Water

Practicals
 HORROCKS APPARATUS

 Designed to find out the dose of

bleaching powder required for
disinfection of water.
 CONTENTS
 6 white cups( 200ml capacity)
 1 black cup with circular mark inside
 2 metal spoons(2g capacity)
 7 glass stirring rods
 1 special pipette
 2 droppers
 Starch– iodide indicator solution
 Instruction folder
 PROCEDURE
 Take 2g of bleaching powder in the
black cup, make it into a thin paste
with little water.
 Add more water to paste & make
up volume up to circular mark with
stirring.
 Fill 6 white cups with water to be
tested up to 1 cm below the brim.
 With the special pippette provided
add one drop of stock soln to 1st cup,
2 drops to the 2nd cup and so on..
 Stir the water in each cup with
separate rod.
 wait for half hour for the action of
chlorine.
 Add 3 drops of starch– iodide
indicator to each.
 Development of blue color indicates
presence of free residual chlorine.
 Calculations
 Suppose 3rd cup develops blue color.
 Then 3 x 2 g of bleaching powder is
needed to disinfect 455 l of water.
 Therefore the quantity needed (x) to
disinfect (y) l of water will be =
 6 y / 455
 Orthotoludine test
 0.1ml OT reagent to 1 ml of water.
 Yellow colour develops proportionate
to cl concentration.
 Measured by chloroscope.
 SAMPLING
FOR PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL ASSESMENT
sample collected in clean glass stoppered
bottles made of neutral glass of capacity not
less than 2ltrs.
FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
sample collected in clean sterilized bottles
made of neutral glass, capacity of 250ml, with a
ground glass stopper having a overlapping rim.
 SAMPLE FROM TAP WATER
 Tap opened fully, let water run to
waste for 2 min.
 Bottle held near the base with one
hand & the stopper & paper cover over
it removed together & held in fingers.
 Bottle should be filled from a gentle
stream of water from tap, avoiding
splashing.
 Sampling from rivers, wells
etc
 Tie additional string to the bottle
string.
 Dip bottle with string not with hands.
 Face mouth of bottle towards stream
 Generate current in still water.
 Location for the sampling
 Transport & storage of
Samples
 the bacteriological examination of
the sample should be commenced
asap after collection.
 Water should be kept in ice until
it is taken for analysis within
48hrs of collection.
 Samples not preserved in this
manner should be rejected.
THANKYOU