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31
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32
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33
tvif;&eH@ *sme,f trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
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trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
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35
tvif;&eH@ *sme,f trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
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&SdcJhonf? okd@aomf armf'efEkdufaZ;&Sif;vrf;a=umif;ay: jyefI zufwufEkdifcJh=uonf?
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westernization rsLd; r[kwfawmhay? pufr_jzpfpOfu taemufY pwifcJhaomfvnf;
ukefvGefcJhonfh q,fpkESpfrsm;wGif ta&SŒtm&Su urBmhwkd;wufr_E_ef; tjrifhqkH;Y &Sdaeyg

36
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OD;aqmifaeonf?
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wGif tar&duefv@l tzG@J tpnf;rSm tjcm;0ifaiGjrifv h @l tzG@J tpnf;rsm;xufyif ¶k;d &m tpOf
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aZ;&Sif; wkd;wufjzpfay:vmygrnf? *sD'DyDwpfOD;csif;0ifaiG jrifhrm;r_u 'Drkdua&pD tvG,f
wul xkwfvkyfay;Ekdifrnfr[kwfay? 0ifaiGjrifhI 'Drkdua&pD jzpfpwrf;qkdv#if ul0dwfESifh
tm&yfapmfbGm;rsm;EkdifiHwkd@rSm 'Drkdua&pDarmf',fvfrsm; jzpfae=uayvdrfhrnf? ‚if;wdk@rSm
armf'ef EkdufaZ;&Sif;jzpfpOfxJ c|if;csufvkdjzpfaeonf?
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wGef;ay;rnfh vlr_a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_tajymif;tvJrsm; ,lvmygonf? todynm vl@
tzGJ@tpnf; knowledge society rsm;rSm ukd,fhbmomawG;ac:EkdifpGrf;&Sdr_ESifh txmus
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37
tvif;&eH@ *sme,f trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
wkd;wuftvkyfjzpfvmzG,f&Sdygonf? wqufxJyif ppfyGJESifh uavuacs usyef; tðytrl
rsm;ukd jynfolu ESpf+cdKufjcif; r&Sdawmhay?

wefzkd;rsm; qef;ppfjcif;

armf'efEkdufaZ;&Sif;u vlxk&JŒurBmhtjrifESifh Ekd;=um;v_yf&Sm;r_wkd@ukd rnfodk@

ajymif;vJEkdifoenf;? vlxk. wefzkd;pHE_ef;xm;r_ESifh oabmxm;tjrifrsm;tay:
wurBmvk;H twkid ;f twmESihf qmaA;aumuf=unfo h nf? 1981 ESihf 2007 ckEpS t
f =um;wGif
The World Values Survey ESifh European Values Study tzGJ@ESpfzGJ@aygif;I
urBmhvlOD;a& (90)&mckdifE_ef; ukd,fpm;ðyEkdifrnfh EkdifiHaygif;rsm;pGmukd ppfwrf;aumuf,l
cJhonf?
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udk azmfjyaeonf? tcsKdŒwkdif;jynfrsm;Y vlxk (95)&mckdifE_ef;u bk&m;ocif God rSm
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ta&;}uD;onf[kqkdonf? tcsKdŒvl@tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif (90)&mckdifE_ef; a,muFsm;rsm;u
rdef;rrsm;xuf tvkyf&cGifh &Sd&rnf[k ,kH=unf=uonf? tcsdK@wGif (8) &mckdifE_ef;uom
tvm;wl awG;ygonf?
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vlxkESifh qif;&Jonfhvl@tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS vlxkt=um; EkdifiHa&;/ bmoma&;/ vlr_a&;
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=um; uGmjcm;ykHrSm 'kdifar;&Sif;ESpfbuf jzpfaeonf? 0ifaiGedrfholrsm;bufu ¶kd;&mtpOf
tvm wG,fzufxm;+yD;/ csrf;omolrsm;u bmoma&;ryg avmuDoufouf qifjcifwkH
w&m;uJonfh wefzkd;rsm;om ukdifxm;=uonf? 0ifaiGedrfholrsm;u &Sifoefa&; survival
omawG;+yD;/ csrf;omolrsm;u rdrdtjrifqENazmfxkwfr_wefzkd;rsm; self- expression
values ukd vufukdifðy=uonf?
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aumif;uifbkHESifh edAŠmefpum; =uyf=uyfajymonf? tm%m&Sdolukd c,0yfwGm;+yD; Zmwd

38
trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
ykn trsK;d om;a&;rme c|ejf rvGe;f onf? wu,fawmh vl@tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wGif acwfrv DS m
+yD; avmuDoef@oef@ qifjcifawG;ac:EkdifpGrf;jrifhygrS t¶kd;pGJp¶kdufvuQ%mrsm; ajymif;vJ
acsc|wfEkdifygrnf?
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vGefvl@tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wkd;wufvmr_ESifh pyfqkdifaeonf? 'DudpPu i,f¶G,fonfhrsKd;quf
rsm;rSm &Sifoef&yfwnfa&; ylyifp&modyfrvkdbJ }uD;jyif;cGifh&vmv#if vGwfvyfpGm
azmfxkwfr_ wefzkd;awGukd tm¶kHus+yD; ,Ofaus;r_ta¶GŒ jzpfvmonf?
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rsm;rSmawmh vGwfvyfpGmajymqkdEkdifr_/ rl0g'qkH;jzwfcsufrSm yg0ifvkdr_/ obm0ywf0ef;usif
umuG,fr_/ usm; r wef;wlnDr#a&;wkd@ukd OD;pm;ay;=uonf? rsKd;EG,fpkvlenf;pk/ EkdifiHjcm;
om;/ rdef;rvsm/ a,muFsm;vsmwkd@tay: onf;cHem;vnfay;zkd@ óud;pm;onf?
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pufr_/ pufr_rS pufr_vGefvl@tzGJ@tpnf;a&mufatmif vrf;a=umif;wnfhay;Ekdif+yD; 'Drkd
u&ufwkdufaZ;&Sif;ukd OD;wnfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf?

