Sample calculation.

Pure bending.
1.Brass.
L=0.397m
y=0.00009m
R=

/8y
=

/8(0.00009)
=218.9m

M=W(x)
=2(0.15)
=0.3Nm

I=

/12
=

/12
=3.75x

E/R=M/1
E=(M/I)R
=(0.3/3.75x

)(218.9)
=1.7512x

Pa

Equation of the line on the graph, y = 23.811x - 0.0778
Slope= = 23.811

Theoretical value,
E= 105GPa











2.Aluminium.

L=0.397m
y=0.00012m
R=

/8y
=

/8(0.00012)
=164.18m

M=0.3Nm

I=

/12
=

/12
=3.6x

E/R=M/1
E=(M/I)R
=(0.3/3.6x

)(164.18)
=1.3682x

Pa

Equation of the line on the graph,y = 15.998x + 0.0814
Slope= =15.998

Theoretical value,
E=70GPa











3.Mild Steel
L=0.397m
y=0.00012m
R=

/8y
=

/8(0.00012)
=164.18m

M=0.3Nm

I=

/12
=

/12
=1.2348x

E/R=M/1
E=(M/I)R
=(0.3/1.2348x

)(164.18)
=3.99x

Pa

Equation of the line on the graph, y = 16.115x + 0.1367
Slope= =16.115
Theoretical value,
E=200GPa



Errors
There were several errors that happened during the experiment is conducted :
1.The beam already bend and have some deflection before the experiment is done.
2.The gauge is very sensitive since even a little disruption to the beam caused a big deflection to
the reading.
3.The weight is already rusting thus the mass of the weight is not exactly 1N each.
4.Parallax error, the eyes in not parallel to the scale reading.