment.
Other dignitaries present were the Director-General, Energy Commission of Nigeria, represented by Dr. (Mrs.) Roseline Kela, Director - Energy Management Training and Manpower Development (EMTMD), the representative of the Executive Governor of Abia State, Mr. Charles Nwantor; the Honourable Commissioner of Energy, Delta State, Mr. Charles Emetulu; Country Director UNDP, represented by the Deputy Country Director, Mr. Janthomas Hiemstra; the International Technical Advisor of the UNDP GEF Energy Efficiency Programme in Nigeria, Dr. Jason Yapp; the Director-General, National Institute of Transport Technology (NITT), Zaria, Alhaji Yusuf Aminu Musa; the Senior Special Assistant to the President and National Coordinator of NAPEP, Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa and the GEF Operational Focal Point, Mrs. Olabisi Jaji.
The Keynote address was delivered by Dr. Jason Yapp on behalf of the UNDP Climate Change Technical Advisor, Mr. Benoit Lebot. A total of five (5) presentations were made on the first day and nine (9) presentations were made on the second day by various speakers from within and outside Nigeria. Key features of the Summit were the public presentation of the following documents:
Preliminary Report of the End-use Monitoring Study in Nigeria Draft Revised Energy Efficiency Training Manual Draft National Energy Efficiency Policy Draft Report of the Nigerian Appliance Inventory Study
1.1: Welcome Address by Prof. A. S. Sambo, DG of Energy Commission of Nigeria
In his welcome address, the Director General (DG), Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) who was represented by Dr. Mrs. R. Kela welcomed all participants on behalf of the ECN and other implementing partners of the UNDP- GEF Nigeria Energy Efficiency Programme. He stated that the objectives of the on-going GEF-supported Energy Efficiency Project will complement past and current activities of the ECN to create awareness on the importance of energy efficiency and ~ 6 ~
to integrate energy efficiency into national policy in other to achieve vision 202020 of the Federal Government of Nigeria.
L-R: Mrs. Jaji, Dr. Kela, Hon. Nwator, Mr. Haruna, Hon. Emetulu, Mr. Hiemstra & Mr. Tafawa-Balewa
1.2 Overview of GEF EE Programme by Etiosa Uyigue
The National Coordinator of GEF Energy Efficiency Programme in Nigeria, Mr. Etiosa Uyigue emphasized the importance of adopting energy efficiency measures to help address the energy crisis in Nigeria. According to him, the main objective of the EE programme is to improve the energy efficiency of end-use appliances in Nigeria. He stated that UNDP-GEF plans to achieve this objective by assisting the government of Nigeria to put in place comprehensive EE policy and legislations.
He enumerated the four major components of the programme which include the capacity enhancement of relevant stakeholders and awareness creation; setting up minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for appliances in Nigeria; establishment of testing centres for enforcement of EE standards and labels; and supporting processes that will upscale the penetration of EE appliances in Nigeria. He reported that the end-use metering study to gather baseline data on lighting equipment, air conditioners and refrigerators has been conducted in five geo-political zones of the country and will soon be carried out in the south east zone.
~ 7 ~
1.3 Goodwill Messages
1.3.1 Commissioner of Ministry of Science & Technology, Abia State
The Commissioner of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Abia State, Mr. Charles .O. Nwator, who represented the Governor of Abia State said that energy issues are of paramount importance to the people and Government of Abia State. He said availability of energy will help to sustain the tempo of commercial, industrial and entrepreneurial spirit of the people of Abia State. Speaking further, he said that Abia State is endowed with diverse energy resources that need to be efficiently put into use. The Commissioner stated that the State is also facing environmental challenges that need to be addressed.
Mr. Charles Nwator advised that government should take steps to ensure that imported transport and production equipment coming into the country are properly tested for energy efficiency before allowing them into Nigeria. He expressed his appreciation to the Energy Commission of Nigeria and her organizing partners UNDP, GEF and the Federal Ministry of Environment for initiating this wonderful, well thought out programme. He envisaged more of this kind of synergy to enable stakeholders contribute effectively and be part of the energy road map.
Overview of Participants
~ 8 ~
1.3.2 Commissioner of Energy, Delta State
The Commission of Energy, Delta State, Hon Charles C. Emetulu, in his goodwill message opined that wastages are in all sectors of Nigeria, but energy accounts for the greatest of them all. He said Delta State has imbibed the idea of using energy saving bulbs and the state is investing heavily on renewable energies. According to him, Delta State is collaborating with ECN to train their state indigenes. He is optimistic that Nigeria is capable of producing cheaper and sustainable energy. He expressed the support of the government and people of Delta State for the on-going UNDP GEF EE programme in Nigeria.
1.3.3 Ade Mamonye Lekoetje, UNDP Nigeria Country Director
The UNDP Nigeria Country Director, Ade Mamonye Lekoetje was represented by Mr. Janthomas Hiemstra, the Deputy Country Director (Programmes) stated that climate change is a big global phenomenon and applauded the government of Nigeria for adopting the climate change policy. He stated further that a lot of work needs to be done in Nigeria in the area of EE. He said Ghana has set a pace ahead of Nigeria. He enjoined all organizations represented in the Summit to carry out energy audit of their organizations and imbibe EE best practices. He also enjoined all participants to take personal responsibility to imbibe EE best practices. He wished all the participants a wonderful proceeding.
1.3.4 Coordinator of NAPEP
The Senior Special Assistant to the President and Coordinator of the National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP), Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa said that the poor people are being neglected in most policy formulation in Nigeria, and yet they are the ones who keep the economy running. According to him, the average poor man in Nigeria needs only a lamp and in some cases a refrigerator, he therefore advocate for the incorporation of renewable energy into the policy document for the poor masses in Nigeria. He said NAPEP is in support of the UNDP GEF EE programme in Nigeria.
