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Xu Ly So TH
Xu Ly So TH
Chng 8
THIT K B LC S
Ni dung:
8.1 Tng quan v thit k b lc s
8.1.1 Phn loi b lc da vo p ng tn s
8.1.2 Cc c t ca b lc
8.1.3 Cc bc thit k b lc
8.2 Thit k b lc FIR dng phng php ca s
Bi tp
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Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
Chng 8
THIT K B LC S
1 , 0 C
| H d () |=
0 , C <
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Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
hd (n) =
1
2
1
=
2
H d ()e jn d =
1
2
e jn d
e jn C 1 sin nC sin nC
=
=
n
n
jn C
0 , 0 < C
| H d () |=
1 , C
p ng xung:
sin nC
hd (n) = (n)
n
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Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
B lc thng di l tng:
p ng tn s:
0 ;0 < c1 , c 2 <
| H d () |=
1 ; c1 c 2
p ng xung:
B lc chn di l tng:
p ng tn s:
1 ;0 c1 , c 2
| H d () |=
0 ; c1 < < c 2
p ng xung:
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Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
8.1.2 Cc c t b lc s:
Cc tham s ca b lc: di thng, di chn, di chuyn tip, gn di thng,
suy hao di chn.
Xt b lc thng thp:
c t tuyt i (H.a):
P: lch di thng
S: lch di chn
c t tng i (H.b):
RP: gn di thng [dB]
AS: suy hao di chn [dB]
RP = 20 lg(1 p )
AS = 20 lg S
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Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
8.1.2 Cc bc thit k b lc s:
Qu trnh thit k b lc s gm 3 bc:
Xc nh cc c t ca b lc:
Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
h(k ) x(n k )
k =0
Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
Ch nht
Tam gic
Hanning
Hamming
Blackman
5/22/2010
1 ;0 n N
w( n ) =
0 ; otherwise
;0 n N / 2
2n / N
w(n) =
2 2n / N ; N / 2 n N
2 n
;0 n N
; otherwise
2 n
;0 n N
0.54 0.46 cos
w(n) =
N
0
; otherwise
2 n
4 n
+ 0.08 cos
0.42 0.5 cos
w(n) =
N
N
0
;0 n N
; otherwise
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Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
5/22/2010
Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
Xt nh hng ca ca s ln p ng xung:
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
Xt nh hng ca ca s ln p ng tn s:
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
Cc tnh cht ca ca s:
Khi chiu di N tng rng bp chnh gim rng di chuyn tip
gim.
: rng di chuyn tip
N = c
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Loi ca s
rng
di chuyn tip
Ch nht
Tam gic
Hanning
Hamming
Blackman
1.8/N
6.1/N
6.2/N
6.6/N
11/N
21
25
44
53
74
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Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
;0.21
| H () | 0.01
Li gii:
B lc cn thit k l b lc thng thp
c t tuyt i nh hnh bn:
Da vo c t: p = 0.01
s = 0.01
Tm bc ca b lc N:
- Suy hao di chn:
As = 20lgs = 20lg0.01 = -40 dB
Chn ca s Hanning
- rng di chuyn tip:
= s -p = 0.21 - 0.19 = 0.02
- Vi ca s Hanning:
=
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6.2
6.2
6.2
N=
=
= 310
N
0.02
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
2 n
(*)
;0 n N
; otherwise
p ng xung l tng:
s + p
=
= 0.2
sin c (n ) c
2
hd (n ) =
;
(n )
= N = 310 = 155
2
2
Thay vo biu thc (*), ta c p ng xung ca b lc cn thit k l:
h( n) =
0.5cos
;0 n 310
(n 155)
310
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Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
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Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
V d 2:
Cho tn hiu m thanh c ph tn s nm trong khong [0, 20 Khz].Tn hiu c
ly mu tc fs = 40 Khz. Hy thit k b lc s FIR dng phng php
ca s loi b cc thnh phn tn s ln hn 10Khz vi mc suy hao
khng nh hn 50 dB. Gi s rng di chuyn tip l 400Hz.
Li gii:
Bc 1: Xc nh c t ca b lc:
B lc cn thit k l b lc thng thp
vi cc thng s sau:
s =
=
s
fs
2 10Khz
= 0.5
40 Khz
2 400 Hz
=
= 0.02
fs
40 Khz
= s p p = 0.5 0.02
= 0.48 ; As = 50dB
Bc 2: Xc nh p ng xung
Chn loi ca s Hamming w(n)=
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
Bc ca b lc: N =
6.6
6.6
=
= 330
0.02
2 n
0.54
0.46
cos
w(n) =
N
0
(*)
;0 n N
; otherwise
s + p
=
= 0.49
sin c (n ) c
2
hd (n ) =
;
(n )
= N = 330 = 165
2
2
Thay vo biu thc (*), ta c p ng xung ca b lc cn thit k l:
(n 165)
330
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
y ( n ) = h 0 x ( n ) + h1 x ( n 1) + h 2 x ( n 2 ) + ... + h 3 3 0 x ( n 3 3 0 )
S khi v gii thut:
x(n)
h0
0(n)
y(n)
Z-1
1(n)
Vi mi mu d liu ng vo x:
{
h1
0 = x;
Z-1
y = h00+h11+ + h330330;
h2
2(n)
i = i -1;
Z-1
M(n)
For i = 330,329,,1 do
h330
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Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
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THIT K B LC S (tt)
; 0 n N ; = N / 2
w(n) =
I0 [ ]
trong : : tham s nh dng ca s iu khin s dung ha gia rng
bp chnh v bin bp ph.
( x / 2 )k
I0[]: hm Bessel
I 0 [ x] = 1 +
k!
k =1
;
A s 50dB
0.1102( As 8.7)
As 7.95
N=
; As 21dB
(Khi As< 21dB: dng N=1.8/)
2.287
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Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
N=
As 7.95
40 7.95
=
= 224 = N / 2 = 112
2.287 2.287 0.02
p ng xung ca b lc:
h(n) = hd (n ) w(n)
n 112 1/2
I 0 3.4 1
112
sin 0.25 (n 112)
;
=
I 0 [3.4]
(n 112)
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0 n 224
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Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
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Bi ging: X l s tn hiu
Chng 8
THIT K B LC S (tt)
Bi tp:
8.1 Hy v cc c t tuyt i v c t tng i ca b lc s thng cao,
thng di v chn di.
8.2 Cho tn hiu m thanh c ph tn s nm trong khong [0, 20 Khz]. Tn hiu
c ly mu tc fs = 40 Khz. Hy thit k b lc s FIR dng phng php
ca s loi b cc thnh phn tn s trong khong [10Khz -12 Khz] vi mc
suy hao khng nh hn 50 dB. Gi s rng di chuyn tip l 400Hz.
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