Thi thử đại học trường PTTH Núi Thành

cos(-) = cos
sin(-) = - sin
tan(-) = - tan
cot(-) = - cot
sin( - ) = sin
cos( - ) = - cos
tan( - ) = - tan
cot( - ) = - cot
sin(
2
- ) = cos, cos(
2
- ) = sin
tan(
2
- ) = cot, cot(
2
- ) = tan
T Ton - Trng THPT Ni Thnh
CHUYN PHNG TRNH LNG GIC
TRONG CC K THI TUYN SINH H - C
Trong thi H C cc nm gn , !"i ton gi#i $h%&ng tr'nh (%)ng gic
(*T+,) (" m-t trong cc !"i ton th%.ng /01n /02t hi3n trong cc thi4 5"i ton n"
6h7ng th0-c trong nh8m cc !"i ton 6h8 trong cc thi n1n ch9 cn $h%&ng $h$ h:c
6hoa h:c h:c sinh c8 th; <t i;m t=i a =i >?i !"i to"n n"4
Trong >i3c gi#i *T+, >i3c t@$ cho h:c sinh nh@n /At m=i B0an h3 cc g8c cCa cc
h"m s= trong *T+, r2t B0an tr:ng >' i0 n" sD giE$ h:c sinh $ FGng c7ng thHc (%)ng
gic h)$ (I4
Trong !"i >iJt n" t7i /in gi?i thi30 cc $h%&ng $h$ gi#i, m-t s= $hA$ !iJn Ki >"
m-t s= 6L nng c& !#n giE$ h:c sinh nh@n F<ng >" >@n FGng cc c7ng thHc (%)ng gic h)$
(M ; gi#i B0Jt t=t !"i ton gi#i $h%&ng tr'nh (%)ng gic trong cc thi H C4
A. C S L THUYT
I . CNG TH!C LNG GIC"
#. C$% &' (&)% *+,-. ./$% %0 12-"
N&3" Cng gc
2 2
sin cos
sin cos NO tan , cot O N sin , cos N
cos sin
x x
x x x x x x
x x
+
P0 raQ
2 2
2 2
N N
N tan ,N cot O tan 4cot N4
cos sin
x x x x
x x
+ +
4. C5-. %6 */7- 859- :;% 1/'("
N&3" Cos i Sin b - Ph cho
;% 1/'("
6hi
6hi
t t
'
t t
'
sin kchn
sin( k ) ;tan( k ) tan
sin khi k l
cos k chn
cos( k ) ;cot( k ) cot
cos khi k l
<. C=-. (&)% %>-."
N&3" Sin !h" sin cos# cos sin
Cos !h" cos cos# sin sin $%& i

sin(a R !) = sina4cos! R cosa4sin!
sin(a - !) = sina4cos! - cosa4sin!
cos(a R !) = cosa4cos! - sina4sin!
cos(a - !) = cosa4cos! R sina4sin!

b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
b a
tan 4 tan N
tan tan
) tan(
tan 4 tan N
tan tan
) tan(
+
+
+
?. C=-. (&)% -&@- :=/"
N&3" S&' r( !) c*ng !h+c c,ng b-ng cch !h(' b b-ng (
2S
A. C=-. (&)% &B 1C%"
N&3" ./c s&' r( !) c*ng !h+c nh0n *i4
+

2 2
1 cos2 1 cos2
cos ,sin
2 2
x x
x x
D. C=-. (&)% 1/E- :F/ (F-. (&G-& (H%&"
N&3" Sin c,ng sin b-ng h(i 12n sin cos3 Sin !r) sin b-ng h(i 12n cos sin
Cos c,ng cos b-ng h(i 12n cos cos3 Cos !r) cos b-ng h(i 12n cos sin
+ +
+ +
+

+ +
+
sin( )
sin sin 2.sin .cos , tan tan
2 2 cos .cos
sin( )
sin sin 2.cos .sin , tan tan
2 2 cos .cos
cos cos 2.cos .cos , cos cos 2.sin .sin
2 2 2 2
a b a b a b
a b a b
a b
a b a b a b
a b a b
a b
a b a b a b a b
a b a b
I. C=-. (&)% 1/E- :F/ (H%& (&G-& (F-."
N&3" S&' r( !) c*ng !h+c !ng !hnh !4ch
+ + 1
]
+ + 1
]
+ 1
]
1
sin .cos sin( ) sin( )
2
1
cos .cos cos( ) cos( )
2
1
sin .sin cos( ) cos( )
2
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
J. C=-. (&)% (H-& (&KL ( M (9- 9"

+ +
2
2 2 2
2 1 2
sin2 ,cos2 ,tan2
1 1 1
t t t
a a a
t t t
Cng thc ny a s hc sinh khng nh c nhng hay dng trong vic gii
!"# n$n c%n &' ( cho hc sinh)
N. C=-. (&)% -&@- 19"

3 3
3
2
si n3 3.sin 4.sin , cos3 4.cos 3.cos
3tan tan
tan3
1 3tan
a a a a a a
a a
a
a
II. CC PHNG PHP GIOI PTLG" ; gi#i !"i ton n" $h%&ng $h$ th%.ng gT$
(" thUc hi3n m-t s= $hA$ !iJn Ki h)$ (I (>' cc c7ng thHc (%)ng gic r2t a F<ng) ; %a
!"i ton >Q
R *T+, c& !#n4
R *T+, th%.ng gT$Q
N4 *h%&ng tr'nh !@c nh2t, !@c hai, !@c !a, V =i >?i hs(g4
24 *h%&ng tr'nh !@c nh2t =i >?i sin0, cos04
W4 *T th0n nh2t !@c hai =i >?i sin0, cos04
X4 *h%&ng tr'nh =i /Hng =i >?i sin0 >" cos04
2Y
sin2a = 2sina4cosa
2
2.tan
tan2
1 tan
a
a
a
cos2a = 24cos
2
a N
= N 24sin
2
a
= cos
2
a sin
2
a
R *h%&ng tr'nh tIch cc *T+, c& !#n, cc *T+, th%.ng gT$4
R H3 cc *T+,Q $hn n" ta th0.ng sZ FGngQ [%a > tKng cc !'nh $h%&ng, nh gi
hoTc F\ng !2t ]ng thHc V^4 Cc nm gn It th2 ra F<ng n" n1n t7i 6h7ng gi?i thi30
trong ch01n n"4
_go"i ra, ta c`n sZ FGng cch Tt an s= $hG h)$ (I ; %a > $h%&ng tr'nh thbo an $hG
8 >" gi#i t'm nghi3m4
P. PQI TRP
I. STT SU PHVP PIN WI THXNG YZNG"
.5 ( 67 PT !4ch h(' 5 r! g8n
N)
2
N sin 2 (sin cos ) x x x + + O
2
N sin 2 (sin cos ) x x x
2)
sin cos
N tan
cos
x x
x
x
t
t ,
cos sin
N cot
sin
x x
x
x
t
t , W)
sin 2
sin cos
2
x
x x
X) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos 2 cos sin cos sin 4 cos sin + x x x x x x x
S) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos / N sin / N sin / 4 N sin / +

( ) ( )
2 2
sin / N cos / N cos/ 4 N cos / +
Y)
2 2
sin / cos / 2
t an/Rcot /
sin /4cos/ sin 2/
+

,
2 2
sin / cos / 2cos2/
t an/ cot /
sin /4cos/ sin 2/

c)
W W
sin cos (sin cos )(N sin 4cos ) x x x x x x + + ,
W W
sin cos (sin cos )(N sin 4cos ) x x x x x x +
d)
X X 2 2
cos sin cos sin cos 2 x x x x x

X X 2 2 2
N N N cos X W N
sin cos N 2sin 4cos N 4sin 2 N 4 4cos X
2 2 2 X X
x
x x x x x x
_
+ +

,

Y Y 2 2 2
W W N cos X S W
sin cos N Wsin 4cos N 4sin 2 N 4 4cos X
X X 2 d d
x
x x x x x x
_
+ +

,
e)
W W W
sin sin 4cos cos 4sin cos
2 2 2
x x x x

_
+ +

,

c c c
cos cos 4cos sin 4sin sin
2 2 2
x x x x

_
+

,
( )
2
sin sin 4cos cos 4sin 4 sin cos
X X X 2
x x x x x

_
+ + +

,
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV4
II. STT SU K[ N\NG NHRN Y]NG THXNG YZNG"
.5 69n $ng c*ng !h+c 1/ng gic h/: 1; 5 gi
fhi gT$ *T+, c8 chHaQ
- [5'nh $h%&ng, 6hc g8c^ ta th%.ng sZ sGng c7ng thHc h< !@c4
- [TIch cc h"m s= (%)ng gic sin >" cos^ ta th%.ng !iJn Ki > tKng4
- [TKng cc h"m s= (%)ng gic sin >" cos^ ta th%.ng !iJn Ki > tIch4
- [,8c g2$ 7i nha0^ ta th%.ng sZ FGng c7ng thHc nhn 7i4
- [Cc g8c Tc !i3t^, gh nh%Q /
X
+ ,
W
2
x

,
c
X
x
ta th%.ng sZ FGng c7ng thHc

c-ng ; !iJn Ki tr%?c4 +%0 M cc cT$ gT$ $hG nha04
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
III. STT SU PQI TON P Y^NG"
2c
PG/ (L$- #" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
2
cos 2 N
cot N sin sin
N tan 2
x
x x x
x
+
+
N&C- _`( " * bi to+n ny ta v,n d-ng c+c .h/. bi0n 1i 2 tr$n 3 a v4 ! t5ch)
HY"
i0 6i3nQ
sin 4cos i x x
>aj tan/ k N
( ) ( )
( )
2
cos 2 N
cot N sin sin
N tan 2
cos sin cos sin
cos sin
sin 4 sin cos
cos sin
sin
cos
x
x x x
x
x x x x
x x
! x x x
x x
x
x
+
+
+
+
+
( )
N
sin cos sin cos i
sin
x x x x
x
_
+

,
sin cos i (N)
N
sin cos i (2)
sin
x x
x x
x

PQ
X
x k
+
PG/ (L$- 4" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
(N sin / cos 2/)sin /
N X
cos /
N tan / 2
_
+ + +

,
+
(l 2iNi)
N&C- _`( " * bi to+n ny ta th6y c7 cha ( )
2
sin 4 sin cos
X 2
x x x
_
+ +

,
v 89'
c7 cha
sin cos
N tan
cos
x x
x
x
+
+ n$n ta .h:n t5ch 3 r;t gn t< v 89' cho =sinx > cosx?)
HY"
i0 6i3nQ cos i x >aj tan/ k N
2
(N sin cos 2 )4 4(sin cos )
N
2
4cos 4cos
sin cos 2
x x x x
! x x
x x
+ + +

+
(N sin cos 2 )4(sin cos )
4cos cos
sin cos
x x x x
x x
x x
+ + +

+
(N sin cos 2 ) N sin cos 2 i x x x x + + +
[,8c 2/ >" N/Q n1n sZ FGng CThHc
nhn 7i^
2
N
2sin sin N i sin N( ) sin
2
c
PQ 2 2 ( )
Y Y
x x x &oai hay x
@ x k hay x k k

+ +
PG/ (L$- <" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
N N c
Xsin
W sin X
sin
2
x
x
x
_
+

