1

bi ging chuyn t vn gim st

giM st thi cng lp t
thit b cng trnh v cng ngh
2
Phn i

Gim st thi cng lp t
thit b cng trnh
3
1. tng quan v t vn gim st tbct
1-1. Gii thiu chung v cng tc tvgs - tbct
+ Nhng ni dung, yu cu chung v cng tc T vn Gim st Cng
trnh xy dng, chng ta s c xem xt ti cc chuyn khc ca lp
hc ny.
+ Cng vic T vn gim st cng trnh c c im chung l:
Ngn nga t xa nhng sai st, sai phm trong qu trnh thi cng cng
trnh
Cng trnh xy dng l mt sn phm c c th khng nhn thy
trc khi quyt nh u t (mua), do TVGS c tc dng quyt nh
to nn mt sn phm c cht lng yu cu.
+ Trong phn ny ch cp n cng tc T vn gim st thi cng,
lp t Thit b cng trnh hay cn gi l phn C in cng trnh
(M & E). y l cng vic gim st thi cng, lp t ton b cc phn
hng mc k thut ca Cng trnh xy dng, sau khi hon thnh c
coi nh H thng thn kinh lun hot ng lin tc ca mt c th
Cng trnh.
4
i tng TVGS:
1-1. Gii thiu chung v Bi ging
5
1-1. Gii thiu chung v Bi ging
+ iu kin gim st m bo cht lng phn C in cng
trnh:
C mt kin thc tng qut v ton din cc vn v
chuyn mn.
Hiu bit & kinh nghim v quy trnh thi cng, lp t
phn Thit b Cng trnh.
+ Nhng ni dung s trnh by v cng tc gim st thi cng v
nghim thu lp t ca cc phn: Phn in, in nh,
phn Chng st, h thng Thng gi - iu ha khng kh,
cp lnh, phn Cp thot nc trong nh, phn Thang my,
phn phng chng chy n.
+Yu cu quan trng
Nhng hiu bit v lp t trang thit b C in cng
trnh lm vic an ton, tin cy.
C nng lc t thit k, xy lp, gim st thi cng n qun
l, bo dng, vn hnh Thit b C in cng trnh sao cho
ph hp vi cc Tiu chun Quc gia v Quc t.
6
1-2. Yu cu v Gim st thi cng lp t Thit b
cng trnh
+ Phn Gim st ny c tin hnh ng thi vi vic thi
cng phn xy dng ngay t khi khi cng cng trnh
(phn tip a, t ng ch cho ng cp in, ng
ng nc, ng ng thng gi...) n khi hon thin kt
thc cng trnh.
+ Nhng yu cu chung
O Kim tra s ph hp v nng lc ca nh thu thi cng
phn M&E (c th l nh thu ph, i thi cng ...).
O Kim tra, gim st vic cung ng vt t, thit b ca nh
thu thi cng a vo cng trnh.
O Kim tra ngun gc, xut s, chng loi cc loi Vt liu
phn C in a vo lp t cng trnh nh: ng ng
in, ng ng nc, ng iu ho, Dy dn in, cc
Thit b in, Chng st, Thang my, Nc, iu ha
7
1-2. Yu cu v Gim st thi cng lp t Thit b
cng trnh
O Gim st qu trnh thi cng: Phng php lp t, phng
tin, dng c, my mc, nhn lc tin hnh thi cng,
lp t theo ng Quy trnh, Quy phm, m bo
khng nh hng n cc cng vic phn xy dng
cng nh m bo tin chung ca cng trnh
ra.
O Gim st v cht lng Vt liu, thit b lp t trong
cng trnh theo ng nhng yu cu k thut ca h s
Thit k bn v thi cng v c cc Chng ch cht l-
ng ca cc C quan c thm quyn cp.
O Gim st v vic lp v kim tra bin php thi cng, lp
v ghi nht k thi cng ng quy trnh
O Gim st v vic lp v kim tra bin php m bo an
ton lao ng, an ton mi trng