1.4 Keynote Address by Benoit Lebot, UNDP Regional Centre, Dakar
Benoit Lebot, the Energy and Environment Group Practice Leader, UNDP Regional Centre, Dakar was represented by the Dr. Jason Yapp, the International Technical Adviser, UNDP GEF EE Programme. He presented the paper titled The Role of Energy Efficiency in National Development and Environmental Sustainability. In his presentation, he made reference to Ghana, a neighboring country that has achieved a lot of savings through the adoption and implementation of EE programme. He said that the lack of standards and label in Nigeria has exposed the country to the import and proliferation of inefficient appliances.
~ 9 ~
Dr. Yapp expressed great optimism that the on-going GEF EE programme will help to create an enabling environment for the promotion of energy efficiency. He outlined the barriers to EE practice in Nigeria and suggested ways of overcoming them. Dr. Yapp enumerated the four components of the UNDP GEF EE Programme and gave a summary of the progress of the project as follows: metering study to capture the baseline energy consumption of appliances in high, medium and low income households is progressing well these data will be used to develop the Standard and Label for lighting, AC and refrigerator in collaboration with SON equipment for the testing centres are being sourced and will be installed in 2013 along with training of personnel to run the testing facilities the EE policy is being developed the top down (custom) and bottom up (market sales) baseline inventory data are being collected and finalized to understand the appliance market
1.5 Address by the Honorable Minister of Environment Mrs. Hadiza Mailafiya
Permanent Secretary of the Federal Ministry of Environment, Mr. Taye Haruna represented the Honorable Minister of Environment Mrs. Hadiza Mailafiya. In the address, he stated that the objective of the on-going GEF-supported project is to improve the EE of appliances used in residential and public buildings in Nigeria to mitigate climate change. According to her, climate change is one of the greatest threats facing the world today, and this is mainly caused by the emission of green house gases (GHGs) and most of the GHGs come from energy generation. He further stated that more energy is lost in Nigeria through wasteful practices and to this effect the Ministry of Environment is promoting the use of clean cook stoves. She called on Nigerians to change their lifestyle by changing the way they consume energy. He then declared the EE Summit opened on behalf of the Minister and wish all the participants fruitful deliberations (details in Appendix 1).
1.6: Vote of Thanks by the GEF Operational Focal Point
The GEF Operational Focal Point, Mrs. Olabisi Jaji expressed gratitude to the President, Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan for buying into GEF development programme. She thanked the Honorable Minister of Environment, Prof. (Mrs.) Hadiza Mailafiya for all her effort in making the project a success. She expressed gratitude to other implementing partners of the EE Project the UNDP, GEF, ECN and NCEEC.
~ 10 ~
2.0 TECHNICAL SESSIONS
2.1: First Technical Session
This Session was chaired by Dr. Mrs. R. Kela, Director of EMTMD, Energy Commission of Nigeria).
2.1.1: Preliminary Report of the End-use Monitoring Study
Dr. Jason Yapp presented the preliminary report of the End-use Monitoring Study. He said the objective of the study is to assess the current level of electricity consumption and efficiency of refrigerators, air conditioners and lighting appliances used in Nigeria. The data collected in the study will be used to design S and L and also serve as a tool to campaign among Nigerian policy makers and legislators on the gains of energy efficiency. Dr. Yapp spoke on the methodology of the study and that baseline data is being collected in Sokoto, Bauchi, Benin City, Lagos, Abuja and Enugu. Dr Yapp showed the preliminary data collected in Abuja with the data collected from France, Sweden and the UK and found higher energy consumption (>1,000 kWh/yr) for refrigerators in Nigeria. He also gave an example of cases whereby the use of energy efficient lighting products could reduce peak load demand by about 60% in Nigeria.
2.1.2: Revised Energy Efficiency Training Manual
The consultant reviewing the Energy Efficiency Training Manual, Mr. Ohunakin S. Olayinka of Covenant University, presented the contents of the Manual to the stakeholders. The stakeholder present requested that they should be given more time to study the document and that they will send their comments via email to the Project Team.
2.3 Second Technical Session
Mr. Richard Adewumi of the Standard Organization of Nigeria chaired the Second Technical Session
2.3.1 Draft National Energy Efficiency Policy
The Chief Executive Officer of Everlink Sourcing Ltd, the consultant contracted to develop the National Energy Efficiency Policy (NEEP), Mr. Benjamin Ogbalor presented the draft policy before stakeholders. He said that the best way to implement EE best practices in Nigeria is to have a workable policy supported with S and L. The draft NEEP proposed an institutional framework for implementing EE policy in Nigeria.
2.3.2: Draft Report of the Nigerian Appliance Inventory Study
John Davison Associates is the local consultant contracted to conduct the Nigerian Appliance Inventory Study. The representative of the John Davison Associates, Dr. David Omotosho ~ 11 ~
presented before stakeholders the progress made so far on the study. He said that although the task of collecting top down data in study is very difficult, that they are working with the Nigerian Customs to get all the necessary information. The inventory study focuses on lighting equipment, air conditioners and refrigerators using the HS code system.
Participants requested for copies of the various documents so that they can study them and make comments appropriately. The need to develop EE policy at state and local government level came up as a suggestion during the meeting. One of the participants raised the concern that NEEP focuses mainly on electricity consumption and appliances that use electricity. It was suggested that NEEP should cover other energy sources such as thermal energy and the transport sector. Stakeholders are of the opinion that the policy document should mainstream EE international best practices and should clearly state the role of the utility companies. It was proposed that certain percentage of the cost of energy be set aside to promote EE.
