The document discusses morphology, which is the study of the internal structure of words. It defines a morpheme as the smallest meaningful form in a language, while a word is the smallest free form. Morphemes can be free-standing or bound, but words must be free-standing. The document provides examples of morphemes and words in Chinese. It also outlines the four grammatical levels from smallest to largest: morpheme, word, phrase, and sentence. Finally, it discusses using morpheme substitution to test if a character or syllable is a morpheme or not, and provides examples.
The document discusses morphology, which is the study of the internal structure of words. It defines a morpheme as the smallest meaningful form in a language, while a word is the smallest free form. Morphemes can be free-standing or bound, but words must be free-standing. The document provides examples of morphemes and words in Chinese. It also outlines the four grammatical levels from smallest to largest: morpheme, word, phrase, and sentence. Finally, it discusses using morpheme substitution to test if a character or syllable is a morpheme or not, and provides examples.
The document discusses morphology, which is the study of the internal structure of words. It defines a morpheme as the smallest meaningful form in a language, while a word is the smallest free form. Morphemes can be free-standing or bound, but words must be free-standing. The document provides examples of morphemes and words in Chinese. It also outlines the four grammatical levels from smallest to largest: morpheme, word, phrase, and sentence. Finally, it discusses using morpheme substitution to test if a character or syllable is a morpheme or not, and provides examples.
Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words
A morpheme/ is the smallest meaningful form in a language whereas a word is the smallest meaningful free form in a language. In other words, a morpheme can be free or bound while a word must be free. Moreover, a morpheme has a constant shape and meaning (cf. lian2 zi3 lotus seeds vs. lian2 zi curtains)
E.g. books pens men hit eat E.g. M: / C: we one / first
Four grammatical levels: (1) morpheme/ (the smallest), (2) word, (3) phrase/, (4) sentence (the largest)
1 Morpheme Substitution is often used to test whether X (a character or a syllable) is a morpheme or not
1 word = 1 morpheme = two syllables
E.g. roses (cf. curry, trumpets) | ? ? |
E.g. | ? corals ? |
2 Morpheme 1 word = 1 morpheme = 2 syllables
E.g. camels | ? ? |
1 word = 2 morphemes = 2 syllables
E.g. camels hair (cf. coffee C: | camels hump dark coffee light | cats hair coffee color* a cup of coffee)