_
,

,
(l 2iid)
N&C- _`(" * bi to+n ny ta th6y c7 cha
W
sin
2
x

_

,
v
c
sin
X
x
_

,
n$n ta s<
d-ng cng thc cAng 3 bi0n 1i)
HY"
W W W
sin sin 4cos cos 4sin cos
2 2 2
x x x x

_

,
2d
( )
c c c 2
sin sin 4cos cos 4sin 4 sin cos
X X X 2
x x x x x

_
+

,
i0 6i3nQ
sin i, cos i x x
*T trm th"nhQ
N N N
2 2(sin cos ) i (sin cos ) 2 2 i
sin cos sin 4cos
sin i
X S
PQ , ,
X d d N
sin 2
2
x x x x
x x x x
x
@ x k x k x k
x

_
+ + + + +

,
_
+

+ + +

PG/ (L$- ?" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q

( ) 2 cos sin
N
tan cot 2 cot N
x x
x x x
+
N&C- _`(" * bi to+n ny ta v,n d-ng c+c .h/. bi0n 1i 2 tr$n 3 r;t gn v0 .hiB
2 v0 tr+i c7 cha tanx > cotCx ta bi0n 1i trc)
HY"
Ta c8Q
( ) cos 2
sin 4sin 2 cos 4cos 2 N
tan cot 2
cos 4sin 2 cos 4sin 2 sin 2
x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x x
+
+
i0 6i3nQ sin2/4(tan/ R cot2/) i >" cot/ N
( ) 2 cos sin
N 2
sin 2 24sin cos
N cos sin
2
sin 2 sin
x x
! x x x
x x
x x
T'm nghi3m >" 6Jt h)$ i0 6i3n ta %)cQ ( ) 2

X
x k k
+
PG/ (L$- A" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
cot sin N tan 4 tan X
2
x
x x x
_
+ +

,
N&C- _`(" * bi to+n ny ta 3 ( 2 v0 tr+i c7 cha
N tan 4 tan
2
x
x
_
+

,
ta bi0n 1i
trc)
HY"
Ta c8Q
cos
cos 4cos sin 4sin
N 2
2 2
N tan 4 tan
2 cos
cos 4cos cos 4cos
2 2
x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x x
_
+
,
+
i0 6i3nQ sin/ k i, cos/ k i
2
cot tan X tan X4 tan N i tan 2 W ! x x x x x + + t 4
PQ
( )
arctan 2 W x k t +
PG/ (L$- D" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
(N 2sin /) cos /
W
(N 2sin /)(N sin /)
+
(l 2iie)
N&C- _`(" ?i@n i 6 sA $ng cch gi bFcosx)
( ) cos sin 2 W4 cos 2 sin x x x x
W4sin cos sin 2 W4cos x x x x + + Chia hai v0 cGa ! cho C)
sin sin 2
Y W
x x

_ _
+ +

, ,
PQ
2 W
, 2
Nd W 2
x k x &

+ +
PG/ (L$- I" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
W
sin / cos /sin 2/ W cosW/ 2(cos X/ sin /) + + + (5
2iie)
N&C- _`(" ?i@n i 6 sA $ng cch gi<i PTB (3sinC D b3cosC E c * bi to+n ny
ta th6y c7 cha t5chH cosxFsinCx n$n ta bi0n 1i v4 t1ng v c7 sin
I
x n$n ta s< d-ng cng
thc nh:n ba 3 hE b,c I)
HY"
( )
N W N
sin sinW sin WcosW 2(cos X sin sinW )
2 X X
N W W N
sinW sin WcosW 2cos X sin sinW
2 2 2 2
! x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
+ + + +
+ + +
sinW W cosW 2cos X x x x + !a ch'y3n cng g7c D'a 8At v0 3 a v4
dEng aFsinx > bFcosx)
N W
sinW/ cosW/ cos X/
2 2
+
Chia hai v0 cGa ! cho C)
cos W/ cos X/
Y
_

,
PQ
2
/ 6 , / 62
X2 c Y

+ +
PG/ (L$- J" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
2
24sin 2 sin c N sin x x x + (5 2iic)
N&C- _`(" ?"nh :hFng# Ghc gc !( !hng sA $ng c*ng !h+c hH b9c
HY"
N cos X
24 sin c N sin
2
x
! x x
+
sin c sin cos X i x x x
!1ng ta thJng bi0n 1i v4 t5ch 3 Kt nh:n t<
ch'ng)
2cos X 4sinW/ cos X i x x
cos X i
cos X (2sinW/ N) i
sinW sin
Y
x
x
x

2 S 2
Q , ,
d X Nd W Y W
L" x k x k x k

+ + +
PG/ (L$- N" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
2 2
cos W/ cos2/ cos / i (l 2iiS)
N&C- _`(" ?"nh :hFng# Ghc gc !( !hng sA $ng c*ng !h+c hH b9c
HY ./2/"
2 2
cos W/4cos2/ cos / i
( ) NRcosY/ cos 2
NRcos2/
i
2 2
x

cosY/4cos 2 N x !5ch ta thJng bi0n 1i v4 t1ng)
( )
N
cosd cos X N
2
x x + #7c Mx v NxH n$n s< d-ng cng thc nh:n i)
Wi
2
24cos X cos X W i4 PQ 4
2
x x @ x k

+
PG/ (L$- #a" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
sin 2/ cos2/ Wsin/ cos / N i +
(h 2iNi)
N&C- _`(" >c IC 6 JCB nKn sA $ng c*ng !h+c nh0n *i 5 bi@n i
HY"
2sin 4cos cos 2 Wsin cos N i ! x x x x x +
* :y ta nh78 CFsinxFcosx vi
cosx do
khi nh78 vi IFsinx ta khng gii ti0.
c)
( )
2
cos 4 2sin N 2sin Wsin 2 i x x x x + +

( ) ( ) ( ) cos 4 2sin N 2sin N 4 sin 2 i x x x x + +
( ) ( ) 2sin N cos sin 2 i x x x + +
( )
( )
2sin N i N
S
PQ 2 , 2
Y Y cos sin 2 i 2 ,
x
@ x k x k
x x !OP

+ +
+ +
PG/ (L$- ##" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q

2
S4sin 2 W4(N sin )4 tan x x x (5 2iic)
N&C- _`(" .( 67 cng L,! hL s 1/ng gic * bi to+n ny ta nh,n th6y
cng g7c) n$n s< d-ng c+c h thc &ng gi+c cQ bn v a ! v4 cng 8At h8 s
sinx)
HY"
2 2 2
Ssin/(N sin /) 2(N sin /) = W(N sin/)4sin / !
W 2
2sin /Rsin / Ssin/R2=i
2
( N)(2 W 2) i t t t + (t = sin/)
N
N, , 2
2
t t t
PQ 2 , 2
2 Y
@ x k x k

+ +
PG/ (L$- #4" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q cosW/ cos2/ cos/ N i + (h 2iiY)
N&C- _`(" .( 67 cng L,! hL s 1/ng gic * bi to+n ny ta nh,n th6y
cosIx v cosCx ta 4' ch'y3n c v4 cosx n$n s< d-ng cng thc nh:n ba v cng thc
nh:n i 3 a ! v4 cng 8At h8 s sinx)
HY"
W 2
cosW/ cos2/ cos/ N i
X4cos W4cos 2cos N cos N i x x x x
+
+
W 2
2cos / cos / 2cos/ N i +

2
(2cos N)(cos / N) i x +
N
cos , sin i
2
x x
2
PQ 2 ,
W
@ x k x k
t +
PG/ (L$- #<" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
W
sin 4sin 2 sinW Ycos x x x x +
N&C- _`(" ?i@n i ( 67 PT $HngB
< 4 4 <
9.b/- _ c1.%Lb _.b/-_ c%.%Lb_.b/- _ cd.b/-_ cK.%Lb_ ce.%Lb _ M a
HY"
2 W W
24sin 4cos Wsin Xsin Y4cos i ! x x x x x +
fhi cos/ = i
2
sin N x (6h7ng thna $h%&ng tr'nh)4
fhi cos/ k iQ
Chia 2 >J cho cos
W
/, Tt t = tan/ ta %)cQ
( ) ( )
W 2 2
2 W Y i 2 4 W i t t t t t +
WN
PG/ (L$- #?" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
W W 2 2
sin W cos sin 4cos W4sin 4cos x x x x x x (5
2iid)
N&C- _`(" ?i@n i ( 67 PT $HngB
< 4 4 <
9.b/- _ c1.%Lb _.b/-_ c%.%Lb_.b/- _ cd.b/-_ cK.%Lb_ ce.%Lb _ M a
HY"
fhi cos/ = i
2
sin N x (6h7ng thna $h%&ng tr'nh)4
fhi cos/ k iQ
Chia 2 >J cho cos
W
/, Tt t = tan/ ta %)cQ
W 2
t W W i t t +
2
( W)( N) i t t +
W, N t t t PQ ,
W X
@ x k x k

+ t +
PG/ (L$- #A" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
cos cos cos
W Y X
x x x

_ _ _
+ + + +

, , ,
N&C- _`(" [o !"i n" ta nh@n /At g8cQ W Y
2 X
x x
x

_ _
+ + +

_
, ,
+

,
n1n ta $ FGng
c7ng thHc !iJn Ki tKng th"nh tIch ; !iJn Ki *T
HY"
24cos 4cos cos cos i
X N2 X X
! x x x

_ _ _
+ + +

, , ,
PQ
2
x k
+
PG/ (L$- #D" ,i#i *T+, sa0Q
X X
2
sin cos
cos X
tan 4 tan
X X
x x
x
x x

+
_ _
+

, ,
N&C- _`(" [o !"i n" ta nh@n /At g8c
X
x
+ >"
X
x
$hG nha0, tZ ta sZ FGng cc

$hA$ !iJn Ki th%.ng gT$
HY"
i0 6i3nQ
Ta c8Q
X X 2
x x

_ _
+ +

, ,
n1n
tan cot
X X
x x

_ _
+

, ,
fhi 8Q
2 2
W N
4cos X cos X Xcos X cos X W i
X X
! x x x x +

cos X N
W
cos X
X
x
x

CC PTLG TRONG CC THI ]I HfC Tg 4aa4 N NAY"
I. P/E- :F/ :h :+9 ij k&+0-. (lm-& 1C% 4n 1C% < :o/ i3/ p>( &b*."
N4 (fl2ii2) T'm cc nghi3m th0-c 6ho#ng (iO 2) cCa $h%&ng tr'nhQ
cosW/ R sinW/
S(sin/ R ) os2/ R W
NRsin2/
c P
S
O
W W

24 (hU !p2ii2)
X X
sin cos N N
cot 2
Ssin 2 2 dsin 2
x x
g x
x x
+
PQ
Y
x k
t +
W2
W4 (hU !p2ii2)tg/ R cos/ - cos
2
/ = sin/(N R tg/tg
2
x
) PQ 2 x k
X4 (f52iiW) ) cotg/ - tg/ R Xsin2/ =
2
sin 2x
P / =
W
k
t +
S4 (hU !p2iiW)
2cosX/
cot/ = tan/ R
sin2/
P
W
x k
t +
Y4 (f52iiX) Ssin/
2 = W(N
sin/)tan
2
/4 P
S
2 O 2
Y Y
x k k

