tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

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Cu- tem-In-s\m-cp- {kjv-Sm-hp-v Po-h- \-In- hm-bphpw- shhpw- ku-Icy-sSp-n- `q-an-sb Po-hn-Xtbm-Ky-amn-b ]caIm-cp-Wn-I\m-b {kjvS- m-hv- \mw- Chn-sS Fs\
Po- h n- Wsapw- Cu- Po- h n- X n- s - d ]caeywFspw- Zq-Xm- ap-tJ\ {kjvS- m-hv- \s ]Tn-n-p.- \psS Po-hn-Xn-s-d IWv- acWtijw- \mw- {kjv-Sm-hn-sd ap-n- t_m-[n-n-tn-hcpw.- Av- ]p-Wyw- sNbv-Xh\v\bpw- ]m-]w- sNbv-Xh\v- Xn-bpw- {]Xn-^ew- In-pw.- AXn\m- {kjv-Sm-hv- Xs-d Zq-Xcn-eq-sS \-In-b \n-tZia\pkcn-v- Po-hn-p-Ibm-Wv- a\p-jy-s-d cm-am-Kw.\p-sS tem-I {kjv-Sm-hv- \-In-b \n-tZi kw-ln-Xbm-WvJp-B.- ap-lZv- \_n-bn-eq-sS Ah- B ktiw- a\pjy-sn-p-sIm-Sp-p.- CXdn-hcpw- Adn-bm-hcpw\ap-n-Sbn- Dv.- tem-Isc ap-gp-h- {kjv-Sm-hn-s-d
ktiadn-bn-- AXdn-hcp-sS _m-[y-Xbm-Wv.- AXn\m-bn- cq-]o-Ir-Xam-b Hcp- {]kv-Ym-\am-Wv- \n-v- Hm-^v- {Sq-v.Ckv-em-an-s\ ]cn-NbsSp-p-Xn-\p- thn-bp- \n-vHm-^v- {Sq-n-s-d Ir-Xn-Ifn-sem-m-Wv- tam-n-s-d amKw. tIm-gn-tm-Sv- ]t- Xm-gp-shp- \S Hcp- htaimktf\n- Aap-kvenw- _p-n-Po-hn-I-p- ap-n- Ckvem-an-s\ ]cn-NbsSp-n-sm-v- \n-v- Hm-^v- {Sq-v- {]hI\m-b Fw.-Fw.- AIv-_- AhXcn-n- {]_\v-[am-WnXv.CXv- {]kn-o-Icn-p-hm-\m-hiy-am-b km-n-I klm-bw\-In-bXv- tIm-gn-tm-s Nn-e ktlmZcm-cmWv.- Amlp- Ah-v- XXm-b {]Xn-^ew- \-Is (Bao-).\m-Ym-...- kXy-aX kti {]Nm-cWn-\p- thn-bp- hn\o-Xam-sbm-cp- kw-cw-`am-Wn-Xv.- \o- G-]n- Dchm-Znn-s-d \n-hlWn-\p-thn-bp- Ffn-b {iaw.CsXm-cp- {]Xn-^em-lam-b {]h-\am-bn- kzo-IcntWta (Bao).-

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atcn-676 121

tam--n-s-d- am-KwUbdIv-S-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw
Cu- tem-In-s\m-cp- {kjv-Sm-hp-v Po-h- \-In- hmbp-hpw- shhpw- ku-Icy-sSp-n- `q-an-sb Po-hn-Xtbm-Kyam-n-b ]caIm-cp-Wn-I\m-b {kjv-Sm-hv- \mw- Chn-sS
Fs\ Po-hn-Wsapw- Cu- Po-hn-Xn-s-d ]caeywFspw- Zq-Xm- ap-tJ\ {kjvS- m-hv- \s ]Tn-n-p.- \psS Po-hn-Xn-s-d IWv- acWtijw- \mw- {kjvS- m-hn-sd
ap-n- t_m-[n-n-tn-hcpw.- Av- ]p-Wyw- sNbv-Xh\v\bpw- ]m-]w- sNbv-Xh\v- Xn-bpw- {]Xn-^ew- In-pw.- AXn\m- {kjv-Sm-hv- Xs-d Zq-Xcn-eq-sS \-In-b \n-tZia\pkcn-v- Po-hn-p-Ibm-Wv- a\p-jy-s-d cm-am-Kw.\p-sS tem-I {kjv-Sm-hv- \-In-b \n-tZi kw-ln-XbmWv- Jp-B.- ap-lZv- \_n-bn-eq-sS Ah- B ktiwa\p-jy-sn-p-sIm-Sp-p.- CXdn-hcpw- Adn-bmhcpw- \ap-n-Sbn- Dv.- tem-Isc ap-gp-h- {kjv-Sm-hns-d ktiadn-bn-- AXdn-hcp-sS _m-[y-Xbm-Wv.AXn-\m-bn- cq-]o-Ir-Xam-b Hcp- {]kv-Ym-\am-Wv- \n-v- Hm-^v{Sq-v- .Ckv-em-an-s\ ]cn-NbsSp-p-Xn-\p- thn-bp- \nv- Hm-^v- {Sq-n-s-d Ir-Xn-Ifn-sem-m-Wv- tam-n-s-d
am-Kw. tIm-gn-tm-Sv- ]tXm-gp-shp- \S Hcphtaim- ktf\n- Aap-kvenw- _p-n-Po-hn-I-p- apn- Ckv-em-an-s\ ]cn-NbsSp-n-sm-v- \n-v- Hm-^v- {Sqv- {]h-I\m-b Fw.-Fw.- AIv-_- AhXcn-n-
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- Cwo-jv,- X-an-gv,- I--S `m-j-I-fn- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw- {]-kn-oI-cn-s-np-v.- k-Xy-Zo-\n-s\- k-lm-bn-p--h-v- A-mlp- XXm-b {]Xn-^ew- \-Is (Bao-).\m-Ym-...- kXy-aX kti {]Nm-cWn-\p- thn-bp-
hn-\o-Xam-sbm-cp- kw-cw-`am-Wn-Xv.- \o- G-]n- Dchm-Znn-s-d \n-hlWn-\p-thn-bp- Ffn-b {iaw.CsXm-cp- {]Xn-^em-lam-b {]h-\am-bn- kzo-Icn-

tam--n-s-d- am-KwtWta (Bao).sIm-n

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tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

Ip-td B{Klfp-hcm-Wv- \mw.- Cu- B{Klfp-sS

]q--o-IcW-n-\p-thn- \sfmw- ITn-\m-[zm-\w- sNbv-Xp- sIm-ncn-p-p.- Hcp- B{Klw- k^eamIp-tm- ASp- B{Klwa\n- ap-f s]m-p-Ibm-bn.- CXv- a\p-jy-klPam-b Hcp- kz-`m-hamWv.- Xs-d BiIf{Xbpw- ]q-o-Icn-Wsav- a\p-jy-\v- B{Klapv.- B{Kl k^eo-IcWn-\p-thn- tNm-c \o-cm-n- ]W-n-sbSp-psIm-n-cn-p-Ibm-Wv a\p-jy.- Cu- A[zm-\-n-Sbn- \sfmwHcp- Zn-hkw- Cu- Po-hn-Xtm-Sv- bm-{X ]dbp-p.- acWw-! a\p-jy-Po-hnXn-s-d A\n-hm-cy-am-b Ay-am-WXv.- ar-Xyp--hn-s\ \n-b{n-p-hm\pw- A\iz-cX t\Sn-sbSp-m-\pw- thn-bp- a-Xy- ]cn-{iasfmw]cm-Pbn-em-Wv- Iem-in-n-cn-p-Xv.- C,- acWs \n-b{n-phm- a\p-jy-\v- Ign-bn.- P\n-h- ap-gp-h- acn-p-saXv- {]Ir-Xnbp-sS hn-[n-bm-Wv.- Xs-d CNv-OI- ]q-o-Icn-m- thn-bp-
Po-hn-X kacn-s-d hn-b-p- Xp-n-I- s\n-bn- hln-p-sImm-Wv- a\p-jy- acWs ]p-Ip-Xv.- Xs-d BiIf{Xbpw- ]qo-Icn-m- ]n-b co-Xn-bn-e a-Xy-Po-hn-Xw- kw-hn-[m-\n-sn-cnp-X
- v- .- \q-n- Ccp-]Xv- kw-h-kcam-Wv- B[p-\n-I a\p-jy-s-d ]camh[n- Bbp-sm-Wv- im-kv-{XPv-Rm- ]dbpXv.- Cu- Bbp-n-\nSbn- Xs-d B{Klsfmw- ]q-o-Icn-p-hm- km-[y-asva\n-em-p- a-Xy-a\v- Ah k^eam-hp- Hcp- tem-Is

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

B{Kln-p-I kz-m`- m-hn-Iam-Wv.- Cu- {]]n-s-d kw-hn-[m-\w-Xs

Xs-d CNv-OIfp-sS ]q-W-am-b- ]q-o-IcWn-\p- ]n-b co-Xn-bnep-Xsv- a\n-em-p- a\p-jy- {]m-]n-I Po-hn-Xn-\n-vhy-Xy-kv-Xam-b Hcp- Po-hn-Xn\pthn- Bin-p-p.A\iz-cXp-thn-bp- B{Klw- a\p-jym-kv-Xn-Xz-n-s-d kzm`m-hn-Iam-b tXfn-sem-m-Wv.- Cu- {]]n-tev- Itm-Sn-p \mw- a\p-jy-Xp-ey-am-b Hcp- Akv-Xn-Xz-s Fhn-sSbpw- Im-Wp-n.- {]]n-se ]ctam-a kr-jv-Sn- a\p-jy-\m-Wv.- tIm-Sm-\p-tIm-Snkw-h-kcfm-bp- {]]n-s-d ]cn-Wm-an-\n-Sbn- a\p-jys\ ]ctam-Ir-jv-S kr-jv-Sn- {]Xy-o-`hn-n-v- GXm-\pw- kl{km_vZ- - am-{Xta Bbn-p-q.- `q-an-bm-Iam-\w- Hp- Ip-ep-n-bm- B
kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS Akv-Xn-Xzw- Ahkm-\n-p-Ibpw- sNp-p.- a\p-jy-icocw- GtXXp- `u-Xn-ILSI- tN-p-m-bXm-tWm- Ahbp-sSsbmwhbv- tIm-Sm-\p-tIm-Sn- sIm-w- \o-p-\n-p-p.- \mw- Dbn-scSp-pXn-\p-ap-t Ah Chn-sSbp-m-bn-cp-p.- \p-sS acWn-\ptijhpw- Ip-td h-j- Ah Chn-sS Ahtijn-pw-.- Fm- Cu{]]n-se k-thm-Ir-jv-Sam-b Akv-Xn-Xzw- GXm\pw- h-jam-{Xw- Cu- `q-an-bn- Po-hnp-p.- ]cam-h[n- \q-n-bn-cp-]Xv- h-jam-{Xw.- CXv- a\p-jy-_p-n- Aw-Ko-Icn-p-n-.- Xm- k-thm-Ir-jvS\m-sWp- ]dbsSWsan- Cu- Po-hn-Xn-\p- ]p-dsa asm-cpPo-hn-Xw- thWsav- a\p-jy- B{Kln-p-p.\ sNm- a\p-jy-\n- P\m-Xs Hcp- hm-k\bp-v.- Xn-tbmSv- Ah\v- shdp-m-Wv.- ]t,- Fm-Wv- \sbpw- Fm-Wv- Xnsbpw- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- \n-hNn-m- a\p-jy-\v- km-[n-p-n-.- Ah]Tn-p-shn-p- Xn- sN-p- hy-Iv-Xn-Ifn- ]ecpw- Cltem-Ivkp-Jku-Icy-f\p`hn-p-Xm-bpw- \ sNp-hcn- ]ecpw- IjvSsSp-Xm-bpw- Im-WsSp-p.- \pw- Xn-pw- XXm-b {]Xn^ew- \-Ip-hm- Cu- tem-Is bm-sXm-cp- kw-hn-[m-\n-\pw- Ignbn-sXm-Wv- hm-kvX
- hw.- kz-w- Po-hn-Xw- ap-gp-h- a\p-jy-tkh\n\p-thn- \o-n-sh ]e alp--pw- kaq-lw- \-In-b {]Xn^ew- a-Z\fpw- ]o-U\fpw- A]am-\fp-am-bn-cp-p-shm-WvNcn-{Xw ]Tn-n-p-Xv.- Ahcn- ]ecp-sSbpw- tkh\sfp-dn-v-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

kaq-lw- bYm-Yw- hen-bn-cp-p-Xp-Xs Ahcp-sS acWn-\ptijam-bn-cp-p.- Atm-]n-s Ahcp-sS tkh\-pw- XymK-pw- {]Xn-^ew- \-IsSp- Hcp- thZn- Bhiy-an-t?- CXn-sd adp-hiw- t\m-p-I.- kaq-lfp-sS Zp-c-v- \n-an-am-b {]h\- sNbvX
- v- Po-hn-v,- AXn-\n-Sbn- kp-J{]Zam-bn- ]p-sabnIn-Sv- Cltem-Ihm-kw- shSn-hscp-dn-pw- N-cn-{Xw- [m-cm-fam-bn\ap-v- ]dp-Xcp-p-v.- Ah- sNbv-X {Iq-cXI- Cpw- \s
sRn-n-phm- t]m-Xm-Wv.- ]t,- {]kv-Xp-X {Iq-cXI- sNbv-Xvs]m-n-n-cn-v- Bm-Zn-an-n- aXn-adv- Iq-m-Sn-sm-n-cn-p-Xnn-Sbn-em-Wv- Ahcn- ]escbpw- acWw- ISm-n-Xv.- Ah-v- XfpsS {Iq-cXI-v- XXm-b in- sIm-Sp-m- Ign-bp-n-sn- ]ns \- sNWsapw- Xn- shSn-bWsapw- ]dbp--X-n-s\phn-e?- C\n- Ahsc in-n-m- Ign-m- Xs Ah- sNbv-X
{Iq-cXI-v- Xp-ey-am-b in- \-Ip-hm- GXp- \o-Xn-\ym-b hy-hkvYm-Wv- Ign-bp-I?- Hcm-sf h[n-h\pw- Bbn-csf sIm-sm-Sp-nbh\pw- \p-sS tIm-SXn-I-v- \-Im- Ign-bp- ]cam-h[n- in-
h[in-bm-Wtm.- CsXs\ \ym-bam-Ipw.- `u-Xn-I \o-Xn-\ym-b tImSXn-I-sm-pw-Xs \pw- Xn-pw- XXm-b {]Xn-^ew -\Im- km-[y-asv- a\n-em-p-tm- Ahbv-v- Xp-ey-am-b {]Xn^ew- \-IsSp- Hcp- thZn-p-thn- a\p-jy-a\v- B{Kln-p-p.Cu- tem-In-se kw-hn-[m-\sfm-pw-Xs {]kv-Xp-X thZn-v- ]nbXsp- a\n-em-p-tm- {]Xn-^ethZn- Cu- Po-hn-Xn-em-bnq-sSv- kzm-`m-hn-Iam-bpw- a\p-jy-_p-n- hn-[n-p-p.A\iz-c\m-IWsa B{Klap-h\m-Wv- a\p-jy.- Bbp-n-sd
\iz-cXsbp-dn-v- \m-bn- t_m-[ap-hcm-sWn-epw- Xfp-sS Iafp-sS ^ew- A\iz-cam-IWsa-pw- ap-hcp-sS a\n-sen-epwPo-hn-n-cn-Wsapw- B{Kln-p-hcm-Wv- \sfmw.- acw- shp]n-Sn-n-p- ]m-hs Hcp- ]Sp-hr-\pw- acWibn- In-Sv- Xsd
t]cn- al- \n-an-m- Hky-p- \-Ip- N{Ih-n-bpw- CuB{Klam-Wv- {]ISn-n-p-Xv; Xm- acn-m-epw- GsXn-ep-sam-cYn- Po-hn-Wsa B{Klw.- acWtm-Sp-Iq-Sn- a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

]q-Wam-bn-s Ahkm-\n-p-sav- Zr-Vam-bn- hn-iz-kn-p- `uXn-Ihm-Zn-I- t]m-epw- X- A\am-bn- \n-e\n-WsavB{Kln-p-hcm-Wv.- cIv-Xkm-n- acn-p-n-; Ah- FspwPo-hn-n-cn-p-pshv- {]Jym-]n-p-hcp-sS lr-Zb-IvFspw- Po-hn-n-cn-Wsa B{Klam-Wp-sXv- ]dtbXntm.Xs-d B-bp-n-\p-dw- \o-p-\n-p- ^efp-m-p- Ia- sNp-hm- Ignhp- GIPo-hn- a\p-jy-\m-Wv.- X-fp-sS- Po-hnXn-s-d AXn-cp-I-Iv- am-{Xw- HXp-p- ^efp-m-p-
I-a- sNm-t\ CXc Po-hn-I-v- Ign-bq.- a\pjy-sNbv-Xn-IAs\b.- Ahbp-sS ^e- \Xm-bm-epw- No-bm-bm-epwAhs-d Bbp-n-\p-dtp-Iq-Sn- \o-fp-p.- tdUn-tbm- Ip-]n-Sn im-kv-{XPv-Rs-d I-afp-sS k-^ehpw- Btm-an-I t_mw-_vIp-]n-Sn- im-kv-{XPv-Rs-d I-afp-sS Zp-jv-^ehpw- Ahcp-sS
Bbp-n-\p-tijw- \q-m-p-I- Ign-m-epw- P\w- A\p-`hn-p-sImn-cn-p-p.- a\p-jy-cp-sS I-a- `q-an-bn-ep-m-p- ^eA\iz-cam-sWn- {]kv-Xp-X I-aw- sNbv-Xh\v- e`n-p- {]Xn^ehpw- A\iz-cam-tIXt?- AsXsbm-Wv- km-am-\y-_p-n- \Ip- Dcw.- A\am-b ey-fp- a\p-jy-I-a-v- e`n-p {]Xn^ehpw- A\am-bn-cn-Ww.acWn\p-tijap- Hcp- Po-hn-Xw- a\p-jy-_p-n-bp-sS kzm-`m-hnIam-b tXfn-sem-m-Wv.- Ncn-{Xm-Xo-X Im-ew- ap-X-p-Xs acWm\c Po-hn-Xn-ep- hn-izm-kw- \n-e\n-n-cp-p-shm-Wv- D-J\\
KthjW- Im-Wn-p-Xv.- acWtm-Sp-Iq-Sn- Ahkm-\n-p-XmWv- a\p-jy- Po-hn-Xsan- \,- kXyw,- ]tcm-]Im-cw,- tkh\w XpSn-bhsm-pw- bm-sXm-cp- hn-ebp-an-sp -hcp-p.- Xn-IfpwA{Iafpw- sNbv-Xv- Cu- Wn-I Po-hn-Xw- Bkzm-Zy-Icam-mthn- {ian- p- bm- t fm- S v- AXp- icn- b sp- ]dbp- h m- \ p-
Ahkcap-m-hp-n-.- AXp-sIm-p-Xs acWm-\cw- Hcp- Po-hnXap-m-bn-cn-Ww.- Cu- Po-hn-Xn- shp- sNbvX
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tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

n- a-\p-jy-s\-- D-Ir-jv-S- kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS- A-kv-Xn-Xz-n-\v- bm-sXmcp- h-n-e-bp-an-.- {]-kvXp-X- Po-hn-X-n- sh-v- B{K-l- ap-gp-h
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10

