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1

1.1

) :
iii) ;
ii) ;
iii) ;
iv) ;
v) ;
) , ,
, , :
11
8
iii) 3
ii)
iii)
5
2
3
iv) 5
v)
vi) 16
2

) i) 1, 2,3, 4,...
ii) ..., 3, 2, 1,0,1, 2,3,...

3 7
8
,
0 . , ,
5 4
1
.
iv) ,
.
2 , 5 , 11 ...

iii)

,
 3,14159...
v) .

295.

8 11
3
) 3, ,
, 5,
, 16 . :
2
2 5
i) 3 , .
8
ii) = 4 .
2
11
.
iii)
5
iv) 5 .
3
. ( ,
2
, .)
vi) 16 = 4 , .

v)

( .)


1.2

:
10
) 3
) 2
)
3

) 0

3, 2 ,

10
0
3

:
10
3

0
|2|

3
|3|

| 10 |
3

, :
) 3 = 3
) 2 = 2
)

10

10 10
=
3
3

0 =0






.

.


1.3

:
) +6 + 9
) 8 + ( 6 )

) +6 +9
(), :
+6 + 9 = + ( 6 + 9 ) = +15

) 8 6
(), :
8 + ( 6 ) = ( 8 + 6 ) = 14

) 8 +12
+12 .
:

) 4 + ( 9 )

) 8 + 12



,
.
,

.

8 + 12 = + (12 8 ) = + 4

) 4 9 9 , :
4 + ( 9 ) = ( 9 4 ) = 5

1.4

:
) ( +3 ) ( +7 )
) ( 4 ) ( 6 )
) ( +6 ) ( 9 )

) +3 +7 ( + + = + ), :
( +3) ( +7 ) = + ( 3 7 ) = +21
) 4 6 ( = + ), :

( 4 ) ( 6 ) = + ( 4 6 ) = +24



,
+.
:
++ = +

295.

) ( 11) 0

= +

11

) +6 9 ( + = ), :
)


,
.
:

( +6 ) ( 9 ) = ( 6 9 ) = 54
( 11) 0 = 0 .

+ =

+ =

:
0 = 0


1.5

:
) ( 37 25 ) 4
) 3 + (17 + 36 )

) 36 42 + 36 58

+ =+

+ ( + ) = ( + ) +

( ) = ( )

+0=

1 =
1
+ ( ) = 0
= 1, 0

( + ) = +

) , :
3 + (17 + 36 ) = ( 3 + 17 ) + 36 = 20 + 36 = 56

) , :

( 37 25) 4 = 37 ( 25 4 ) = 37 100 = 3.700


) , :
36 42 + 36 58 = 36 ( 42 + 58 ) = 36 100 = 3.600

12


1.6

) :
i) 7

ii) 3

iii)

) :
5
i) 13
ii)
iii) 1
21

) i) 7 7 , :
7 + ( 7 ) = 0

:
ii) 3 3.
17
17

.
iii)
6
6
iv) 0 0.
1
, :
) i) 13
13
1 13
13 = = 1
13 13
:

5
21

.
ii)
21
5
iii) 1
1.
iv) 0 () .

17
6

iv) 0
iv) 0


, 0
().
.



, 1
().
0

1
.

1.7

:
) 5 11
) 9 3
) 17 ( 17 )

:
) 5 11 = 5 + ( 11) = (11 5 ) = 6

) 9 3 = 9 + ( 3) = ( 9 + 3) = 12

) 17 ( 17 ) = 17 + 17 = 0

295.



, () (). :

= + ( )

13


1.8

:
) ( 4 ) : ( 12 )

) 9 : ( 6 )

15 5
)
:
4 8

:
1
) ( 4 ) : ( 12 ) = ( 4 ) =
12
4
1
1
= + 4 = + = +
12
3
12
9
3
1
1
) 9 : ( 6 ) = 9 = 9 = =
6
2
6
6
15 5 15 8 15 8 120
)
: = =
=
=6
4 8 4 5 4 5 20
) 5 : 0 , .
9
9 5 45 3
=
=
) 10 =
3
10 3 30 2
5

9
) 10
3
5

) 5 : 0


:
( 0 ),
()
() . :

: =

-
1.9

:
= 12 : ( 4 2 5 ) 2 6 ( 2 ) + 3 ( 5 )

:
= 12 : ( 4 2 5 ) 2 6 ( 2 ) + 3 ( 5 ) =
= 12 : ( 4 10 ) 2 (12 15 ) =
= 12 : ( 6 ) 2 ( 3) =
= 2 + 6 = 4

14

, :
.
.
,

, .