+ +
c4 (fl2iiS) cos
2
W/cos2/ - cos
2
/ = i P
2
x k

d4 (fh2iiS) sin
X
/ R cos
X
/ R cos(/-
X
)sin(W/-
X
) -
W
2
= i P
X
x k
+
e4 (fl2iiY)
( )
Y Y
2 os sin sin/cos/
i
2 2sin/
c x x +
P
S
2
X
x k
+
Ni4 (f52iiY)
/
cot/ R sin/(N R tan/tan ) X
2
P
S
O
N2 N2
x k k

+ +
NN4 (fh2iiY ) CosW/ R cos2/
cos/
N = i P
2
2 O
W
x k k
t +
N24 (fl2iNi)
(N sin / cos 2/)sin /
N X
cos /
N tan / 2
_
+ + +

,
+
II. P/E- :F/ :h :+9 ij k&+0-. (lm-& 1C% -&q( :o/ i3/
) ( cos ), ( sin x ' x '
N4fl2iie
(N 2sin /) cos /
W
(N 2sin /)(N sin /)
+
PQ
2
Nd W
+ x k

24f5 2iie
W
sin / cos /sin 2/ WcosW/ 2(cos X/ sin /) + + + PQ/=
c
2
X2
O 2
Y

k k + +
W4fh2iie WcosS/ 2sinW/cos 2/ sin / i PQ / 6
Nd W

O
/ 6
Y 2

X4(f52iid)
W W 2 2
sin W os sin/cos Wsin os/ x c x x xc P
O O
X X W
x k x k k

+ + +
S4(fh)
2
/
sin os W os/ = 2
2 2
x
c c
_
+ +

,
WW
Y4 (hU !p2iiS) T'm nghi3m tr1n 6ho#ng ( ) iO
cCa $t
2 2
W
Xsin W os2/ = N R 2cos / -
2 X
x
c
_

,
P
S Nc S
O O
Nd Nd Y

c4 (hU !p2ii2) Cho $t
2sin/ R cos/ R N
sin/ - 2cos/ R W
a (q)
a4 ,i#i $t (q) 6hi a =
N
W
!4 T'm a ; $t (q) c8 nghi3m4 P
N
O 2
X 2
x k a
+
III. P/E- :F/n -&6pn :;( -&@- (r %&5-. :h :+9 ij k&+0-. (lm-& (H%&"
N4 (f52ii2) sin
2
W/ - cos
2
X/ = sin
2
S/ - cos
2
Y/ P O
e 2
k k
x x

24(fl2iiW) cotg/ - N =
2
N
cos x
tgx +
R sin
2
/ -
N
2
sin2/ P
X
x k
+
WQ (fh2iiW)
2 2 2
sin tan os i
2 X 2
x x
x c
_

,
P
2 O
X
x k k
+ +
X4(hU !p2iiW) W - tg/(tg/ R 2sin/) R Ycos/ = i P
W
x k
t +
S4(hU !p2iiW) cos2/ R cos/(2tg
2
/ - N) = 2 P
2 O 2
W
x k k
+ t +
Y4( fh2iiX) (2cos/
N)(2sin/ R cos/) = sin2/
sin/ P
2 O
W X
x k k

t + +
c4 (f52iiS) N R sin/ R cos/ R sin2/ R cos2/ = i P
2
2 O
W X
x k k

t + +
d4(fl2iic) (N R sin
2
/)cos/ R (N R cos
2
/)sin/ = N R sin2/ P
O 2 O 2
X 2
x k x k k

+ +
e4 (f52iic) 2sin
2
2/ R sinc/
N = sin/
Ni4(fl2iid)
N N c
Xsin( )
W
sin/ X
sin( )
2
x
x
P
S
O O
X d d
x k x k k

+ + +
NN4(f52iid)
W W 2 2
sin W os sin/cos Wsin os/ x c x x xc P
O O
X X W
x k x k k

+ + +
WX
N24 (fh2iid) 2sin/(N R cos2/) R sin2/ = N R 2cos/ P
2
2 O
W X
x k k

t + +
NW4 f52iNi (sin 2/ R cos 2/) cos/ R 2cos2/ sin / = i / =
X 2
k

+ (6 r)
NX4 fh2iNi sin 2 cos 2 Wsin cos N i x x x x + P
2
Y
k x +

2
Y
S
k x +
NS4 fl2iNN
2
N sin 2 cos 2
2 sin sin 2
N cot
x x
x x
x
+ +
+
PQ
k x +
2
,

2
X
k x +
NY4 f52iNN sin 2 cos sin cos cos 2 sin cos x x x x x x x + + + PQ

2
2
k x +
W
2
W
k
x +
Nc4 fh2iNN
sin2/ 2cos / sin / N
i
tan / W
+
+
PQ
2
W
k x +
Tr1n (" m-t s7 $h%&ng $h$, m-t s= $hA$ !iJn Ki >" m-t s= 6L nng th%.ng sZ FGng
trong >i3c gi#i *T+,, 6h7ng c8 6L nng ha $h%&ng $h$ n"o (" t0Jt =i4 s0=n gi#i t=t
cc !"i t@$ F<ng n" h:c sinh $h#i ntm >ung 6iJn thHc (%)ng gic >" gi#i nhi0 !"i t@$ ;
tU rEt ra 6inh nghi3m ri1ng cho !#n thn m'nh4
WS
CHUYN HNH HfC KHNG GIAN
TRONG K THI TUYN SINH ]I HfC
A. PQI TON TsNH TH TsCH KHUI A YItN"
I. C0 bu *v (&5wE( %x- -yp"
R Th; tIch 6h=i ch8$Q g =
h R4
W
N
(PQ Fi3n tIch , hQ chi0 cao)
R Th; tIch 6h=i h-$Q g = a4!4c (a,!,cQ - F"i !a c<nh)
R Th; tIch 6h=i (ng trGQ g = P4h (PQ Fi3n tIch , hQ chi0 cao)
II. C$% dB-. (L$- ij (H-& (&h (H%&"
=oHi JB T4nh !h5 !4ch b-ng cch sA $ng !rMc !i@: cc c*ng !h+c !on3
R vc pnh chi0 cao cCa 6h=i a Fi3n cn tInh th; tIch (FUa >"o cc pnh (I B0an h3 >07ng
g8c w !iJtQ pnh (I W %.ng >07ng g8c, pnh (I 6 %.ng th]ng >07ng g8c mTt $h]ng V)
R T'm Fi3n tIch !xng cc c7ng thHc B0bn !iJt4
zH d{"
Cho h'nh ch8$ Pl5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh thang >07ng t" h, c8 l5=lh=2aO
Ch=a4 g8c giua 2 mTt $h]ng (PC5) >" (l5Ch) !xng
i
Yi
4 ,:i y (" tr0ng i;m lh !iJt 2
mTt $h]ng (P5y) >" (PCy) c\ng >07ng g8c >?i (l5Ch)4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ Pl5Chz
G/2/"
g' 2 mTt $h]ng (P5y) >" (PCy) c\ng >07ng g8c >?i (l5Ch) m" (P5y) >" (PCy) c8 giao
t0Jn (" Py (" %.ng cao4 f{ yH >07ng g8c >?i 5C ta c8 g8c t<o !mi mTt $h]ng (P5C) >"
(l5Ch) ("
i
PHy Yi =
4 T| 8 ta tInh %)cQ
yC a 2O y5 5C a S = = =
2
l5Ch
N
P lh(l5 Ch) Wa
2
= + = n1n
y5C
2P W W
yH a
5C S
= = 4 T| 8
W
Pl5Ch
W NS
g a
S
=
Cc !"i ton c\ng F<ngQ H l-2iieO H 5-2iieO H h-2iieO H l-2iicO H 5-2iiY
=oHi IB T4nh !h5 !4ch b-ng cch sA $ng c*ng !h+c !N s !h5 !4ch hoOc :h0n chi( Ghi (
$iPn !hnh cc Ghi ( $iPn Fn gi<n hFn3
R *hn chia 6h=i a Fi3n th"nh tKng hoTc hi30 cc 6h=i c& !#n ( h'nh ch8$ hoTc h'nh (ng
trG) m" cc 6h=i n" F} tInh h&n4
R HoTc so snh th; tIch 6h=i cn tInh >?i m-t 6h=i a Fi3n 6hc w !iJt tr%?c th; tIch4
g?i (o
zH d{ $k d{-."
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4l5Ch c8 (" h'nh thoi c<nh a,
i
5lh Yi =
, Pl >07ng g8c >?i
(l5Ch), Pl=a4 ,:i C~ (" tr0ng i;m PC, mTt $h]ng (*) i B0a lC song song >?i 5h ctt
cc c<nh P5, PC cCa h'nh ch8$ t" P ctt nha0 t?i 5h ctt Ph t<i 5~, C~ (" 2 giao
i;m cn t'm4
Ta c8Q
W
2 ~ ~
O
2
N ~

RS
RS
RU
RU
RC
RC
h} th2
g
P4l5~C~h~
= 2g
P4l5~C~
O g
P4l5Ch
= 2g
P4l5C

W
N ~
4
~
4
4
~ ~ 4
4
~ ~ ~ 4

RC
RC
RS
RS
RT
RT
O
O
O
O
TSC R
C TS R
TSCU R
U C TS R
Ta c8
W
Pl5Ch l5Ch
N N N W W
g Pl4P Pl4lh4l54sin hl5 a4a4a4 a 4
W W W 2 Y
= = = =
W
~ ~ ~ 4
Nd
W
a O
U C TS R

?i !on !Fng !MB
Cho h'nh ch8$ Pl5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh chu nh@t l5=a, lh=2a, c<nh Pl >07ng g8c
>?i , c<nh P5 h)$ >?i m-t g8c
i
Yi
4 Tr1n c<nh Pl (2 s sao cho
a W
ls
W
= 4
sTt $h]ng 5Cs ctt hP t<i _4 tInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ P5Cs_4
Cc !"i ton c\ng F<ngQ H l-2iiXO H h-2iiYO H l-2iiW
=oHi SB T4nh !h5 !4ch Ghi ( $iPn b-ng :h: !4nh !8( , !rong Gh*ng gi(n3
zH d{" Cho h'nh ch8$ Pl5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh chu nh@t l5=a,
lh a 2 =
, Pl =a
>" Pl >07ng g8c >?i mTt $h]ng (l5Ch)4 ,:i s >" _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa lh >"
PC, y (" giao i;m cCa 5s >" lC4 T'm th; tIch 6h=i tH Fi3n l_y54
G/2/" hUng h3 trGc t:a - l/ >?i g=c l
Wc
Trong h3 trGc t:a - n", ta c8
l(iOiOi)O h(a 2OiOi)
5(iOaOi)OC(a 2OaOi)OP(iOiOa)
fhi 8 ta c8
VS WV VS WV
2
N
2
N

,:i
i i i
y (/ O O ) =
4 h} th2
i
=i >"
'