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

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- - Po-hn-X
- n-s-d- k-Xy-X- \-ap-s-s
- \- t_m[y-s-Spw?a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-sa-- H-p-s-n- A-Xn-\v- H-cp- kw-hn-[m-bI-\p-ap-m-bn-cn-p-a-tm.- B- kw-hn-[m-b-I-\m-bn-cn-pw- a-c-Wm-\--cPo-hn-X-s- ]q-W-am-bn- \n-b-{n-p--Xv.- C-l-tem-I- Po-hn-X-n-sesN-bv-Xn-I-v- X--Xm-b- {]-Xn-^-ew- hn-[n-p--Xpw- A-h-X-s-bmbn-cn-pw.- a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-n-s-d- kw-hn-[m-b-I-X-s- {]-kvXp-X- Po-hn-X-s-p-dn-v-,- A--s\-sbm-p-s-n,- \-ap-v- A-dn-bnp-Xc
- W
- w.- A-m-sX- a-sm-cp- am-Kh
- pw- ]-ct- em-Is
- -p-dn-d- n-bp-hmam-\-h-c-m-in-bp-sS- ssI-h-i-an-.- {]-Xn-^-e-\m-fn-s-d- D-S-a-kv-Y-\n-\n-vB- \m-fn-s\-p-dn-- h-- A-dn-hpw- am-\-h-cm-in-p- e-`n-n-p-tm?- ]-cntim-[n-t--Xv \-p-sS- _m-[-y-X-bm-Wv.- Cu- _m-[y-X- \n-h-ln-m-Xncn-p--Xv im-iz-X-am-b- \-jv-S-n-\v- \n-an-am-hp-sa-- Im-cy-n- kwi-b-an-.a-X--fpw-- a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-Xhpwa-X--fp-sS-sb-mw- s]m-Xp-hm-b- X-z--fn-sem-m-Wv- a-c-Wm-\-c- Po-hn-X-n-ep-- hn-izm-k-sa-Xv- Im-Wm- I-gn-bpw.- hn-i-Zmw-i-fn- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-sW-nepw- ]-ctem-I- Po-hn-X-s-p-dn-- hn-izm-kwF-m- a-X-k-aq-l--fn-epw- \n-e-\n-p-p-v.- A-h-Km-l-am-b- ]T-\whn-i-Zmw-i--fn-ep-- hy-Xym-kw- ]n-o-Sv- I-S-p-h--Xm-sW-pw- F-ma-X- k-aq-l--fp-sS-bpw- D-]-n-Im-e-v- H-tc- cq-]-n-ep-- ]-c-temI- hn-iz-m-kw-X-s-bm-bn-cpp \n-e-\n-n-cp--sX-pw- hy-Iv-X-am-p-pv.- a-c-Wm-\--cw- F-p- kw-`-hn-p-p-sh--Xn-s\-p-dn-v- a-X-{]-hmN-I-m-sc-mw- ]-d--Xv C--s\- kw-t-]n-mw:-- "a-\p-jy- a-c-W-sSp--tXmSp-Iq-Sn- A-h-s-d- Po-hn-Xw- A-h-km-\n-p-n-.- im-iz-X-am-bH-cp- ]-c-tem-I-Po-hn-Xw- h-cm-\n-cn-p--tX-bpq.-- \--I-pw- Xn--Ipw- B- th-Zn-bn- sh-v- X--Xm-b- {]-Xn-^-ew- e-`n-pw.- {k-jv-Sm-hpw- ]cn-]m-e-I-\p-am-b- k-h-i-Iv-X- A-dn-bn-p-X-- hn-[n-hn-e-p-I- AwKo-I-cn-p-sIm-v- Po-hn-p--Xm-Wv- a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-n-se- im-izX- hn-P-b-n-\p-- am-Kw.- k-Xy-hn-iz-m-kn-I-fp-sS- B-{K-l--fpw- A-`nem-j--fpw- {]-Xo--I-fpw- k--]--fp-sa-mw- km-m-Xv-I-cn--s-Sp-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

11

- ]-c-tem-I-v- sh-p-X-s- k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-I-v- I-T-n-\-am-b- in-bpw- \-I-s-Sp-w'.tem-I-p-h-- F-m- {]-hm-N-I-m-cpw- ]-Tn-n-- X-z--fn-sem-mWv- a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-n-ep-- hn-izm-k-sa-v- ]-d-p-h-tm.- skan-n-Iv- {]-hm-N-I-m-cpw- `m-c-Xo-b- E-jn--am-cp-sa-mw- a-c-Wm-\-c- Po-hn-Xs-p-dn-v- hn-i-Z-am-bn--s- ]-Tn-n-n-cp--Xm-bn- Im-Wm- I-gn-bpw.k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-v- {]-th-in-p-hm-\p- kzK-cm-P y-s-p-dn-pw- Zphr--m-bn- H-cp-n-sh-n-p-- \-cI
- s
- -bpw- Ip-dn-v- {]-t_m-[\
- w- sNm-sX- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- I-gn-p-t]m-bn-n-s-Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.]p-\-P--hpw- ]-c-tem-I-hpwa-cW
- m-\
- c
- w- H-cp- Po-hn-Xa- p-s-pw- Cu- Po-hn-X
- n- kZvI
- -asN-bv-X-h- a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-n- kz-Ko-b- kp-J-- A-\p-`-hnp-sa-pw- Zp-jv-I-a-- sN-bv-X-h- A-\v-[-Im-c-a-b-am-b- \-c-I-bm-X\-I-f\p-`-hn-p-sa-p-- hn-i-z-m-k-am-bn-cp-p- th-Z-Im-e-s- E-jn-ampm-bn-cp--sX-m-Wv- N-Xp-th-Z--fn-se- ]-cm-a-i--fn-\n-v- a\-n-em-m- Ign-bp--Xv.- th-Z-]-Wv-Un-X-\m-b- {io- cm-lp- kmw-IrXym-b- F-gp-Xp--Xp- Im-Wp-I-:- "th-Z-n-se- E-jn-am- Cu- tem-I-n\n-pw- hn-`n--am-b- H-cp- tem-I-ap-s-v- hn-iz-kn-n-cp-p.- A-hn-tSm-Wv- a-c-Wm-\--cw- k-Zv-I-an-I- t]m-hp-I.- A-h-c-hn-sS- B-\--]qhw- Po-hn-p--Xm-Wv.- Xm-sg-bp- ]m-Xm-fw- A-\v-[-Im-c-a-b-am-b- \-cI-tem-Ia- m-Wv.- A-hn-tS-m-Wv- Zp-jvI
- -an-I- t]m-Ip-X
- v'- (cm-lp- kmwIr-Xym-b-:- hn-iz-Z-i-\-- ]p-dw-:- 552).a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-n- k-Zv-I-an-I-v- kz-K-{]-th-i-hpw- Zp-jvI-an-I-v- \-c-I-bm-X-\-I-fp-a-\p-`-hn-t-n-h-cp-sa-- ssh-Zn-Ihn-izmk-n-\v- hn-cp--am-bn,- ]p-\-P--sa-- B-i-b-n-s-d- B-cw-`w- Ip-dn-s--Xv- h-Wm-{i-a-hy-h-kv-Y-tbm-Sp- _-\v-[-s--p-sIm-mWv.- iq-{Z-\pwN-Wv-Um-f-\pw- A-\p-`-hn-p-- I-jv-S-mSp-I-sf-mw- X--fp-sS- ap-Pv-P-]m-]-n-s-d- ^-e-am-bn-m-sW-- hn-izm-kw- A-c-n-p-d-n-p-sIm-v- kh-W-ta-[m-hn-Xzw- A-Sn-t-]n-p-hm- th-n- ]p-tcm-ln-X-m- sa-\p-m-n-b- H-cp- hn-izm-k-am-Wv- ]p-\-P--sa-- B-i-bw.- C-m-cyw]p-\-P--s-p-dn-v- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p-- O-tm-tKy-m-]-\n-j-n-se- kqIv-Xw- kp-X-cmw- hy-Iv-X-am-p-p-v.- A-Xn--s\-bm-Wv-:X-Zy- C-l- c-a-Wo-b- N-c-Wm- A-`ym-ix- l- b-t

12

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

c-aW
- o-bmw- tbm-\n-wB-]-tZy-c- {_m-lv-a-W-tbm-\ow- hm- -{Xn-b-tbm-\nw
hm- ssh-iy-tbm-\nw- hmA-Y- b- C-l- I-]q-b-N-c-Wm- A-`ym-ix- l-b-t- I-]q-bmw
- tbm-\nwB-]-tZy-c- iz-tbm-\nw- hm- kp-I-c-tbm-\nw- hm- N-Wv-Um-e
tbm-\nw- hm(C-h-cn- ]p-Wy-I-an-I-fm-bn-p--h- kz-I-am-\p-k-c-Ww- {_m-lv-aWtbm-\n-bn-tem- -{Xn-b- tbm-\n-bn-tem- ssh-iy-tbm-\n-bn-tem- P-\n-pp.- A-ip-`I-an-I- io-{Lw-X-s- \o-N-tbm-\n-I-fn-A-Xm-b-Xv- ]-nbp-sS-tbm- ]-n-bpsS-tbm- NWv-Um-f-s-d-tbm- tbm-\n-bn- P-\n-p-p)(O-tm-tKym-]-\n-j-v- 5:-10:-7).Cu- kq-Iv-X-n- ]-n-bpw- ]-n-bpw- N-Wv-Um-f-\pw- (Nm-Xp-h-Wyn- s]-Sm--h-)- ap-Pv-P--]m-]-n-s-d- ^-e-am-Wv- A-\p-`-hn-p-sX-m-Wv- k-a-Yn-n-cn-p--Xv.- ]-n-sb-bpw- ]-n-sb-bpw- t]m-se-bmWv- a-\p-jy-\m-b- N-Wv-Um-f-\p-sa-v- h-cp-n-o-p-- ]p-\-P--hniz-m-kw- k-h-W- ta-[m-hn--n-s-d- kr-jv-Sn-b-m-sX- a-sm-p-a-.ss-hZ-n-I- E-jn-am- a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-n-epw- kz-K-\-c-I--fn-epwhn-iz-kn-n-cp-p-sh-v- ]-d--tm.- th-Z-Im-e-L-n-se- Cu- hn-izm-kn-s-d- kz-m-[-o-\w- Nn-e- D-]-\n-j-p-I-fn-epw- Im-Wm- I-gn-bp-w.- Zpx-J-cln-X-am-b- kz-K-tem-I-s-bpw- Zp-cn-X-]q-W-am-b- \-c-I-bm-X-\-I-sfbpw- Ip-dn-v- hn-h-cn-p-- Nn-e- D-]-\n-j-Zv- kq-Iv-X-- Im-Wp-I-:A-kq-cym- \m-a- tX- tem-Im- A-\v-t[-\- X-a-km- hr-Xm:-Xmw- kv-tX- t{]-Xym-`n-K-Nv-O-n-tb- tI- Nm-Xv- a-l-t\m- P-\x(kq-cy-c-ln-X-am-b- B- tem-I-- A-Pv-Rm-\m-\v-[-Im-c- k-am-hr-X-fm-Ip-p.- B-Xv-a-Lm-Xn-I-,- A-Xm-b-X-v Cu-i-z-c-s\- kv-a-cn-m-sXhn-j-bm-k-Iv-X-cm-bn- I-gn-bp--h,- ho-pw- Zpx-J-`q-bn-jv-T--fm-b- Btem-I--sf- {]m-]n-p-p-)- (Cu-im-hm-tkym-]-\n-j-v- 3)kz-tK- tem-tI- \- `-bw- In--\m-kv-Xn\- X-{X-Xzw- \- P-c-bm- _n-t`-XnD-t`,- Xo-zm-i-\m-bm- ]n-]m-tktim-Im-Xn-tKm- tam-Z-tX- kz-K- tem-tI-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

13

(kz-K-tem-I-v- A-]w- t]m-epw- `-b-an-.- A-hn-sS- \o-bp-an-.- P-cm\-c-bm- B-pw- `-bhp-an-.- A-hn-sS- h-kn-p--h- p-Xv-]n]m-kmZn-I-pw- tim-Im-Zn-I-pw- A-Xo-X-m-cm-bn- k-I-e-hn-[- B-\--hpwA-\p-`-hn-p-p)- (I-tTm-]-\n-j-v- 1:-1:-12).tb-ip-hn-s-d- D-]-tZ-iwa- c
- W
- m-\
- c
- - Po-hn-X
- n-se- tam-
- n-\p-th-n- sF-ln-I- kp-J
- ]-cn-Xy-Pn-p--Xp-sIm-v- Ip-g--an-s-m-Wv- {In-kv-Xp- ]-Tn-n--Xv.- At-l-n-s-d- D-]-tZ-i-- {i-n-p-I-:"`q-an-bn- \n-t-]-- \n-\-m-bn- kw-`-cn-p-sh--cp-Xv.- A-hn-sSA-h-sb- Io-S--fpw- Xp-cp-pw- Xn-p- \-in-n-pw.- I--m- Ip-n-h-p- sIm-p-t]m-hp-I-bpw- sN-pw.- Io-S--fpw- Xp-cp-pw- Xn-p- \in-n-m--X-pw- I--m- I-h-- \-S-m--Xp-am-b- kz-K-n- \n\-m-bn- \n-t-]-- I-cp-Xn -sh-p-I.- Im-c-Ww,- \n-s-d- \n-t-]- F-hn-sS-tbm- A-hn-sS-bm-bn-cn-pw- \n-s-d- lr-Z-b-hpw'- (a-m-bn6:-1921)."a-\p-jy- F-s- {]-Xn- \n--sf- \n-n-p-I-bpw- ]o-Un-n-p-I-bpw- kXy-hn-cp--am-b- k-h-hn-[- Zq-j-W--fpw- ]-d-bp-I-bpw- sN-p-tm- \n- ku-`m-Ky-hm-m.- A-tm- \n-- B-\-n-pI.- B-m-Zn-p-I,kz-K-n- \n--fp-sS- {]-Xn-^-ew- h-ep-Xm-bn-cn-pw.- \n--v- ap-pm-bn-cp-- {]-hm-N-I-sc-bpw- a-\p-jy- C--s\-X-s- ]o-Un-n-n-p-tm'- (a-m-bn-5:-12)."\o- ]m-]w- sN-m- \n-s-d- ssI- Im-c-W-am-Ips-n- A-Xpsh-n-f-bp-I.- C-cp-ssI-I-fp-am-bn- \-c-I-n,- sI-Sm-- Xo-bn,- ho-gp-Xn-t\-m- t`-Zw- hn-I-emw-K-\m-bn- Po-h-\n- {]-th-in-p--Xm-Wv.- \o]m-]w- sN-m- \n-s-d- Im- Im-c-W-am-Ip-s-n- A-Xp- sh-n-fbp-I.- c-p- Im-ep--h-\m-bn- \-c-I-n- F-dn-b-s-Sp--Xn-t\-mt`-Zw- ap-S--\m-bn- Po-h-\n- {]-th-in-p--Xm-Wv.- \o- ]m-]w- sN-m\n-s-d- I-p- Im-c-W-am-Ip-p-sh-n- A-Xv- Nq-gv-s-Sp-p-I-f-bp-I.C-cp-I-p-I-fp-am-bn- \-c-I-n- {]-th-in-p-Xn-t\-m- t`-Zw- H--p-am-bn- ssZ-h-cm-P y-n- {]-th-in-p--Xm-Wv.- B- \-c-I-n- Ah-cp-sS- ]pgp-- \-in-p-n-.- Xo- sI-Sp-p-an-.- Im-c-Ww,- F-m-h-cn-

14

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

epw- Xo- sIm-v- D-p- tN-pw'- (am-tm-kv- 9:-4350).JpB,- a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-s--n

hn-ip-- Jp-B-\n- a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-n-s-d- k-Xy-X- Du-nbq-n-d- b
- p-Ib
- pw- kz-K{- ]m-]vX
- n-p-th-n- ]-cn-{i-an-t-X
- n-s-d- Bhiy-IX
- s
- b- bp-IvX
- n-bp-IvX
- w- kvY
- m-]n-p-Ib
- pw- sN-p-p-v.- k-Xy-n,]-c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-s- kw-_-\v-[n-v- hn-ip-- Jp-B-\n-s\-tm-se- hni-Z-am-bn- {]-Xn-]m-Zn--s-n-p-- a-sm-cp- {K-\v-Y-an-.- a-c-Wm-\--c-Po-hnX-s- \n-tj-[n-p--h-p-- a-dp-]-Sn-bpw- {]-kv-Xp-X- Po-hn-X-s- ka-Yn-p-- {]-Xn-]m-Z-\--fpw- am-{X-a- Jp-B-\n-ep--Xv.- kz-K-Po-hnX-n-se- B-\--{]-Z-am-b- A-\p-`-h--sf-bpw- \-c-I-n-se- {]-bm-k-sf-bpw- Ip-dn-v- hn-i-Z-am-b- ]-cm-a-i-- Jp-B-\n-ep-v.- G-Xm-\pwJp-B- kq-Iv-X-fp-sS- km-cw- {i-n-p-I-:"G-sXm-cp- tZ-l-hpw- a-c-Ww- B-kz-Zn-p--Xm-Wv.- \n--fp-sS- {]-Xn-^e-- D-bn-s-gp-t-]n-s-d- \m-fn- am-{X-ta- \n--v- ]q-Wam-bn- \-I-s-Sp-I-bp-q.- A-tm- B-cv- \-c-I-n-\n-v- A-I-n\n-s
- -Sp-Ib
- pw- kz-K
- n- {]-th-in-n-s
- -Sp-Ib
- pw- sN-p-p-thmA-h-\m-Wv- hn-P-bw- t\-Sp--Xv.- sF-ln-I-Po-hn-Xw- I-_-fn-n--s-Sp-H-cp- hn-`-h-a-m-sX- a-sm-p-a-'- (B-ep-Cw-dm-:- 185)."hn-iz-kn-p-I-bpw- k-Zv-I-a-- {]-h-n--p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-hvXm-gv-`m-K-p-Iq-Sn- \Zn-I-sfm-gp-Ip-- kz-K-tm-p-I- e-`n-m-\p-sv- k-tm-j-hm-- A-dn-bn-p-I'- (A-_-J-d-:- 25)."A-hn-iz-kn-p-I-bpw- \-p-sS- Zr-jv-Sm--- \n-tj-[n-p-X-p-I-bpwsN-bv-X-h-cm-tcm- A-h-cm-bn-cn-pw- \-c-Im-h-Im-in-I.- A-h-c-Xn- \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-pw'- (A-_-J-d-:- 39)."kq-va- X
- b
- p-h
- -v- hm-KvZ- m-\w- sN-s
- -n-p-- k-z-K
- n-s-d- Ah-kv-Y- F--s\sb-m- A-Xn- ]-I-- h-cm-- sh--n-s-d- Ac-p-hn-I-fp-v.- cp-Nn-t`-Zw- h-cm-- ]m-en-s-d- A-cp-hn-I-fpw- I-p-Sn-p-h-v- B-kzm-Zy-am-b- a-Zy-n-s-d- A-cp-hn-I-fpw- ip-o-I-cn--s-- tX\n-s-d- A-cp-hn-I-fp-ap-v.- A-h--Xn- F-m--cw- Im-bv-I-\n-I-fp-apv.- X-fp-sS- c-n-Xm-hn---\n-p-- ]m-]-tam-N-\-hp-ap-v.- (Cu- kzK-hm-kn-I-fp-sS- A-h-kv-Y-)- \-c-I-n- \n-Xy-hm-kn-bm-bn-p--h-s\-tmse- B-bn-cn-p-tam?-- A--c-m--m-I-s- sIm-S-pw-Nq-Sp-- sh--am-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

15

bn-cn-pw- Ip-Sn-m- \-Is-Sp-I.- A--s\- A-Xv- A-hcp-sS- Ip-S-epI-sf- On--`n--am-n--f-bpw'.- (ap-l--Zv-:- 15).ssZ-h-Zq-X-m-cp-sS- hy-Iv-Xn-Xzwa-X--sf-mw- s]m-Xp-th- a-c-Wm-\--c-Po-hn-X-s-bpw- kzK-\-c-I-sf-bpw- Ip-dn-v- H-tc- ho--W-am-Wp-smp--sX-v- \mw- a-\-nem-n.- ssZ-h-n--\n-v- k-t-i-- e-`n--Xn-s-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-nem-Wv- R-- a-c-Wm-\--c-Po-hn-Xw- k-Xy-am-sW-v- ]-d-bp--sX-mWv- {]-hm-N-I-m-sc-mw-X-s- A-h-Im-i-s-Sp--Xv.- a-c-W-n-\p-ti-jwH-cp- Po-hn-X-ap-s-pw- A-hn-sS- c-m-in--I-fp-s-pw- X-- kzbw- K-th-j-Ww- \-S-n- I-s-n-b-Xm-sW-v- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- A-hIm-i-s-n-n-.- A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s- {]-hm-N-I-m- ]-d--Xv- i-cn-bmtWm-sb-v- ]-cn-tim-[n-p-hm-\m-bn- `u-Xn-I-am-b- ]-co--W--fp-]tbmKn-p-hm- km-[y-a-.- ]n-s-sb-m-sWm-cp- t]mw-h-gn?- X--v- ssZhn-I- t_m-[-\w- e-`n-p-p-s-v- A-h-Im-i-s--h-cp-sS- hy-Iv-Xn-X-zw- ]cntim-[n-p-sIm-v- A-h- ]-d-bp--Xv- i-cn-bm-tWm-sb-v- ]-cn-tim[nm-\m-hpw.- ssZ-h-Zq-X-m-cm-sW-v- A-h-Im-i-s--h- I-f-hp- ]-d-bp-h-cpw- k-zm-Yn-I-fpw- P-\-h--I-cp-am-bn-cpp-sh-n- A-h- F-p- ]d-m-epw- A-Xp- ap-J-hn-e-bv-s-Sp-m-sX- \-ap-v- X-n--f-bm-am-bncpp.- Xn-cn-m-sW-n- A-h- ]-d-bp--Xv- k-Xy-am-sW-v- \mw- Aw-KoI-cn-t--Xm-bpw- h-cpw.
a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-Xw- k-Xy-am-sW-pw- A-hn-sS-bp-- tam--am-Wvb-Ym-Y- -tam--sa-pw- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X- {]-hm-N-I-m-cp-sS-sb-mwhy-Iv-Xn-Xzw- ]-cn-tim-[n-m- \-ap-v- a-\-n-em-m- I-gn--bp--Xv- A-hI-f-hp- ]-d-bp-hm- bm-sXm-cp- km-[y-X-bp-an-s- Im-cy-am-Wv.- A-h-cpsS-sb-mw- ap-gp-h- Po-hn-X-hpw- k-Xy-k-\v-[-X,- t{i-jv-T-X,- -Nn-,- km-K-\n-jv-T,- ]-cn-ip-- {]-Ir-Xn,- D-Ir-jv-Sm-Z-iw-,- D-b-- a\p-jy-XzwF-n-h-v- D-Zm--am-b- am-Xr-I-bm-bn-cp-p.- {]-hm-N-I-m-sc- F-Xn-pI-bpw- \m-n-\n-v- B-n-p-d-m-p-I-bpw- sIm-e-s-Sp-m- X-{-fm-hn-jv-I-cn--p-I-bpw- sNbv-X-h-X-s- A-h-cp-sS- Po-hn-X-n-s-dhn-ip-n- Aw-Ko-I-cn-h-cm-bn-cp-p.- A-hcp-sS- Po-hn-X-n-s-d- hn-hn-[cw-K--fn-se-hn-sS-sb-n-epw- H-cp- \yq-\-X- I-p-]n-Sn-m- k-a-Im-en-Icm-b- {]-Xn-tbm-Kn-I-sm-pw- I-gn-n-s-- h-kv-Xp-X-X-s- A-