Exhibition of Energy Efficiency Equipment at the Summit
~ 12 ~
DAY TWO
3.0 First Technical Session
The First Technical Session was chaired by Mr. Onok Effiong, the President of the Hotel Owners Forum, Abuja (HOFA)
3.1 Promoting Energy Efficiency in Nigeria: Human Practices and Wastage by Ohunakin Olayinka Soledayo, Covenant University
Mr. Ohunakin Olayinka Soledayo, Covenant University, Ogun State presented the paper titled Promoting Energy Efficiency in Nigeria: Human Practices and Wastage. In his presentation, Mr. Ohunakin said that despite the proven cost-effectiveness of energy efficient technologies, a significant proportion of potential energy efficiency improvements remain untapped due to numerous factors; the chief of these factors is human behavior and attitudes. He enumerated the several human behaviours leading to wastage of energy in Nigeria. An example of such behaviours is what he called the Tokunboh Syndrome, where people believed that fairly used appliances last longer than new ones without bothering about their energy consumption. In tackling these energy wasteful behaviours and attitudes, Mr. Ohunakin suggested a two-way approach which includes technological and behavioural approaches. He advocated for workable policies to promote technologies, appliances or practice that improve the efficient use of energy at the level of the final user as well as continuous awareness programmes to inculcate EE best practices.
3.2: Promoting Energy Efficiency in Buildings Towards Energy Efficient Buildings in East Africa by Vincent Kitio, UN Habitat, Chief Urban Energy Section, Kenya
The paper explained that the UN-HABITAT is an agency of the United Nations mandated by the UN General Assembly to promote sustainable urban development and adequate shelter for the world population. UN-Habitat is the lead agency committed to improving the living conditions of the slum dwellers; assists local, regional and national authorities in their effort to increase access to modern, clean and reliable energy services; and promotes energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy in urban areas. It further explained that in order to successfully promote energy efficiency in buildings, there is need for countries to review country specific housing policy to include EE measures; prepare EE in building policies, session papers and by-laws for enactment, adoption and enforcement; and clearly define mandatory and voluntary measures.
4.0 Second Technical Session
The session was chaired by Mr. Okon Ekpenyong of the Energy Commission of Nigeria. The session featured two presentations.
~ 13 ~
4.1 Promoting Energy Efficiency: The Ghanaian Experience Ernest Asari, Energy Foundation, Ghana
The speaker outlined all the steps, the challenges and the successes recorded by the Energy Foundation Ghana in the promotion of energy efficiency in Ghana, working with the Ghanaian Government. He opined that with sheer determination, Nigeria and other African countries could replicate what Ghana has done in the promotion of energy efficiency. He therefore commended the UNDP-GEF EE Programme in Nigeria and described its activities as the right step towards promoting energy efficiency in Nigeria.
4.2: Energy Efficiency Best practices Mr. Ekong Onofiok, President Hotel Owners Forum (HOFA), Abuja
The paper focused on international EE best practices which have been adopted in several countries and which could also be replicated here in Nigeria. The best practices detailed in the paper are: minimum energy performance standards (MEPS); standard and label (S&L); retrofitting homes and public buildings; landscaping; providing incentives; and use of renewable energy technologies (RETs).
L-R: Ogbutu, Dr. Yapp, Mr. Tokunbor, Prof. Ogbeibu, Mr. Shogo and Mr. Kolo (Technical Session) ~ 14 ~
5.0: Third Technical Session
These sessions was chaired by Prof. Anthony Ogbeibu, University of Benin
5.1 Conducting Energy Audit in Residential and Public buildings Prof. Wole Adegbenro National Center for Energy Efficiency and Conservation, University of Lagos
Mr. Abolarin Sogo Mayokun represented by Prof. Adegbenro, the Director of the National Centre for Energy Efficiency and Conservation, University of Lagos. Mr. Mayokun spoke on the ways to conduct energy audits. He stated that energy audits could be conducted in the residential, commercial, service and industrial sectors. Major objective of an energy audit is to determine whether the current energy being used in any system is actually needed or not. He taught the audience on how to identify energy efficiency appliances. He further stated the importance and benefits of energy auditing. Mr. Abolarin concluded by outlining the different types of energy audits and their features.
5.2 Energy Efficiency and Environment: Awareness Creation and Communication Strategies Dr. Uyi Ojo, Programme Director, Environmental Rights Action/ Friends of the Earth, Nigeria
Dr. Uyi Ojo of Environmental Rights Action was represented Mr. Nosa Tokunbor. In his presentation, Mr. Tokunbor disclosed the need for advocacy to promote energy efficiency. He described the media practitioners as very strategic partners that are trusted by both the public and policy makers. According to him, the media connects political agenda with policy agenda and provide a platform for the voiceless in society.
5.3 Consumer Incentives Programmes: Expanding Energy Efficiency Market in Nigeria Mr. Shams T. Kolo, Consumer Protection Council
Mr. Shamm Kolo stated that the low level of energy supply in Nigeria has marked the decrease in economic growth in recent years. Consequently, unless something is done quickly to address the situation, the economic indices will continue to dwindle. He continued that the situation may increase poverty rate and death of innocent Nigerians. He observed that the consumer should be taken into consideration when policies and programme of government are being developed so as to always ensure adequate awareness and sensitization on the right products. He outlined several measures of ensuring consumer protection that could be deployed to assist the Nigerian consumers.
4.5: Next Step and Way Forward Dr. Jason Yapp, International Technical Adviser, GEF UNDP EE Programme, Nigeria
Dr. Jason outlined the expected outcomes and outputs of the project in Nigeria when completed. He outlined the activities in the EE Project to include the metering study, development of training manual, baseline inventory study and development of the EE policy. He said that the ~ 15 ~
future activities will include setting up testing and certification facilities for lighting equipment, air conditioners and refrigerators; legislative documents to set standards; design label; install CFL disposal facility; monitoring and verification of project.