) (
2
N
i
) i (
2
N
2
2
i i
i i
y a y
x
a
x

i i i
a W a
/ O O i
2 W
= = = _h% >@
a W a
y ( O Oi)
2 W
=
Ta c8Q
,
_
,
_
,
_

2
O
Y
O
Y
2
O
2
O
2
O
2
2
O
2
O
2
O
2
W a a a
PV
a a a
PS
a a a
PT
T| 8Q
[ ]

,
_

2
2
O i O
2
,
2 2
a a
PS PT
g' >@Q [ ]
WY
2
4 ,
Y
N
W
a
PV PS PT O
TPVS

Cc !"i ton c\ng F<ngQ H l-2iiWO H l-2iiXO H 5-2iiYO H h-2iie
Cc $Hng !on GhcB
_go"i cc F<ng th%.ng gT$ n10 tr1n, c`n c8 F<ng ton PZ FGng $h%&ng $h$ th;
tIch ; t'm 6ho#ng cch
Cc !"i ton > th; tIch 6h=i a Fi3n c8 6Jt h)$ >?i >i3c t'm ,T+_, __
Cc !"i ton > so snh th; tIch4
zH d{"
Cho h'nh ch8$ 0 P4l5C c8 c<nh !xng a, %.ng cao h'nh ch8$ !xng a W 4
sTt $h]ng (*) B0a c<nh 5C >" >07ng g8c >?i c<nh
!1n Pl chia 6h=i ch8$ P4l5C th"nh hai $hn4 TInh t9 s=
th; tIch cCa hai $hn 84
H+3-. d|- ./2/"
g' P4l5C (" h'nh ch8$ 0 n1n chn %.ng cao H cCa
cCa h'nh ch8$ (" tm tam gic 0 l5C4 Ta c8 lH ctt
5C t" 5CPl4 H< 5_ >07ng
g8c >?i Pl s0 ra Pl (5C_), s0 ra tam gic 5C_ ("
thiJt Fi3n m" m$(*) ctt h'nh ch8$ P4l5C4
Wd
P
_
l
5
C
s H
g' thiJt Fi3n chia 6h=i ch8$ P4l5C th"nh hai 6h=i tH Fi3n c8 ch0ng (5C_) n1n t9 s=
th; tIch !xng t9 s= hai %.ng cao l_P_4
g' RTX WTP n1nQ
2i
W
W
Ni
2
W
4
W
W
4 4
2
2 2 2

+

a
a a
TX RX
TW TX
RT
TW TX
RT
TP
g@ t9 s= th; tIch ("Q
Nc
W
RPSC
TPSC
O
O
hoTc
W
Nc
TPSC
RPSC
O
O
III. S>( bo 1G/ (Ck %}-. dB-."
C@5 #. Cho 6h=i ch8$ Pl5Ch c8 mTt !1n Plh >07ng g8c (l5Ch), g8c t<o !mi PC >"
(l5Ch) (" Yi
i
, g8c t<o !mi (PCh) >" (l5Ch) (" XSi, (" h'nh thang cn c8 2 c<nh
(" a, 2aO c<nh !1n !xng a4 ,:i *, (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa Ph,5C4T'm g8c t<o !mi *
>" mTt $h]ng (l5Ch)4TInh g 6h=i ch8$z
HhQ f{ PH >07ng g8c >?i lh th' PH (" %.ng cao(PC,(l5Ch))= RCXO
(RW, TSCU)) = XWR) , >?i s (" chn %.ng cao 6{ t| H (1n Ch4 T| * h< *f >07ng g8c
>?i lh ta c8 (Y, (TSCU)) = YL
C@5 4. Cho h'nh ch8$ Pl5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh thoi c<nh a, STU = Yii , Pl >07ng
g8c >?i (l5Ch), Pl=a4 ,:i C (" tr0ng i;m PC, mTt $h]ng (*) i B0a lC song song
>?i 5h ctt cc c<nh P5, Ph cCa h'nh ch8$ t07ng c<nh a4 Pl(l5Ch)O Pl=2a4 ,:i ,
(" h'nh chiJ0 cCa l tr1n P5 >" Ph4 y (" giao i;m cCa PC >" (l)4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i
ch8$ Ply4
PQ g =
XS
NY
W
a
C@5 ?. Cho (ng trG Hng l5ClN5NCN (" tam gic 04 sTt $h]ng (lN5C) t<o >?i
N g8c Wii >" tam gic lN5C c8 Fi3n tIch !xng d4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG4
PQ g = d W
C@5 A. fh=i (ng trG l5ClN5NCN c8 (" tam gic >07ng cn, c<nh h0n l5= 2 4
sTt $h]ng (llN5) >07ng g8c >?i mTt $h]ng (l5C), llN= W O g8c lNl5 nh:n, g8c
t<o !mi (lNlC) >" mTt $h]ng (l5C) !xng Yi
i
4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG4
PQ g =
Ni
S W
C@5 D~ fh=i (ng trG tH gic 0 l5Ch4lN5NCNhN c8 6ho#ng cch giua 2 %.ng th]ng
l5 >" lNh !xng 2, - F"i %.ng chAo mTt !1n !xng S4
a) H< lH lNh (f th0-c lNh)4 ChHng minh rxng lf=24
!) TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG l5ChlN5NCNhN4
PQ !) g = 2i S
C@5 I. Cho h'nh ch8$ tam gic Pl5C c8 l5C (" tam gic 0 c<nh a, Pl=2a >" Pl
>07ng g8c >?i mTt $h]ng (l5C)4 ,:i s >" _ (n (%)t (" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa l tr1n
cc %.ng th]ng P5 >" PC
a) TInh 6ho#ng cch t | l Jn mTt $h]ng (P5C)
!) TInh th; tIch cCa 6h=i ch8$ l5Cs_4
PQ a) F =
Ne
Sc 2 a
O !) g =
Si
W W
W
a
P. PQI TON z KHUI NNn KHUI TR^"
I. K/E- (&)% %0 12-"
We
#. S;( -6-n &m-& -6- iG &o/ -6-"
c Th; tIchQ g =
h Z
2
W
N
R hi3n tIch /0ng B0anhQ P

/B
= Z&
R hi3n tIch to"n $hnQP
t$
=
2
Z Z& +
Q !n 6Inh , hQ chi0 cao, (Q %.ng sinh
4. S;( (l{n &m-& (l{ iG &o/ (l{"
R Th; tIchQ g = h Z
2
R hi3n tIch /0ng B0anhQ P

/B
= Zh 2
R hi3n tIch to"n $hnQP
t$
=
2
2 Z Zh +
Q 5n 6Inh , hQ chi0 cao
<. C& v"
R Ctt mTt n8n !mi m-t mTt $h]ng i B0a 9nh ta %)c thiJt Fi3n (" m-t tam gic cn4
R Ctt mTt n8n !mi m-t mTt $h]ng >07ng g8c >?i trGc ta %)c thiJt Fi3n (" m-t h'nh tr`n4
R Ctt mTt trG !mi m-t mTt $h]ng song song hoTc chHa trGc ta %)c thiJt Fi3n (" m-t h'nh
chu nh@t4
R Ctt mTt trG !mi m-t mTt $h]ng >07ng g8c >?i trGc ta %)c thiJt Fi3n (" m-t h'nh tr`n4
II. PG/ (Ck iC- d{-."
PG/ #. Cho h'nh (ng trG (Gc gic 0 l5Ch4l~5~C~h~~~ c<nh !xng a, chi0 cao
!xng h4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i trG n-i tiJ$ h'nh (ng trG4
PQ g =
h a
2
X
W
PG/ 4. Cho h'nh trGc c8 trGc

N
2
4 s-t mTt $h]ng song song >?i trGc ctt h'nh trG thbo thiJt
Fi3n F3n (" h'nh chu nh@t l5Ch4 ,:i (" tm cCa thiJt Fi3n 8, !n 6Inh %.ng tr`n
ngo" !n 6Inh 0 !xng a s, _ (" hai i;m (2 tr1n hai
%.ng tr`n sao cho s_ t<o >?i trGc cCa h'nh trG m-t g8c
4 TInh 6ho#ng cch t|

trGc cCa h'nh trGc Jn %.ng th]ng s_4
PQ a) F =
2
tan X
2

a
O
PG/ ?. s-t h'nh trG c8 !n 6Inh >" chi0 cao W Z 4 l >" 5 (" hai i;m tr1n hai %.ng
tr`n sao cho g8c t<o !mi l5 >" trGc cCa h'nh trG !xng Wi
i
4
a) TInh Fi3n tIch cCa thiJt Fi3n B0a l >" song song >?i trGc cCa h'nh trG4
!) TInh g8c giua hai !n 6Inh B0a l >" 54
c) hUng >" tInh - F"i o<n >07ng g8c ch0ng cCa l5 >" trGc cCa h'nh trG4
PQa) P = W
2
Z , !)
i
Yi
c) hUng %.ng th]ng B0a H >" song song ~ ctt l5 t07ng g8c ch0ng $h#i FUng, y =
2
W Z
PG/ A. Cho m-t h'nh trG tr`n /oa (" %.ng tr`n () >" (~) c8 !n 6Inh !xng W &n >p,
chi0 cao cCa h'nh trG (" X &n >p4 ,:i l5 (" m-t %.ng 6Inh c= pnh cCa ()4 s (" m-t
i;m (%0 -ng tr1n (~)4 ,:i sC (" %.ng sinh B0a C, C m tr1n %.ng tr`n ()4 f{ HC
>07ng g8c >?i l5 >" Tt lH = /4
a) ChHng minh rxng tKng s= !'nh $h%&ng cc c<nh cCa h'nh ch8$ sl5C (" m-t hxng s=4
!) TInh sH thbo /4
c) pnh >p trI cCa s ; Fi3n tIch P cCa tam gic sl5 <t cUc <i4
F) TInh th; tIch g cCa h'nh ch8$ sl5C4 ChHng minh rxng g cUc ?i , s (" i;m m" %.ng sinh sC i B0a i;m chInh giua C cCa c0ng l54
(F\ng $h%&ng $h$ thp)O X4 g =
) Y ( X x x
, g cUc " g8c giua %.ng sinh >" ("
4
a) TInh Fi3n tIch /0ng B0anh >" th; tIch 6h=i n8n4
!) ,:i y (" i;m tr1n %.ng cao P cCa h'nh n8n sao cho
( ) N i , < < k k
R[
RV
4 TInh Fi3n
tIch cCa thiJt Fi3n B0a y >" >07ng g8c >?i trGc4
PQ a) P
/B
= cos
2
& O !) P
thiJt Fi3n
=
2 2 2
cos & k
PG/ I. Cho h'nh n8n c8 %.ng cao P = h >" !n 6Inh !xng 4 ,:i s (" i;m tr1n
o<n P, Tt s = / (i / h)4
a) TInh Fi3n tIch cCa thiJt Fi3n (T) >07ng g8c >?i trGc t" (T)4 vc pnh / sao cho g <t gi trp (?n
nh2t4
PQ a) P
(T)
=
2
2
2
) ( x h
h
Z
O !) g = x x h
h
Z
2
2
2
) (
W
N
, g <t ,T+_ 6hi / =
W
h

(h\ng 5T c7si cho W s=)
C. PQI TON z KHOONG CCH"
I. C$% dB-. (L$- ij &L2-. %$%&"
#.K&L2-. %$%& ( # :/hp S :E- # p;( k&-.
( )
"
cP+3%#" Chon m$(
) chHa ( B0a ) s >" i5=-. .6% >?i

( )
cP+3%4" T'm giao t0Jn F cCa m$
( )
>" m$(
)
cP+3%<" hUng sH F t<i H
sH
( )
sH =
( ) ) ( , W d
X\nh v] 8inh haH
d
H
S
44 K&L2-. %$%& ./r9 :+-. (&-. iG p;( k&-. bL-. bL-. i3/ :+-. (&-. :6"
?-ng Gho<ng cch !) L,! i5L b%! GT !rKn ng !hUng @n LO! :hUng