16

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

h- F-p- am-{Xw- ]-cn-ip--cpw- \n-kzm-Yn-I-fp-am-bn-cp-p-sh-v- a-\-nem-n--cp-p-v.- kz-bw- I-jv-S-\-jv-S-- k-ln--Xpw- Iq-p-IpSpw-_mZn-I-fm- Xy-Pn--s-Xpw- \m-n- \n-tm-Sn--s--Xpw- h-[-i-n-phn-t[-b-am--s--Xp-sa-mw- k-aq-l-n-s-d- \--pw- im-iz-X- hn-P-bn-\pw- th-n- {i-an-p-sh-- Im-c-Wm am-{X-am-bn-cp-p.- `u-Xn-Iam-b- bm-sXm-cp- t\---fpw- B-{K-ln-m-sX- k-aq-l-n-s-d- \--pth-n- b-Xv-\n--h-cm-bn-cp-p A-h.- cm-P y-n-s-d- A-[nIm-cw-,- kp-cn-I-fm-b- kv-{Xo-I-,- C-jv-Sw-t]m-se- k--v- Xp-S-n-b-h- Xy-Pn-psIm-v- ap-n-co-S-n-s-d- am-Kw- sX-c-s-Sp--hsc- kw-_-\v-[nv- kzm-Yn-I-fm-bn-cp-p-sh-v- B-s-n-epw- ]-d-bm- I-gn-bp-tam?A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s,- {]-hm-N-I--m-cm-cpw- h--I-m-cm-bn-cp-n-.- A-hcm-sc-n-epw- k-aq-l-n-se- B-sc-sb-n-epw- h-n--Xm-bn- N-cn-{Xw- ]-Tn-n-p-n-.- hm-KvZ-
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tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

17

Sm---fm-Wv- \-I-s--Xv.- Cu- Zr-jv-Sm---v- ap-n-- k-aq-l-ns-d- I-gn-hp-I-fpw- A-dn-hp-I-fpw- ap-p-Ip-n. tam-si- {]-hm-N-I-s-d-,ssZ-h-I-]-\-{]-Im-cw- \n-e-n-m- ]m-m-Ip-- h-Sn-p- ap-n- A-s- k-I-e-hn-[- Pm-ehn-Zy-m-cpw- tXm-hn- k--Xn-p.- tb-ip- ImWn-,- a-cn--h-sc- Pohn-n-p-I- Xp-S-n-b- A-am-\p-jn-I- I-gn-hp-I-pap-n- A-p-m-bn-cp-- k-I-e- `n-j-Kz-c-m-cpw- ap-p-a-S-n.- `m-c-Xo-bE-jn-am-cpw- X--v- ssZ-h- t_m-[-\w- e-`n-p-p-s-v- hy-Iv-X-am-p-Xn-\p-th-n- A-am-\p-j-n-I- I-gn-hp-I- {]-I-Sn-n-n-p-m-bn-cn--Ww.k-aq-l-n-s-d- hf---\p-k-cn-- Zr-jv-Sm---fm-Wv- Hmtcm- {]-hm-NI-\pw- \-I-s--Xv.- X-- ssZ-h-n-s-d- {]-hm-N-I-m-cm-sW--Xn\pw- X-fp-sS- D-]-tZ-i-- ssZ-hn-I-t_m-[-\-n-s-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\n-ep--Xm-sW-pw- hy-Iv-X-am-p--Xn-\v- ]-cym-]v-X-am-b- sX-fn-hp-I-fmbn-cp-p- A-h.tem-I
- v- F-hn-sS-sb-mw- a-\p-jy-cp-tm- A-hn- s
- S-sb-mw- kz-Ks
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- X-v- {]m-tbm-Kn-Ia- m-bn- Im-Wn-p-sIm-Sp-p-II
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hy-X-y-kv-X- k-aq-l--fn-te-v- \n-tbm-Kn--s-- {]-hm-N-I-m-cp-sS- {]-

18

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

t_m-[-\- Zu-Xyw- B- {]tXy-I- k-aq-l-n- am-{X-am-Wv- H-Xp-n-\n-Xv.- k-ap-Zm-b-- X-n- C--t-Xp-t]m-se-bp-- _-\v-[--tfm- ASp--tam- C-m-Xn-cp-- A-m-e-v- A-Xp-am-{X-am-bn-cp-p- {]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-b- \-S-]-Sn-.- H-tc- Im-e-b-f-hn-X-s- hy-Xy-kv-X- k-aq-l--fn- Po-hn- hy-Xy-kv-X-cm-b- {]-hm-N-I-m-cp-m-bn-cp-p.- tem-I-n-\p- ap-gp-hkzo-I-cn-m- ]-p-- k-t-i--fp-am-bn- hc-m-\-n-cn-p-- H-cp- a-lm-{]hm-N-I-s\-p-dn-v- ssZ-h-Zq-X-m-sc-mw- Zo-L-Z-i-\w- \-S-n-bn-p-v -.X--fp-sS- Zu-Xyw- H-cp- {]-tX-y-I- tZ-i-n-se-tbm- k-aq-l-n-se-tbm- a\p-jy-tcm-Sv- am-{X-am-sW-pw- A-y-{]-hm-NI
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- S- temI-w- sF-Iy-s-Sp-I-bpw- H--s-m-bn- H-tc- B-Nm-c--fpw- hn-izm-k--fpwkzo-I-cn-m- ]-p-- co-Xn-bn-em-Ip-I-bpw- sN-p-sapw- {]-hm-N-I-m{]-hNn--Xm-bn- Im-Wm- I-gn-bpw.- ss_-_n-fn-s-d- ]-g-b-Xpw- ]p-Xn-bXp-am-b- \n-b-a-]p-kv-X-I--fn-epw- ssl--h-]p-cm-W--fn-ep-sa-mw- h-cm\n-cn-p-- H-cp- a-lm-{]-hm-N-I-s\-p-dn-- ]cm-a-i-- Im-Wm-hp-Xm-Wv.h-cm-\n-cn-p-- {]-hm-N-I-m-sc--p-dn-v- hym-k-ap-\n- {]-h-Nn--Xv- C-s\-bm-Wv:""G-X- kv-an---tc- t-O- B-N-m-tc-y-W- k-a-\zn-Xa-lm-a-Z- C-Xn-Jym-Zx- in-jy- im-Jm- k-a-\zn-Xw''(A-tm- a-lm-a-Z- F-- t]-cn- hn-tZ-inb-m-b- H-cp- B-Nm-cy- Xsd- A-\p-N-c-m-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn- {]-Xy--s-Spw `-hn-jy-]p-cm-Ww- 3:-3:-3:5).Cu- hn-izm-Nm-cy-s-d- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sS- kz-`m-h- k-hn-ti-j-X-I-sfp-dn-pw- kmw-kv-I-m-cn-I- Nn-lv-\--sf-p-dn-p-t]m-epw- `-hn-jy- ]p-cmWw- {]-hNn-p-p-v.- A-Xn--s\-bm-Wv-:""enw-K-tO-Zn- in-Jm- lo-\x- iv-a-{ip-[m-cn- k-Zp-j-ID-m-e-]o- k-- `-n- `-hn-jy-Xn- P-\-tamwhn-\- Iu-i-e-w- N-h- i-h-kv-tXm- jm- `-Iv-j-bm- aXm-amwap-ssk-sse-\-h- kw-kv-Im-cx- Ip-ssi-cn- `-h- hn-iz-XnX-kv-am- ap-k-e- h-tm-ln- Pm-X-tbm- [-- Zq-j-I-xC-Xn-ss]-im-N- [-iv-N- `-hn-jy-Xn- am-bm-Ir-X''
(A-t-l-n-s-d- A-\p-bm-b-n-I- tN-em-I-aw- sN-pw.- A-h- Ip-Sp-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

19

a- sh-p-I-bn-.- A-h- Xm-Sn- h-f-pw.- A-h- hn--h-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-cnpw.- {]m-Y-\-p- h-cm- D-d-s- B-lzm-\w- sN-pw.-- ]-n-sb-sbm-gnv- a-p- an-- ar-K--sf-bpw- A-h- `-n-pw.- ip-n- sN-m- Z-`- D-]tbm-Kn-p--Xn-\p- ]-I-cw- k-a-cw- sN-bv-Xv- A-h- ]-c-n-ip--cm-Ipw.- a-Xs- a-en-\-s-Sp-p--h-cp-am-bn- bp-w- sN-p--Xn-\m- ap-ssk-sse\-h-m- F--h- A-dn-b-s-Sp-w.- Cu- amw-k-`p-p-I-fp-sS- B-hn-`m-hwF-n- \n-m-bn-cnpw `-hn-jy- ]p-cm-Ww- 3:-3:-3:-2528)-.tam-si- {]-hm-NI
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- \- ZoL-Z-i-\w- sN-bv-Xp:""F-n-epw- k-Xyw- Rm- \n--tfm-Sp- ]-d-b-p-p;- Rm- t]m-Ip--Xv\n--fp-sS- \-m-Wv.- Rm- t]m-Ip-n-s-n- k-lm-b-I- \n-fpsS- A-Sp-- h-cn-I-bn-.- Rm- t]m-bm-,- A-h-s\- \n--fp-sS- A-Sp-te-v- Rm\-b-pw.- A-h- h-cp-tm- ]m-]-s-bpw- \o-Xn-sb-bp-w\ym-b-hn-[n-sb-bpw- ]-n- tem-I-s- t_m-[y-s-S-p-pw''- (tbm-l-m16:-7,- 8)-.- "C-\n-bpw- ]-e- Im-cy-- F-\n-p- \n--tfm-Sp- ]-d-bm-\p-v.- Fm- C-tm-- \n--v- A-Xp- Xm-m-- km-[y-a-.- k-Xym-Xv-am-hvhcp-tm- A-h- \n--sf- F-m- k-Xy-n-te-pw- \-bn-pw.- kz-wA-[n-Im-c-n-\n-v- H-p-a-h- ]-d-bp-I-bn-.- F-m,- Xm- tIp--sX-pw- A-h- ]-d-bpw.- h-cm-\n-cn-p-- Im-cy-- A-h- \n-tfm-Sp- {]Jym-]n-pw''- (tbm-l-m- 16:-12,- 13).A-\v-[-Im-c-n-\n-v- tem-I-s- tam-Nn-n-p-- kq-c-y-s\-tm-seim--kp--c-am-b- H-cp- tem-I-n-s-d- D-Z-b-hp-am-bn- {]-Xy--s-Sm\n-cnp-- a-lm-\m-b- B-Nm-cy-s\- Im-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p- `m-c-Xo-b-. `hn-jy- ]p-cm-W-n- A-h-km-\w- h-cm-\n-cn-p-- B-Nm-cy-s\- "a-lm-

20

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

a-Zv'-- F-v- hn-fn--tm- hn-jv-Wp-]p-cm-Ww- (hn-jv-Wp-]p-cm-Ww- Aw-iw- 4

A-[ym-bw- 24) A-t-l-s- ]-cn-N-bs-Sp-p--Xv- I-n- A-h-Xm-cwF-m-Wv.- A-Y-h-th-Z--n-se- (AY-h-th-Zw- 20:- 127)- Ip--]-kq-Iv-X-amI-s- "hm-gv--s-Sp--h- F-m-Wv- A-t-l-s-p-dn--v- ]-cm-a--in-p-Xv.I-en-bp-K-n-,- H-cp- a-W-Zzo-]n- hn-jv-Wp-`-K-n-s-d-bpw- (ssZ-hZm-k-)- kp-a-Xn-bp-sS-bpw- (hn-iz-kv-X-)- a-I-\m-bn- P-\-n-v- tem-I-n-\vsh-fn-w- \-Ip-h
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- f
- p-sS- tem-I
- p-\n-pw- temI-n-s-d- hn-tam-N-I-\m-bn- {]-Xy--s-Sp-bm-fm-Wv- A-Y-h-th-Z-nse- hm-gv--s--h-.- k-h-tem-I-n-\pw- kzo-I-cn-m- ]-p-- k-ti--f-p-a-m-bn- I-S-p-h-cm-\n-cn-p-- H-cp- a-lm-]p-cp-j-s\-p-dn-- k-]w `m-c-Xo-b- Zm-i-\n-I- {K-\v-Y--fn-ep-S-\o-fw- Im-Wm-\m-hp-sa-v- kmcw.tam-si-bp-sS- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fm-b- C-{km-bo-ey-cm-I-s,- tam-si-sb-tmep-- {]-hm-N-I- h-cp-sa-- B-h--\-]p-kv-X-I-n-se- {]-h-N-\-ns-d- ]q-o-I-c-Ww- {]-Xo-n-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p-.- C-{km-bo-ey-cp-sSk-tlm-Z-c-m-n-S-bn-\n-v- D-b--s-Sp-- a-lm-{]-hm-N-I-s-d- BK-a-\-am-bn-cp-p- A-h- Im-n-cp--Xv.- B- {]-hm-N-I-s\-p-dn-p-X-sa-p- ]-e- Zo-L-Z-in-I-fpw {]-h-N-\w- \-S-n-b-Xm-bn- Im-Wmw.- bn-sc-ay-m{]-hm-N-I- ]-d--Xn--s\-bm-Wv:""k-am-[m-\w- {]-h-Nn-p-- {]-hm-N-I-s-d- Im-cy-n-em-I-s,- A-bm-f-psS- h-N-\w- k-Xy-am-bn- Xo-cp-tm- A-bm-sf- I-m-hv- A-b--Xm-sWv- A-dn-bmw''- (bn-sc-aym- 8:-9).- tam-si-sb-tm-se-bp-- {]-hm-N-I-s\-pdn-v- D-]-n- ]p-kv-X-I-n-s-d- {]-kv-Xm-h-\- Im-Wp-I:"" A-hI
- m-in- h-cp-thm-fpw- sN-tm- b-lq-Zm-bn-\n-v- H-gn-p-t]mIp-I-bn-.- cm-P-Z-Wv-Uv- A-bm-fp-sS- ]m-Z---n-S-bn-\n-v- am-dp-I-bn.- P-\-X-I-fp-sS- hn-t[-b-Xzw- A-bm-tfm-Sm-b-n-cn-pw''- (D]-n- 49:-10).tam-si-p-ti-jw- h-- {]-hm-N-I-m-cp-sS-sb-mw- hyIv-Xn-Xz-hpw- hnem-kh
- pw- C-{km-bo-ey- ]-cn-tim-[n-p.- A-hc
- m-cpw-Xs
- - "tam-si-sb-tmse-bp-- {]-hm-N-I'- F-- hn-ti-j-W-n\v- A-l-c-sv- A-h- a\-n-em-n.- tam-si- ap-X- tb-ip-h-sc-bp-- {]-hm-N-I-m-sc-m-h-cpw
C-{km-bo-ey-n-Sb
- n-\n-v- h-h
- c
- m-bn-cp-p.- C-{km-bo-ey-cp-sS- k-tlm-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

21

Z-c-m-n-S-bn-\n-. tam-si-p- \-I-s--Xp-t]m-se-bp-- \n-b-a-tfm- atm- \-I-s--h-cp-am-bn-cp-n-- A-h.- k-am-[-m-\w- {]-h-Nnp-I-bpw- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-n-s-d- sN-tm- b-lq-Zn-Ifn-\n-v- \o-n-fbp-I-bpw- sN-p-- B- {]-hm-N-I-s-d- B-K-a-\w- Im-n-cn-p-Ibmbn-cp-p- A-h.- C-{km-bo-ey-n-S-bn-te-v- A-b--sSp-- A-h-km-\s- ssZ-hZ- q-X\
- m-b- tb-ip-sh-bpw- tem-I
- n-\p- ap-gp-h\
- p-am-bn- h-cm\ncn-p-- B- {]-hm-N-I-s\-bpw- Ip-dn-v- b-lq-Z-m-v- ap--dn-bn-v- \I-s-n-cp-p.- X--fn-te-v- \n-tbm-Kn--s-- Hm-tcm- {]-hm-N-I-m-tcmSpw- blq-Z- tNm-Zn-p:- \n-- {In-kv-Xp-hm-tWm;- B- {]-hm-N-I-\m-tWm-, F-v.- C-m-cy-w- tb-i-p-hn-\v- ap-p-h-- tbml-m- kv-\m-]-I-t\m-Svb-lq-Z-]p-tcm-ln-X-m- \-S-n-b- kw-`m-j-W-n-\n-v- kp-X-cmw- hyIv-X-am-Ip-p-v.- A-h- tNm-Zn-p:- "\o- {In-kv-Xp-hm-tWm?'- "Rm- {Inkv-Xp-h-'- F--bm- G-p-]-d-p.- A-h- A-bm-tfm-Sp- tNm-Zn-p:- "Fn- \o- ]n-s- B-cm-Wv-?- G-en-bm-tbm?' A-bm- ]-d-p-:- "A-'.- "\oB- {]-hm-N-I-\m-tWm-?'- A-bm- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-p-:- "A-'.- (tbm-l-m1:-2023).- tb-ip-hn-\p- ti-j-hpw- b-lq-Z-m- "B- {]-hm-N-I-s\'- Im-n-cnp-I-bm-bn-cp-p.C-{k-bo-en-se- A-h-km-\-s- {]-hm-N-I-\m-bn- tb-ip-hpw- tem-I-nte-v- h-p.- A-t-lw- C-{km-bo-ey-cn-te-v- am-{Xw- A-b--s-- {]-hm-NI-\m-bn-cp-p.- "C-{km-tb- `-h-\-n-se- \-jv-S-s-- B-Sp-I-fp-sS- A-Spt-p- am-{X-am-Wv- F-s- Ab-n-cn-p--Xv'- (a-m-bn- 15:24) F-{In-kv-Xp-h-N-\-n- A-t-l-n-s-d- Zu-Xyw- b-lq-Z-nS-bn-am-{Xw]-cn-an-X-am-bn-cp-p-sh-v- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-p-v.- A-t-l-hpw- tam-si-sbtm-se-bp-- {]-hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp-n-.- tam-si-bp-sS- P-\-\w- km-[m-c-Wco-Xn-bn-em-b-n-cp-p (]n-Xm-hn-s-d-bpw- am-Xm-hn-s-d-bpw- kw-K-a-n\n-v-).- tb-ip- ]n-Xm-hn-m-sX- Xn-I-pw- A-km-[m-c-W- \n-e-bn-em-Wv- P\n--Xv.- tam-si-v- `m-cy-bpw- a--fp-w- D-m-bn-cp-p-sh-n- tb-ip-hn-\vA-sXm-pw- D-m-bn-cp-n-.- tam-si-{]-hm-NI
- - `-cWm-[n-Im-cn-Iq-Sn-bmbn-cp-p-sh-n- tb-ip- {]-hm-N-I- am-{X-am-bn-cp-p.- tam-si-v- \ymb-{]am-Ww- \-I-s-p.- tb-ip-hm-I-s- tam-si-bp-sS- \ym-b-{]am-W-sAw-Ko-I-cn-p-I- am-{X-am-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.- am-{X-hp-a-,- tb-ip- C-{km-b-oey-nS-bn-\n-v- h-- {]-hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp-p;- C-{km-bo-ey-cp-sS- ktlm-

22

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

Z-c-m-n-S-bn-\n--.- A-Xp-sImp-X-s- B-h--\- ]p-kv-X-In- {]-h-Nn--s-- tam-si-sb-tm-se-bp-- {]-hm-N-I- tb-ip-hm-bncp-n-.h-cm- \