8
1-2. Yu cu v Gim st thi cng lp t Thit b
cng trnh
O Ch u t cng vi n v T vn gim st cn p ng yu
cu ca nh thu v thi im thc hin cng tc
nghim thu (nghim thu ni b, nghim thu chnh thc)
m bo tin thi cng ra.
O Gim st v nghim thu cng vic lp t theo:
Tng Hng mc v giai on thi cng: Cc Hng mc in,
in nh, Chng st, iu ho, Nc, Thang my
Tng giai on Lp t, thi cng khc nhau:
+ Phn ngm tng, sn, trn nh, ngm t.
+ Phn ni v hon thin cng trnh.
O Trong phn lp t ngm ca tt c cc hng mc
(in, in nh, Nc, Chng st, iu ho.) cn phi
c nghim thu trc khi hon thin cng trnh, (c bn v
hon cng cc phn lp t ngm) y l cng vic
quan trng m bo cht lng ca phn C in cng
trnh. C th nh sau:
9
1-2. Yu cu v Gim st thi cng lp t Thit b
cng trnh
Phn in, in nh: Cc ng ng (PVC, uPVC, thp)
lun dy lp t ngm phi theo ng k thut, s
ng yu cu.
ng ng Cp, thot nc:
ng (ng thp, PPR) cp nc sch (nc lnh, nc nng)
sinh hot, cha chy phi kim tra t kn vi p lc
t yu cu k thut.
ng cp nc nng cn phi m bo dy, vt liu bo
n bc bn ngoi ng theo ng bn thit k yu cu.
ng thot nc sinh hot, thot nc ngng iu ho (PVC,
uPVC) t ngm phi m bo kn, dc yu
cu.
ng thot nc ngng iu ho cn c thm yu cu: Lp
bo n bc cch nhit theo ng thit k yu cu.
10
1-2. Yu cu v Gim st thi cng lp t Thit b
cng trnh
ng ng iu ho - thng gi:
ng dn Gas (ng ng) ca my iu ho cc b hoc h
iu ho thng minh (VRV) phi t kn yu cu (ch
im ni bng hn), c bc lp bo n ng yu cu thit k.
ng thng gi cn kim tra v vt liu ( dy ca lp tn
bc), kch thc tit din ng ng, dy ca lp bc bo n
cch nhit (nu c) theo ng yu cu thit k.
O Hng mc Nng lng in, ngoi thi cng theo ng yu cu k
thut cn phi m bo an ton in trong khi thi cng cng
nh khi vn hnh.
O Nh thu TVGS phi lp h thng gim st ng chuyn ngnh
v ng k ch k ca tng c nhn tham gia gim st. Mi cng
vic hon thnh phi c bin bn xc nhn theo mu quy nh.
O Theo Ngh nh ca Chnh Ph v qun l cht lng cng
trnh xy dng s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 c iu
chnh bin bn nghim thu hon thnh cng vic, giai on thi
cng, hng mc ... ch cn c hai bn k thng qua l: n v
TVGS v Nh thu thi cng (nhm nng cao trch nhim ca
TVGS).
11
1-3. Ni dung v cng vic T vn Gim st phn thit
b cng trnh
y l cng vic T vn Gim st ton b cc phn Hng
mc K thut ca Cng trnh, bao gm:
Phn in (Electrical system)
Phn in nh: in thoi (Telephone), mng my tnh
(DATA), truyn hnh (TV), thng tin cng cng (PA),
Camera gim st (CCTV), Bo chy (FA), kim sot vo ra
(AC)
Phn Chng st (Lightning protection system)
Phn iu ho - Thng gi (HVAC)
Phn Cp Thot nc (Plumbing)
Phn Thang my.
Phn Phng chng chy n: Bo chy v Cha chy.
Cc Hng mc k thut khc km theo: H thng cp gas, h
thng theo di, qun l to nh (BMS - to nh thng minh)
...
12
1-4. Phng php T vn Gim st phn C
in cng trnh