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OD;wnfaponfhjzpf&yfrsm;vnf; &Sdygonf?
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uJhodk@yif wkd;wufr_E_ef;jrifhcJhonf? okd@aomf pD;yGm;a&;zGH@òzd;r_ trSefwu,fusdef;aor_
tqifha&mufaev#if/ 'Drkdua&pDu &Sifoefckdif+rJrSmjzpf+yD;/ tm%m&Sifpepfajrmif;xJodk@
xkd;pkdufrnf r[kwfay?
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0ifaiGtv,ftvwf wkdif;jynfrsm; jzpfaeonf? 0ifaiGjrifh wkdif;jynfrsm;uawmh 'Drkd
ua&pD&&Sd cHpm; pHpm;ae=u+yD; jzpfonf? 0ifaiGedrfh wkdif;jynfrsm;rSmawmh tm%m&Sifu
t+rD;qGJxm;vkd@ ¶kef;xGufae&wkef;yif?

39
tvif;&eH@ *sme,f trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
ppfwrf;rsm;t& aumufcsufqGJEkdifonfrSm pD;yGm;a&;zGH@òzd;r_u vlr_ taqmuf
ttkHqkdif&mtajymif;tvJ structural changes ESifh ,Ofaus;r_tajymif;tvJukd
o,fvm+yD; 'Drkdua&pDukd OD;wnfoGm;jcif;jzpfonf[kqkdonf? vlr_taqmufttkH
tajymif;tvJrSm t"du todynmu¾ knowledge sector jrifhrm;vmjcif;yif?
,Ofaus;r_qkdif&mtajymif;tvJwGif txl;ojzifh rdrdqENtjrif azmfxkwfr_wefzkd;rsm;u
tc&musonf?
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acgi;f aqmifyidk ;f wk@d u =oZmv$r;f rk;d wwfonf? ok@d aomf taqmufttkyH idk ;f ESihf ,Ofaus;r_
tajymif;tvJu 'Drkdua&pD ay:xGef;&Sifoefa&;wGif t"dutusqkH; zufwmrsm; jzpfae
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xdxda&mufa&muf 'Drkdua&pD

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40
trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
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onf EkdifiHa&;tifpwDusK;&Sif;wkd@ESifh trsm;}uD;ywfoufqufEG,faeygonf?
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rsm; jzpfae=uonf? ta=umif;rSm vlxktjrifqENtm;aumif;+yD; a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;
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ajymjcif; jzpfaomfvnf; r=umcifu ðyvkyfxm;onfh okawoetcsuftvufrsm;u
vwfvwfqwfqwf axmufcHaejyefonf?

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tvif;&eH@ *sme,f trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf
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tay: =oZmv$r;f rk;d Ekid v f monf? od@k EiS hf armf'efv@l tzG@J tpnf;rsm;Y ,Ofaus;r_ tajymif;
tvJrsm; jrifhwwfvmonf?
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wkdif;jynfrsm;rS vlxkxuf jyifya=umufa&m*g Xenophobia pGJuyfr_ enf;onf?
0ifaiGjrifholrsm;u ‚if;wdk@wkdif;jynf ppfrufðyrSmukd rvkdvm;ay? 0ifaiGedrfholrsm;rSm
xpfueJ&Sd ppfwkduf&ef toifhjzpfaewwfonf?
xdk@tjyif pD;yGm;a&;zGH@òzd;+yD; 'Drkdua&pDrsm;onf EkdifiHtcsif;csif;qufqHa&;wGif
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onf? EkdifiH(80)cef@wGif ppfwrf;,l=unfh&m EkdifiHjcmom;rsm;ukd rdrdtdrfab;wGif rdwfaqG

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trSwf(4)? atmufwdkbmv 2009 ckeSpf tvif;&eH@ *sme,f
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tm%m&Siftpkd;&rsm;ukd csdeJ@apygonf?
avhvmoltrsm;pku w¶kwpf ;D yGm;a&;xºuGvmr_udk vef@ae=uonf? ok@d aomf
xkdodk@wkd;wufr_u a&&SnfY taygif;vuQ%maqmifygvdrfhrnf? w¶kwf. }uD;rm;onfh
Ekid if aH wmf ,E &W m;vufwaH tmufwiG f 'Dru dk &ufwu dk af Z;&Si;f toGijf yifrsm; ay:xGuaf e+yD
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w¶kwfwGifvnf; xkxnfjzifh rdrdtjrifqENazmfxkwfEkdifr_ tqifhjrifhvmae+yD jzpfonf?
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uscH+yD; vlxkaoa=upaw;&ef rnfr# &if;&Jrnfenf;?
w¶kwfESifh tD&ef. wkd;wufºuG,f0r_u tar&duef trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm;
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tar&du u tm;ay;óudqkd&vdrfhrnf? pD;yGm;a&;zGH@òzd;r_ aqmifusOf;&mY tcuftcJrsm;
¹yGef;wD;aeaomfvnf; a&&Snftaygif;vuQ%m aus;Zl;ðyr_rsm; &Sdaernf?
armf'efEkdufaZ;&Sif;u tjrifoabmxm;rwlr_tay: ykdrkdonf;cHr_/ jyify
a=umuf a&m*gavsmhusr_ESifh aemufqkH; 'Drkdu&ufwpf vl@tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; ay:xGuf
vmapvdrfhrnf?
odkufEdkif0if;
Ref: - Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy
- How Development Leads to Democracy (Foreign Affairs)

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