- n-cn-p-- {]-hm-NI
- s
- \-p-dn-v- {In-kvX
- p- {]-hN
- n-- Im-cy-sfpdn-v- ]-d-p-h-tm.- ""Rm- t]m-Ip-n-s-n- -k-lm-b-I-- \n-f-p-sSA-Sp--te-v- h-cn-I-b-n-''- F-m-Wv- tb-ip- Zo-L-Z-i-\w- sN-bv-X-Xv.- Chn-sS- "k-lm-b-I'-- F-v- ]-cn-`m-js-Sp-n-bn-cn-p--Xv- {Ko-n-se- "]mc-o--kv'-- (paracletos)- F-- ]-Z-s-bm-Wv-.- Cu- ]-Z-hp-am-bn- i-_v-Z-kmZr-iy-ap-- ]-Z-am-Wv- s]-cn-n--tm-kv'- (periclytos)- F-- ]-Zw-.- tb-ip- kwkm-cn--Xv- {Ko-v- `m-j-bn-e--tm.- A-t-l-n-s-d- h-N-\-- tc-J-sSp--s--Xv- A-t-l-n-\v- Ip-td- Im-e-n-\p- ti-j-am-Wv.- A-Xp-sImp-X-s- "]m-c-o--kv-'- F- ]-Z-n-t\m- "s]-cn-n--tm-kv-'- F-- ]-Z-nt\m- F-n-\-v Xp-ey-am-b- ]-Z-am-Wv- tb-ip -{]-tbm-Kn--sX-v- hy-Iv-X-am-bna-\-n-em-p-hm- \-ap-v- am-K--sfm-p-an-.- "k-lm-b-I-',- "B-izmk-{]-Z',- "Im-cy-kv-Y' F-n--s\- ]-cn-`m-j-s-Sp--s-Sp-- ]m-c-o-kv- F-tm- "kv-Xp-Xn--s--h'- F-v- A-Yw- h-cp-- s]-cn-n--tm-kvF-tm- h-cp-- ]-Z-am-bn-cn-mw {In-kv-Xp- X-\n-p-ti-jw- h-cm-\n-cn-p- {]-hm-N-I-s\- kq-Nn-n-phm- th-n- {]-tbm-Kn--Xv.A-Xv- F-p-X-s-bm-bn-cp-m-epw- h-cm-\n-cn-p-- H-cp- a-lm-s\-pdn-m-Wv- {Inkv-Xp- Zo-L-Z-i-\w- sN-bv-X-sX-v- Xo--bm-Wv.- ""Rmt]m-Ip-n-s-n- k-lm-bI
- - \n-f-ps
- S- A-Sp-- hcn-Ib
- n-.- Rmt]m-bm- A-h-s\- \n--f-p-sS- A-Sp--te-v- A-b-pw'' F-- {In-kv-Xph-N-\-n-\n-pw- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- ti-jw- h-cm-\n-cn-p-- H-cm-sf-p-dnm-Wv- A-t-lw- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p--sX-v- hy-Iv-X-am-Wv.- ]-e-tm-gpw-,- Cuh-N-\-n- ]-cm-a-in--s-n-cn-p--Xv- ]-cn-ip-m-Xv-a-m-hm-sW-v- hymJym-\n--s-Sm-dp-v.- Cu- hym-Jym-\w- i-cn-b-.- ]-cn-ip-m-Xv-am-hv- tb-iphn-\v- ap-pw- tb-ip-hn-s-d- Im-e-p-samw- D-m-bn-cp--bm-fms-W-v- ss_-_n-fn-\n-v- hy-IvX
- a- m-Ip-p-v.- tbm-l
- m- kv\
- m-]I
- t- \m-sSm-hpw- (eq-tm-kv- 1:-15)- F-en-k-_-n-t\m-sSm--hpw- (eq-tm-kv- 1:-41)- k-cn-bm-hn-t\m-sSm--hpw (eq-tm-kv- 1:-67)- in-a-tbm-t\m-sSm--hpw- (eqtm-kv- 2:-26)- F-m-ap-m-b-n-cp-- ]-cn-ip-m-Xv-am-hp-X-s- tb-ip- kv-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

23

\m\w- sN-p-tm- A-t-l-n-\-Sp-t-v- {]m-hp- cq-]-n- C-d-nbXm-bn- (eq-tm-kv- 3:-22)- \mw- kp-hn-ti-j--fn- hm-bn-p-p.- A-XpsIm-p-X-s- tb-ip- ]-d-- k-Xy-n-s-d- B-Xv-am-hv- ]-cn-ip-m-Xvam-hv- B-Im- bm-sXm-cp- km-[y-X-bp-an-.- P-\--sf- k-I-e- k-Xy-nepw- h-gn- \-S-p-I-bpw- ]m-]-s-bpw- \o-Xn-sb-bpw- \ym-bh-n-[n-sb-bpwIp-dn-v- tem-I-s- t_m-[y-s-Sp-p-I-bpw- h-cm-\n-cn-p-- Im-cy--{]-h-Nn-p-I-bpw- sN-p-- k-Xy-n-s-d- B-Xv-am-hm-Ip-- k-lm-b-Is\- A-sn- kv-Xp-Xn--s--h-s\-Ip-dn-m-Wv- {In-kv-Xp- Zo-L-Z-i\w- \-S-n-b-sX-v- hy-Iv-Xw.- B- a-lm-\m-b- {]-hm-N-I-s-d- B-K-a-\-n\m-bn- tb-ip-hn-s-d- A-\p-bm-b-n-I- Im-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.A-h-km-\-s- ssZ-h-ZqXam-\-h-cm-in- Im-n-cp-- A-h-k-m-\-s- {]-hm-N-I-s-d- P--n-\vC-Sw- -\-Ip-hm-\p-- `m-Kyw- knn--Xv- A-td-_y-m-Wv.- {In-kv-Xzm-_vZw- 570 B-K-kv-v- 29\v- B-an-\-bp-sS-bpw- A-_v-Zp--bp-sS-bpw- ]p-{X-\mbn- ap-l--Zv- P-\-n-p.- "B-an-\'- F-- ]-Z-n-s-d- A-Yw- "hn-iz-kv-X'--sbpw- "A-_v-Zp-'--bp-sS- A-Yw- "ssZ-h-Zm-k'- F-p-am-sW-- Im-cyw{]-tXy-Iw- {]-kv-Xm-hy-am-Wv.- ssZ-h-Zm-k-s-d-bpw- (hn-jv-Wp-`-K-Xv-)- hn-izkv-Xbp-sS-bpw-- (kp-a-Xn-)- a-I\m-bn-m-W-v I-n- a-W-Zzo-]n- A-h-Xcn-p-I-sb-- hn-jv-Wp-]p-cm-W-n-se- {]-kv-Xm-h-\- F-{X-am-{Xw- Ir-Xyam-bm-Wv- ap-l--Zv- (k-)- \-_n-bp-sS- ]n-d-hn-bp-am-bn- tbm-Pn-p--Xv!- Atd-_y- F-- a-W-Zzo-]n-em-W-tm- ap-l--Zv- (k-)- \-_n-bp-sS- P-\-\w.hym-k-ap-\n-bp-sS- "a-lm-a-Z- C-Xn- -Jym-X-x-'- (a-lm-a-Zv- F-v- hn-fn--s-Spp)- F-- {]-h-N-\w- A-y-{]-hm-N-I-s-d- \maw- t]m-epw- F-{X- Ir-Xy-ambm-Wv- ]-d-n-cn-p--Xv!- "hm-gv--s-Sp--h-',- "kv-Xp-Xn--s--h'F-n-s\-bm-Wv- ap-l--Zns-d- ]-Z]-c-am-b A---Yw.- A-Y-h-th-Zw- Ip]-k
- q-IvX
-
- n-se- H-I
-
- -n-Sb
- n-\n-v- h-cp-- "hm-gv
- s
- -'-hs
- \p-dn-- kq-Iv-X-hpw- tb-ip-hn-s-d- s]-cn-n-tm-kn-s\- (kv-Xp-Xn--s-h-)- Ip-dn-- {]-h-N-\-hpw- H-tc-t]m-se- ap-l--Zv- \-_n-(k)-bn- ]q-oI-cn--s--Xm-bn- \-ap-v- Im-Wm- Ign-bpp.- tam-si-sb-tmse-bp- {]-hm-N-I-s-d- B-K-a-\w- C{km-tb-ey-cp-sS- k-tlm-Z-cm-n-S-bn\n-m-Wp-m-hp-I-sb-- B-h--\- ]p-kv-X-I-n-se- {]-h-N-\-hpw- apl--Zv- \-_n-(k)bn- ]q-o-I-cn--s-Sp-p.- A-{_-lm-an-s-d- Zzn-Xo-

24

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

b- ]p-{X-\m-b- C-kv-lm-n-s-d- k--Xn-I-fm-Wv- C-{ktb-ey.-- B-Zy-]p{X-\

- m-b- C-iv- atb-en-s-d- k-Xn-I
- - C-iva- m-bo-ey-- B-Wv- A-d_
- n-I.A-d-_n-I-n-S-bn-\n-v- A-Y-hm- C-{km-bo-ey-cp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c-m-cmb C-iv-am-bo-ey--n-S-bn-\n-v- D-b--s-- tam-si-sbtm-se-bp-{]-hm-N-I- ap-l--Zv- \-_n-(k)- A-m-sX- a-m-cm-Wv?- P-\-\-n-epw- Pohn-X-n-epw- Zu-Xy-n-epw- F-mw- tam-si-sb-tm-se-bmbn-cp-p- ap-l-Zv- \-_n- (k-)-.- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-- \-I-s-Sp-I-bpw- cmP y-`-c-Ww- G]n--s-Sp-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- ap-l--Zv- \-_n- (k)bp-sS- P\-\-hpw- a-c-Whpw- Po-hn-X-hp-sa-mw- tam-si-sb-tm-se- Xn-I-pw- km-[m-c-W- co-Xn-bnep--Xm-bn-cp-p.- A-t-l-n-s-d- B-K-a-\-tm-sS-bm-Wv- D-]-n]p-kvX
- I
-
- n- {]-hN
- n-
- s
- -X
- p-t]m-se-,- {]-hm-NI
- X
- z-n-s-d- sN-tmblq-Zn-Ifn-\n-v- am--s--Xv-.ap-l--Zv- \-_n- (k)- Cu- tem-I-n-se- A-h-km-\-s- a-\p-jy- hsc-bp-- k-I-e-cp-sS-bpw- {]-hm-N-I-\m-Wv.- A-t-ln-s-d- c-l-kyhpw- ]-c-ky-hp-am-b- Po-hn-X-w- ap-gp-h-- \-ap-v- ap-n- Xp-d-p-sh--sn-cn-p-p.- tem-I--v a-sm-cp- t\-Xm-hn-s-d-bpw- Po-hn-Xw- A-t-l-ns-d- Po-hn-X-s-t-m-se- tc-J-s-Sp--s-n-n-.- A--s\- tc-J-s-Sp-s-m- B-Z-c-Wo-b-cm-b- ]-e- hy-Iv-Xn-I-fpw- A-\m-Z-c-Wo-b-cm-bn- Xocpw.- ]-t,- {]-hm-N-I-s-d- Po-hn-Xw- t\m-p-I.- A-t-l-n-s-d- Ip-fnap-dn- ap-X- In-S--d- h-sc-bp-- ap-g-p-h- Po-hn-X-hpw- \-ap-v- am-Xr-Imtbm-Ky-am-Wv.- ]-cn-]q-W-\m-b- H-cp- a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-p- A-t-lw.- a-\pjy-Xz-n-s-d- F-m- Kp-W--fpw- A-t-l-n- k-q-W-am-bn- {]-Imin-n-cp-p.- {]-kw-K--fpw- D-]-tZ-i--fp-w am-{X-am-bn-cp-n- {]-hm-NI- tem-I-n-\v- kw-`m-h-\- sN-bv-X-Xv.- kz-w- Po-hn-X-s--s- Xs-d- B-Z-i---p-- {]-m-tbm-Kn-I- am-Xr-I-bm-n- A-h-X-cn-n-mIgn-p-sh--Xm-Wv- A-t-l-n-s-d- G--hpw- h-en-b- hn-P-bw.- em-amn- F--gp-Xn-:- "X-z-Pv-Rm-\n, {]-kw-K-I, ssZ-h-Zq-X,- \n-b-a-\n-amXm-hv,- t]m-cm-fn,- B-i-b--fp-sS- tP-Xm-hv-,- A-_--k--]--fn-\nv- ap-Iv-X-am-b- B-Nm-c-hnti-j--fp-sS-bpw- bp-Iv-Xn-_-\v-[p-c-am-b- hnizm-k-{]-am-W--fp-sS-bpw- ]p-\x-kv-Ym-]-I,- C-cp-]-Xv- `u-Xn-I- km-{amP y--fp-sS- kw-kv-Ym-]-I A-Xm-bn-cp-p- ap-l--Zv.- a-\p-jy-a-l-X-z-ns-d- F-m- am-\-Z-Wv-U--fpw- sh-v- ]-cn-K-Wn-p-tm- \mw- hy-Iv-X-

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25

am-bpw- tNm-Zn-t-mw:- "ap-l--Zn-t\-m- a-lm-\m-b- a-p- h-- a-\p-jy-cpap-tm?'-(LA MARTIN: HISTORIE DE LA TURQUIE-Vol II
Page 277)
P-\n-p--Xn-\p- ap-p-X-s- ]n-Xm-hpw- G-gp- h-b-p--tm- am-Xmhpw- a-c-W-s-- ap-l--Zv- Xn-I-pw- A-\m-Y-\m-bn-m-Wv- h-f-p-h--Xv.A-\m-Y-\m-bn-cp--Xn-\m- A-v- A-td-_y-bn- e-`y-am-bn-cp-- kw-c-W--X-s- e-`n-m-sX-bm-Wv- A-t-lw- h-f-p-h--Xv.- hn-Zym-`ymkw- A-]w- t]m-epw- e-`-n-m--Xn-\m- F-gp-pw- hm-b-\-bpw- A-dnbm--h-\m-bn-m-Wv- A-t-lw- Po-hn--Xv.- Ip-n-m-e-v- A-d-_n-p-n-Itfm-sSm-w- B-Sp- ta--p-I-bpw- bp-hm-hm-b-tm- I--h-S-n G-sSp-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- A-t-l-n-s-d- Po-hn-X-hpw- k-l-hm-k-hpsa-mw- km[m-c-W-m-cm-b- A-d-_n-I-tfm-sSm--am-bn-cp-p.- I-p-Ip-Sn-b-m-cpws]p-]n-Sn-b-m-cpw- bp--sm-Xn-b-m-cpw- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-I-cp-am-b- Ad-_n-I-fp-sS- Iq-sS.- F-m- A-h-cp-sS- Zp-kz-`m-h--sfm-p-w-X-s- At-l-n-ep-m-bn-cp-n-.- H-cn-t]m-epw- hn-{K-l--p-ap-n- At-lw \-{a-in-c-kv-I-\m-bn-cp-n-n-.- I-f-thm- A-k-`y-hm-p-I-tfm- A-tl-n-\n-v- B-cpw- {i-hn-n-n-. H-cn-s
- e-n-epw- N-Xn-tbm- h-\
- t- bmsN-bv-X-Xm-bn- A-t-l-n- B-cpw- B-tcm-]n-n-n-.- kz-t_m-[w- h-ti-jw- A-t-l-s- B-cpw- \-Kv-\-\m-bn- I-n-n-.- A-\y-cp-sS- H-cp- Imip-t]m-epw- A-t-lw- A-\ym-b-am-bn- F-Sp-p-sh-v- B-cpw- ]-d-n-n.- Zpx-Jn-p--h-tcm-sSm-w- ]-p-tN-cp-- {]-Ir-X-m-c-\m-bn-cp-p- At-lw.- A-\m-Y-sc-bpw- A-K-Xn-I-sf-bpw- k-lm-bn-m- A-t-lw- ap--n-bn- D-m-bn-cp-p.- hn-[-h-I-fp-sS- {]-iv-\--sf-p-dn--dn-v- k-lmbn-m-\m-bn- A-t-lw- ]-cn-{i-an-p-sIm-n-cpp-.- hn-i-p--h-v- `-Ww- \-Im-\pw- bm-{X-m-sc- ip-{iq-jn-m-\pw- A-t-lw- {i-an-p.- P-\-n-S-bn- i-Wv-T-bpw- kw-L--\-fpw- D-m-Ip-tm- k-\v-[n-pwtbm-Pn-n-\pw- th-n- A-t-lw- {]-b-Xv-\n-p. F-m-hn-[- am-en-\y--fp-sSbpw- Iq--c-m-b- B- k-aq-l-n- bm-sXm-cp- am-en-\y-hpw- sXm-p-Xom--h-\m-bn- A-t-lw- Po-hn-p.- A-t-l-n-s-d- Cu- \-- kz-`m-h-sf-sb-mw- k-aq-lw- Aw-Ko-Ic
- n-p.- A-t-l
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26

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Ko-I-m-c-am-b-n- k-aq-lw- A-t-l-s- A-A-ao-hn-iz-kv-X-F-m-bncp-p- hn-fn-n-cp--Xv.\m-]-Xm-a-s- h-b-n-em-Wv- ap-l--Zn-(k-)-\v- {]-hm-N-I-Xzw- e-`n-Xv.- {]-]--n-se- G--hpw- h-en-b- k-Xyw- A-t-lw- {]-Jym-]n-p.- "Cutem-Is
- - ]-Sb
- v
- p-Ib
- pw- ]-cn-]m-en-
- p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ib
- pw- sN-p-- GI-\m-b- A-m-lp-hn-s\- am-{X-ta- B-cm-[n-p-hm- ]m-Sp-q.- A-h- Ab-- {]-hm-N-I-m-cn-se- A-h-km-\-s- I-n-bm-Wv- Rm.- F-s- A\p-k-cn-p-I.- Cu- Po-hn-X-n-s-d- A-y-am-b- a-c-Ww- a-sm-cp- Po-hn-Xn-s-d- Xp-S--am-Ip-p.- a-c-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-Xw- A-hn-sS-sh-m-Wv- Cl-tem-I-n-se sN-bv-XnI-v- ]q-W-am-b- {]-Xn-^-ew- \-I-s-Sp-I.\--sIm-v- Po-hn-Xw hn-a-e-am-n-b-h-v- kz-Ko-b- kp-Jm-\p-`-q-Xn-I.Xn--sIm-v- Po-hn-Xw-- hn-Ir-X-am-n-b-h-tm- \-c-I-bm-X-\-I.- ]-c-temI-n-sh-v- k-z-Kw- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-p-I-bm-Wv- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-n-s-d- ]c-aa-m-b- e-yw.- B- e-y-n-se-p-hm- ssZ-h-Zq-X-s-d- Po-hn-X-co-Xn]n-]-n-sm-v- Po-hn-p-I-bm-Wv- th--Xv'- C-Xm-Wv- ap-l--Zv- \-_n
(k-)-bp-sS- D-]-tZ-i--fp-sS- c-Xv-\-p-cp-w.kXyn-s-d- ]m-X-bn-eq-sS- N-cn-p-hm- D-]-tZ-in-- ap- {]-hm-N-Im-sc-tm-se-X-s- ap-l--Zv- \-_n(k-)-bpw a-Zn--s-Sp-I-bpw- A-]-am\n-s-Sp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- F-n-epw- k-Xy-n-s-d- sh-fn-w- I-- a-\pjy- A-Xn- B-Ir-jv-S-cm-bn.- C-Xp- I-- A-\v-[-Im-c-n-s-d- D-]m-kI-v- I-en-bn-fIn.- A-h- a--Z-\--v- Dup-Iq-n.- A-t-l-n-s-dA-\p-bm-bn-I-fn- ]-e-cpw- sIm--s-p.- {Iq-c-a-m-b- a-Z-\--v- A-hhn-t[-b-cm-bn.- ]-t,- A-N--e-cm-bn- A-h- \n-e-sIm-p.- P-\n-p-h-f- \m-Spw- ho-Spw- Dt]-n-p-t]m-hm- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpwX-bm-dmth-n-h-p.- A-Xpw- \-S-p ]-em-b-\w.-- hn-izm-kw- kw-c-n-m-\m-bn- kz-w- \m-Spw- ho-Spw- Ip-Spw-_m-Zn-I-sf-bp-samw- Dt]-n-v- Ah- bm-{X-bm-bn- a-Zo-\-bn-se-n- Xm-a-kn-p.- A-k-Xy-n-s-d- Im-hm- A-hn-sS-bpw- A-t-l-n-\v- sskz-cyw- sIm-Sp-n-.- k-Xy-hn-izmkw- kw-c-n-p--Xn-\p-th-n- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- A-\p-bm-bn-I-pw- Ah-km-\w- hm-sf-Sp-t-n-h-p.- bp---!- bp--!-- k-Xy-n-s-dkw-c--W-n-\p-th-n- \q-dp-I-W-n-\m-fp-I-v- Po-h- sIm-Sp-t-n-h-p.- A-h-km-\w- k-Xyw- P-bn-p-I-X-s- sN-bv-Xp.- A-td-_y- ap-gp-