<4 K&L2-. %$%& ./9 &9/ p;( k&-. bL-. bL-."
?-ng Gho<ng cch !) L,! i5L b%! GT !rong LO! :hUng n' @n LO! :hUng Gi( VhoOc
ng/c 1HiW
XN

?. K&L2-. %$%& ./9 &9/ :+-. (&-. %&`L -&95"
qP&+0-. k&$k #Q _1n F\ng trong tr%.ng h)$ 2 %.ng th]ng %&`L -&95 >" i5=-. .6%
>?i nha04
hUng o<n >07ng g8c ch0ng

1
9
H
O
[X b a d ) O (
qP&+0-. k&$k 4" ; tInh 6ho#ng cch giua hai %.ng th]ng a >" ! chAo nha0 ("m cc
!%?c sa0Q
R5%?cNQ T'm m$
( )
chHa ! >" m$
( )
a
R5%?c2Q
WX W d a d b a d )) ( , ( )) ( , ( ) , (

H
S
1
9
qP&+0-. k&$k <" ; tInh 6ho#ng cch giua hai %.ng th]ng a >" ! chAo nha0 ("m cc
!%?c sa0
R5%?cNQ T'm m$
( )
chHa a >" m$
( )
chHa ! m" m$
( )
m$
( )
R5%?c2Q
WP W d d b a d )) ( , ( )) ( ), (( ) , (

N
S
1
9
qP&+0-. k&$k ?" ; tInh 6ho#ng cch giua hai %.ng th]ng a >" ! chAo nha0 ("m cc
!%?c sa0
R5%?cNQ T'm m$
( )
i5=-. .6% a >" ctt a t07ng g8c ch0ng cCa a >" !
X2

N
S
H
O 1
1
9
=& ; c2n !hi@!Q
N4 ; tInh 6ho#ng cch t| s Jn m$
( )
ta c8 th; ("m nh% sa0Q
R T'm m-t %.ng th]ng a B0a s m" a m$
( )
R Ch:n m-t i;m _ tr1n a (thIch h)$ >?i gi# thiJt !"i ton) , tInh 6ho#ng cch t| _ Jn
m$
( )
R fhi 8O
)) ( , ( )) ( , ( )) ( , ( a d P d W d

24 ; tInh 6ho#ng cch t| s Jn m$
( )
ta c8 th; ("m nh% sa0Q
R T'm m-t %.ng th]ng a B0a s m" a ctt m$
( )
t?i gi# thiJt !"i ton) , tInh 6ho#ng cch t| Jn
m$
( )
R fhi 8, tInh t9 s=Q
V[
k
VW
, s0 ra %)c Q
~
~
[[
k
WW

~
N
~ WW
k

)) ( , ( 4
N
)) ( , ( [ d
k
8 d

S
O
I
S
O
II. PQI TRP"
PQI #" Cho h'nh ch8$ J0 Pl5C c8 c<nh !xng a >" c<nh !1n !xng a
2
, %.ng cao
(" P4 ,:i s >" _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa l5 >" 5C
aChHng minh rxng (P5C) (Pl_) >" tInh - F"i P
! TInh 6ho#ng cch t| Jn (P5C)
cTInh 6ho#ng cch giZa 2 %.ng th]ng l5 >" PC
FTInh 6ho#ng cch t| s Jn (Pl_)
bTInh 6ho#ng cch giua 2 %.ng th]ng sC >" Pl
XW
_
P
K
I
H
O
N
S
C
P
A
S
GI
aCh:n %.ng 5C chHng minh >07ng g8c >?i (Pl_) s0 ra (P5C) >07ng g8c >?i (Pl_)
qTInh P Q vAt tam gic >07ng PC t" (%0 MQ tam gic l5C 0 n1n ta c8
W 2 W
O
2 W W W
a
WC a [C WC a
!Ta chia ("m W !%?c cho F} hi;0Q
R Ch:n m$(Pl_) chHa , ta c8Q(P5C) (Pl_) (chHng minh tr1n)
RTa c8Q(P5C)
(Pl_) =P_
R hUng H >07ng g8c >?i P_ t07ng P_ t07ng g8c >?i PC t07ng g8c ch0ng
R vAt tam gic PsC c8 2 %.ng caoQ P >" sf , s0 raQsf4PC=P4sC
sf = z
F R Ch:n m$(l5C) chHa s, ta c8Q (l5C) (Pl_) ( >' P (l5C)
R(l5C)
(Pl_) =l_
RhUngQ sy l_ t" l/ l5,gi# sZ l/ ctt 5C t' l PO l
)
RCh:n (P) ch%a >" >07ng g8c >?i (Pl)
R(P)
(Pl) = P
RhUng * >07ng g8c >?i P t07ng P t07ng g8c >?i
(l5C)
>" Pl =
W
2
a
4,:i s (" tr0ng i;m cCa 5C
XX
a ChHng minh rxng (P5C) >07ng g8c >?i (Pls) >" tInh 6ho#ng cch t| l Jn (P5C)
!TInh 6ho#ng cch giua lC >" Ps
PG/<QCho h'nh ch8$ Pl5Ch O l5Ch (" h'nh thang >07ng t" 5,c8Q
l5=5C=aOlh = 2aO Pl= a 4 (" tr0ng i;m cCa (?n lhO Pl >07ng g8c >?i mTt
aChHng minh 5 PC >" (Pl5) (P5C)
!TInh 6ho#ng cch giua 2 %.ng th]ng Q PC iG SY , AC i3/ SY
cTInh 6ho#ng cch t| Jn (PCh) 4 TInh 6ho#ng cch t| h Jn (PC)
H
O
K
_
P
Y
C P
S
A
G,/ vQ
Rl chInh (" 6ho#ng cch giua lC >" Ph
Rh* chInh (" 6ho#ng cch t| h Jn (PC)O H chInh (" 6ho#ng cch t| Jn (PC)
PG/?QCho h'nh ch8$ Pl5Ch O l5Ch (" h'nh thoi c<nh a tm 4 sTt $h]ng (Pl5)
>07ng g8c >?i mTt $h]ng (l5Ch)4 Tam gic Pl5 cn t"
PH=a, g8c 5lh = Yi
i
4
aTInh g8c giua hai mTt $h]ng (PCh) >" (l5Ch)4
!TInh 6ho#ng cch t| H Jn (PCh),tInh 6ho#ng cch t| Jn (PCh),
cTInh 6ho#ng cch giua 2 %.ng th]ng PC iG SY .
FTInh giua %.ng th]ng P >" (Pl5)4
Y. PQI TON z GC TRONG KHNG GIAN"
I. Lv (&5wE( %0 12-"
J3 >c giX( h(i ng !hUng cho nh(& !rong Gh*ng gi(nB
,8c giua hai %.ng th]ng chAo nha0 a >" ! (" g8c ) ei i (
i i
t<o !mi hai
%.ng th]ng ctt nha0 (n (%)t c\ng $h%&ng >?i a >" !4
I3 >c giX( ng !hUng 6 LO! :hUngB
s0=n /c pnh g8c giua %.ng th]ng a >" mTt $h]ng (*) ta ("m nh% sa0Q
R T'm giao i;m y cCa a >" (*)4
R Ch:n i;m l th0-c a >" FUng lH >07ng g8c >?i (*) t" (*) chInh (" g8c
TVX
_go"i ra, g8c giua %.ng th]ng a >" m$(*) cng chInh (" g8c giua hai %.ng th]ng
a~ >" !~ trong 8 a~ c\ng $h%&ng >?i a, !~ c\ng $h%&ng >?i h'nh chiJ0 cCa a (1n m$(*)
S3 >c giX( h(i LO! :hUngB
R ,8c giua hai mTt $h]ng %)c /c pnh !xng s= o g8c giua hai %.ng th]ng nxm trong
hai mTt $h]ng >" >07ng g8c >?i giao t0Jn hoTc g8c giua hai %.ng th]ng (n (%)t >07ng
g8c >?i hai mTt $h]ng4
R Trong tr%.ng h)$ /c pnh g8c gT$ 6h8 6hn ta c8 th; sZ FGng c7ng thHc Fi3n tIch h'nh
chiJ0Q
XS
P~ = P4cos
II. P&+0-. k&$k ./2/ (L$- (&+-. d}-."

J3 T4nh gc !rMc !i@: b-ng cch sA $ng hP !h+c 1/ng !rong !(L gic 6&*ng hoOc Ynh
14 c*sin !rong !(L gicB
zs Y^"
# Cho tH Fi3n Pl5C c8 Pl >07ng g8c >?i m$(l5C), Pl = a, tam gic 5PC >07ng t" c8 P5 = 2a, PC = a 2 4 TInh g8c
giua hai mTt $h]ng (P5C) >" (l5C)4

HhQ
R ,:i y (" chn %.ng cao h< t| l (1n 5C th' ta c8

'

RTV
SC RV
SC TV
R Trong tam gic >07ng Pyl tInh %)c
i
Yi
2
W
sin
4 Cho (ng trG l5C4 l~5~C~ c8 t2t c# cc c<nh 0 !xng a4 5iJt g8c t<o !mi c<nh !1n
>" mTt !xng Yi
i
>" h'nh chiJ0 H cCa 9nh l (1n m$(l~5~C~) tr\ng >?i tr0ng i;m cCa
5~C~4 TInh tan cCa g8c giua hai %.ng th]ng 5C >" lC~4
HhQ tan
W
~
~ , ~ ~ tan ~ ,
,
_
,
_

XC
TX
TC C S TC SC
< Cho (ng trG l5Cl5C c8 - F"i c<nh !1n !xng 2a , l5C (" tam gic >07ng t" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa l (1n m$ (l5C) (" tr0ng i;m cCa
c<nh 5C, TInh thbo a th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ ll5C >" tInh c7sin g8c t<o !mi ll >" 5C4
PQ
X
N
cos
? Cho h'nh ch8$ Pl5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh 2a , Pl = a, P5 = a W
m$(Pl5) >07ng g8c >?i mTt $h]ng 4 ,:i s,_ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh
l5,5C4
TInh thbo a th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ P5sh_ >" tInh cosin g8c t<o !mi Ps >" h_4
PQ g =
W
W
W
a
,
S
S
cos
I3 T4nh gc !rong Gh*ng gi(n b-ng c*ng c 6Zc!F3
Ta th%.ng sZ FGng $h%&ng $h$ n 6hi cc g8c cn tInh c8 (i1n B0an Jn h'nh
!'nh h"nh, h'nh thoi,44 hoTc c8 B0an h3 >07ng g8c trUc tiJ$4
zs Y^"
#4 Cho tH Fi3n l5Ch4 ,:i s, _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh 5C, lh4 TInh g8c
giua l5 >" Ch !iJt l5 = Ch = 2a >" s_ = a W 4
HhQ
R ,:i y >" (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa 5h >" lC th' _ys (" h'nh !'nh h"nh >" _ = sy =
a4
R
( )

,
_
VP_ P_ PV CU TS , ,
R Trong h'nh !'nh h"nh _ys c8Q
i 2 2 2
Yi
2
N
cos cos 4 4 2 + + +

VP_ VP_ WP VP_ P_ PV PV P_ PW PV P_
4. Cho tH Fi3n l5Ch c8 l5 = Ch = a, lC = 5h = !, lh = 5C = c4
TInh g8c t<o !mi cc cT$ c<nh =i cCa tH Fi3n4
HhQ TInh g8c giua lh >" C5
R ,:i y, , s, _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m l5, Ch, 5h, lC4 Ta c8 ys_ (" h'nh !'nh h"nh
n1n