Phng php nh gi trc tip: Bng mt thng, bng cc php
th nghim trc quan hoc vi dng c o n gin: Thc dy,
thc kp (Panme), knh lp, ng h in vn nng, my nh s
...
Phng php nh gi gin tip: Thng qua ti liu: L lch,
catalogue, giy xut nhp khu, chng ch k thut, kt qu
kim nh chuyn mn, giy bo hnh cc vt liu, thit b
lp t trong cng trnh. Thng qua kh nng p ng yu cu
ca nh thu i vi bng tin thi cng v biu nhn lc
trnh duyt.
Cn b TVGS phi nm c danh mc chng loi ca cc vt
liu phn M&E ch u t ph duyt hoc theo chng loi
Vt liu khi u thu quy nh.
Yu cu Nh thu phi trnh mu cc loi Vt liu (hoc
catalogue thit b) phn M & E theo cc chng loi nh trn. Khi
thi cng, c nhng sn phm, phn vic ging nhau vi s lng
ln trong cng cng trnh, cn phi lm (lp t) mu trc 1 sn
phm : on ng ng c bo n (cch nhit), on ng
thng gi mu, phng mu, cn h mu ......
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1-4. Phng php T vn Gim st phn
C in cng trnh
Gim st, nghim thu theo tng hng mc vi thng s k
thut v h s ring bit: in, in nh, Chng st, Nc,
iu ho...
Cn phn bit cc tiu chun, yu cu ca thit b lp t
trong cng trnh: Tiu chun Vit Nam hoc tiu chun
chu , tiu chun chu u (EU hay G7), tiu chun Anh, M
tu theo yu cu ca mi cng trnh, c th hin trong
thit k, thuyt minh (SPEC) v yu cu phn thit b
cng trnh.
i vi cc vt liu, thit b C in cng trnh ang ph
bin ti Vit Nam th iu quan trng nht l phn bit c
vt liu tht (chnh hiu) v vt liu gi (hng nhi).
Cn b TVGS phi c o c cao v ngh nghip, lm
vic, quan h vi cc n v, b phn trn cng trnh mm
do, cng quyt, vi tinh thn hp tc.
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1-5. Phng php nh gi cht lng phn C in Cng
trnh
Cht lng, chng loi Vt t v Thit b phn C in
cng trnh c duyt a vo Cng trnh, chng phi
ph hp vi tm quan trng v quy m ca Cng trnh,
ng vi danh mc vt liu do Ch u t yu cu hoc
Nh thu cam kt khi u thu.
Cc ti liu v xut s, ngun gc, ti liu catalogue,
chng ch k thut ca vt liu phn M&E y ,
ng quy cch.
Phng php thi cng, lp t cc hng mc theo ng
Quy trnh, Quy phm chuyn ngnh. Thit b, vt liu c
lp t ng v tr, chc nng s dng (loi lp t
ngm, ni, trong nh, ngoi nh, di nc ....).
Tin thi cng ph hp vi yu cu tin chung ca
cng trnh ra. Nhn lc thi cng m bo yu cu
(chuyn mn, tay ngh) p ng c yu cu ca cng
vic trong tng thi k, giai on thi cng.
15
1-5. Phng php nh gi cht lng phn C in Cng
trnh
Cc kt qu o c, kim nh cc thng s k
thut ca tng hng mc yu cu m bo ng
tiu chun k thut chuyn ngnh.
Cng tc nghim thu, chy th ton b h thng
ca mi hng mc (sn phm xy dng) ng quy
trnh, p ng y cc thng s k thut chuyn
mn ca thit k ra, tho mn yu cu s
dng ca n v qun l v ngi s dng cng
trnh.
Cc hng mc c thi cng, lp t m bo an
ton, nht l phn in, Thang my, Phng chng
chy n
Cng tc an ton, v sinh mi trng ca cng trnh
m bo yu cu.