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27

h- {]-hm-N-I-s-d- a-X-n-s-d- Io-gn-em-bn.C-cp-]-n-aq-p- h-j-m-ew- sIm-v- F-s-v- am---fm-Wv- {]-hmN-I- kr-jv-Sn--sX-v- a-\-n-em-p-tm-tg- A-t-l-n-s-d- B-Z-i- F-p- am-{Xw- Ip--a--Xm-sW-v- a-\-n-em-hq.- ap-l--Zv- \-_n-(k)b-p-sS- B-K-a-\-n-\p- ap-pw- ]n-p-ap-m-bn-cp-- A-td-_y- k-aq-ln-s-d- Nn-{X-sam-p- ]-cn-tim-[n-p-I.- cm-jv-{So-b-hpw- ssk-\n-I-hp-ambn- A-kw-LS--n-X-cm-bn-cp-,- \n-b-X-am-b- Ir-jn-ku-I-cy--sfm-p-an-mXn-cp--Xn-\m- Im-jn-I-am-bn- ]n-tm-w- \n-n-cp--,- hn-Zym-`-ym-k- cwK-v- h--q-P yw- am-{X-am-bn-cp-,- Nn-In-km-cw-K-v- H--p-a-m-Xn-cp,A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-- kr-jv-Sn-- A-[-a-Xzw- t]-dn-sm-n-cp-,- a-Zy--nepw- a-Zn-cmn-bn-epw- a-b-n-n-S-n-cp-,- tKm-{X-a-ln-a-bp-sS- t]-cntNm-c--f-X-s- ]-S-m- X-bm-d-m-bn-cp-- H-cp- k-aq-lw.- C-XmWv- {]-hm-N-I-\n-tbm-K-n-\p-ap-p-- A-td-_ybp-sS- Nn-{Xw.C-\n- ap-l
- Z- v- \-_n-(k)-v- ti-ja- p-- A-td-_ybp-sS- Nn-{Xw- ]-cntim[n-p-I.- kw-kv-Im-c--sf- sh-p-- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b- kw-kv-Im-c-n-s-dhm-l-I-sc- \-ap--hn-sS- Im-Wm- I-gn-bp-p.- A-e-Iv-km-{n-b-tb-mh-en-b- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- tI{-am-bn- A-td-_y- am-dn.- im-kv-{X- km-t-Xn-Icw-K--fn-- A--s- A-Xn-Im-b-m-cm-b- {Ko-p-Im-tcm- B- cwK-v- D-b-p\-n-m- A-h-v- I-g-n-p.\q-m-p-Ifp-sS- cm-jv-{So-b- \m-b-I-Xzap--m-bn-cp-- tdm-an-s\-bpwt]jy-sbbpw- A-h- hn-d-n-p.- tKm-{XI-e-l--fn- X-n- tNm-c-Nnn-bn-cp-- A-h- sF-Iy-n-s-d- [-z-P-hm-l-I-cm-bn- am-dn.- [-a-hpw- A[-a-hpw- F-m-sW--dn-bm-Xn-cp-- A-h- [m-an-I- X-z--fp-sS- {]Nm-c-I-cm-bn.- C-Xm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I- kr-jv-Sn-- hn--hw.- kmw-kv-Im-cn-Icw-K-v- h--q-P y-am-bn-cp- H-cp- P-\-X-sb- sh-dpw- C-cp-]-n-aq-v- hj-m-ew- sIm-v- kw-kvI
- m-c
- n-s-d- ]-ct- am-X
- - io-j
- n-se-n-mI-gn-- {]-hm-N-I-s-d- hn--h-n-\p- Xp-ey-am-b- H-cp- hn--hw- tem-I-Ncn-{X-n- F-hn-sS-sb-n-epw- Im-Wm-\m-hp-tam?F-s\-bm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I- C-{X- D-Zm--am-sbm-cp- am-w- km-[n-sSp--Xv?- P-\-a-\-p-I-fn- ssZ-h-hn-i-zm-k-hpw- ]-c-tem-I-t_m-[-hpw- hf-p-I-bm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I- sN-bv-X-Xv.- A-\-iz-c-am-b- a-c-Wm-\--c- Pohn-X-n-te-p-- Ir-jn-bn-Sw- am-{X-am-Wv- Cu- tem-I-Po-hn-X-sa-- hn-i-z-m-

28

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kw- h-f-p-h--tm- C-l-n- F-p- Xym-Kw- kln-pw- ]-c-te-m-Iku-Jyw- t\-S-W-sa-- B-{Klw- A-h-cn-ep-m-bn.- kr-jv-Sm-hpw- kw-c-I-\p-am-b- X-p-cm-\v- kz-w- Po-hn-Xw- ka-n-p-hm- A-h- X-bm-dmbn.- ]-S--X-p-cm-s-d- hn-[n-hn-e-p-I- Aw-K-o-I-cn-p-sIm-v, A-Xv- Pohn-X-n- ]q-W-am-bpw- ]m-en-p-sIm-p- ap-tm-p-t]m-Im- A-hk---cm-b-tm- A-h- a-\p-jy-Xz-n-s-d- D-Pv-P z-e-`m-hfn-se-n.ssZ-h-n-\v- kz-Po-hn-X-s- k-q-W-am-bn- k-a-np-I- h-gn- a-\p-jyXz-n-s-d- D-Zm-o-I-c-W-w- km-[n--h-cm-bn- ap-kv-enw-I-fm-bn- am-dn- Ah.- "C-kv-emw'-- F-- ]-Z-n-\v- A-Yw-,- k-a--Ww,- k-am-[m-\w- F-n-s\-bm-Wv-.- k-h-i-Iv-X-\v- kz-w- Po-hn-X-s- k-q-W-am-bn- k-an-p-I-h-gn- ssI-h-cp-- k-am-[m-\-am-Wv- C-kv-emw- F-v- ]-d-bmw.- ap-l-Zv- \-_n-(k-)-sb-p-dn-v- bn-sc-aym- Zo-L-Z-in-bp-sS- {]-h-N-\w- Hm-pI:- ""k-am-[m-\w- {]-h-Nn-p-- {]-hm-N-I-s-d- Im-cy-n-em-I-s-,- A-bmfp-sS- h-N-\-w- k-Xy-am-bn- Xo-cp-tm- A-bm-sf- I-m-hv- A-b--XmsW--dn-bmw' (bn-sc-aym- 28:-9).- ap-l--Zv- \-_n- (k)- {]-h-Nn-- k-am-[m-\wC-kv-em-am-bn-cp-p-k-q-W- k-am-[m-\-n-s-d- Z-i-\w.e--W-bp-Iv-X-am-b- th-Z-{K-\v-YwA-y-{]-hm-N-I-\n-eq-sS- tem-I-n-\v- A-h-X-cn-n--s-- th-Z-{K-\v-Yam-I-s- A-Xv-`p-X--fp-sS- A-Xv-`p-X-am-sW--Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- B-ZywB-n-S-b-\pw- ]n-s- I--h-S-m-c-\p-am-bn-cp-- H-cp- a-\-p-jy-.- A-bmv- F-gp-pw- hm-b-\-bpw- kn-n-n-n-.- \m]-Xv- h-b-p-h-sc- bm-sXmcp- km-ln-Xym-`n-cp-Nn-bpw- A-t-lw- {]-I-Sn-n-n-n-.- A-t-lw- \m--]-Xvh-b-m-btm- kp--c-am-b- ]-Z--- ]d-bp-p.- K-Zy-hpw- ]-Zy-hp-a-mssi-en-bn- B-sc-bpw- hn-kv-a-bn-n-p-- k-t-i-- sam-g-n-bp-p-.A-Xp-h-sc- \n-b-a-{K-\v-Y-- I-n-n-m-- A-t-l-n-s-d- sam-gn-Ifn- A-Xp-ey-am-b- \n-b-a-\n-tZ-i-- D-v.- th-Zw- ]-Tn-n-n-m-- A-tl-n-s-d- ]-Z--fn- [m-an-I- \n-b-a-- D-v.- N-cn-{Xw- a-\-n-em-nbn-n-m-- A-t-l-n-s-d- hm-p-I-fn- ap-Im-e- N-cn-{X--fp-v.- AXm-Wv- hn-ip-- Jp-Bs\-- A-Xv-`p-X-w.- \n-c--c-\m-b- ap-l--Zv- \-_n(k)-bp-sS- -A-[-c--fn-eq-sS-b-m-Wv- A-Xv- tem-Iw- {i-hn--Xv.- ]-t,- AXn-s-d- ssi-en-bpw- L-S-\-bpw- cq-]-hp-sa-mw- A-Xp- ap-l--Zn-(k)-s-dc-N-\-b-s-v- hy-Iv-X-am-p-p.- km-ln-Xy-hpw- im-kv-{X-hpw- \n-b-a-hpw-

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29

N-cn-{X-hp-sa-mw- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- A-dn-bm-hp-- B-tcm- F-gp-Xn-sm-Sp-Xm-bn-cn--Ww- A-Xv.- hn-ip-- JpB-\p-am-bn- tem-I-n-\p-ap-n- {]Xy--s-- hy-Iv-Xn- H-cn-- t]m-epw- I-f-hp-]-d-bp-I-tbm- h--\- \-Sp-I-tbm- sN-b-vXn-n-m--bm-fm-sW-p-- h-kv-Xp-X- Hm-p-I.- AXp-ey-am-b- km-ln-Xy-ssi-en-bn- F-gp-X-s-- hn-i-p-- Jp-B-\p-am-bna-\p-jy-n-S-bn-te-v- C-d-n-h-- A-t-lw- A-h-Im-i-s--Xv- C-Xp- Xs-d- c-N-\-bm-sW--.- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-m-v- Fp-w- D--X-am-b- kvYm-\w \-In-tm-- A-td-_y- k-aq-l-n-te-m-Wv- A-Xn-kp--c-amb- km-ln-Xy-ssi-e-ntbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- H-cp- c-N-\-bp-am-bn- ap-l--Zv- (k)- {]Xy--s--Xv.- C-Xv- X-s-d- kr-jv-Sn-bm-sW-v- A-t-lw- A-h-Im-i-s-ncp-p-sh-n- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-m-cp-sS- IqsS- D--X-io-j-\m-bn- A-tlw- K-Wn--sSp-am-bn-cp-p.- F-m- ap-l--Zv- (k)- ]-d--Xv- Cu- {K\v-Yw- X-t-d-Xm-Wv- F--,- {]-Xyp-X- F-mhn-[- hn-Pv-Rm-\o-b--fn-epwA-Km-[-am-b- Pv-Rm-\-ap-- ssZ-hw- F-\n-v- X--Xm-Wv- F-m-bn-cp-p.Po-hn-X-n-sem-cn--epw- I-f-hp-]-d-n-n-m-- H-cp- hyIv-Xn-bm-Wv- C-Xv]-d-bp--sX-tm-p-I.- hn-ip-- Jp-B-\ns-d- ssi-en-bpw- D--S-hp-sa-mw- A-Xv- H-cn--epw- H-cp- a-\p-jy-s-d- c-N-\-bm-bn-cn-p-hm-- km[y-X-bn-s--Xn-\v- km-yw- h-ln-p-I-bpw- sN-p-p.C-v- \n-e-\n-p-- th-Z-{K-\v-Y--fn- kz-bw- ssZ-hn-I- {K-\v-Y-sav- A-h-Im-i-s-Sp-- G-I-{K-\v-Yw- hn-ip-- Jp-B- am-{X-am-Wv.- A-hX-cn-n--s-- cq]-n-X-s- C-pw- \n-e-\n-p-- G-I-th-Z-{K-\v-Yhpw- Jp-B-Xs
- .- kp-Zo-La- m-b- C-cp-]
- n-aq-v- h-j
-
-
- n- S- b
- nhn-`n---fm-b- ]-cn-X-kv-Yn-Xn-I-fn-sh-v- A-h-X-cn-n--s-p-sIm-n-cp- Jp-B- kq-Iv-X-- Xn- ssh-cp--y--tfm- `n--X-tbm- Im-Ws-Sp-n-.- Jp-B\n-ep-- [m-an-I- \n-b-a-- km-h-Im-en-I--fmWv.- A-Xv- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-p- km-m-Kn-I- kw-hn-[m-\-am-I-s,- In-S-b-Xm-Wv.- A-Xp- \-Ip-- [m-an-I- k-Zm-Nm-c- \n-b-a--v- Xp-ey-am-b\n-b-a-- a-t-sXm-cp- {K\v-Y-n-ep-an-.- A-Xv- ]-Tn-n-p-- N-cn-{Xw- If--c-ln-X-hpw- k-Xy-k-\v-[hp-am-Wv.- A-tXm-sSm-wX-s- A-Xv- {]-m-tbmKn-I-hp-am-Wv-.- F-m- A-Y-n-epw- X-a-kn-s-d- ]-cym-b-am-bn-cp-- H-cpP-\-X-sb- tI-h-ew- C-cp-]-n-aq-v- h-j-m-ew- sIm-v- kw-kv-Im-c-ns-d- D--X- io-j--n-se-n-m- I-gn-- JpB-\n-\v- Xp-ey-am-bn-

30

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tem-I-s- ]-cn-h-n-n-m- I-gn-- a-sm-cp- {K-\v-Yw- am--\h-- N-cn{X-n- F-hn-sS-bpw- D-m-bn-n-.- A-tX!- JpB-X-s-bm-Wv- F-mA-Y
- n-epw- e-W
- b
- p-IvX
- a- m-b- th-Z{- K-\vY
- w.- kq-va- m-ep--v- amK-Z-i-I-am-Im- I-gn-bp-- Jp-Bs\-tm-ep-- a-sm-cp- {K-\v-Y-hp-ans--Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.""C-Xm-Ip-p- {K-\v-Yw-.- A-Xn- kw-i-b-ta-bn-.- kq-v-a-X- ]m-en-p-h-v- t\-h-gn- Im-Wn-p--Xt{X- A-Xv''- (A-_-J-d- 2).ap- th-Z--sf-tm-se- tI-h-ew- H-cp- th-Z-{K-\v-Yw- am-{X-a-- Jp-B.A-Xv- A-y-{]-hm-N-I-\p-- A-am-\p-jn-I- Zr-jv-Sm-w- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- Xm{]-hm-N-I-\m-sW--Xn-\p-- Zr-jv-Sm-w.- ap-p-- {]-hm-N-I-m-v- \I-s-- Zr-jv-Sm---sf-mw- A-h-cp-sS- A-h-km-\-tm-sS- A-h-km-\n-h-bm-bn-cp-p.- F-m-,- A-y-{]-hm-N-I-s-d- A-am-\p-jn-I- Zr-jv-Sm-am-I-s-,- A-Xv- A-h-km-\-s- a-\p-jy- h-sc-bp--h-v- ap-gp-h\pw- ap-n- H-cp- a-lm-Xv-`p-X-am-bn- \n-e-\n-p-I-bm-Wv.- F-m-Wv- Jp-B\n-s\- H-cp- A-am-\p-jn-I- {K-\v-Y-am-p--Xv?- A-Xn-s-d- ssi-en,- kz-m-[o\w,- D-S-w- C-h-sb-mw- A-am-\p-jn-IwXs-.- A-d-_n-km-ln-Xy-nse- A-Xn-Im-b-m-n-S-bn-te-v- A-h-X-cn-n--s-- Jp-Bs-d- kmln-Xy-ssi-entbm-Sp- sh-m-hp-- H-cp- ssi-enbn- C-Xp-h-sc- A-d-_nbn- H-cp- c-N-\-bpw- D-m-bn-n-.- AXp-t]m-se- P-\-lr-Z-b--sf- kz-m[o-\n-- a-sm-cp- {K-\v-Y-hpw- tem-I-N-cn-{X--n- Im-Wm- I-gn-bp-n-.t{im-Xm-hn-s-d- _p-n-v- Xr-]v-X-n-bpw- a-\-n-\v- k-am-[m-\hpw- e-`n-p-tXm-sS-m-w A-h-s-d- lr-Z-b-n- am---fpw- D-m-p-- {K-\v-Y-amWv- Jp-B.A-X-p\-S-n-b- {]-h-N-\--fm-I-s,- A--cw-{]-Xn- ]-p-e-n--p-v.- hnip-- Jp-Bs-d- {]-h-N-\--sfm-pw- ]q-o-I-cn--s-Sm--Xm-bnC-.- A-Xn-se- ]-cm-a-i--sfm-pw-X-s- A-k-Xy-am-sW-v- sX-fn-bn-s-n-p-an-.- im-kv-{X-km-t--Xn-I- cw-K-v- te-m-Iw- h--q-P y-am-b Ime-v- F-gp-X-s-- H-cp- {K-\v-Y-n-se- H-cp- {]-kv-Xm-h-\- t]m-epw- sX-msW-v- sX-fn-bn-m- B- c-w-K-s- hn--h--v- km-[-n-n-n-s--XpX-s- h-ensbm-cp- AXv-`p-X-am-Wv.- am-{X-a,- im-kv-{Xw- ]p-Xn-b- ]p-Xnb- Is--ep-I- \-S-p-tm- Jp-B-\n-s-d- A-{]am-Zn-Xz-hpw- AP--X-bpw- Iq-Sp-X- Iq-S-p-X- sX-fn-p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv- b-Ym-Y-n-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

31

sN-p--Xv.- hm-\-im-kv-{X-ntem- `q-an-im-kv-{X-n-tem- k-ap-{Z-im-kv{X-n-tem- {`q-W-im-kv-{X-n-tem- H-pw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- Pv-Rm-\w- t]mepw- C-m-Xn-cp-- Im-e-v- A-h-X-cn-n--s-- Jp-B-\n-se- h-N-\-{]-kv-Xp-X- im-kv-{X- i-m-J-I-fn-se- B-[p-\n-I- I-p-]n-Sn---fp-am-bn]q-W-am-bpw- tbm-Pn-p-p-sh- h-kv-Xp-X- A-Xv k-h-Pv-Rm-\n-bmb- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s-d- ]--\n-p--Xm-sW-v- kp-X-cmw- hy-Iv-X-am-pp.{]-hm-N-I-m-cp-sS-sb-mw- a-Xwap-l--Zv- \-_n- (k)- C-kv-em-an-s-d- kv-Ym-]-I-\--;- H-tc-sbm-cp- {]-hmN-I-\p-a-.- C-kv-em-an-s-d- A-h-km-\-s- {]-hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp-p- A-tlw.- ap- {]-hm-N-I-m-cp-sS- ap-gp-h- ]n--Km-an-bm-sW-m-Wv- A-tlw- A-h-Im-i-s--Xv.- t\m-l-bp-sS-bpw- A-{_-lm-a-n-s-d-bpw- tam-sibp-sS-bpw- tb-ip-hn-s-d-bpw- am-{X-a,-- tem-I-s-hn-sS-sb-mw- ssZ-hZq-X-m- hn-p-tm- A-h-cp-sS-sb-mw- ]-n-Km-an.- k-Xy--n-s-d- kt-i-hm-l-I-cm-bn- {k-jv-Sm-hv- sX-cs-Sp--b-- {]-hm-N-I-m-c-p-sS\n-tbm-Kw- D-m-Im-- H-scm-- k-ap-Zm-b-an-s-Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- hnip-- Jp-B- {]-kv-Xm-hn-p--Xv- Im-Wp-I:""H-cp- Xm-o-Xp-Im-c- I-gn-p-t]m-hm-- H-cp- k-ap-Zm-b-hp-a-n-''- (^mXzn- 24).""Xo--bm-bpw- Hm-tcm- k-ap-Z-m-b-n-epw- \mw- Zq-X-s\- \n-tbm-Kn-n-pv-''- (\-lv- 36)--.tem-I-p-h-- {]-hm-N-I-m- ap-gp-h-- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X- a-X-amWv- C-kv-emw- k-h-i-Iv-X-\p-- k-qW-am-b- k-a--Ww.- Cu- k-a-Ww- F--s\- km-[n-p-sa-v- {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn- Im-Wn-p-X-cm-\m-Wv{]-hm-N-I-m- h--Xv.- {]-hm-N-I-irw-J-e-bn-se- A-h-km-\s- I-n-bmWv- ap-l--Zv- \-_n- (k)- F-v- ]-d-p-h-tm.- A-t-l-n-eq-sS-bm-WvC-kv-em-w- ]q-o-I-cn--s--Xv.- kh-i-Iv-X-\v- kz--s- k-a-n-pI- h-gn- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-s- F--s\- hn-a-eo-I-cn-mw- F-v- {]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-bn- Im-Wn-p X-
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32