1.10

x=

5
, :
3
A = 8 ( x 3 ) ( 6 2x ) 2 ( x + 2 ) + 5 ( 5 x )


5
x . :
3
A = 8 ( x 3) ( 6 2x ) 2 ( x + 2 ) + 5 ( 5 x ) =
= 8x 24 6 + 2x 2x 4 + 25 5x =
= 8x + 2x 2x 5x 24 6 4 + 25 =

= ( 8 + 2 2 5 ) x 9 = 3x 9

5
, :
3
5
15
A = 3x 9 = 3 9 = 9 = 5 9 = 4
3
3

A = 3x 9 , x =

-
1.11

x + y = 3 , :
A = 3 ( x 2y ) 2 ( x 4y ) ( 3x + 4y )

:
A = 3 ( x 2y ) 2 ( x 4y ) ( 3x + 4y ) =
= 3x 6y 2x + 8y 3x 4y =

= 3x 2x 3x 6y + 8y 4y =

= ( 3 2 3) x + ( 6 + 8 4 ) y =

= 2x 2y = 2 ( x + y ) =

= 2 ( 3) = 6
295.

15

: = 0 , = 0 = 0
1.12 x :

( 2x 6 )(12 + 3x ) = 0

. :

( 2x 6 )(12 + 3x ) = 0


,
( )
. :

2x 6 = 0 12 + 3x = 0

2x = 6 3x = 12

x=

6
12
x=
2
3

= 0 , = 0 = 0

x = 3 x = 4

1.13 :
) 3 + 5
) 8 14
) 16 8

) 7 4
) 21 + 9
) 24 + 24

1.14 :
) 3 6
) 4 ( 7 )
) 5 ( 8 )
) ( 9) ( 4)
) 0 ( 35 )
) ( 7 ) 6
1.15 :
) 12 : 4
) 45 : ( 5 )

) 120 : ( 10 )

16

) 21: 3
) 63: ( 7 )

) 43: ( 43)

1.16 :

3 1
) +
2 2
2
) 1
5
1 1
) 2
2 4

5 7
)
4 2
7
) 2
8
7 8
1
)
10 15

1.17 :

3 4

8 9
7 21
:
)
16 8
32 16
) :
27 9

9 10

5 3
4 16
:
)
15 5
15
) : 3
4

1.18
)
)
)
)
)

:
7 3 1
3 26
5 4 38
12 : 6 5 2
32 : ( 8 ) 16 : ( 2 )

) 35 : ( 7 ) + 45 : ( 9 )

1.19

:
) 3 ( 4 ) 6

) ( 2 ) ( 5 ) 3 6
) 2 ( 5 9 ) 7

) (12 21) : ( 3) 10

) 18 : ( 6 ) ( 3 + 19 )

) ( 7 10 ) 4 15 : ( 5 )

1.20 :
) 3 ( 5 9 ) 1
) 7 2 ( 3 + 8 )
) 5 + 4 ( 2 4 )
) ( 3 11) ( 7 20 )
) 24 : ( 5 7 ) 3 (1 2 )
) ( 7 5 10 ) : ( 4 ) + (1 5 ) : 2
1.21

, :
) 37 21 + 37 79
) 132 56 32 56
) 47 36 47 25 47
) 19 21 19 15 19 6

1.22 :
) ( 4 + 6 ) 8 + ( 7 11)
) ( 8 + 3) ( 9 + 3) ( 5 2 )
) 5 ( 3 + 2 11) ( 2 8 )
) 3 2 ( 3 9 ) ( 4 12 )
) ( 9 20 ) 11 ( 4 15 ) 3
) 8 3 ( 2 7 + 6 ) ( 3 + 6 )
1.23 :
7 3
1
+7 3
8 2
2
3 1 5 1
B = +
4 2 8 4
A=

295.