16
2. Cc dng Thit b chnh lp t vo Cng trnh Xy
dng
2-1. Thit b H thng in
- Thit b Ngun in: Trm bin p 3 pha, My Pht in 3 pha
- Thit b bo v, ng ct mch in: Cu dao, my ct, ptmt,
cng tc ...
- Thit b iu khin: My bm, Thang my, ca in, n
- Thit b s dng in: n, qut, my tnh
2-2. Thit b in nh
- Tng i in thoi (Telephone), lin lc ni b (Intercom)
- Thit b Truyn thanh, Pht thanh (Public Address - PA)
- Thit b truyn D liu (DATA): Switch, HUB, Enclosure.
- Thit b Tn hiu (IP) anten truyn hnh (MATV; CATV)
- Camera v Moniter theo di (CCTV)
- Thit b Qun l to nh (BMS)
2-3. Thit b Chng st (Lightning protection system)
- Thit b Chng st nh thng: Kim chng st kiu truyn thng
(FRANKLIN), Cc Kim chng st kiu Tia tin o (E.S.E Lightning
Arrest).
- Thit b Chng st lan truyn: Cc Thit b Chng st lan truyn
chuyn dng
17
2. Cc dng Thit b chnh lp t vo Cng trnh Xy
dng
2-4. Thit b iu ho, Thng gi (HVAC)
- H thng my iu ho trung tm: (Chiller,
VRV )
- My iu ho cc b: (2 khi: Indoor,
outdoor units)
- Cc Qut thng gi hoc Cp gi ti (ngoi
tri)
2-5. Thit b Nc sinh hot (Plumbing)
- Cc My Bm nc sch sinh hot, cha chy
- Cc My Bm nc thi
- Cc Thit b v sinh
- Cc loi van: Kho, mt chiu, gim p ...
- Cc Thit b Cp nc nng: Bng in, bng
Gas hoc h thng dng nng lng Mt tri
2-6. Cc Thit b Vn chuyn
- Thang my cc loi
- Thang cun, Bng ti
2-7. Thit b Bo chy t ng (Fire alarm
system)
- Thit b (u) bo chy kiu khi, kiu nhit
gia tng, thit b bo la, thit b bo Gas r r