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

[m-c-W-m-c,-- k-Xy-k-\v-[-\m-b- I--h-S-m,- Z-bm-ep-hm-b- km-aq-lnI- {]-h--I,- ]-tcm-]-Im-cn-bm-b- A-b-hm-kn,- Imcp-Wy-hm-\m-b`-m-hv,- hm-k-ey-\n-[n-bm-b- ]n-Xm-hv-,- Xn--sb- I-Tn-\-am-bn- sh-dp-pI-bpw- F-m,- Xn- sN-p--h-sc- A-Xn-\n-v- c-n-m- {i-an-pI-bpw- sN-p-- ]-cn-jv-I-m-hv,- \o-Xn-am-\m-b- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn,- C-s\- Po-hn-X-n-s-d- F-m- cw-Kpw- H-cp- a-\p-jy- F--s\-bm-h-Wsa-v- ]-Tn-n--bm-fm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I.- ssZ-h-n\v- kz--s- k-a-np-I-h-gn- ap-kv-en-am-Ip-I- h-gn- F--s\- a-\p-jy-Xz-n-s-d- D-Zm-o-Ic-Ww- km-[n-p-sa-v- A-t-lw- \-ap-v- Im-Wn-p-Xp.- kz-w- Po-hn-Xn-s-d- am-X-r-I-bn-eq-sS- A-t\-Iw- ap-kv-enwI--v- P--w- \-Ip-hm-\pwA--s\- am-Xr-Im-tbm-Ky-am-b- H-cp- k-aq-l-n-s-d- kr-jv-Sn- km-[n-phm-\pw- I-gn-p-sh--Xm-Wv- ap-l--Zv- \-_n- (k)-sb- a-p- ]-e- hn--hIm-cn-Im-cn-I-fn-\n-v- hy-Xn-cn-Iv-X-\m-p--Xv.H-cp- Z-i-\w- k-q-W-hpw- ]-cn-h--\-n-\v- \n-an--hpam-sW-v]-d-bm- I-gn-bp-I,- A-Xn-s-d- kn-m--- Ip--a--Xpw- A-tXm-sSmw- {]-m-tbm-Kn-I-am-hp-I-bpw- sN-p-tm- am-{X-am-Wv.- kp--c-am-b- Xz-- ]-S-p-hm- F-fp--am-Wv.- F-m,- {]mtbmKn-I-hpw- AtXmsSm-w- Ip--a--Xp-am-b- kn-m--- D-m-p-I- {]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv.- Ckv-em-an-I- kn-m--- s]m-Xp-th- aq-p- km-t-Xn-I- i-_v-Z--fm-emWv- {]-Xn-\n[-o-I-cn--s-Sm-dp--Xv.- Xu-lo-Zv,- cn-km-e-v,- B-Jn-d-v- Fn-h-bm-Wv- A-h.- Xu-l-o-Zv-,- ssZ-hn-I-k--bp-sS- am-{Xw- {]-tXy-I-X-bmb- G-I-Xz-s-bpw- A-h- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n--stS-p--Xn-s-d- B-hiy-I-X-bpw- Ip-dn-p-p.- ssZ-hn-I-am-K-Z-i-\-s-bm-Wv- cn-km-e-v- {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p--Xv.- a-c-Wm-\--c-Po-hn-X-am-Wv- B-Jn-d-p-sIm-p-hn-h
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tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

33

-am-bn- XpS-p-t]m-hm-sX- A-h-km-\w- Im-c-Ww- B-h-iyan-m- Hcp- D-a-bn- F-n-t-cp-p.-- B- k--bm-Wv- F-m- A-t\z-j-W-fp-sS-bpw- A-yw.- {]-]--n-se- H-scm-- {]-Xn-`m-k-hpw- Im-c-W-am-h-iyan-m--Xm-bn- \-ap-v- Im-Wm- I-gn-bp-n-.- A-tm- Im-c-W-B-h-iy-an-m-- ]-cm-i-Iv-X-n- {]-]--n-\v- ]p-d-p--Xm-bn-cn--Ww.- ]Zm-Ym-Xo-X-am-bn-cn--Ww.- {]-]-n-se- sN-dp-Xpw- h-ep-Xp-am-b- {]-Xn`m-k--fp-sS- ap-gp-h-- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- Im-c-W-s-bm-Wv- C-kv-emw- "Am-lp-'- Fv- hn-fn-p--Xv.A-m-lp- tI-h-e-am-sbm-cp- i-Iv-Xn-tbm- Da-bn-m- H-cp- Du-P-cq-]-tam- B-sW-v- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-n-p-n-.- ]-Zm-Y -tem-I-s
I-p-dn-v- am-{Xta- a-\p-jy-\v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-m-\m-hp-I-bp-q.- A-Xp-sImp -X-s- ]Zm-Ym-Xo-X-am-b- ssZ-hn-I-k-- a-\p-jy-s-d- hn-i-Zo-Ic-W-n-\v- A-Xo-X-am-Wv.- A-m-lpX-s- A-dn-bn-p -X-- Zn-hy -shfn-]m-Sp-I-fn-eq-sS- am-{X-ta- A-h-s-d- A-kv-Xn-Xz-n-s-d- kz-`m-hs I-pd- n-v- \-ap-v- A-d- nbm- I-gn-bq.- ]-ca- h
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34

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

\m-Wv- A-m-lp.- C-X-v H-cp- Ip-e-ssZ-h-n-s-d-tbm- tKm-{X-ssZ-h-nt-d-tbm- t]-c-.- F-m- tZ-i-m-cp-sS-bpw- `m-j-m-cp-sS-bpw- h-Kmcp-sS-bpw-- b-Ym-Y-am-b- ssZ-h-n-s-d- t]-cm-Wv- A-m-lp.- {k-jv-Sm-hpwkw-c--I-\p-am-b- ssZ-h-n-\v- hy-Xy-kv-X- `m-j-Ifn- hy-Xy-kv-X- t]-cpI- D-]-tbm-Kn--Xm-bn- Im-Wm- I-gn-bpw.- kw-kv-Ir-X-n- "]-c-{_lvaw'-,- "]-ca- m-Xva- m-hv'- Xp-S
- n-b- t]-cp-If
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- I
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- - k-wt- _m[-\- sN--s-Sp--sX-v- D-]-\n-j-p-I-fn-se- ]-cm-a-i--- hm-bn-mhy-Iv-X-am-Ipw.- ]-g-b- \n-b-a -ss_-_n-fn- b-tlm-h,- bm-lv,- A-tUm-Wmbn,- G-Fteym,- G-i--m-b-n,- G-,- F-tem-lnw- Xp-S-n-b- \m-afn-se-mw- G-I-ssZ-hw- kw-t_m-[-\- sN--s-n-p-v .- tb-ip- "F-temlnw'- F-m-bn-cn-pw- ssZ-h-s- k-w-t_m-[-\- sN-bv-X-sX-m-Wv- ss__n- ]-Wv-Un-X-m-cp-sS- A-`n-{]m-bw.- k-h-i-Iv-X-\m-b- ssZ-h-s- hnfn-p-hm- Jp-B- D-]-tbm-Kn-- ]-Zw- "A-m-lp'--sh-m-Wv.- ""k-I-e-hn[- B-cm-[-\-I-fpw- b-Y-m-Y-n- A-ln-p--h'-'- F-m-Wv- A-mlp- F--Xp-sIm-p-- hn-h-.- G-sX-n-epw- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- h-n-`m-K-ns-d- ssZ-hw- F-- \n-e--.- "b-Ym-Y-am-b- ssZ-hw'- F-- \n-e-m-WvJp--B- "A-m-lp-'- F-v- {]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--Xv.{]-m]
-
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- - Nq-n-m-Wn-p-sIm-m-Wv- Jp-B- {kjv-Sm-hn-s-d- A-k-vX-n-Xzw- kv-Ym-]n-p--Xv.""H--I-n-s-d- t\-v- A-h- t\m-p-n-t-;- A-sX--s\- kr-jv-Sn-s-n-cn-p-p-sh-v-.- B-Im-i-t-v-;- A-sX--s\- D-b--s-ncnp--p-sh--v-.- ]-h-X--fn-te-v-;- A-h-sb--s\- \m-n-\n--s-n-cnpp-sh-v. `q-an-b-n-te-v-;- A-sX--s\- hn-Xm-\n--s-n-cn-p-p-shv-'' (Km-in-b- 17:-20).X-s-d- Npp-]m-Sn-te-v- I-tm-Sn-p-sIm-v- {]-]-- kw-hn-[m-\-n\p- ]n-n-se- a-lm-ssN-X-\y-s--p-dn-v- a-\-n-em-m-\m-Wv- a-\p-jy-t\mSp-- Jp-B\n-s-d- I-]-\.- AXpt]m-se-X-s- {]-Ir-X-n-bn-se- Xm-f{I-a--sf-p-dn-v- kq-Nn-n-p-sIm-v- _-lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-n-s-d- \nc-Y-I-X-bnte-pw- Jp-B- hn-c- Nq-p-p.""A-m-lp- bm-sXm-cp- k-m-\-s-b-pw- kzo-I-cn-n-n-.- A-h-t\m-sSmw- bm-sXm-cp- ssZ-hhpw- D-m-bn-p-an-.- A--s\-bm-bn-cp-p-shn-Hm-tcm- ssZ-h-hpw- Xm- kr-jv-Sn--Xp-am-bn- s]m-bv--f-bp-I-bpw- A-h-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

35

cn- Nn-e- Nn-e-sc- A-Sn--a-p-I-bpw- sN-p-am-bn-cp-p.- A-h- ]-dp-m-p--Xn-\n-s-mw- A-m-lp- F-{X- ]-cn-ip--!''- (apAv-an\q- 91).]-Zm-Y-n-s-d- G--hpw- sN-dn-b- I-W-am-b- B--n-\-I-s- C-eIvt{Sm-Wp-If
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- n-p-- co-Xn-bn-eh
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- b- \n-b{- n-n-cp-p-sh-nB- c-p- hn-`m-Khpw- \n-e-\n-p-am-bn-cp-n-.- Np-cp--n- B-Im-i`q-an-I-v- H-scm-- {k-jv-Sm-hpw k-w-hn-[m-b-I-\p-am-Wp--sX-- h-kvXp-X-v- \-p-sS- Np-p-]m-Sp-I-fn-X-s- [m-c-m-fw- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-v.- JpB-- ]-d-bp--Xv- F-{X- i-cn!""B-Im-i-`q-an-I-fn- A-m-lp- A-m-- ssZ-h-- D-m-bn-cp-psh-n- A-h c-p-w- X-I-cm-dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-p.- A-tm- knw-lm-k-\n-s-d- \m-Y-\m-b- A-m-lp- A-h- ]-d-p-m-p--Xn--\n-s-mwF-{X- ]-cn-ip--\m-Ip-p-!''- (A-n-bm-Av- 22).{k-jv-Sm-hpw- kw-c--I-\pw- kw-lm-c-I-\p-am-b- ssZ-hw- G-I-\m-sW- X-z-am-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-m-sc-mw- {]-Y-a-hpw- {]-[m-\-hp-am-bn- {]-t_m[-\w- sN-bvX
- X
- v.- A-Xp-sIm-p-Xs
- - a-X{- K-\vY
-
- f
- n-e[
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- pw- G-Is
- sZh-Xz-n-te-v- sh-fn-w- ho-ip-p-v.- ]-e-hn-[- tZ-h-m-sc-bpw- k--]n-

36

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

n-cn-p-- a-X-{K-\v-Y--fn-X-s- Cu- tZ-h-m-cp-sS-sb-mw- tZ-h-\pw{k-jv-Sm-hpw- kw-hn-[m-b-I-\p-am-b- H-cp- ssZ-h-s- k--]n--Xm-bn- ImWm- I-gn-bpw.- C-Xn-\n-v- B- a-X- k-aq-l--fnte-v- h-- {]-hm-N-Im- G-I-ssZ-h-hn-iz-m-k-am-Wv- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-Xn-cp--sX-pw- ]no-Sv- {]-kv-Xp-X- a-X-k-aq-l-- _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bn-te-v- h-gn-am-dpI-bm-Wv- sN-bv-X-sX-pw-- \-ap-v- Du-ln-m-hp--Xm-Wv.ssl-h- a-X-{K-\v-Y--fnssl--h- th-Z-kwln-X-I-- t\m-p-I.- E-tKz-Z-n- tZ-h-m-cp-sSkw-Jy- ap-q-nap--n-aq-v- h-sc- s]-cp-In-sb-pw- A-Xn- {]-[m-\n-Ifm-b- C-{,- an-{X,- h-cp-W,- A-Kv-\n,- hn-jv-Wp- F-n-h- Hm-tcm- {]tXy-I- h-Ip-p-I- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-p-p-sh-pw- Im-Wm- I-gn-bpw.F-m,- H-cp- `m-K-v- tZ-h-m-v- h-Ip-p-I- hn-`-Pn-p- \-Ip-th-Z--X-s- a-dp-h-i-v- F-m-n-s-d-bpw- D-S-a-kv-Y-\m-b- G-I-ssZ-hs-p-dn-pw- ]-cm-a-in-p-p-v.- ln-c-Wy-K-`,- hn-iz-I-am-hv,- {]-Pm]-Xn- Xp-S-n-b- \m--a--fn-em-Wv- th-Z--fn- G-I-ssZ-hw- kw-t_m-[-\sN--s-n-cn-p--Xv.- H-cp- E-tKz-Z-kq-Iv-Xw- t\m-p-I:ln-c-Wy-K-`x- k-a-h-- Xm-t{K`q-X-ky- Pm-Xx- ]-cn-tX-I- B-kn-Xvk-Zm-[m-c- ]r-Yn-how,- Zym-ap- tX-amwI-kv-ssa- tZ-hm-b- l-hn-jm- hn-t[-a.(B-Zn-bn- ln-c-Wy-K--`- am-{X-ta- D-m-bn-cp-p-q.-- A-h-\m-Wv- kI-e- `p-h\
-
- f
- p-sS-bpw- A-[o-im-[n-Im-cn.- A-h- `q-an-sb-bpw- kz-Ks
- bpw- A-X-Xp- kv-Ym-\--fn- kv-Ym-]n-p.- A-h-\n-\n-m-Wv- k-h- Ncm-N-c--fp-ap-m-b-Xv.- tem-Iw- ap-gp-h-- A-h-s-d- I-]-\-I-- A-\pk-cn-p-p.- A-Xn-\m- A-h\
- p- am-{Xw- l-hn--n-p-I)- (E-tKz-Zw- 10:121:1).C-tX- B-ib
- a- p-sm-p-- tm-I
- - a-p- th-Z
- f
- n-epw- Im-WmI-gn-bpw.- th-Z-- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- B-cy-kw-kv-Im-c-n-se- I-a--sfp-dn-m-Wv- hn-h-cn-p--Xv.- ssl--h- Zm-i-\n-I- {K-\v-Y--fm-bn- hy-hl-cn--s-Sp--Xv- D-]-\n-j-p-I-fm-Wv.- \q-n-sbv- D-]-\n-j-p-I-fm-WvC-p--Xv.- A-h-bn- ]-e-Xn-epw- hy-Xy-kv-X- tZ-h-m-sc- k--]n-p-Xm-bpw- A-ht- cm-Sp-- {]m-Y\
- I
- f
- p-sm-p-X
- m-bpw- \-ap-v- Im-Wmw.F-m,- h-f-sc- i-Iv-X-am-b- `m-j-bn- G-I-ssZ-hm-Z-iw- {]-t_m-[-\w-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

37

sN-p-- D-]-\n-j-Xv- kq-Iv-X--fp-ap-v.- `m-c-X-n- h-- ssZ-h-Zq-Xm-cp-sS- k-t-i--fp-sS- kzm-[o-\-am-bn-cn-mw- Cu- kq-Iv-X--p-Im-c-W-sa-v- \-ap-v- Du-ln-m-hp--Xm-Wv.- G-Xm-\pw- Nn-e- D-]-\n-j-Zvkq-I-vX-- Im-Wp-I-:b- GtIm- Pm-e-hm-\o-i-X- Cu-i- \o-`nxk-hm- tem-Im-\o-i-X- Cu-i- \o-`n-xb- G-ssh-I- D-Zv-`-h- kw-`-th- Nb- G-I-Zzn-Zp-c- ar-Xm-kv-tX- `-h-n(A-Zzn-Xo-b-am-b- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hv- P-{K-{Zq-]-P-m-e-s- kr-jv-Sn-v- X-s-dkz-cq-]- `q-X-am-b- im-k-\m-i-Iv-Xn-bm- A-Xn-s\- `-cn-p-p.- B-hn-[im-k-\m-_-e-m- k-a-kv-X- tem-I--sf-bpw- tem-I-]m-e-I-m-sc-bpwb-Ym-tbm-Kyw- `-cn-p-p.- G-I-\m-bn-X-s- k-a-kv-X- P-K-n-s-d-bpwD-]-n-pw- hn-kv-Xm-c-n-\pw- k-a-Y-\m-bn-cn-p-- B- {_lv-a-sX-t-z-\- A-dn-bp-- a-lm-]p-cp-j-m- A-a-c-m-cm-bn- `-hn-p-p-)- (tizX-i-Xtcm-]-\n-j-v- 3:-1)A-]mWn- ]m-tZm- P-h-t\m-Kr-lo-Xm]-iy-Xy-N-p-x-k- i-r-tWm-Xy- I-Wxk-th-n- th-Zyw- \- N- X-kym-kv-Xn- th-mX-am-lp-c-{Kyw- ]p-cp-jw- a-lm-w(B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hv- I-c- N-c-W- c-ln-X-\m-sW-n-epw- k-a-kv-X- h-kv-Xp-sf-bpw- {K-ln-p--h\pw- A-Xn-th-Kw- k-h-{X- K-an-p--h\-pw- Ip-I- Iq-Sm-sX- k-h-hpw- Im-Wp--h\pw- Im-Xp-I- Iq-Sm-sX- Fmw- tI-p--h-\pw- B-Ip-p.- A-h- A-dn-tb--Xm-bn-p--Xv- Fmw- A-dn-bp-p.- F-m,- A-h-s\- A-dn-bp--h-\m-bn-v- B-cp-an-.- PvR-m-\n-I- A-h-s\- a-lm-s\-pw- B-Zn-]p-cp-j-s\-pw- ]-d-bp-p)- (tizX-i-X-tcm-]-\n-j-v- 3:-19)\- Xky- Im-cyw- Ic-Ww- N- hn-Zy-tX\- X-ky- k-a-kv-Nm-`y-[n-I-iv-N- Zr-iy-tX]-cm-ky- i-Iv-Xn- hn-hn-ss[-h- {iq-b-tXkzm-`m-hn-Io- Pv-Rm-\- _-e- {In-bm- N(B- ]-c-{_-lv-a-n-\v Po-hn-I-sf-tm-se- i-co-c-hpw- C-{n-b-hpw- C-.A-h-\v- h-ep-tXm- k-Zr-i-tam- B-bn-v- a-m-cpw-Xs-bn-.- A-h-s-d- i-Iv-

38

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Xn-hn-ti-j-- ]-e-hn-[-n- {]-tLm-jn--s-Sp-p.- A-hn-S-t-v- PvRm-\-i-Iv-Xn- {]-h--\-- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv)- (tiz-X-i-X-tcm-]-\n-jv- 6:-4)\- X-ky- I-iv-Nn-Xv- ]-Xn- A-kv-Xn- tem-tI\- tN-in-Xm- ss\-h- N- X-ky- enw-Kw\- Im-c-Ww- I-c-Wm-[n- ]m-[n-t]m\- Nmky- I-iv-Nn-Xv- P-\n-Xm- \- Nm-[n-]x(A-h-\p- Xp-ey-am-bn- tem-I-n-emcp-an-.- A-hn-S-tm-Sv- B-Pv-Rm-]nm- B-cp-an-.- A-hn-S-t-v- Zr-iy-am-b- A-S-bm-f-hp-an-.- k--h-ns-d-bpw- Im-c-W-I--m-hm-b- A-h-\v- Im-c-W-m-c-\m-bn- B-cp-an-.- AhnS-t-v- P-\-bn-Xm-th-m- A-[n-]-Xn-tbm- B-bn- B-cp-an-)- (tiz-X-i-Xtcm-]-\n-j-v- 6:-5)\- X-{X- kq-tcym- `m-Xn- \- N-{- Xm-c-Iwt\-am- hn-Zyp-tXm- `m-n- IptXm-- b-a-Kv-\nxX-ta-h- `m-w- A-\p-`m-Xn- k-hwX-ky- `m-km- k-hw- C-Zw- hn-`m-Xn(A-hn-sS- ]-c-{_-lv-a-n-\p- ap-n- kq-c-y-t\m- N-{-t\m- \--{X-tfm- {]-Im-in-p-n-;- C-Sn-an-- t]m-epw- A-hn-S-s- ap-n- \n-jv-{]`-am-Wv.- ]n-s- Cu- A-Kv-\n- F-hn-sS?- k-z-bw-{]-Im-i-am-b- A-hn-S-s{]-Im-i-m-em-Wv- k-h-Xpw- {]-Im-in-p-Xv-;- k-h-Xn-s-d-bpw- {]-Imiw- A-hn-S-s- {]-Im-iw-X-s-bm-Wv-)- (ap-Wv-U-tIm-]\n-j-v- 2:-2:- 11)A-i-co-cw- i-co-tc-jz-\- h-kv-tY-jy- h-kv-Yn-Xwa-lm-w- hn-`p-am-Xv-am-\w- a-Xzm- [o-tcm- \-tim-N-Xn\-m-b- am-Xv-am- {]-h-N-t\-\- e-t`ym- \-ta-[-bm- \-_-lp-\m-{ip-tX-\b-ta-ssh-j- hr-Wp-tX- tX-\- e-`y(B- ]-cam-Xv-am-hv- A-kv-Yn-c-\pw- i-co-c-ap-s-n-epw- hn-tZ-l-\pw- A-N-e-\pw- a-lm-\p-am-Ip-p.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hn-s\--n- A-dn-bp-- Pv-Rm\n- H-cn--epw- tim-Im-Xp-c-\m-hp-n-.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hv- hm-n-\pw- ImXn-\pw- _p-n-pw- A-{]m-]y-am-Wv.- F-m-,- B-cp-sS- ta- A-h-\v- Ir]-bp-tm,- A-h-\v- B- `m-Kyw- e-`n-p-p.- F-s-m,- A-h- Ir-]m-]m{X-n- am-{X-ta- kz--bw- {]-Xy--s-Sp-I-bp-q-)- (I-tTm-]-\n-j-v- 1:-2:22,-23).-