~ 16 ~
Appendix 1: Communiqu
COMMUNIQUE ISSUED AT THE END OF THE TWO-DAY 2 ND NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY SUMMIT HELD AT ROCKVIEW HOTEL (ROYALE), WUSE II, ABUJA, ON 6 TH & 7 TH NOVEMBER 2012
PREAMBLE
The two-day 2 nd National Energy Efficiency Summit was organized by UNDP GEF Energy Efficiency Programme in Nigeria with the theme Promoting Energy Efficiency for National Development and Environmental Sustainability. The UNDP GEF Nigeria Energy Efficiency Programme is being implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) and the Federal Ministry of Environment and supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF).
The Summit is part of activities geared towards the successful implementation of the UNDP- GEF Energy Efficiency Programme. The objectives of the Summit were to create awareness on the importance and gains of energy efficiency in meeting national development and environmental sustainability; and to integrate energy efficiency into national policy, strategies and programmes towards achieving the goals of vision 20-20-20 of the Nigerian government
The Summit was declared opened by the Honourable Minister of Environment Prof. (Mrs.) Hadiza Mailafiya, who was ably represented by Mr. Taye Haruna, the Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Environment. Other dignitaries at the summit include the Director-General, Energy Commission of Nigeria, represented by Dr. (Mrs.) Roseline Kela; the representative of the Executive Governor of Abia State, Barrister Charles Nwantor who is the state Commissioner for the Ministry of Science and Technology; the Honourable Commissioner of Energy, Delta State, Mr. Charles Emetulu; the Deputy Country Director (Programmes) of the UNDP, Mr. Janthomas Hiemstra; the International Technical Advisor of the UNDP GEF Energy Efficiency Programme in Nigeria, Dr. Jason Yapp; the Director-General, National Institute of Transport Technology (NITT), Zaria, Alhaji Yusuf Aminu Musa; the Senior Special Assistant to the President and National Coordinator of NAPEP, Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa and, Nigeria GEF Focal Point, Mrs. Olabisi Jaji.
A total number of 340 participants attended the Summit. In attendance were energy efficiency experts from different regions of Nigeria, the academia, representatives of various government ministries, departments and agencies, NGOs, representatives of state governments, private sector, professional bodies Nigerian Institute of Architects, Nigerian Society of Engineers, members of the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), religious organizations, international organizations, members of the diplomatic community, student bodies and the media.
The Keynote address was presented by Dr. Jason Yapp on behalf of the UNDP Climate Change Technical Advisor, Mr. Benoit Lebot. A total of five (5) presentations were made on the first day, which included the Preliminary Report of the End-use Monitoring Study; Draft Revised Energy Efficiency Training Manual; Draft National Energy Efficiency Policy and the Draft ~ 17 ~
Report of the Nigerian Appliance Inventory Study. On the second day, a total of nine (9) technical papers were presented by various speakers from within and outside Nigeria.
OBSERVATIONS:
Stakeholders at the Summit observed with serious concern that:
Energy supply in the country is inadequate and far from efficient, therefore energy efficiency should be given adequate attention; Many Nigerians do not have access to prepaid meters and this discourages them from being energy efficiency conscious; Some energy efficient bulbs in the Nigerian market do not last as long as the estimated life span partly due to the voltage fluctuations and the presence of substandard bulbs in the system; The cost of energy efficient lamps are relatively high compared to that of incandescent lamps; Nigeria has become a dumping ground for obsolete, second hand, substandard and high energy consuming appliances; Climate change is one of the greatest threat facing the world today, Nigeria inclusive, and this is mainly caused by greenhouse gas emission from energy generation; Energy wasteful behaviours and attitudes, estimated bills and unmetered consumptions contributes to energy wastage; Inadequate awareness on the benefits of energy efficiency best practices is a major barrier to the promotion of energy efficiency in Nigeria. The poor people residing in rural parts of the country are often left out in the formulation and implementation of policies; If we save energy and reduce wastage by using efficient appliances, we will increase access to electricity in Nigeria; Electrical appliances beyond 5 years of use have been proven to consume more energy; Following global experiences, adopting energy efficient best practices has been proven to be cheaper than building a new power plant; Using energy efficient appliances/products, Nigeria could reduce peak load on electricity consumption by 60%; Nigeria is in need of a robust policy in energy efficiency
RECOMMENDATIONS
In view of the above mentioned observations, the following recommendations were made:
Intensive awareness creation and sensitization on the benefits of imbibing energy efficiency best practices should be carried out by all stakeholders; That regulatory agencies have a critical role to play in ensuring that only energy efficient appliances are in the market for patronage; ~ 18 ~
Government should make policies and legislations to promote energy efficiency especially in the area of setting minimum energy efficiency standards and label and develop frameworks for enforcement; Cost and quality of energy efficient appliances should be adequately addressed by the government; Ministries, departments and agencies and other organizations are encouraged to carry out energy audit and to adopt the energy efficiency best practices; All participants were encouraged to take personal responsibility on energy efficiency best practices; Nigerians should be encouraged to change their life style by changing the way they consume energy; It should be made mandatory for utility companies to provide prepaid meters to all their consumers; Nigeria should develop a workable energy efficiency policy to encourage energy efficiency best practices; Certain percentage of proceeds from the sale of electricity should be set aside by government to promote energy efficiency; Energy efficiency best practices should be mainstreamed into housing policy in Nigeria; Government should put in place a policy to gradually phase-out incandescent bulbs in Nigeria; Government should provide incentives for large scale energy consumers to retrofit their obsolete appliances with energy efficient ones; Members of the academia should carry out further research to ascertain the electromagnetic radiation from Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) & light emitting diodes (LEDs);
The participants in the Summit wish to express appreciation to UNDP-GEF for providing the fund for this summit and also the collaborating agencies, Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEv), Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN), and the National Center for Energy Efficiency and Conservation (NCEEC).