,
_

,
_
WVP PV WV CS TU , ,
XY
R Trong h'nh !'nh h"nh sy_ ta c8Q
2 2 2
cos 4 4 2 V_ WVP PV WV PV WV V_ VP VW + + +

R h\ng c7ng thHc %.ng tr0ng t0Jn trong tam gic tInh l, 5 >" y4
R
2
2 2
cos , cos
c
a b
WVP CS TU

,
_

<. Cho h'nh (ng trG l5C4l~5~C~ c8 (" tam gic 0 c<nh a4 ll~ >07ng g8c >?i
m$(l5C)4 %.ng chAo 5C~ cCa mTt !1n 5CC~5~ h)$ >?i (l55~l~) m-t g8c !xng Wi
i
4 ,:i
s, _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa lC >" 55~4
a) TInh ll~O !) TInh F(s,(5l~C~)O c) TInh g8c giua s_ >" m$(5l~C~)4
HhQ
a) ll~ = 55~ = a 2 O !) F(s,(5l~C~) = sH =
NN
YY 4
2 2
a
W_ SW
W_ SW
+
(g?i H (" h'nh
chiJ0 cCa s (1n 5, (" tr0ng i;m C~l~)
c),:i
(" g8c giua s_ >" (5l~C~) th' ta c8
,
_
S_ WP WLX ,
, f (" giao i;m cCa
s_ >" 5 (g?i B0i %?c (2 g8c nh:n)4
R Ta c8Q
( )( )
X
~ 4 4 ~ 4 4 ~ 4
2
a
SS SP SP SW SS WS SW WS SS SW SP WS S_ WP + + + + +
X
, cos 4 4
2
a
S_ WP S_ WP
,
_
R $ FGng h3 thHc (%)ng trong cc tam gic >07ng 5s_ >" 5s tInh %)c
2
NN
,
2
S a
S_
a
WP
SS
N
arccos i
SS
N
, cos >
,
_
S_ WP
PQI TRP P Y^NG"
PQI #" Cho h'nh ch8$ P4l5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh chZ nh@t tm , Pl >07ng
g8c >?i mTt 45iJt W RT a , 5C=a >" tam gic 5C 04
a ,:i s (" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa l (1n P54 ChHng minh rxng ls >07ng g8c
>?i PC4
! TInh g8c giua P5 >" mTt $h]ng (PlC)4
c ,:i , (" tr:ng tm cCa tam gic lCh4 TInh g8c giua s, >" PC4
PQI 4" Cho h'nh ch8$ P4l5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a , tm 4
Pl >07ng g8c >?i mTt >" Pl= a Y 4 ,:i s (" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa l (1n P5
4
aChHng minh rxng lsPC 4
!TInh g8c giua %.ng th]ng P5 >" mTt $h]ng (PlC)4
c,:i , (" tr:ng tm cCa tam gic PCh 4TInh g8c giua hai %.ng th]ng l, >" 5h 4
PQI <" (H 4aaJ P~
Cho h'nh (ng trG l5C4l~5~C~ c8 c<nh !1n !xng 2a4 Tam gic l5C >07ng t07ng g8c cCa l (1n (l5C) tr\ng >?i tr0ng i;m s cCa 5C4
a TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG l5C4l~5~C~ 4
! TInh g8c giua hai %.ng th]ng ll >" 5C4

. PQI TON z ST CU NGO]I TIP HNH CHP zQ L\NG TR^"
I. K/E- (&)% %0 12-"
; gi#i B0Jt t=t F<ng !"i t@$ n" h:c sinh cn ntm >ung 6iJn thHc c& !#n sa0Q
Xc
qq _J0 y (" tm mTt c0 ngo@ tm y th0-c trGc %.ng tr`n (" %.ng th]ng B0a tm %.ng tr`n ngo" >07ng g8c >?i T
N
T
2
444T
n
(%.ng th]ng n" song song >?i %.ng cao 6h=i ch8$)
=.hi ch; ( vic chn 8Kt +y c%n &inh hoEt sao cho khi x+c `nh tr-c Jng tran +y &
Qn gin nh6t?F
- Tm y $h#i cch 0 9nh P >" cc 9nh T
N
O T
2
44444T
n
n1n y th0-c mTt $h]ng tr0ng trUc cCa
RaiF (" >2n 6h8 `i hni h:c sinh cn 6hAo (Ao ; ch:n c<nh !1n sao cho trGc %.ng
tr`n w /c pnh >" c<nh !1n ng $h]ng >?i nha0 ; >i3c t'm y %)c F} F"ng4
qq Trong m-t s= tr%.ng h)$ Tc !i3t 6hi 6h=i ch8$ c8 cc mTt !1n (" tam gic cn, >07ng,
0 ta c8 th; /c pnh 2 trGc %.ng tr`n cCa mTt !1n >" 4 fhi 8 tm y (" giao i;m
cCa 2 trGc %.ng tr`n4 _J0 h'nh ch8$ c8 cc 9nh 0 nh'n c<nh a F%?i m-t g8c >07ng th'
tm mTt c0 (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh a4
II. PG/ (Ck"
#~ Cho h'nh ch8$ Pl5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh thang >07ng t" 5, TS = SC = aO
TU = 2a 4C<nh !1n Pl >07ng g8c >?i (l5Ch) >" Pl=a4 ,:i (" tr0ng i;m cCa
lh4TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ PCh >" t'm tm !n 6Inh mTt c0 ngo" PC ta c8 mTt $h]ng (l5_s) (" mTt $h]ng
tr0ng trUc cCa P4 g@ tm cCa mTt c0 ngo" trGc %.ng tr`n ngo" song song >?i Pl4,:i f (" tr0ng i;m cCa l5 th' LP ls4 f_
>" ng $h]ng s0 ra LP = [ (" i;m cn t'm4 =
2
NN a
4~ Cho h'nh ch8$ Pl5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh chu nh@t c<nh TS = aO TU = a 2 g8c
giua hai mTt $h]ng (PlC) >" l5Ch !xng Yi
i
4 ,:i H (" tr0ng i;m cCa l54 5iJt mTt !1n
Pl5 (" tam gic cn t" th0-c mTt $h]ng >07ng g8c >?i 4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i
ch8$ Pl5Ch >" /c pnh tm !n 6Inh mTt c0 ngo?i lh
ctt Ch m th' f (RTX) 4 hUng / song song >?i f th' / (" trGc %.ng tr`n ngo07ng g8c >?i lC ctt f,
lh t`ng tr`n ngo"
f 6{ %.ng th]ng _ >07ng g8c >?i (l5Ch) (%.ng th]ng song song >?i f) th'
_ (" trGc %.ng tr`n cCa tamgic lHC4
,iao i;m V = Py ^x (" tm mTt c0 ngo07ng g8c
>?i lh4 Tr1n c<nh Ch 6Ao F"i (2 i;m sao cho
i
ei
T^S
4TInh g8c t<o !mi mTt
$h]ng (l5C) >" mTt $h]ng (l5h)4vc pnh tm >" tInh th; tIch 6h=i c0 ngo07ng g8c >?i l5 >" hy >07ng g8c >?i l54 _1n g8c
t<o !mi (lCh) >" (l5h) ("
CVU
4
W
N
cos
CVU
Xd
R ChHng minh tam gic TC^ >07ng t" Ch4h = lh
2
=
W
2
a
)
4T%&ng tU ta c8 tam gic 5C >07ng t07ng c<nh !xng a >" %.ng cao (" PH
>?i H thna mwn XW XP W trong 8 s, _ (" tr0ng i;m l5, Ch4 sTt $h]ng (Pl5)
t<o >?i
l5Ch g8c Yi
i
4 TInh 6ho#ng cch t| _ Jn mTt $h]ng (PlC) >" /c pnh th; tIch 6h=i
c0 ngo" PH

d
(RWP) 4 g' tam gic Pl5
>07ng cn t" >07ng g8c >?i Pl54 Thbo tr1n ta c8
(Pl5) >07ng g8c >?i (PsH) n1n 6{ H >07ng g8c >?i Ps th' X^ (RTS) n1n (F) H4
Ta c8 d ~ d = V (" tm mTt c0 ngoi3c gi#i !"i ton h'nh 6h7ng gian !xng $h%&ng $h$
t:a - (" thiJt (@$ h3 t:a - cho $h\ h)$4 Pa0 chEng t7i /in gi?i thi30 m-t s= $h%&ng
$h$ ; thiJt (@$ h3 t:a -4
J[ Thi@! 19: hP !8( , i 6Qi !(L $iPnB
g?i g8c tam Fi3n a!c >i3c t:a - h8a th%.ng %)c thUc hi3n 6h &n gi#n, Tc
!i3t >?iQ
R Tam Fi3n >07ng th' h3 trGc t:a - >07ng g8c %)c thiJt (@$ nga tr1n tam Fi3n 84
R Tam Fi3n c8 m-t g8c $h]ng >07ng, 6hi 8 ta thiJt (@$ m-t mTt cCa h3 trGc t:a - chHa
g8c $h]ng 84
I[ Thi@! 19: hP !8( , cho h"nh ch:B
g?i h'nh ch8$, >i3c t:a - h8a th%.ng %)c thUc hi3n FUa tr1n Tc tInh h'nh h:c
cCa chEng4 Ta c8 cc tr%.ng h)$ th%.ng gT$ sa0Q
q H'nh ch8$ 0 th' h3 t:a - %)c thiJt (@$ FUa tr1n g=c tr\ng >?i tm cCa >" trGc
tr\ng >?i %.ng cao cCa h'nh ch8$4 CG th;Q
q H'nh ch8$ c8 m-t c<nh !1n (Pl) >07ng g8c >?i th' ta th%.ng ch:n trGc (" c<nh
!1n >07ng g8c >?i (Pl), g=c t:a - tr\ng >?i chn %.ng >07ng g8c (l)4
Trong cc tr%.ng h)$ 6hc ta FUa >"o %.ng cao cCa h'nh ch8$ >" tInh ch2t a
gic ; ch:n h3 t:a - $h\ h)$4
S[ Thi@! 19: hP !rc !8( , cho h"nh h,: chX nh9!B
g?i h'nh h-$ chu nh@t th' >i3c thiJt (@$ h3 t:a - 6h &n gi#n, th%.ng c8 hai cchQ
R Ch:n m-t 9nh ("m g=c t:a - >" !a trGc tr\ng >?i !a c<nh cCa h'nh h-$4
R Ch:n tm cCa ("m g=c t:a - >" !a trGc song song >?i !a c<nh cCa h'nh h-$4
\[ Thi@! 19: hP !8( , cho h"nh 1]ng !rB
R g?i (ng trG Hng th' ta ch:n trGc th]ng Hng, g=c t:a - (" m-t 9nh n"o 8 cCa
hoTc tm cCa 4 Cc trGc , / th' FUa >"o tInh ch2t cCa a gic m" ch:n cho $h\
h)$4
Xe
R g?i (ng trG nghi1ng, ta FUa tr1n %.ng cao >" tInh ch2t cCa ; ch:n h3 t:a - cho
thIch h)$4
_go"i cc tr%.ng h)$ tr1n, trong cc tr%.ng h)$ 6hc ta FUa >"o B0an h3 song
song, >07ng g8c >" cc tInh ch2t cCa %.ng cao, ,444 ; thiJt (@$ h3 t:a - cho thIch
h)$4
II. C$% dB-. 1G/ (Ck"
#. G/2/ 1G/ (L$- :-& *+,-. 1-. k&+0-. k&$k (9 :>"
PhFng :h: ch&ngB !a thbc hin thco hai bcH
> !hi0t &,. h tr-c ta A th5ch h.B td 7 s'y ra ta A cGa c+c i38 c%n thi0tF
> !hi0t &,. bi3' thc gii t5ch cho c+c gi+ tr` c%n x+c `nhF
CC zs Y^"
N) Cho g8c tam Fi3n /, tr1n /, , (2 cc i;m l, 5, C sao cho l = a, 5 = !,
C = c4 Trong tH Fi3n l5C >D n-i tiJ$ m-t h'nh (@$ $h%&ng sao cho m-t 9nh tr\ng >?i
c`n 9nh =i Fi3n th0-c mTt $h]ng (l5C)4 TInh - F"i c<nh cCa h'nh (@$ $h%&ng4
HhQ
R Ch:n h3 t:a - / >?i l th0-c /, 5 th0-c , C th0-c 4 Ta c8Q l(aO iO i), 5(iO !O
i), C(iO iO c)4
R m$(l5C)Q
N + +
c
e
b
y
a
x
R ,:i t (" c<nh cCa h'nh (@$ $h%&ng >" l~ (" 9nh =i Fi3n >?i , 6hi 8 l~(tO tO t)4
R l~ th0-c (l5C) s0 ra t =
ca bc ab
abc
+ +
2) Trong mTt $h]ng (*) cho tam gic 0 l5C c<nh !xng a4 hUng o<n Pl = a >07ng g8c
>?i m$(*)4 TInh tan cCa g8c nh:n giua hai c<nh l5 >" PC4
HhQ Ch:n h3 t:a - nh% h'nh >DQ
Ta c8Q l(iO iO i), 5