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ss_-_n- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-n-epw- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-n-ep-wss_-_n- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-n-se- {]-hm-NI-m- ]-d--Xpw- a-sm--.k--bn-epw- Kp-W--fn-epw- G-I-\pw- AZzn-Xo-b-\p-am-b- H-cp- I--m-hns-d- A-kv-Xn-Xz-s--p-dn-m-Wv- D-]-n- ]p-kv-X-Iw- ap-X- am-em-Jnh-sc-bp-- ]-g-b- \n-b-a-n-se- ap--n-H--Xv- ]p-kv-X-I-fn-epw- {]-kvXm-hn-p--Xv.- G-Xm-\pw- ss_-_n- kq-Iv-X-- Im-Wp-I:"I-m-hp- ]-dp-:- Rm-\m-Wv- kh-iIv-X-\-m-b- ssZ-hw-.- \o- Fsd ap-m-sI- \-Sp-I'.- (D-]-n- 17:-1)."I-m-hv,- A-tX,- I-m-hv- Imcp-Wy-hpw- {]-km-Z-hpw- D-- ssZ-ham-Ip-p.- -a-bpw- A-N--e-X-bpw- hn-i-z-kv-X-X-bpw- \n-d--h-\m-Ipp.- B-bn-c--tfm-Sv- A-N--e- kv-t\-l-ap--h.- A-[-a-hpw- A-Xn-{Ia-hpw- ]m-]-hpw- s]m-dp-p--h'-.- (]p-d-m-Sv- 34:-6,-7)."A-h- \n-s-d- ]n-Xm-h--tbm?- \n-s- \n-an--h-.\n-s- kr-jv-Sn--h,- \n-s-d- ]-cn-]m-e-I.'- (B-h--\w- 32:-6)."B-Im-iw- ssZ-h-n-s-d- a-l-Xzw- hn-fw-_-cw- sN-p-p.B-Im-i--am-\w- A-h-s-d- I-c-hn-cp-Xv- {]-tLm-jn-p-p'(ko--\-- 19:-1)."C-{km-bo-te- tI-m-epw- \-p-sS- ssZ-h-am-b- I-m-h-s{X- G-I-Im-hv.- \n-s-d- ssZ-h-am-b- I-m-hn-s\- ]q-W- lr-Z-b-tm-Spw- ]qW- B-Xv-am-thm-Spw- ]q-W- i-Iv-Xn-tbm-Spw- Iq-Sn- kv-t\-ln--Ww'.- (Bh--\w- 6:-4)."I-m-hn-s\- kv-Xp-Xn-p-IB-Im-i-n-\n-v- I-m-hn-s\- kvXp-Xn-p-I.D--X--fn- A-h-s\- kv-Xp-Xn-p-I.I-m-hn-s-d- k-I-e- am-em-J-am-tc,- A-h-s\- kv-Xp-Xn-p-I.I-m-hn-s-d- k-h-ssk-\y--tf,- A-h-s\- kv-Xp-Xn-p-I-.kq-cy-N-{-am-tc,- A-h-s\- kv-Xp-Xn-p-I.an-n-n-f-p-- k-h-\--{X--tf,- A-h-s\- kv-Xp-Xn-p-I.A-Xyp--X-am-b- B-Im-i-ta,- A-h-s\- kv-Xp-Xn-p-I.B-Im-i-n-\v- ap-I-fn-ep-- P-e-cm-in-tb,- A-h-s\- kv-Xp-Xn-p-I.A-h- I-m-hn-s-d- Xn-cp-\m-a-s- kv-Xp-Xn--s.Im-c-Ww, A-h- I-]n-p-;- A-h- kr-jv-Sn--s-p.-

40

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A-h- A-h-sb- im-iz-X-am-bn- kv-Ym-]n-p-;A-h-v- a-dn-I-S-p-Iq-Sm-- A-Xn-cp-I-fpw- I-]n-p'.(k-o--\-- 148:-16)]-g-b-\n-b-a--n-se- {]-hm-N-I-m-cp-sS- ]n-Km-an-bm-bn- h-- tb-ip-{Inkv-Xp-hpw- ]-Tn-n--Xv- G-I-\m-b- {k-jv-Sm-hmWv- k-I-e-hn-[- kw-hn-[m-\pw- ]n-n-ep--sX-- bm-Ym-Yy-am-bn-cp-p.- I-e-n-m-- G-IssZ-h- hn-i-zm-k-am-bn-cp-p- A-t-lw- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-b-vX-sX-v- kphn-ti-j--fn-se- {]-Xn-]m-Zy-- kp-X-cmw- hy-Iv-X-am-p-p.- ]-c-a-{]-[-m\-am-b- ssZ-h-I-]-\- G-Xm-sW-- H-cp-- th-Z-Pv-R-s-d- tNm-Zy-n-\vtb-ip- \-Ip-- a-dp-]-Sn- {i-n-p-I:"]-c-a-{]-[m-\-am-b-Xv- C-Xm-Wv-:- "A--tbm- C-{km-tbte- tI-q,- \p-sS- ssZ-h-am-b- I-m-hm-Ip-p- G-I- I-m-hv.- \n-s-d- ssZ-h-amb- I-m-hn-s\- ]q-W- lr-Z-b-tm-Spw ]q-W- B-Xv-am-thm-Spw- ]qW-a-\-tm-Spw ]q-W- i-Iv-Xn-tbm-Spw-Iq-Sn- kv-t\-ln-p-I (am-tm-kv12:-29,-30).k-h-i-Iv-X-\m-b- ssZ-h-m- A-b--s-- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I- am-{Xam-Wv- Xms\-- h-kv-Xp-X- {In-kv-Xp- hy-Iv-X-am-p--Xv- t\m-p-I:"G-I- k-Xy-ssZ-h-am-b- \n-s-bpw- \o- A-b-- tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-s\bpw- A-dn-bp-I- F--Xm-Wv- \n-Xy-Po-h.- \o- F-s- G-]n-- tPm-en]q-n-bm-n- Rm- `q-an-bn- \n-s- a-l-Xzo-I-cn-p'- (tbm-l-m- 17:3,-4).km--`n-I-am-bn- H-cp- Im-cyw- hy-Iv-X-am--s,- tb-ip-hpw- ap- {]-hm-NI-m-cp-sa-mw- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X- ip--am-b- G-I-ssZ-h- hn-izm-kn-\p- ]-I-c-am-bn- ss{I-kv-X-h- k-`- kzo-I-cn-n-cn-p-- hn-Nn-{X-am-b- Hcp- hn-i-z-m-k-am-Wv- {Xn-tb-I-Xz- hn-izm-kw-.- ]n-Xm-hv-,- ]p-{X-,- ]-cn-ip-mXv-am-hv- F-o- aq-v- B-f-Xz--f-S-n-b-Xm-Wv- G-I-ssZ-h-sa-m-Wv- {XntXzm-]tZ-iw.- km-am-\y-_pn-tm- bp-Iv-Xn-tm- tbm-Pnm-- H-cp- hni-zm-k-am-Wn-Xv.- ]n-Xm-hpw- ]p-{X-\pw- ]-cn-ip-m-Xv-am-hpw- A-h-cp-sS- hyIv-Xn-Xz--fn- k-z-X-{-cm-hp-I-bpw- A-tXm-sSm-w- k--bn-sem-m-hpI-bpw- sN-p--sX--s\?- k-Xy-n- {Xn-tXzm-]-tZ-i-n-\v- D-t]m-Zv-_e-I-am-bn- H-scm-- h-N-\w- t]m-epw- ss__n-fn-se- ]-g-b-tXm- ]p-Xn-b-tXm-

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B-b- \n-b-a-{K-\v-Y--fn-sem-pw-X-s-bn-.- C-Xn-\n-p-X-s- {Xn-tbI-Xz-hn-izm-kw- tb-ip-thm- ap- {]-hm-N-I-m-tcm- A-tm-kv-X-e-m-tcm]-Tn-n--X-s-v- kp-Xcmw- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-p.G-I-ssZ-h-m-cm-[-\{k-jv-Sm-hpw- kw-c-I-\p-am-b- G-I-ssZ-h-Xz-n-ep-- hn-izm-k-nsem-Xp-n- \n-p-n-- C-kv-em-an-s-d- Xu-lo-Zv.- ]-c-aIm-cp-WnI-\pwI-cp-Wm-\n-[n-bpw- \o-Xn-am-\p-am-b- A-m-lp-hn\v- am-{X-ta- B-cm-[-\-If-n-p-hm- ]m-Sp-p-sh-- X-zw- Iq-Sn- A-Xv- D-sm-p-p.- Ckv-em-an-s-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- B-Z-i-am-b- "em-C-em-l- C---'- Cu- B-i-bam-Wv- D-sm-p--Xv.- "A-m-lp- A-m-sX B-cm-[y-\n-m'--sb-m-WvCu- I-en-a-bp-sS- A-Yw.- I--v ap-X- hn-{Klw- h-scbpw- B-a-cw- apX- Xp-f-kn-s-Sn- h-sc-bpw- i-h-Ip-So-c-- ap-X- ]q-h-]-n-Xm--hsc-bpw- \m-Kw- ap-X- ]-ip -h-sc-bpw- am-em-J-am- ap-X- ]n-im-Np- h-sc-bpw- ]p-Wy-hm-f-m- ap-X- {]-hm-N-I-m- h-scbp-ap-- B-cpw-Xs- B-cm-[-\-I-f-ln-p-n-;- k-h-i-Iv-X-\m-b- A-m-lp- A-m-sX.C-Xm-Wv- C-kv-em-an-s-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-zw.a-\p-jy-t\-m- D--X-\m-b- a-sm-cp- kr-jv-Sn-bp-an-s--Xm-Wv- Jp-B-s-d- A-[ym-]-\w- "Xo--bm-bpw-- a-\p-jy-sc \mw- G--hpw- \-- L-S-\tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn- kr-j-vSn-n-cn-p-p'- (Xo-:- 5)- F-m-W-v A-m-lp- ]-d-bp-Xv.- a-\p-jy-t\-m- D-Ir-jv-S-am-b- G-I-k--bm-Wv- A-m-lp-hn-t-dXv-.- a-\p-jy-I-gn-hn-s]-Sm-- H--\-h-[n- Im-cy-- X-\n-p- Np-pw- Xsd- kz-w- i-co-c-n-epw- a-\p-jy-\v- Im-W-m- I-gn-bp-p.- kz-Po-h\n-e-\n-p-- lr-Z-b-an-Sn-tm- c-Iv-X-Nw-{I-a-W-tam- a-p -Po-hn-I-fn-\nv- hy-Xn-cn-Iv-X-am-p-- a-kv-Xn-jv-I- {]-h--\--tfm- H-pw-X-s- Xs-d- I-gn-hn-tem- \n-b-{-W-]-cn-[n-bn-tem- A-s-v- A-h- A-dn-bp-p.`q-an-bn- Po-h- \n-e-\n-p-hm- ]-cym-]v-X-am-b co-Xn-bn-ep-- kq-c-ys-d- N-e-\--tfm- A--co--n-s-d- kw-hn-[m-\-tam- H-pwX-s- Xs-d- \n-b-{-W-n-\v- hn-t[-b-a-s-v- A-h- a-\-n-em-p-p.- CuA-dn-hv- Xt-m- i-Iv-Xn-bp-- H-n-t\m-Sv- k-lm-b-a`y-Yn-p-hmA-h-s\- t{]-cn-n-p-p.- Cu- k-lm-bm-`y-Y-\-sb-t{X- {]m-Y-\.- `n-jKz-c-t\m-Sv- tcm-Kn- k-lm-b-a-Yn-p--Xpw- ]-W-m-c-t\m-Sv- ]-Wn-m-ckm--n-I- k-lm-bw- tNm-Zn-p--Xpw- {]m--Y-\-bp-sS- ]-cn-[n-bn- h-

42

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

cp-n-.- A-h- Im-cy-Im-c-W-_-\v-[--fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-n-ep-- A-Y\-bm-Ip-p.- Im-cy-Im-c-W-_-\v-[--v- A-Xo-X-am-b- A-Y-\-bm-Wv{]m-Y-\.- Cu- {]m--Y-\-X-s-bm-Ip-p- B-cm-[-\.- {]m-Y-\-bm-Ip-pB-cm-[\-bp-sS- a-Pv-P.- {]m-Y-\-bn--m-- B-cm-[-\-I- tI-h-ew- B-Nmc-- am-{X-am-bn-o-cp-p.- {]m-Y-\-bp-sS- B-Xv-am-hv- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-p-Xv- {]m-Yn-p--h-s-d- a-\-n-\-I-m-Wv.- F-{X- kp--c-am-b- {]mY\m-Ko-X-am-bn-cp-m-epw- A-Xv lr-Z-b-n--\n-v- ]p-d-p-h-cp--X-sn- tI-h-ew- hm-Nm-tSm-]-am-bn- ]-cn--Wa--n-p-p.- - {]m--Yn-p--h-s-dlr-Z-bw- {]m-Yn--s-Sp--h-s-d- k-lm-bw- Imw-n-p-tm- am-{X-ta{]m-Y\
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tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

43

]n-bpw- bp-Iv-Xn-am-\p-a-t{X- A-h'- (B-ep-Cw-dm-18).D-]-\n-j-p-I-fn- Nn-e-h- ]-e- ssZ-h--tfm-Sp-ap-- {]m-Y-\-I- Dsm-p-p-v.- F-n-epw- Nn-e- D-]-\n-jZv- kq-I-vX-- hy-Iv-X-am-bn-Xs- -G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bp-sS- a-l-Xz-hpw- _-lp-ssZ-h-cm-[-\-bp-sS- AY-iq\y-X-bpw- D-Zv-tLm-jn-p-p-v.- A-\iz-c-\pw- A-\m-Zn-bpam-b- G-IssZ-h-s- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n--W-sa-v- kq-Nn-n-p-- Cu-im-hm-tkym]-\n-j-n-se- H-cp- kq-Iv-Xw t\m-p-I:"A\v-[w- X-ax-- {]-hn-i-n-tbf kw-`qXn-ap-]m-k-tXX-tXm- `q-b- C-h- tX- X-tam- b- D- kw-`q-Xymw- c-Xx(\-iz-c--fm-b- tZ-h- ]n-Xr- am-\-hm-Zn-I-sf-- D-]m-kn-p--h- A-Pv-Rm\-a-m-Ip-- tLm-cm-\v-[-Im-c-n- ]-Xn-p-p.- A-hn-\m-in-bm-b- ]-camXv-am-hn-s\-p-dn-v- an-Yym-`n-am-\-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbn-cn-p--hcpw- tLm-cm-\v[--Im-c-n-X-s- ]-Xn-p-p)- (Cu-im-hm-tkym-]-\n-j-v- 12).tam-si-v- ssZ-hw- \-In-b- ]-v- I-]-\-I-fn-epw- G-I-\m-b- {k-jvSm-h-m-sX- B-cm-[n--s-S-cp-sX- X-zw- Im-Wmw.- b-tlm-h- ]-d-bp-Xm-bn- ]-g-b- \n-b-aw- D--cn-p--Xv- Im-Wp-I:"\n-s-d- ssZ-h-am-b- I-m-hv- Rm-\m-Ip-p-;- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv- tZ-ip-\nv-,- A-Sn-a-`-h-\-n-\n-v,- \n-s- tam-Nn-n-p-sIm-p- h--h-.- Rm\-m-sX- a-p- tZ-h-m- \n-\-p-m-h-cp-Xv.- H-cp- hn-{K-l-hpw- \n-\-m-bnD-m--cp-Xv.- \o- A-h-p- ap-n- X-e-Ip-\n-p-I-tbm- A-h-sb- tk-hnp-I-tbm- A-cp-Xv'- (]p-d-m-Sv- 20:-25).]-g-b-\n-b-a-{]-hm-N-I-m-cp-sS- ]n-Km-an-bm-bn-- h-- tb-ip-hpw- ]-Tn-n- X-z-hpw- G-I-\m-b- I-m-hn-s\- am-{X-am-Wv- B-cm-[n-t--Xv- Fm-bn-cp-p.- X-s- {]-tem-`n-n-v- `u-Xn-I- {]-a--\m-m- th-n- h- km-m-t\m-Sp-t]m-epw- {In-kv-Xp- ]-d--Xv- Xm- A-S--ap-- k-Ie-cp-sSbpw-- {k-jv-Sm-hpw- ]-cn-]m-e-I-\p-am-b-h-\p- am-{X-w- B-cm-[-\-I-fn-p-Ib
- pw- \-ak
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- pam-Wv- sN-t-s
- X-m-bn-cp-p.- "km-ms\- Zq-sc-tm-hp-I-;- F-s-m- \n-s-d- ssZ-h-am-b- I-m-hn-s\- Bcm-[-n--Ww.- A-hn-S-p-s- am-{X-ta- \-a-kv-I-cn-m-hq F-v- F-gp-X-s-ncn-p-p-'- (a-m-bn- 4:-10).G-I-\pw- k-thm--Xp-am-b- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s\- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n-p-- a\p-jy-cn-se- A-[-a-Xz-hpw- A-l-m-c-hpw- ]q-W-am-bn- \n-jv-Im-kn-X-am-

44

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hp-p.- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy- am-\-hn-I-Xm- hm-Z-hpw- (humanism) am-Iv-kn-k-hpwa-\p-jy-\m-Ip-p- {]-]--n-se- G--hpw- D--X-s\-pw- A-h-s\- \n-b{n-p--tXm- A-h-\p- ap-I-fn-ep--tXm- B-b- bm-sXm-cp- i-Iv-Xn-bpwC-s-pw- hm-Zn--tm- A-Xn-s-d- ^-e-am-bn- h-f-p-h-Xv- H-cp- X-cwA-l-m-c-am-bn-cp-p.- B- P-\-X-I-fp-sS- X-I--bp-sS- \n-an--hpw- CuA-l-m-cw-X-s.- A-tX-k-a-bw,- kv-Ym-]-\-a-X--fp-sS- B-cm-[-y-m- Ip-I-fpw- k-ky--f-pw- P-p--fpw- i-h-Ip-So-c--fpw- ]p-Wy-hm-f-m-cp-amWv.- X-t- f-m- I-gn-hp- w- i-IvX
- n-bpw- Ip-d
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- n-m-Xn-cn-p-,-- Al-mc-n-\pw- {k-jvS- n-Is
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- n-iz- m-k
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tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

45

kzo-I-cn-n-cn-p--sX-pw- \ym-bo-I-cn-mdp-v.- a-\p-jy-a-\p-I-fp-sSA-I

- f
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- sf-p-dn-v- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- A-dn-bm-hp-- {k-jv-Sm-hn-te-v- H-cp- C-S-\n-e-mc-s-d- B-h-iy-ap-s-- hm-Zw- C-kv-em-w- AwKo-I-cn-p-n-.- A-h-- \p-sS- k-ao-]-kv-Y-\m-sW-pw- A-h-t\m-Sp-am-{X-am-Wv- {]m-Y-\-I- An-t--sX-p-am-Wv- Jp-B- ]-T-n-n-p--Xv."\n-tm-Sp- F-s-d- Zm-k-m- F-s--n tNm-Zn-m- R-m- (A-hv- G--hpw-)- A-Sp-p--h-\m-Ip-p (F-v- ]-d-bp-I-).- {]m-Yn-p--hF-s- hn-fn-p- {]m-Yn-m- Rm- B- {]m-Y-\-v- D--cw- \--Ip-Xm-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-v- F-s-d- B-lzm-\w- A-h- kzo-I-cn-p-I-bpw- Fn-e-h- hn-iz-kn-p-I-bpw- sN--s- A-h- t\-hgn- {]m-]n-m- thn-bm-Wn-Xv' (A-_-J-d- 186).\-p-sS- a-\n-\v- D-sm-m- {]-bm-k-I-c-am-b- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s-dk--sb- ]q-Pnp-tm- a-\-n-s-d- tI-{o-I-c-W-n-\p-th-n-am-{Xam-bn-m-Wv- hn-{K-l-- D-]-tbm-Kn-p--sX-pw- hm-Zn--s-Sm-dp-v.- CXn- I-g-n-.- B-cm-[n--s-Sp-- h-kv-Xp-hn-ss-d- k--bp-sS- Nn-{Xwa-\-n- [ym-\n-s-n- a-m-{X-ta- B-cm-[-\- ]q-W-am-Iq- F-v- ]-d-bp-Xn- A-Y-an-.- Nn-{X-a-,- i-Iv-Xn-sb- k-w-_-\v-[n-- t_m-[-am-Wv- Bcm-[n-
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46