~ 19 ~
Appendix 2: Speech by the Honorable Minister of Environment ADDRESS BY MRS. HADIZA IBRAHIM MAILAFIA HONOURABLE MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT AT THE 2 ND NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY SUMMIT ROCKVIEW HOTEL, ABUJA 6-7 NOVEMBER 2012
Protocol
1. It is a great honour and privilege to address you on this occasion of the 2 nd National Energy Efficiency Summit. This event is a component of the GEF-UNDP Project on Promoting Energy Efficiency in Residential and Public Sector in Nigeria, being jointly implemented in a collaborative partnership with UNDP Country office, Federal Ministry of Environment and the Energy Commission of Nigeria.
2. The overall objective of the project is to improve efficiency of a series of end-use equipment such as refrigerators, air conditioners, lighting, electric motors, fans, and heating appliances, etc. used in residential and public buildings in Nigeria.
3. Since inception of the project in May last year, a number of milestones have been achieved. These include training of key stakeholders from the Energy Commission of Nigeria, Manufacturers Association of Nigeria and Hotel Owners Forum Abuja on Imbibing Energy Efficiency Best Practice; Study to assess efficiency of house-hold and office appliances; Commissioned a vendor (Standard Organization of Nigeria-SON) to provide Testing Facility to test energy efficiency in Nigeria; Prepared Draft National Energy Efficiency Policy.
4. The main objectives of this years summit are: To create awareness on the importance and gains of energy efficiency in meeting national development and environmental sustainability; To integrate energy into national policy, strategies and programmes towards achieving the goals of vision 20-20-20
5. Climate Change is one of the greatest threats facing the world today, and is caused mainly due to the emission of greenhouse gases as a result of human activities. A large part of the greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere come from energy generation and use. Reducing the impacts of the use of energy on the environment has been described as one of the key technical, political and moral challenges facing the world today.
6. Energy efficiency measures are cheaper, cleaner and faster to install than any other energy options. Energy efficiency measures have the potential to promote economic development and can lead to job creation and saving of household expenditure. In addition, energy efficiency can play a pivotal role in the mitigation of climate change; this assertion is contained in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which has demonstrated that improved energy efficiency will play a key role in the mitigation of climate change impacts. ~ 20 ~
7. Energy efficiency has become a key driver of sustainable development in many economies in the world. The efficient use of energy leads to saving of personal income of families, reduces the need to build more power stations, enhances more access to energy and frees financial resources for use in other sectors of the economy. In Nigeria today, energy supply is alternated due to insufficient generation capacity and inefficiency in consumption. With good energy management at the residential, public and private sector, there will be no need to alternate electricity supply.
8. Nigeria has been part of the global efforts towards promoting the use of low carbon energy sources as deliberate means of combatting climate change and enhancing environmental sustainability. The Federal Ministry of Environment as the focal point for implementing the Climate Change Convention has been collaborating with other relevant Ministries and Agencies to implement various initiatives aimed at providing low carbon energy sources to the citizenry, particularly renewable energy sources including solar, bio-gas and jathropha, etc. This project will therefore serve to complement governments efforts in this direction. 9. Nigeria is facing challenges in the energy sector with very low generation capacity and a high energy demand due to a large population and industrial development. Also, a significant percentage of the generated energy is lost through poor transmission and distribution infrastructure. More energy is lost due to the wasteful consumption patterns in homes, factories and offices.
10. A large percentage of the energy we generate in Nigeria comes from the burning of fossil fuel (oil and gas). Experts have asserted that Nigeria can save up to half of the energy currently consumed in the country if energy is efficiently utilized. For every kilowatt of electricity we consume, there is an equivalent emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Efficient use of energy can help to reduce the emission of GHGs, reduce the reliance on petroleum to drive our economy and also reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with the generation of energy.
11. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) recognized that access to modern affordable energy services in developing countries is essential for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and sustainable development. In December 2010, the UNGA declared the year 2012 the International Year of Sustainable Energy for all. The UNGA called on the United Nations (UN) Secretary General, in consultation with the UN-Energy programme, to organize and coordinate activities during the Year in order to increase awareness on the importance of addressing energy issues, including modern energy services for all, access to affordable energy, energy efficiency and the sustainability of energy sources and use at local, national, regional and international levels.
12. The UN Secretary General with support from the UN-Energy and the UN Foundation is leading a new global initiative tagged Sustainable Energy for All. This initiative is designed to engage governments, the private sector and civil society organizations globally with the goal of achieving sustainable energy for all and to reach three major objectives by 2030: ensuring universal access to modern energy services; doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency and doubling the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. ~ 21 ~
13. I want to express my gratitude to the UNDP for all their support and efforts in bringing this project to Nigeria; and to call on other organizations from the private sector, NGOs international organizations to throw their support to this project aimed at promoting energy efficiency in Nigeria.
14. It is my honour and privilege to declare this summit open. I also wish you a fruitful deliberation,
Thank you.