,
_
i O
2
W
O
2
a a
C(aO iO i), P(iO iO a)
PQ
c tan
X
2
4
4
cos
RC TS
RC TS
W) Cho h'nh (@$ $h%&ng l5Ch4l
N
5
N
C
N
h
N
c<nh !xng a4 ,:i s, _ thbo thH tU (" tr0ng i;m
cc c<nh lh >" Ch4 +2 * th0-c 55
N
sao cho 5* = W5*
N
4 TInh Fi3n tIch thiJt Fi3n Fo
(s_*) ctt h'nh (@$ $h%&ng4
HhQ
R Ch:n h3 t:a - l/ >?i 5 th0-c l/, h th0-c l >" l
N
th0-c l4 Ta c8
Si
l
5
C
P

l(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C(aO aO i), h(iO aO i), l
N
(iO iO a), 5
N
(aO iO a), C
N
(aO aO a), h
N
(iO aO a),
s
,
_
i O
2
O i
a
, _
,
_
i O O
2
a
a
, *
,
_
X
W
O i O
a
a
4
R ,:i
(" g8c t<o !mi (s_*) >" (l5Ch), ta c8Q

Y
2
cos
R ,:i P
N
>" P (n (%)t (" Fi3n tIch thiJt Fi3n >" h'nh chiJ0 cCa n8 (1n mTt $h]ng (l5Ch)4
Ta %)cQ
( )
NY
Y c
44
cos
N
cos cos
2
N
a
R R
R R
R
UWP TSCU
TSCWP

X) Cho h'nh (ng trG tam gic 0 l5C4l
N
5
N
C
N
c8 cc c<nh !xng a4 TInh g8c giu hai mTt
$h]ng (l5C
N
) >" (5Cl
N
)4
R Ch:n h3 t:a - nh% h'nh >D4 Ta c8Q
l(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C

,
_
i O
2
W
O
2
a a
l
N
(iO iO a), 5
N
(aO iO a), C
N

,
_
a
a a
O
2
W
O
2
R ,:i
(" g8c giua (l5C

N
) >" (5Cl
N
)4 Ta c8Q
c
N
4
cos
2 N
2 N

n n
n n
4. G/2/ 1G/ (L$- :-& (H-& 1-. k&+0-. k&$k (9 :>"

PhFng :h: ch&ngB !a thbc hin thco c+c bc sa'H
> !hi0t &,. h tr-c ta A th5ch h.F
> !hi0t &,. c+c bi3' thc gii tihcs cho i4' kinB td 7 s'y ra k0t D' c%n chng 8inhF C-
th3H
N4 ; chHng minh m-t !i;0 thHc >bct&, ta cn /c pnh t:a - cCa cc >bct& trong !i;0
thHc 8, t| 8 tha >"o !i;0 thHc ; %a ra 6Jt (0@n4
24 ChHng minh m=i (i1n h3 " (F
2
) th'Q
a4
2 N 2 N
) ( ) ( a k a d d !4 i 4 ) ( ) (
2 N 2 N
a a d d
X4 g?i
2 N
, n n (" gT*T cCa (*
N
) >" (*
2
) th'Q
a4 (*
N
) (*
2
)
2 N
n k n !4 i 4 ) ( ) (
2 N 2 N
n n
S, g?i
n a,
(n (%)t (" gTC* cCa (F) >" gT*T cCa (*) th'Q
a4 (F) (*) i 4 n a n a !4 n k a d ) ( ) (
CC zs Y^" N) Cho tam gic >07ng cn l5C c8 l5 = lC = a, s (" tr0ng i;m c<nh
5C4 Tr1n cc nZa %.ng th]ng ll
N
, ss
N
>07ng g8c >?i m$(l5C) > c\ng m-t $hIa, (2
t%&ng Hng cc i;m _, y sao cho 2 sy = _l = a4 ,:i H (" chn %.ng >07ng g8c h< t| l
/0=ng _s4 ChHng minh rxng PV TX
HhQ
R Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - l/ >?i 5 th0-c l/, C th0-c l >" _ th0-c l4 Ta c8Q
l(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C(iO aO i), s
,
_
i O
2
O
2
a a
, _(iO iO a), y
,
_
2
O
2
O
2
a a a
, H
,
_
2
O i O
2
a a
R TInh %)c PV TX PV TX i 4
2) Cho h'nh ch8$ P4l5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh !xng a, Pl >07ng g8c >?i
4 ,:i s, _ (" hai i;m thbo thH tU th0-c 5C, hC sao cho 5s =
2
a
, h_ =
X
Wa
4 ChHng
minh rxng hai mTt $h]ng (Pls) >" (Ps_) >07ng g8c >?i nha04
HhQ
R Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - l/ >?i 5 th0-c l/, h th0-c l, P th0-c l, 6hi 8Q
SN
5
l
C
l
N
C
N
5
N
l
5
C
P

l(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C(aO aO i), h(iO aO i), P(iO iO a), s
,
_
i O
2
O
a
a
, _
,
_
i O O
X
W
a
a
R TInh %)c TW WP TW WP i 4 4
R sTt 6hc Pl s_, s0 ra s_
) ( ) ( ) ( RTW RWP RTW
W) Cho h'nh ch8$ P4l5C c8 l5C (" tam gic 0 c<nh a, Pl = P5 = PC, 6ho#ng cch
t| P Jn m$(l5C) !xng h4 T'm i0 6i3n cCa a >" h ; hai mTt $h]ng (Pl5) >" (PlC)
>07ng g8c >?i nha04
HhQ
R Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - / >?i (" tr:ng tm tam gic l5C, 5C song song /, l th0-c
, P th0-c , 6hi 8Q
l

,
_
i O
W
W
O i
a
, 5

,
_
i O
Y
W
O
2
a a
, C

,
_
i O
Y
W
O
2
a a
, P(iO iO h)
R ,:i ~ , n n thbo thH tU (" gT*T cCa (Pl5) >" (PlC) th'Q
[ ] [ ]

,
_
,
_

W
W
O O W , ~ ,
W
W
O O W ,
a
h h TC RT n
a
h h TS RT n
R Y i ~ 4 ) ( ) ( h a n n RTC RTS
X) Cho h'nh (ng trG l5C4 l
N
5
N
C
N
c8 (" tam gic 0 c<nh !xng a, ll
N
= h >" >07ng
g8c >?i m$(l5C)4 5iJt rxng 6ho#ng cch giua l
N
5
N
>" 5C
N
!xng F4 ChHng minh rxngQ a =
) ( W
2
2 2
d h
dh
HhQ
R Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - l/ >?i 5 th0-c l/, l
N
th0-c l, 6hi 8Q
l(iO iO i), 5(aO iO i), C

,
_
i O
2
W
O
2
a a
l
N
(iO iO h), 5
N
(aO iO h), C
N

,
_
h
a a
O
2
W
O
2
R ,:i b a, thbo thH tU (" gTC* cCa l
N
5
N
>" 5C
N
4 Ta c8Q
a c\ng $h%&ng ) i O i O N ( ) i O i O (
N N
a a S T , b c\ng $h%&ng
,
_
h
a a
SC O
2
W
O
2
N ( ) h a a b 2 O W O 4
fhi 8Q
[ ]
[ ] ) ( W
2
W X
W
,
,
2 2 2 2
N
d h
dh
a
a h
ah
b a
SS b a
d

+

<. G/2/ 1G/ (L$- %% (l (lL-. &m-& &% 1-. k&+0-. k&$k (9 :>"
PhFng :h: ch&ngB !a thbc hin thco c+c bc sa'H
> !hi0t &,. h ta A th5ch h.B td 7 s'y ra ta A c+c i38 c%n thi0tF
> !hi0t &,. bi3' thc i4' kin =n0' c7?F !hi0t &,. bi3' thc gii t5ch cho c+c i38 c%n t\8
cbc tr`F
> "ba chn .hQng .h+. t\8 cbc tr`B thng thJng &H
f hQng .h+. ta8 thc b,c haiF
f R< d-ng b6t gng thcF
f R< d-ng Eo h8F
CC zs Y^"
N) Cho g8c tam Fi3n /, tr1n /, , (2 cc i;m l, 5, C4
a TInh 6ho#ng cch t| Jn m$(l5C) thbo l = a, 5 = !, C = c4
! ,i# sZ l c= Fpnh c`n 5, C tha Ki nhung (07n thna mwn l = 5 R C4 Hw /c pnh
>p trI cCa 5 >" C sao cho th; tIch tH Fi3n l5C (" (?n nh2t4
HhQ
R Ch:n h3 trGc /, 6hi 8Q l(aO iO i), 5(iO !O i), C(iO iO c)
R *T (l5C)Q
N + +
c
e
b
y
a
x
, F(, (l5C)) =
2 2 2 2 2 2
b a a c c b
abc
+ +
S2
R g
l5C
=
2X 2
4
Y
N
Y
N
W
2
a c b
a abc
,
_
+
(Thbo !t c7si)
ho 8 sa/(g
l5C
) =
2X
W
a
<t %)c 6hi ! = c =
2
a
2) Cho tH Fi3n Pl5C c8 PC = Cl = l5 = 2 a , PC >07ng g8c >?i m$(l5C), tam gic
l5C >07ng t07ng g8c ch0ng cCa 5C >" Pl4
HhQ
R Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - C// >?i 5 th0-c C/, P th0-c C, 6hi 8Q
l(aO aO i), 5(2aO iO i), C(iO iO i), P(iO iO 2 a )4
R *h%&ng tr'nh PlQ [ ] a '
' e
' a y
' a x
O i ,
2