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a-ln-p-n-.Hm-tcm-cp--cpw- X--n-jv-S-ap-- co-Xn-bn- ssZ-h-s- B-cm-[nm- a-Xn-sb-- ho--W-hp-am-bn- C-kv-emw- s]m-cp--s-Sp-n-.- Cuho--Ww- i-cn-sh-m- i-h-n-s-d- A-h-b-h-- ]n-gp-sX-Sp-v- kwlm-c- \r-w sN-bv-Xp-sIm-v- "ssZ-thm-]m-k-\'- \-S-p-- A-tLm-ca-X- k-{-Zm-b-hpw- ssew-Ko-Im-h-b-h--fn-eq-sS- H-en-n-p-- E-Xp-c-Iv-Xa-Zy-em-b-\n- \-n-p-S-p-sIm-v- "ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-'- \-S-p-- Xm-{n-Ia-X- k-{-Zm-b-hpw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-t--Xm-bn- h-cpw.- C--s\- F-{X-sb-{Xt-Nv-O-am-b- ssZ-hm-c-m-[-\m- ap-d-I!- A-h- sN-p--h-sc- kw-_-\v-[nn-S-tm-fw- A-h-bm-Wv- A-h-cp-sS- ho--W--n-se- ssZ-hm-cm-[-\.- \-apn-h-sb- Aw-Ko-I-cn-m-\m-hp-n-s--Xv- th-sd- {]-iv-\w.- A--h-cp-sS- Cjv-S-n-\-\p-k-cn-v- A-h-sc- ssZhm-cm-[-\- \-S--p-hm- A-\p-hZn-W-sa-v- \-ap-sm-pw- A-`n-{]m-b-an-.- C-Xn-\-Y-sa-m-Wv?- Hm-tcm-cp-cpw- kz-w- C-jv-S-{]-Im-c-ap-- ssZ-hm-cm-[-\m- k-{-Zm-bw- kzo-I-cnp-I-b-- th--Xv,- {]-Xyp-X- ssZ-hw- ]-Tn-n-pX--sX-p-d-p-- B-cm[-\m- k-{-Zm-b--fn-eq-sS-bm-h-Ww- Hm-tcm--cp--cpw ssZ-h-s- k-ao]n-t--Xv.- A-tm- G-I-ssZ-h-s- B-cm-[n-t--sX--s\-bm-sWv- a-\-n-em-p--Xn-\p-th-n- ssZ-hn-I-sa-p-d-p-- t{km-X-n-s\X-s- k-ao-]n-t--Xm-sW-v- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-p.- ssZ-hn-I-am-sWv- \qdp-i-X-am-\w- D-d-p-- H-scm-- t{km-X-p-am{X-ta- C-v- \n-e-\n-p-pq- F-v- \-ap-v- A-dn-bmw.- A-Xm-Wv- hn-ip-- Jp-B.- Jp-B\pwA-Xn-s\- {]-tbm-K-h-X-vI-cn-- {]hm-N-I-s-d- N-cy-bpw- ]-Tn-n-p-- X- coXn-I-fn- am-{X-am-Wv- ssZ-h-s- B-cm-[n-t--sX-- C-kv-em-an-I- Xz-n-s-d- {]-k-Iv-Xn- C-hn-sS- \-ap-v- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- a-\-n-em-m- Ign-bp-p.C-kv-em-an-se- B-cm-[-\-IC-kv-emw- ]-Tn-n-- B-cm-[-\-I- G-I-ssZ-h-Xz-sa-- B-i-b-s- Fm- A-Y-n-epw- {]-tbm-K-h-Xv-I-cn-p-I-bpw- hy-Iv-Xn-sb- hn-a-eo-I-cn-p-Xp-h-gn- Ip-Spw-_-s-bpw- k-aq-l-s-bpw- cm-jv-{S-s-bp-sa-mw- kwkv-I-cn-p-I-bpw- sN--p-p.- A-p- t\-c-s- \n-_-\v-[- \-a-kv-Im-cam-Wv- H-cp- ap-kv-enw- H-c-h-k-c-n-epw- H-gn-p-Iq-Sm- ]m-Sn-m-- B-cm[-\.- H-cp- Zn-h-k-s- ap-kv-en-an-s-d- Po-hn-X-am-cw-`n-p--Xp-X-s- \-a-

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

47

kv-Im-cw- sIm-m-Wv.- A-cp-tWm-Z-b-n-\v- ap-v- \n-h-ln--s-Sp-{]-`m-X-\-a-kv-Im-c-n-eq-sS- k-h-i-Iv-X-\m-b- {k-jv-Sm-hn-\v- ap-n-\nv- A-h-s-d- kv-Xp-Xn-Io--\--fm-e-]n-p-I-bpw- Xn--I-fn-\n-vap-Iv-X-am-b- Po-hn-Xw- \-bn-p-hm- A-h-s--d- A-\p-{K-l--fm-h-iy-sSp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-v- Po-hn-X-hr-n-I-fm-cw-`n-p-- H-cm-v- ]n-sssZ-h-tIm-]-n-\v- ]m-{X-am-Ip-- ]m-X-bn-eq-sS- k--cn-p-hm- km-[np-tam?- {]-`m-X- \-a-kv-Im-c-n-eq-sS- ssI-h-cn-- B-Xv-a-hn-ip-n-bp-sSH-fn-a-p--Xn-\p-ap-v- a-[ym-lv-\- \-a-kv-Im-cw- h-s-p-I-bpw- A-tmgpw- ]m-]-tam-N-\-n-\p-th-n-bpw- am-K-{`w-iw- kw-`-hn-m-Xn-cn-p-Xn-\p-th-n-bpw- ]-S--X-p-cm-\p- ap--n- ssI-sI-n-\n-pw- \-{a-in-c-kvI-\m-bpw- km-jv-Smw-Kw- \-an-pw- ap-kv-enw- {]mYn-p-p.- a-[ym-lv-\- \-akv-Im-c-n-s-d- kv-a-c-W-bn-\n-v- ap-Iv-X-\m-hp--Xn-\p-ap-v- km-bmlv-\- \-a-kv-Im-cw- h-s-p-I-bpw- ho-pw- ssZ-h-im-k-\-I-f-\p-k-cn-v{]-h-n-m-sa-pw- ]m-]--fn-\n-v- A-I-p-\n-m-sa-pw- ap-kvenw- {]-Xn-Pv-R sN-p-p.- km-bm-lv-\- \-a-kv-Im-c-n-eq-sS- t\-Sn-sb-Sp- kw-ip-n-bn-\n-v- hy-X-n-N-en-v- Zq-jn-X- hr-n-I-fn-te-v- {i-- Xncn-bm- km-[y-Xbp-- k-ab
- s
- a-p- t- m-tg-pw- k-\v[
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- vI
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- nte-v- ap-kv-enw- {]-th-in-p-p.- A-Xp-Ign-v- cm-{Xn-bn- sX-p-Ip--v- km-[y-X-I- G-sd-bp-- k-a-b-a-Sp-p-tm-tg-pw- ho-pw- \nim-\-a-kv-Im-c-n-eq-sS- ]m-]-tam-N-\-n-\m-bn- {]m-Yn-p-Ibpw- ssZ-him-k-\-I- A-\p-k-cn-m-sa-v- {]-Xn-Pv-R-sb-Sp-p-I-bpw- sN-p-p.A-p-t\-cw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- \-a-kv-I-cn-p-- H-cmsf- kw-_-\v-[n-n-S-tmfw- A-bm-fp-sS- a-\-n-\v- ss-Z-h-kv-a-c-W-bn-\n-v- A-I-p-\n-mk-a-b-ap-m-hp-I-bn-.- c-l-ky--fpw- ]-c-ky--fpw- A-dn-bm-hp-- ]-S-X-p-cm\p- ap-n-\n-v- A-p-t\-cw- B-Xv-am-Y-am-bn- \-a-kv-I-cn-p- H-cm-v- ]n-s- sX-p- sN-m- k-a-b-sahn-sS?- hn-ip-- JpB]-d--sX{X i-cn-!"Xo-b
- m-bpw- \-ak
- vI
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- r-n-bn-\n-pw- \njn-I
- -a
- n\n-pw- X-S-bp-p.- A-m-lp-sh- Hm-an-p-I-sb--Xv- G--hpw- a-l-mb- Im-cyw- X-s-bm-Ip-p.- \-n-- {]-h-n-p--sX-tm- A-Xv- Am-lp- A-dn-bp-p'- (A-A-I-_q-v-:- 45).\-a-kv-Im-cw- I-gn-m- ]n-s- C-kv-em-an- G--hpw- {]-[m-\-s--

48

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

B-cm-[-\m-I-a-am-Wv- k-Im-v- A-Y-hm- \n-_\v-[-Zm-\w.- k--n-sdkw-kv-I-c-W-am-Wv- k-Im-v.- k-m-n-I- hn-j-a-a-\p-`-hn-p-- hy-Iv-XnI-sf- k-lm-bn-p-sIm-v- A-hcp-sS- hn-j-a-X-I- ]-cn-l-cn-p--Xn-\vk-aq-l-s- k-Pv-P-am-p-hm-\m-bn- C-kv-emw- \-S-m-n-b- B-cm-[-\m- k{Zm-b-am-Wn-Xv.- k-m-Zy-n-\pw- Ir-jn-pw- I-p-Im-en-k--n-\pw\m-Wb
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- n-\p-sa-mw- A-hb
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- n-v- k-Im-v- \-Ip-hmap-X-em-fn- _m-[y-kv-Y-\m-Wv.- [-\n-I-s-d- Hu-Zm-cy-sa-- \n-e--,- Z-cn-{Zs-d- A-h-Im-i-sa-- \n-e-m-Wv- k-Im-n-s\- Jp-B- ]-cn-N-b-s-Spp--Xv.- k---s-d- A-Sp-p-\n-v- cmjv-{S-tam- k-aq-lw- D--c-hm-Zs-Sp-n-b k-Ym-]\
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- a- m-bm- tem-I
- p-\n-v- Zm-cn-{Zy-s- ]q-W
- a- m-bn- C-m-Xm-mI-gn-bpw.
{h-Xm-\pjv-Tm-\am-Wv- a-sm-cp- {]-[-m-\-s-- B-cm-[-\.- {]-`m-Xw- apX- {]-tZm-jw- h-sc- A--]m-\o-b--fn--\n-pw- hn-Im-c-]q-o-I-cWn-\n-pw- hn-p-\n-p-I-bm-Wv- C-kv-emw- {h-Xm-\p-jv-Tm-\w- sIm-vhn-h-n-p--Xv.- ssZ-h-ln-X-s- am-{Xw- am-\n-p-sIm-v- B-lm-c-]m\o-b-- sh-Sn-bp-I-bpw- hn-Im-c-- \n-b-{-n-p-I-bpw- sN-p-- Hcm-fn- ssZ-ht- _m-[h
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tam--n-s-d- am-Kw

49

-W-t_m-[-hpw- h-f-p-tXm-sSm-w-X-s- A-h-\n- k-a-kr-jv-Sn kvt\-l-hpw- km-aq-ln-I-t_m-[-ap-m-n-sb-Sp-p--Xn-\pw- {h-Xm-\p-jv-Tm\-n-\v- I-gn-bp-p.- hn-i-n-s-d- th-Z-\- A-\p-`-hn--dn-bp-- t\m-pIm-c-\v- ]-n-Wn-m-h--tfm-Sp-- Zo-\m-\p-I-- h-f-p-h-cp-p.- {h-XwG-Xp- ]n-ip--s\-bpw- D-Zm-c-\m-p-I-bpw- ]m-h-s--h-s\- ]-cn-K-Wn-p-h-\m-p-I-bpw- sN-p-p.- C--s\,- hy-IvXn-sb- kz-bw- \n-b-{-Wn-\v- ]m-I-am--p-I-bpw- t-Nv-O-kz-`m-h--fn-\n-v- ap-Iv-X-\m-p-I-bpwsN-p--tXm-sSm-w- Z-cn-{Z-s\-bpw- [\n-I-s\-bpw- sF-Iy-s-Sp-p-- Hcp- i-Iv-X-am-b- D-]-I-c-WwI-q-Sn-bm-Wv-{h-Xm-\p-jv-Tm-\w.
-C-kv-em-an-I- B-cm-[-\m-I-a--fn- A-h-km-\-t-Xm-b- l-Pv-Ppw- a\p-jy-\pw- {k-jvSm-hpw- X-n-ep-- _-\v-[w- kp-Zr-V-am-m-\p-X-Ip-- co-Xn-bn- kw-hn-[m-\n--s-n-p--Xm-Wv.- km--n-I-hpw- im-co-cn-I-hpam-b- ti-jn-bp-- H-cm- Po-hn-X-n-sem-cn-- l-Pv-Pv- sN-- \n-_\v[
- a- m-Wv.- _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\
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- n-\n-s-n-b- e-
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-
- n-\v- a-\p-jy-cn-sem-cm-fm-bn- l-PvP
- v- sNp--h- am-dp-p.- F-m-h-pw- H-tc- th-jw.- H-tc- kz-c-w.- a-\nssZ-h-t_m-[w.- Np-n- ssZ-h-kv-t{Xm-{X-.- D--\o-N-Xz--fn-.- tZio-b-X-bpsS-bpw- {]m-tZ-io-b-X-bpsS-bpw- A-Xn-h-c-p-I-fn-.- I-dp-h-\pw- sh-fp--h-\pw- X-n- A--c--sfm-p-an-.- ap-X-em-f-n-bpw sXmgn-em-fn-bpw- H-tc-t]m-se-X-s.- F-m-h-cpw- H-tc- th-j-n- H-tc- kz-cap-cp-hn-p-sIm-v- H-tc- I-a-- sN-p-p.- H-tc-sbm-cp- ssZ-hw- H-scm- P-\-X-sb-- C-kv-em-an-s-d- B-i-bw- l-P-vPn- {]-I-S-am-bn-m-Wpp.C--s\-,- G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-sb-- B-i-b-s- A-Xn-s-d- ]q-W-

50

tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-

cq-]-n- {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn- A-h-X-cn-n-p-- Z-i\-am-Wv- C-k-vemw.G-Is

- sZ-ha-
- m-- B-cpw- B-cm- [n-s
- -Sc
- p-sX-- C-kve
- m-an-s-d- ASn-kv-Ym-\- X-z-n-\p- ap-n- X-I-p-ho-W-Xv- hn-{K-l--fpw- i-h-IpSo-c--fpw- hym-P-ssZ-h--fpw- am-{X-am-bn-cp-n-;- ssZ-h--fp-sS-bpw- a\p-jy-cp-sS-bpw- C-S-bn-ep-f-f- Z-m-f-m-cm-bn- N-a-- ]u-tcm-ln-X-yw- Iq-Snbm-bn-cp-p.- X-s-d- I-Wv-T-\m-fn-tb-m- A-Sp-v- kv-Yn-Xn- sN-p-h-\m-bn-m-Wv- A-m-lp-hn-s\- Jp-B- ]-cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xv.- A-XpsIm--p-X-s- A-m-lp-hn-\pw- a-\p-jy--p-an-S-bn- a-[y-h-n-I-sfmpw- B-h-iy-an-sm-Wv- C-kv-em-an-s-d- A-[y-m-]-\w.- bm-sXm-cp- co-Xn-bn-ep-ap-- ]u-tcm-ln-Xyhp-w- C-kv-emw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-p-n-.- ssZ-h--fpsS- t]-cn- a-\p-jy-sc- X-n-eS- n-n-p-- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-s-d- Nq-jW
-
- n\n-v- a-\p-jy-cm-in-sb- c-n-p-I-bm-Wv- C-Xn-eq-sS- C-kv-emw- sN-bv-Xncn-p--Xv.km-tlm-Z-cy-n-s-d- A-Sn--d
G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\,- a-\-p-jy-h-K-s- k-I-e-hn-[- k-p-Nn-X-Xz--fn\n-pw- ap-Iv-X-am-p-p.- kz-tZ-in-sb-bpw- hn-tZ-in-sb-bpw- k-h-W-s\bpw- A-h-W-s\-bpw- sh-fp--h-s\-bpw- I-dp--h-s\-bpw- hy-Xy-kv-Xk-ap-Zm-b--fn-epw- tKm-{X--fn-epw- X-d-hm-Sp-I-fn-epw- s]--h-sc-bpw- hyXy-kv-X- `m-j-I- kw-km-cn-p--h-sc-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-v- ]-cn-]m-en-p--XvG-I-\m-b- ssZ-h-am-sW-- Nn-- A-h- X-n-ep-- h-ep-Xpw- sN-dp-Xp-amb- k-I-e-hn-[- A-kv-]r-iy-X-I-fp-sS-bpw- A-Sn-th-c-dp-p-p.- k-h-i-IvX-\pw- k-thm--X\p-am-b-h-s-d- ap-n- am-{Xw- Cu- hn-`m-K--sfmw- X-e-Ip-\n-p-tm- A-h-sc- `n-n-n-p- \n-p-- k-I-e- a-Xns-p-I-fpw- X-I-p-Xcn--W-am-hp-p.- {k-jv-Sm-hn-\p- ap-n- F-m-hcpw- k-a-m-cm--sW- [m-c-W- h-f-p-h-cp-tm- hy-Xy-kv-X- hn-`m-K-v- P-m-hIm-ia- m-bn-n-n-b- "X-e
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- f-mw- C-m-sX-bm-hp-p.a-\p-jy-sc-mw- Hscm-- ssZ-h-ns-d- kr-jv-Sn-I-fpw- H-scm-- a-m-Xm-]nXm--fp-sS- k--Xn-I-fp-am-sW-- C-kv-em-an-s-d- {]-Jym-]-\w- tK-m-{X-aln-a-bp-sS- t]-cn- X-neSn-n-p-sIm-n-cp-- A-d-_n-I-sf- F-p-am{Xw- sI-p-d-p-- H-cp- k-aq-l-am-bn-m-Wv- ]-cn-h-n-n--sX-v- N-cn{Xw- ]-Tn-np--h--dn-bmw.- tZ-i-n-s-d-bpw- tKm-{Xn-s-d-bpw- `mj-bp-sS-bpw- h-W-n-s-d-bpw- t]-cn-ep-- k-I-e- an-Yym-`n-am-\--sf-

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bpw- X-I-p-I-f-- Jp-B-\n-s-d- {]-Jym-]-\w- C--s\-bm-Wv-:"tl-:- a-\p-jy-tc,- Xo--bm-bpw- \n--sf- \mw- H-cm-Wn-\n-pw- H-cps]-n-\n-p-am-bn- kr-jv-Sn-n-cn-p-p.- \n--f-t\ym-\yw- A-dn-tb--Xn\v- \n--sf- \mw- hn-hn-[- k-ap-Zm-b--fpw- tK-m-{X--fpw- B-p-I-bpwsN-bv-Xn-cn-p-p.- Xo--bm-bpw- A-m-lp-hn-s-d- ASp-v- \n--fnG--hpw- B-Z-c-Wo-b- \n--fn- G--hpw- [-a-\n-jv-T- ]m-en-p--h-\mIp-p.- Xo--bm-bpw- A-m-lp- k-h-Pv-R-\pw- kq-v-a-Pv-Rm-\n-bp-amIp-p'- (lp-P-dm-v- 13).{]-hm-N-I- ]-d-p:- "A-d-_n-v- A-\-d-_n-tb-m-fp-tam- sh-fp-h-\v- Idp--h-s\-m-fp-tam- bm-sXm-cp- a-l-Xzhp-an-;- [-a-\n-jv-T-bp-sSt]-cn-e-m-sX'- (ap-kv-e-nw,- A-_q-Z-m-hq-Zv-)."\n-iv-N-bw- \n--fp-sS- ssZ-hw- H-v,- \n--fp-sS-sb-mw- ]n-Xm-hpw- Hcm-X-s.- F-m-h-cpw- B-Z-an-\n-p--Xv:- B-Z-tam- a-n-\n-pw'- (apkv-enw- A-_q-Zm-hq--Zv-).G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bm-Wv- C-kv-em-an-s-d- B-Xv-amhv.-A-m-lp-hn-\v- am{Xw- B-cm-[-\-I-f-n-p-- H-cm-v- am-{X-ta- kz-w- Po-hn-X-s- ]qW-am-bn- ssZ-th-Nv-O-v- hn-t[-b-am-bn- ]-cn-h-n-n-p-hm- I-gn-bq.A-tm- am-{X-ta- H-cm-v- kz--w- Po-hn-X-s- k-q-W-am-bpw- kh-i-Iv-X-\v- k-a-n-m-a-p-kv-en-am-Ip-hm- Ign-bq.- k-I-e- {]m-N-I-mcpw- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X- a-X-n-s-d- t]-cm-Wv- C-kv-emw- F-p- \mw- a\-n-em-n.-- _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm[-\- D-sm-p-- C--s- a-Xm-Nm-c-fn- an--Xpw- ]p-tcm-ln-X-m-cp-sS- kr-jv-Sn-bm-sW-pw- A-h-cp-sS- kzm- Y
- - Xm]-cy-- kw-c
- n-p-X
- n-\p-th-n- ]-Sb
- v
- s
- -h
- b
- m-sW-pam-Wv- ]-T-\-- hy-Iv-X-am-p--Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s- ]-c-tem-I-tamw- B-{K-ln-p-- k-tlm-Z-c-- ssZ-h-Zq-X-m- ]Tn-n-- Z-i-\wk-h-i-Iv-X-\v- kz-w- Po-hn-Xw- k-a-n-p-- Po-hn-X-co-Xn- kzo-I-cn-pI-bm-Wv- th-Xv.k-Xy-s- I-s-p-hm-\pw- kzo-I-cn-p-hm\-pw- k-hi-I-vX- \-sA-\p-{K-ln--s.- B-ao-!-

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tam--n-s-d- am-Kw-