~ 22 ~
Appendix 3: Speech by the Honorable Commissioner for Science and Technology, Abia State
~ 23 ~
~ 24 ~
Appendix 4: List of Participants
S/N NAME ORGANIZATION/ADDRESS EMAIL PHONE NO. 1 Engr. Ese Ochoga NSE, 15 Awolowo Rd Ikoyi, Lagos eseochoga@gmail.com 0803 320 8351 2 Engr. M.B. Shehu President Nig. Society for Engineers president@nseng.org 0803 474 0800 3 Engr. Ayo Fanimokun Nat. Chairman Nig. Inst. Of Mechanical Engrs. ayo@nimecheng.org 0802 323 6914 4 ARC. Usen Udoh Nigerian Institute of Architects(NIA) usenudoh4life2000@yahoo.com 0803 549 0104 5 Michael Egwudah Esther SEAN esthercool57@yahoo.com 0806 436 3670 6 ARC (Mrs) Mobolaji Adeniyi Nigerian Institute of Architects(NIA) maassociate32@yahoo.com 0803 501 1037 7 Engr. Olayande Joseph Sunday ECN/NSE josepholayande@yahoo.com 0807 693 2070 8 Engr. Ozele Maxwell NSE Environment Division maxozele@yahoo.co.uk 0802 799 9755 9 Titigbe Onyeka SEAN seandelsuumt@yahoo.com 0703 245 9923 10 Osajiele Agatha Community Research and Development Centre (CREDC) agathaosajiele@yahoo.com 0807 311 8695 11 Engr. Dayo Olugboye Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) dolugboye@nse.org.ng 0805 537 6590 12 Engr. Ogochukwu Okeke NSE - APWEN eugenia91109@yahoo.com 0803 966 5778 13 Igberase Mary Sunday SEAN igberasemary@yahoo.com 0803 260 8214 14 Engr. Ben-Osy Okoh NSE Abuja iykebenosy@yahoo.com 0806 003 7227 15 ARC. Salihu Wanigi Mohammed Nigeria Institute of Architechs smwanigi@yahoo.com 0803 450 6625 16 Osasumwen CREDC mario.oscarg2@yahoo.com 0807 061 3517 17 Ugah Godwin Unimke BAS Associates godwin@renewablenigeria.org 0706 854 1079 18 Edwin E. Usang NGOCE, Calabar, CRS eddyusang61@yahoo.com 0803 450 2456 19 Anthony Akpan J PAVE, Lagos ajakpan@yahoo.com 0803 351 0419 20 Dr. Unachukwu G.O NCERD UNN godwinogechi@yahoo.com 0805 052 5033 21 Tosin V. Apiriola Women & Youth Dev. Iniatives woyodev@yahoo.com 0803 443 8759 22 Marutse N. Ogba Ass. For Waste Recovery and Renewable energy holmesmak@yahoo.com 0803 450 1502 23 Ogbemudia Osamuyi Godfrey Community Research & Development Centre(CREDC) godfrey@credcentre.org 0806 350 5709 24 Dr. Daniel Kwesi Yawson IUCN - KYB Project daniel.yawson@iucn.org 0802 523 8195 25 Harry Ogheneovo Abolo Community Research & Development Centre(CREDC) harrybolo@yahoo.com 0803 489 2559 26 Chike Chikwendu Friends of the Environment c_chikwendu@hotmail.com 0802 318 8059 27 Mrs Foluke Okeya Reachout Foundation reflep@yahoo.com 0806 231 8924 28 Yaura Schiff GIZ laura.schiff@giz.de
~ 25 ~
29 Patrick . A. Chiekwe Foundation for the Conservation of the Earth(FOCONE) senigus@yahoo.com 0806 116 2477
Portharcourt, R/S 30 Dike Victor Atmosphonic Physics Group, Dep. Of Physics. Imo State Uni asldikvin@yahoo.com 0806 880 8091 31 Ifueko Aideyan
Ifuekoaideyan@yahoo.com 0802 222 8370 32 Shunone Henry Kato Foundation for the Conservation of the Earth(FOCONE) soundairmas@gmail 0810 330 3181 33 Hassan Mohammed Hope for the Hopeless hassan@yahoo.com 0706 104 2173 34 Murtala Abdalrahman Abuja Muslim Forum, National Mosque, mabdalrahman@yahoo.com 0803 968 6733 35 Lugard Okonobo Children of the Farmers Club okolug@yahoo.com 0703 848 8642 36 Linda Ikeji Children of the Farmers Club ify4real010@yahoo.com 0818 079 8929 37 Chikezie Ndubuis RCCE, Katsina leassum@yahoo.com 0803 589 2330 38 Iziduh Ruth Africa Youth Environment Initiative (AYEN) ruth9269@yahoo.com 0706 082 8323 39 Purpose O. Iserhien ICWECD 14, Osazuwa St, B/City posaworld@yahoo.com 0803 875 8819 40 Cecilia Eigbedion BADBAB, Lagos ceciliaeigbedion@gmail.com 0813 492 2514 41 Ayogu Juliet R and B Magazine ayoguchinenyejuliet@yahoo.com 0806 935 5705 42 Ifesinachi Obi Children of the Farmers Club
0803 856 4757 43 Angela Okoye Org. for the Sustainee of the Nig. Environment sustaindnig_enot@yahoo.com 0803 229 0333 44 Sanyaolu Oluwakemi Org. for the Sustainee of the Nig. Environment sustaindnig_enot@yahoo.com 0805 851 6877 45 Prince Olawuyi O. Young Volunteers for the Environment, Nigeria yvenigeria@gmail.com 0803 441 3230 46 Steve Akinkumin Young Volunteers for the Environment, Nigeria adesakinsteve@yahoo.com 0807 732 4669 47 Mil Odey Oyama RRDC, Calabar odeyoyama@yahoo.com 0803 503 3824 48 Mohammed Ali Foundation for Development ali4be@yahoo.com 0818 767 9282 49 Abimbola Tiamiyu NASFAT tiabimade@yahoo.com 0806 046 9806 50 Harry Awolayeofor Macmorrison The HAVIDS Centre for Environment and Development thehavids_socialworkers@yahoo.com 0803 342 2651 51 Ekwoyi O. OCHIGBO Dev. Foundation dutse2006@yahoo.com 0706 640 7000 52 Ayo Tella Initiative For Nature and Human Dev. (INHD) ay_tella@yahoo.com