- Nt n, chung bo chy.
- n tn hiu (ch th) bo chy
- Trung tm Bo chy t ng
2-8. Thit b Phng chy, Cha chy
- Tr nc Cha chy
- Hp Cha chy vch tng (FIRE HOSE REEL)
- Bm nc cha chy
- Thang my
- Qut thng gi cu thang thot him
- H thng ca chn la, ca ra vo iu
khin t ng
- Bnh Cha chy bt ABC v CO2 hoc bnh
bt
- Thit b Cha chy t ng bng nc
Sprinkler, cng tc dng chy (Bo chy)
- Cc bin hiu, n hiu.
2-9. Cc Thit b khc
- Ca ra vo t ng hoc ng m bng in
- Ca to nh iu khin bng in thoi
(PHONE DOOR)
- H thng cp Gas sinh hot
- H thng Cp nc nng dng nng lng mt
tri

18
3. Kim tra Vt liu v Sn phm xy dng tr-
c v trong khi thi cng
Vt liu c s dng thi cng phi ph hp v ng chng loi vt liu
c Ch u t d n ph duyt.
Kim tra ngun gc, xut s (C/O - CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN
PROCESSING) v cht lng (C/Q - CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY) ca
vt liu: Catalogue, Nc sn xut, giy nhp khu v Chng ch k
thut km theo ca Nh sn xut.
Kim tra vic trnh mu Vt liu trc khi tin hnh thi cng, lp t.
Kim tra cc Chng ch Kim nh k thut ca cc loi Vt liu c
lp t.
Kim tra quy trnh thi cng lp t Vt liu, Thit b phi ng Tiu
chun, Quy phm chuyn ngnh. Thit b phi c lp t ng v
tr, chc nng v yu cu k thut ca chng (chng nc, an ton.).
Tt c cc Sn phm sau khi thi cng ca cc Hng mc M & E u
phi c o Kim nh tho mn cc Tiu chun k thut chuyn
ngnh yu cu.
Trng hp cn thit TVGS c th ly mu vt liu trong khi nh thu
ang lp t a i nh gi cht lng bi c quan kim nh
chuyn ngnh.
19
4. Cc Tiu chun, Quy phm ngnh Xy dng (TCXD)
v Vit Nam (TCVN) v phn Thit b Cng trnh
4-1. Tiu chun v phn in
Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN)
Quy phm Trang b in
TCVN 2328:1978 Mi trng lp t Thit b in - nh ngha
chung
TCVN 4756:1998 Quy phm ni t v ni khng cc Thit b
in
11TCN 18: 1984 Quy phm Trang b in - Phn I: Quy nh
chung
11TCN 19: 1984 Quy phm Trang b in - Phn II: H thng -
ng dn in
11TCN 20: 1984 Quy phm Trang b in - Phn III: Bo v v
t ng
11TCN 21: 1984 Quy phm Trang b in - Phn IV: Thit b
phn phi v Trm bin p
- Trong cc Tiu chun trn, cn ch Tiu chun 11TCN 18:1984
v la chn dy dn v kim tra dy dn theo iu kin pht nng.
Tiu chun An ton in
- Cn ch cc Tiu chun sau:
TCVN 3256: 1979 An ton in - Thut ng v nh ngha
TCVN 4086: 1985 An ton in trong Xy dng - Yu cu chung
20
4. Cc Tiu chun, Quy phm ngnh Xy dng (TCXD) v
Vit Nam (TCVN) v phn Thit b Cng trnh
Tiu chun chiu sng cho nh v cng trnh
TCVN 3743: 1983 Chiu sng nhn to cc nh cng nghip v cng trnh
cng nghip
TCVN 2063: 1986 Chiu sng nhn to trong Nh my c kh
TCVN 5176: 1990 Chiu sng nhn to - Phng php o ri
Tiu chun xy dng (TCXD)
TCXDVN 263: 2002 Lp t cp v dy in cho cc cng trnh cng
nghip
TCXDVN 16:1986 Chiu sng nhn to trong Cng trnh dn dng
TCXDVN 253: 2001 Lp t thit b chiu sng cho cc cng trnh
cng nghip - Yu cu chung
TCXD 25: 1991 t ng dn in trong Nh v Cng trnh cng
cng - Tiu chun Thit k
TCXD 27: 1991 t thit b in trong Nh v Cng trnh Cng cng
- Tiu chun Thit k
TCXDVN 394 : 2007 Thit k lp t trang thit b in trong cc
cng trnh xy dng. Phn an ton in
Hin nay B Xy dng ang tin hnh xy dng v hon thin
Tiu chun Thit k lp t in trong cng trnh xy dng theo IEC
60364 (Tiu chun ca Hi ng in quc t)
4- 2. Tiu chun v phn Chng st
TCXD 46:1984 Chng st cho cc cng trnh xy dng. Tiu chun thit k
- Thi cng
TCXDVN 46 : 2007 Chng st cho cng trnh xy dng. Hng dn thit k,
kim tra v bo tr h thng
21
4. Cc Tiu chun, Quy phm ngnh Xy dng (TCXD) v Vit Nam
(TCVN) v phn Thit b Cng trnh

4-3. Tiu chun v phn Cp - Thot nc
Tiu chun thit k, thi cng v nghim thu h thng cp thot nc
bn trong nh v cng trnh:
TCVN 4513 : 1988 Cp nc bn trong - Tiu chun thit k
TCVN 4474 : 1987 Thot nc bn trong - Tiu chun thit k
TCVN 5673 : 1992 H thng ti liu thit k xy dng - Cp Thot
nc bn trong - H s bn v thi cng.
TCVN 4519 : 1988 H thng Cp Thot nc bn trong nh v cng
trnh - Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
Tiu chun thit k, thi cng v nghim thu h thng cp thot
nc bn ngoi cng trnh:
TCVN 51 : 1984 Tiu chun thit k - Thot nc, mng li bn ngoi cng
trnh
TCVN 33 : 1985 Tiu chun thit k - Cp nc, mng li bn ngoi cng
trnh
TCVN 3389: 1985 Bn v thi cng - H thng ti liu thit k XD cp nc
v thot nc, mng li bn ngoi cng trnh
Quy phm v ti liu thit k, qun l cht lng:
TCVN 5576 : 1991 H thng cp nc - Quy phm qun l cht lng
TCVN 5673 : 1992 H thng ti liu thit k XD - Cp nc bn trong - H
s bn v thi cng


22
4. Cc Tiu chun, Quy phm ngnh Xy dng (TCXD)
v Vit Nam (TCVN) v phn Thit b Cng trnh