2
4
1 2 7
= + 1 + 1 4 +
5
3
3 5 8
1
1 7 1

= 2 + 4 + +
3
2 2 5

1.24 :
) ( 33) : 3 + 15 4 + 3 ( 6 ) + 10
1

) ( 14 + 17 ) : ( 3) + 4 3 : 4
2

)
8 3 ( 2 ) ( 7 ) + 3: ( 1)
3 2

) 2 + : ( 5 + 2 )
4 3

5 8 11
) + 1 :
8 6 3

17

1 6
1 3
: ( 4 ) :
7 7
4 4

1.25 :
) 5 + 3 2 1

) 12 : ( 4 2 ) 3 8

) 5 11 : 3 + 19 22 ( 3)
) 2 12 8 3 2 4

1.26 :
9
1
2+
4
= 5
1
1
+2
10
5

1
1+
3
=
1 1 1
1+ +
3 6 9

1
1
1
3
2
=
1
1
1+
1+
2
4

3 9 5
:
5
10 6
=
1 3
1 3 :
2 4

1.27 :

3
1
1 1

= + : ( 2 ) 3 + : 3 +
2
3
4
2


3 1
1 1 : ( 3)
1
2 2

( 2 ) :
=
3
3
1
1+
+ 1 : ( 4 )
2
3
3 1
:
1
1
4 2

= 1 : 1
4 2 4 1 : 1

3 2 3

) ,
.
) .

1.28 :
= 7 3 3 5 + 2 3 3 8 4 4 5 + 3

, ,

1
2

1
.

1.29
:
) = 2 ( 5 ) ( 3 + 2 )

) = 3 ( 4 2 ) 2 ( 3 + 5 )

) = 4 (1 ) 3 ( 3) ( 5 )

1
1
( 3 6 ) ( 5 15)
3
5
-

) =

1.30


x = 1,5 :

18

) = 16 3 ( 2x 3) ( 2x + 3)

) B = 4 ( x 3) 2 ( 7 + x ) + 2

) = 6 ( x 4 ) ( 6 2x ) 2 ( x 10 )

) = 2 5 3 ( x + 2 ) 4 (1 x )

1.31


1
1
x = y = :
2
4
) A = 2 ( x y ) 4 ( x + y ) 2y

) B = x ( 2y + 2x ) ( 3x + 10y )

1.34

) = 2 3 4 ( x y ) 12 ( x y )

:
) = 3 ( + ) + 3 ( + )

) = 3 ( x 2 ) 2 ( 3 4y ) ( x )

1.32

x + y = 3 ,

) = 3 ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 )

) = ( + 2 ) 2 ( + 1)

:
) A = 2x + 4y + 2 ( 2x + y )

) =

) B = 4 ( x y ) 2 ( x 3y )

) = 5 ( x 3) + 2 ( y x ) ( 5 y )
) = 3 ( x + 2y ) ( x 2y )

1.33

+ = 3 + = 4 ,

x y = 2 ,

:
) A = 3 ( 2x 5y ) 2 ( x 6y ) y
) B = ( x 7y ) + 4 ( y 2 )
4 x + 2 ( y )

4 ( ) 2 ( 3 )
3 ( 2 ) ( 8 )

1.35 ,
:
) = 3 ( ) 2 ( 2 )
) = 2 ( 2 + 1) 3 (1 2 )
) = ( + 2 ) 2 ( 2 + )

) = 2 3 ( 2 ) ( 5 )

1.36 :
=

1
1
1
, =
=
10
6
15

) :

= ( 2 3 + ) ( 3 + 2 ) ( 4 )
) :
1 16 1
= : +
9 2

1.37

= 2 ,

,
:
= 3 ( ) 2 ( + )
295.

1.38 x y , :

= 2( x y + ) + ( + 2) 4( x + 2y)

1.39

12,
:

= 4 6 ( 1) 3 ( + 2 )
2 4

1.40
:
1
1
+ 2,5 + 1,5 = 6
2
2

19

) + .

= ( ) :1

) :
= 3 ( ) 2 ( 2 ) +

77
228

1.42 :
6 10x + 2 ( 4x y 3)
A=
3( x ) + 3( y + )

+3 5 ( + 1)

1.41 :

2
3 5 7
3
=2+ +
=
1
4
4 2 3+
2+
5
2
:

= 2 x + + 2y
3

1+

x + y = 2.008 ,
= 2.008 .

:
2 3

1 1
) 1 3
5 10
5 3

1 5 3 7 1 1

) 2 :
2 4 2 8 4 2

1
2 ( 2 6 4) : 4 6 1 1 .
A = 4

1
5
3 2
2
2
) .
) .
2+

) :
4 2 ( 3 ) 3 ( + 1) ( + 3 ) = 1
) + = 3 , :
= 3 ( 2 ) ( 3 5 ) ( 3 6 )

,
16.
) + + .
) :
= 2 ( + 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 4 )

20

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