53 Paul Ishaya
dabaneleanz@yahoo.com 0809 562 9692 54 Asimibi Chidi Centre for Development Support Initiatives cedsi2000@yahoo.com 0803 662 9168 55 Etuk Eno Abasi NIMSA - SCOEPA scoepa.ng@gmail.com 0803 779 4575 56 Sani Ibrahim Maryam NIMSA - SCOEPA scoepa.ng@gmail.com 0806 275 1345 ~ 26 ~
57 Mrs Abdulsalam Taiwo Centre for Renewable Energy
58 Michael -Donovan Ezeilo Culture Green michaeldonovan.ezeilo@gmail.com 0807 720 4547 59 Hamzat B. Lawal ICEED/NYCAN/AYICC-Nigeria mails4hamzy@gmail.com 0806 869 9956 60 Olowookere Joseph Reachout Foundation reflepfoundation@yahoo.com 0803 532 3609 61 Yahaya Tonga Greenthinking Environment Dev. yahaya@gmail.com 0803 619 1174 62 Ikechukwu Chiemenem Global Network for Sustainable Env. glorietinfo@yahoo.com 0806 397 0530 63 A. Oyelola, mni LEAD - AWA, Lagos
64 Odele M.O. UNDP, Abuja muyiwa.odele@undp.org 0802 336 1263 65 Ibrahim Bako Centre for Development and Support Initiative raccahibro@yahoo.com 0803 828 3998 66 Collins Centre for Development and Support Initiative collinsnyong@yahoo.com 0806 288 5667 67 Emmanuel Shall Initiative for Community Development eshall@icdngo.org 0703 960 5610 68 Mohammed Abdulraizak AEID, Yola
119 Etiosa Uyigue UNDP etiosa.uyigue@undp.org 0802 897 8877 120 Rev Emmanuel Eguakhide Church of the Pentecost FHA Estate, Lugbe Diocese of Kubwa ministerofgrace@line.com 0803 375 2414 121 Umar Rufai Water and Sewage Muslim Community Life-Camp faturufai@gmail.com 0805 525 2179 122 Umar Mohammad Gekpa Abuja Muslim Forum, National Mosque, umar1422@yahoo.co.uk 0803 553 4808 123 Alhaji Yakubu Adamu Wuse II Life Camp Mosque
0803 763 0172 124 Zuluqami Abdulrahim Wuse II Life Camp Mosque zzuluq@yahoo.com 0805 965 1961 ~ 28 ~
125 Josephine T. Akande Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries Middle Belt Reg. II jtakande@yahoo.com 0802 833 8666 126 Ugah Abines Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries Middle Belt Reg. II simonabines@yahoo.com 0803 966 8700 127 Sunday Akande Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries Middle Belt Reg. II
0805 741 3225 128 Amadi Gloria N CKC Kubwa gloriaheight@yahoo.com 0813 785 5872 129 Ibrahim Ramal Nigeria Association of Arabic and Islamic Studies Teachers FCT kdibrahim@gmail.com 0803 371 8010 130 Aliyu B.Muhammad Area 1 Central Mosque
0803 638 7210 132 Musa Muhammed Jahi Jumarat Mosque
0803 321 7715 133 Apostle Dr Mrs Okafor Mountzion Salvation Church of Christ Global apostleoby@yahoo.com 0803 605 6747 134 Pst Agholor Lucky Mountzion Salvation Church of Christ Global lucky.agholor@yahoo.com 0703 125 9231 135 Mahmud Abdulganiyi Islamic Youth League Kuje abdulganiymahmud@yahoo.com 0805 797 9515 136 Aliyu Sulamai Islamic Youth League
0805 925 9149 137 Dr. Attah Salifu Islamic Youth League attah49@yahoo.com 0705 580 0208 138 Mr. Austin Nahu Christian Men Fellowship ECWA goodnews@gmail.com 0706 552 2233 139 Kefas Y. Hosea ECWA Men's Fellowship hoseayaro@yahoo.com 0806 715 8759 140 Pauline C. Nganyadi Catholic Church CKC. Kubwa chipauls2000@yahoo.com 0803 595 3572 141 Aliyu Usman Central Mosque Life Camp
0703 300 4243 142 Ernest Asare Energy Foundation Ghana easare@ghanaef.org 233 244 320- 671 143 Mike Okwoche TVC Lagos igedeman@yahoo.com 0806 238 0681 144 Engr. Ono Ekong Hotel Owners Forum Abuja Onofiok1950@yahoo.com 0807 620 9989 145 Rabiu Abubakar Practitioners ROYA ababakarrabiu@yahoo.com 0806 222 9792 146 Nkechi Uzoka Raypower FM juliana_uzoka@yahoo.com 0803 315 6147 147 Michael Simire Independent Newspapers msimiree@yahoo.com 0803 714 8384 148 Abolarin Sogo National Centre for Energy Efficiency & Conservation, Lagos sogoabolarin@gmail.com 0802 811 4010 149 Dorcas Igoner AIT, Abuja igonerd@yahoo.com 0809 167 1449 150 Stephen Adebayo AIT stephengola@yahoo.com 0802 544 2920 151 Rotimi Osasona National Mirror tolugood4u@yahoo.com 0805 639 2454 152 Nosa Tokunbor ERA/FOEN Benin City toksnos2002@yahoo.com 0806 344 4687 153 Tunde Adeniyi Business Day teddyade@yahoo.com 0803 678 7108 154 Bankole Olubamise DevNet bolubamise@yahoo.com 0802 660 8087 155 Obadiah Bulus Fed. Minstry of Environment bok4real7@yahoo.com 0806 572 1267 156 Daze Larai FMEN dazelarai@yahoo.com 0803 786 4375 ~ 29 ~