'

s0 ra s( ) 2 O O ' ' a ' a
R g' ls = t s0 ra 0 =
2
t
4 fhi 8 s

,
_

2
2
O
2
N
O
2
N t
a a
a s_
2
=
W
2
W
Y
W
2
2 X W
2
2 2
a
t
a
WinWP
a
a at t +
! fhi o<n s_ ngtn nh2t th'
,
_
,
_
i O i O
W
2
,
W
2
O
W
2
O
W
2 a
P
a a a
W
4 +Ec 8
'
i 4
i 4
SC WP
RT WP
,
tHc (" sn (" o<n >07ng g8c ch0ng cCa Pl >" 5C4
W) Cho h'nh (@$ $h%&ng l5Ch4l
N
5
N
C
N
h
N
, c<nh !xng a4 Tr1n c<nh ll
N
6Ao F"i > $hIa l
N
(2 i;m s >" tr1n c<nh 5C 6Ao F"i > $hIa C (2 i;m _ sao cho s_ ctt c<nh C
N
h
N
4 TInh
gi trp nhn nh2t cCa - F"i o<n s_4
HhQ
R Ch:n h3 trGc t:a - l/ trong 8 5 th0-c l/, h th0-c l >" l
N
th0-c l, 6hi 8Q l(iO
iO i), 5(aO iO i), l
N
(iO iO a), C
N
(aO aO a)4
R ll
N
Q
( ) ( ) ) i O O ( O ,
i
Q )O O i O i ( O , i
i
v a P a v
e
v y
a x
SC ' W a '
' e
y
x
+
'
'
R g' s_ ctt C
N
h
N
n1n sh
N
_C
N

a v
av
'
a
' a
v a
a
4
SW
fhi 8 s_ = 0 R > - a =
a v
a av v
+
2 2
, s0 ra sins_ = Wa 6hi > = 2a a ' 2 >" 6hi 8
s_ i B0a tr0ng i;m y cCa C
N
h
N
(h\ng $h%&ng $h$ <o h"m)
. PQI TON HHKG TRONG CC THI Hn C CC N\S zgA UA"
PG/ #~ H 4aa4 K.A
Cho h'nh ch8$ tam gic 0 P4l5C 9nh P, c8 - F"i c<nh !xng a4 ,:i s,_ (n (%)t ("
cc tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh P5 >" PC 4 TInh thbo a Fi3n tIch tam gic lgiacs!ibbts rxng
mTt $h]ng (ls_$hangr>0oong g8c >?i mTt $h]ng (P5C)4
PG/ 4~ H 4aa4 K.P
Cho h'nh (@$ $h%&ng l5Chl
N
5
N
C
N
h
N
c8 c<nh !xng a4
a) TInh thbo a 6ho#ng cch giua hai %.ng th]ng l
N
5 >" 5
N
h4
!) ,:i s,_,* (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh 55
N
, Ch, l
N
h
N
4 TInh g8c giua hai
%.ng th]ng s*, C
N
_4
PG/ <~ H 4aa4 K.Y
Cho h'nh tH Fi3n l5Ch c8 c<nh lh >07ng g8c >?i mTt $h]ng (l5C) O lC = lh =
XcmO l5 = WcmO 5C = Scm4 TInh 6ho#ng cch t| i;m l Jn mTt $h]ng (5Ch)4
PG/ ?~ H 4aa< K.A
Cho h'nh (@$ $h%&ng l5Ch4l5Ch4 TInh s= o g8c $h]ng nhp Fi3n 5,lC,h4
PG/ A~ H 4aa< K.P
Cho h'nh (ng trG Hng l5Ch4l5Ch c8 l5Ch (" m-t h'nh thoi c<nh a, g8c

STU
= Yi
i
4 ,:i s (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh ll >" _ (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh CC4 ChHng minh
rxng X i;m 5, s, h, _ c\ng th0-c m-t mTt $h]ng4 Hw tInh - F"i c<nh ll thbo a ; tH
gic5sh_ (" h'nh >07ng4
PG/ D~ H 4aa< K.Y
Cho hai mTt $h]ng (*) >" () >07ng g8c >?i nha0, c8 giao t0Jn (" %.ng th]ng4 Tr1n giao
t0Jn (2 hai i;m l, 5 >?i l5 = a 4 Trong mTt $h]ng (*) (2 i;m C , trong mTt $h]ng
() (2 i;mh sao cho lC, 5h >07ng g8c >?i nha0 >" lC = 5h = l54 TInh !n 6Inh
mTt c0 ngo" tInh 6ho#ng cch t| l Jn mTt $h]ng (5Ch) thbo a4
PG/ I~ H 4aa? K.P
Cho h'nh ch8$ tH gic 0 P4l5Ch c8 c<nh !xng a, g8c giua c<nh !1n >" mTt
!xng
(i
i

ei
i
)4 TInh tang cCa g8c giua hai mTt $h]ng (Pl5) >" (l5Ch) thbo
4
TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ P4l5Ch thbo a >"
4
PG/ J~ H 4aaD A
Cho 2 h'nh trG c8 (n (%)t (" 2 %.ng tr`n () >" ()45n 6Inh !xng chi0 cao >"
!xng a4Tr1n %.ng tr`n tm (2 i;m l4Tr1n %.ng tr`n tm (2 i;m 5sao
cho l5=2a4TInh th; tIch 6h=i tH Fi3n l5
P
N2
W
W
4
a
O
SWUP R

PG/ N~ H 4aaI A
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4l5Ch c8 (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a ,mTt !1n Plh (" tam gic 0 >"
nxm trong mTt $h]ng >07ng g8c >?i 4,:i s,_,* (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa P5,5C,Ch
4ChHng minh ls >07ng g8c 5* >" tInh th; tIch cCa tH Fi3n Cs_*
P
eY
W
W
4
a
O
SWUP R

PG/ #a~ H 4aaI P
Cho h'nh ch8$ tH gic 0 Pl5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a ,:i (" i;m =i
/Hng cCa h B0a tr0ng i;m Pl,s (" tr0ng i;m cCa l,_ (" tr0ng i;m cCa 5C 4chHng
minh Qs_ >07ng g8c 5h >" tInh thbo a 6ho#ng cch giua 2 %.ng th]ng s_,lC
PQ
X
2
) O (
a
TC WP d
SX
PG/ ##~ H 2iic fh=i h
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4l5Ch c8 (" h'nh thang ,8c hl5=l5C=ei
i
,5l=5C=a,lh=2a4c<nh !1n Pl >07ng g8c >?i >" Pl=a 2 4,:i H (" h'nh chiJ0
>07ng g8c cCa l tr1n P54ChHng minh tam gic PCh >07ng >" tInh thbo a 6ho#ng cch t|
H Jn m$ (PCh)
PQ
W
) ( O (
a
RCU X d
PG/ #4~ H 4aaJ A
Cho (ng trG l5C4l5C c8 - F"i c<nh !1n !xng 2a, l5C (" tam gic >07ng t" h'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa 9nh l tr1n mTt $h]ng l5C (" tr0ng i;m
c<nh 5C4TInh thbo a th; tIch 6h=i cho$ ll5C >" tInh cosin cCa g8c giua 2 %.ng th]ng
ll,5C
PQ
W
W
~4
a
O
TSC T
,
X
N
cos
PG/ #<~ H 4aaJ P
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4l5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh >07ng c<nh 2a, Pl=a, P5 = a W >" mTt
$h]ng (Pl5) >07ng g8c >?i mTt $h]ng 4 ,:i s, _ (n (%)t (" tr0ng i;m cCa cc c<nh
l5, 5C4 TInh thbo a th; tIch cCa 6h=i ch8$ P45sh_ >" tInh cosin cCa g8c giua hai %.ng
th]ng Ps, h_4
PQ
W
W
W
4
a
O
SWUP R

S
S
cos
PG/ #?~ H 4aaJ Y
Cho (ng trG Hng l5C4l~5~C~ c8 l5C (" tam gic >07ng, l5 = 5C = a, c<nh !1n
ll~ a 2
4 ,:i s (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh 5C4 TInh thbo a th; tIch cCa 6h=i (ng trG
l5C4l~5~C~ >" 6ho#ng cch giua hai %.ng th]ng ls, 5~C4
PQ
2
2
W
~ ~ ~ 4
a
O
C S T TSC

c
c
) ~ O (
a
C S TW d
PG/ #A~ H 4aaN A
Cho h'nh ch8$ P4l5Ch c8 l5Ch (" h'nh thang >07ng t" hO l5 = lh = 2a, Ch
= aO
g8c giua hai mTt $h]ng (P5C) >" (l5Ch) !xng Yi
4
,:i y (" tr0ng i;m cCa c<nh lh4 5iJt
hai mTt
$h]ng (P5y) >" (PCy) c\ng >07ng g8c >?i mTt $h]ng (l5Ch)4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$
P4l5Ch
thbo a4
PQ
S
NS W
W
4
a
O
TSCU R

PG/ #D~ H 4aaN P
Cho h'nh (ng trG tam gic l5C4l5C c8 55 = a, g8c giua %.ng th]ng 55 >" mTt
$h]ng
(l5C) !xng Yi
i
O tam gic l5C >07ng t"
STC
= Yi
i
4 H'nh chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa
i;m 5 (1n
mTt $h]ng (l5C) tr\ng >?i tr:ng tm cCa tam gic l5C4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i tH Fi3n
ll5C thbo a
PQ
2id
e
W
~
a
O
TSC T

PG/ #I~ H 4a#a A
Cho h'nh ch8$ R4TSCU c8 TSCU (" h'nh >07ng c<nh a4 ,:i W >" P (n (%)t (" tr0ng
i;m cCa cc c<nh TS >" TUO X (" giao i;m cCa CP >?i UW4 5iJt RX >07ng g8c >?i mTt
SS
$h]ng (TSCU) >" RX = a W 4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i ch8$ R4CUPW >" tInh 6ho#ng cch giua
hai %.ng th]ng UW >" RC thbo a4
PQ
2X
W S
W
4
a
O
CUPW R

Ne
W 2
) O (
a
RC UW d
PG/ #J~ H 4a#a P
Cho h'nh (ng trG tam gic 0 l5C4l5C c8 TS = a, g8c giua hai mTt $h]ng (l5C)
>" (TSC? !xng Yi
i
4 ,:i # (" tr:ng tm tam gic 4 TInh th; tIch 6h=i (ng trG w cho >" tInh
!n 6Inh mTt c0 ngo07ng canh a, canh !1n RT h aO hijnh chi10
>07ng goc c0a inh R tr1n
mt $hng =TSCU? (aj i1m X th07c oan TCB
X
TC
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PQ
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PG/ 4a~ H 4a## A
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l5O mTt $h]ng RW >" song song >?i SC, ctt TC t" =TSC? !]ng Yi
o
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TS >" RP thbo a4
PQ W
W
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NW
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PG/ 4#~ H 4a## P
Cho (ng trG l5Ch4l
N
5
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c8 l5Ch (" h'nh chu nh@t4 l5 = a, lh = W a 4 H'nh
chiJ0 >07ng g8c cCa i;m l
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tr1n mTt $h]ng (l5Ch) tr\ng >?i giao i;m lC >" 5h4
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