25 2-4-2011

25 - 2 2011

- 3 .
- , ,

, , ,
, .
- ,
.
- 1
. (, , )
8, .

:
H
.
1 2 .
3 4 min. 2
. ,
, . o 2 M .
- 2 .
2 40.
- = 100
- .
- .
-
.
YIKE
Avogadro, N A, L = 6,022 1023 mol-1
Faraday, F = 96 487 C mol-1
R = 8,314 510 (70) J K-1 mol-1 = 0,082 L atm mol-1 K-1
STP V m = 22,4 L/mol
:=1g/mL
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
K w = 10-14 mol2 L-2 25 C
( ):
H=1
C = 12
Mg = 24
S = 32
Zn = 65,4
Br = 80
Fe = 56
Al = 27
Mn = 55
Cr = 52

O = 16
Cl = 35,5
I = 127
Ti = 48
K = 39

N = 14
Na = 23
Cu = 63,5
F = 19
Ca = 40

25 2-4-2011

1
1. 50 g 200 g , % w/w
:
.50

.25

.20

.75

2. 224LC2S.T.P.:
.10g

.320g

.20g

.160g

3. 1molS.T.P.:
.22,4L

.22,4mL
.18,0mL

.18,0L

4. HCl(g)NaHCO3 (1).
CO22.
21:
.

..

5. , , .
20mL,0,332g
1,2mmHg20C.H
(Mr):
.332,4

.252,6

.252593,4.332,8

6. 1: Ca(NO3)2 0,1 M, 2: C6H12O6 0,1 M, 3:

C12H22O11 0,2 M, 4: KCl 0,1 M,
, ,
:
.4

.3

.1
.2

7. IUPAC(CH3)2CHCH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3)
:
.
3
.
32
.
33
.
1,223

8. ().

25 2-4-2011

296,8kJmol1297,1kJmol1.
:
.+296,8kJmol1.+0,3kJmol1.0,3kJmol1

.297,1kJmol1

9. 1996 C60
.
C6025.937kJmol 1 C2
393,5kJmol1.C60:
.+2.327kJ.+2.327kJmol1.2.327kJmol1 .+2.971kJmol1

10. (24)
.
:
.3,2g24(g).3,2g24(l).6,4g24(g) .6,4g24(l)

11. To
.
:
2PbS(s)+3O2(g)2PbO(s)+2SO2(g)
PbO(s)+C(s)Pb(s)+CO(g)
:
.
PbC(g)
.SPb(l) .SO

.SC

12. k=0,01molL1s1.
:
....

13. : 2A + B
,
,
, ,
.:
.=k[A]2[B] .=k[A]1[B] .=k[A]2[B]2
.=k[A]1[B]1

14. (1, 2, 3, 4) n
:
1:100mL2SO40,5M1
2:150mL2SO40,4M1
3: 100 mL 2SO4 0,5 M 1,
Zn
4: 100 mL 2SO4 0,5 M 2>1,
Zn,:
3

25 2-4-2011

n(s)+2SO4(aq)ZnSO4(aq)+H2(g)
:
:t1<t2<t4<t3:t4<t3<t1<t2:t2<t1<t3<t4:t3=t4<t1<t2

15. PCl5
:PCl5(g)
PCl3(g)+Cl2(g),>.

:
:PCl5:
::Cl2

10
()

16.

,
, ,

:
(g)
2B(g),<0
t5:

8
6
4
2

2
0
t1

t2

t3

t4

t5

t6

t7

t8

:.
:.
:.
:.

17. 1899 L.Mond

(Ni(CO)4)42,2C,:
Ni(s)+4CO(g)
Ni(CO)4(g),=602,9kJ
.:
.200C.
.42,2C.
.42,2C.
.CO.

18. C
SO2(g),2(g)SO3(g):
2SO2(g)+O2(g)
2SO3(g)
4

25 2-4-2011

,

:
.

.SO2(g)2(g)SO3(g)
.
.SO3(g)SO2(g)2(g)
19. : , : , :
, : , : 2, : , :
, :
H2SO4:
:,,,,,,:,,Z

:,,Z,

:B,

=2
=4

=4
=3

20. :
Fe2O3(s)+CO(g)Fe(s)+CO2(g):
.
.

=1
=1

=1
=3

=2
=2

=1
=3

.
.

=1
=2

=2
=3

21. :
2PO43O3POPO34+H2O
CaCO3CaO+CO2
2Mg3N2+6H2O3Mg(OH)2+2NH3
.

.
.

22. "":
.
.
.
.

+
2

23. CH3CH(OH)CH3
:
.+1+2
.1+1
.0+2
.,

24.
COCl2(g)
CO(g)+Cl2(g)Kc
2CO(g)+2Cl2(g)
2COCl2(g)Kc
:
.Kc=Kc

.Kc=(Kc)1/2
.Kc=(Kc)2
.Kc=(Kc)1

25 2-4-2011

25. :(g)+(g)
(g)+(g)
().:
.c=Kp
.+>+ .+<+ .

26. : Cl2(g) + F2(g)

2ClF(g) c=16
2500.0,01molCl2,0,01
molF20,10molClF.,
Cl2:
:0,01mol
:0,02mol:0,008mol:0,05mol

27. ,CaC2:

:
.4,4

.0,0

.1,1

.4,4

28. CH2=CH2,CH3CH=CH2,CHCH,CH3CCH.

CCl4:
.CH2=CH2
.CH3CH=CH2
.CHCH
.CH3CCH

29. HCl C5H10

(50%50%).C5H10:

.
.

30. 1
:
:Br2CCl4:CuCl
:Na

:KMnO4

25 2-4-2011

2
1
, ,
C, 2 mol 2 mol
,:N2O4
2NO2
P1.O,,
P2.
1.1.
mol.
1.2.P1/P2,
P3/P1,P3.
1.3.
<
241,8mol.

.
2
10g(S)
,
,1,.
11,2LNaOH1.
2.1..
2.2.%w/w.

3
4,48 L A C, H
179,2L(20%280%2v/v).

18,0 g
35,2g.152,3L.
3.1.
.
H2O /HgSO4
130oC
3.2.
H2SO4
H2/Ni

H2SO4

CuCl-NH3
E.

STP.

25 2-4-2011

1
1 :
1

13

19

25

14

20

26

15

21

27

10

16

22

28

11

17

23

29

12

18

24

30

ENH EHNN XHMIKN . 210-38 21 524

25 MX (02-04-2011)

E - :

- :
1 :

x 2 =

.......... =

. . . . . . . / 60

2 MEPO:

1. .................. /13
2. .................. /14
3. .................. /13

YNOO:

/40

/100