157 Okpotu London Fed. Min. of EMEN london1960@yahoo.com 0805 960 5929 158 Chinedum Uwaegbulor The Guardian neduue@yahoo.com 0803 309 8502 159 Grace Ike ITV preetyapy2k@yahoo.com 0806 016 2802 160 Funana Bidam ITV
0803 162 9706 161 Julius Atoi Thisday juliusatoi@yahoo.com 0803 704 1075 162 Emmanuel Elebeke Vanguard Newspaper emmaelebe@yahoo.com 0802 715 9646 163 Ohunakin O.S. Convenant University ohunakin@yahoo.com 0805 096 1730 164 Aloysius Okeke Nigerian Sentry Newspaper sentry@hotmail.com 0702 667 1440 165 Segun Jones Coastal Telegraph axisjones40@yahoo.com 0809 523 0108 166 Nnebe Alex African Security Watch Mag. nnebea@yahoo.com 0803 588 6218 167 Isaac Okamel ITV, Abuja
0817 039 8200 168 Okungbowa Ose Golden Community Research & Development Centre(CREDC) golden@credcentre.org 0803 849 0387 169 Ahaneku C. Peter NEST chidiahaneku2010@yahoo.com 0802 842 2263 170 Samuel Onyekachi FENRAD fenradnig@yahoo.com 0803 895 5387 171 Williams Mbolo FGC williammboho@yahoo.com 0803 230 6756 172 I.E Abiola-Awe FMEnv iniabiolawe@yahoo.co.uk 0803 445 2959 173 Achimugu A.W Consumer Protection Council williamachimugu@yahoo.com 0805 084 1160 174 Ibezim .I. Stanley ECN ibezimstanley@gmail.com 0806 634 6271 175 Onunyere C. Destiny ECN retings2you@yahoo.com 0706 056 2290 176 Rev. S.B Zaki ECWA Garki ecwachurchgarki@yahoo.com 0803 678 2909 177 Hamisu Gaya CPC khamisugaya@yahoo.com 0803 621 9330 178 Collins Iwuagwu Lin Energy & Tech Services Ltd, Wuse II linenergyservices@yahoo.com 0803 366 5700 179 Femi Adedokun Gloryland IM Ltd. femiadedokun@gmail.com 0808 840 1775 180 Okafor stella No 12 Nyanya Road ngozistelling@yahoo.com 0813 925 3337 181 Wilford Zwaluan The Leberator Newspaper wilzwal@yahoo.com 0818 788 8020 182 Engr. Kalu Okwara Association of Illumination Professionals mcxtykalu@yahoo.com 0703 512 5228 183 Ajeka Makol Vahniss/Gribbs Engineering maknation08@yahoo.com 0812 901 5633 184 Jude O. Akonam CPC, Wuse II ezejude10@yahoo.com 0803 316 3799 185 Usman Ibrahim Lugbe Mosque
194 Awodiran Eniola Corp Member seniola.lois@yahoo.com 0806 041 6006 195 Onuora Ifeanyi Corp Member dandygreggk@yahoo.com 0703 576 8879 196 Kalu Osu John Corp Member kalusonjohn@yahoo.com 0803 860 4933 197 Isaac Galadima Corp Member isaacgaladima@yahoo.com 0803 806 7582 198 Effioanwan Etim Corp Member effyowan@yahoo.com 0806 054 6402 199 Offiong Etim Corp Member offiongoak@yahoo.com 0703 014 6672 200 Akpuaka Uchenna Corp Member ucheakpuaka@yahoo.com 0706 211 8561 201 Oladoyin Busayo Corp Member busayof@yahoo.com 0803 041 9283 202 Ojuolape Mohammed Corp Member mohammed.ojuolap@yahoo.com 0818 987 6627 203 Akila Daniel Corp Member akila_dnl@yahoo.com 0803 080 8261 204 Maduakolam Chibuike . K. Corp Member kenechyks@yahoo.com 0803 961 9100 205 Orem Sunday Corp Member sundayorem@yahoo.com 0703 133 2530 206 Jones Temitope Corp Member temitopejones@yahoo.com 0703 646 2546 207 Dayo Kalejaiye Corp Member dayo2love@yahoo.com 0706 535 3110 208 Anene Somadina C Corp Member somchiz@yahoo.com 0803 958 0467 209 Olubumi Otti Corp Member Ottio@yahoo.com 0803 616 1930 210 Bridget .O. Etim Corp Member bridgeterok@yahoo.com 0803 607 7398 211 Adah Efe Corp Member rayadah@yahoo.com 0809 957 0578 212 Ezeh Ugochukwu .J. Corp Member ugoezeh88@yahoo.com 0703 325 5945 213 Eimoga .O. Kingsley Corp Member eimojakingsley@yahoo.com 0805 415 7051 214 Paul Audu Lakodi Corp Member plakordi@yahoo.com 0816 154 6387 215 Iwuagwu Ifesinachi .J. Corp Member
0706 208 3446 216 Odunna Chinonye .I. Corp Member chinonyeonuoha@yahoo.com 0703 772 2546 217 Atanu .O. Jennifer Corp Member jennybabe4lff@yahoo.com 0813 538 3656 218 Momodu Rose Corp Member
0706 166 9766 219 Okedo Sandra Ogochukwu Corp Member okedosandra@yahoo.com 0818 181 1019 220 Igara Joy Udunna Corp Member cheekyjoy77@yahoo.com 0806 341 3153 221 Dyopkuzah Yusuf . S. Corp Member dyop2004@hotmail 0803 153 0096 222 Peter Eno Akpan Corp Member petflow4me2002@yahoo.com 0807 990 0760 223 Eric Jonathan Corp Member
Optimizing The Exploitation of Natural Energy Resources in Nigeria For Accelerated Socio-Economic Development: Strategies and Opportunities For Investment