4-4. Tiu chun v phn iu ho - Thng gi
TCXD 232 : 1999 H thng thng gi, iu ho khng kh
v cp lnh. Ch to, lp t v nghim thu.
4-5. Tiu chun v phn in nh
Cht lng mng vin thng - Yu cu k thut TCN 68-
170:1998
Tng i in t PABX - Yu cu k thut TCN 68-
136:1995
Chng qu p, qu dng bo v ng dy v thit b
thng tin - Yu cu k thut TCN 68-140:1995
Cng, b cp v t u cp - Yu cu k thut TCN 68-
153:1995
Tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng TCN 68-141:1999
Thit b u cui vin thng - Yu cu k thut TCN 68-
190:2000
Chng st bo v cc cng trnh vin thng - Yu cu k
thut TCN 68-135:2001
23
4. Cc Tiu chun, Quy phm ngnh Xy dng (TCXD) v Vit Nam
(TCVN) v phn Thit b Cng trnh
4-6. Tiu chun v phn Thang my
Tiu chun an ton v cu to, lp t v s dng thang my
TCVN 5744 : 1993 Thang my - yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng
TCVN 6395 : 1998 Thang my in - yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t
TCVN 6397 : 1998 Thang cun v bng ch ngi - yu cu an ton v cu to
v lp t.
TCVN 5866 : 1995 Thang my - C cu an ton c kh
TCVN 5867 : 1995 Thang my - Ca bin, i trng, ray dn hng - yu cu an
ton

4-7. Tiu chun v Phng chng chy n
TCVN 2622: 1995 Phng chy chng chy cho nh v cng trnh Yu
cu thit k
TCVN 6161 : 1996 Phng chy cha chy Ch v trung tm thng mi
Yu cu thit k
TCVN 6160 : 1996 Phng chy cha chy Nh cao tng Yu cu thit k
TCVN 5760 : 1993 H thng cha chy Yu cu chung v thit k, lp
t v s dng
TCVN 6379 :1998 Yu cu k thut chung ca thit b cha chy.
TCVN 5738 : 1993 H thng bo chy Yu cu k thut
Nhng tiu chun khc c lin quan:
TCVN 4513 : 1988 : Cp nc bn trong nh
Tiu chun thng gi (cu thang thot him)
Tiu chun Thang my (thot him)


24
5. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t
h thng in
5-1. Yu cu k thut chung ca H thng in
Cht lng in phi m bo: in p n nh, tn s dng in
khng i, cung cp in lin tc. C th ti Vit Nam l: 380V/
220V- 50Hz.
Cc Thit b c yu cu cht lng in m bo l: Thit b Tin
hc, vn phng, Thit b in t ( cm in), my iu ho khng
kh, cc thit b in t theo di v qun l, bo v to nh. Trong
trng hp cn thit cn c b n nh ngun in ring (Trung tm
bo chy t ng, Camera gim st, Tng i in thoi, h thng
Thng tin cng cng, m thoi ni b...)
Cc ph ti chiu sng chim t l cng sut ng k ca ton b
cng trnh. Cn phn bit cc loi n khc nhau b tr cp
in, iu khin ring bit, ph hp vi c im v tnh cht ca
tng loi n. C hai loi n: n si t (nung sng)
(Incandescentlight); n phng in (hunh quang) (Fluorescent
light)
Cc thit b c lin h n h thng PCCC c yu cu cp in
ring bit tho mn cc Tiu chun v PCCC nh: Cc my Bm nc
cha chy, qut tng p cu thang, thang my thot him ... cn c
cp in bng cc dy in, dy cp chng chy (FIRE RESISTANT
CABLE)

25
5. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t h
thng in
5-2. Gii thiu chung v H thng Cung cp in trong cc cng
trnh xy dng Dn dng v Cng nghip
5-2/1. Ngun in Cng trnh:
Ngun in phc v cho vic thi cng Cng trnh: Cng sut ln
(my pht, li in) cp in cho my thi cng v vn phng cng tr-
ng
Ngun in ca cc Cng trnh xy dng: Theo thit k l trm
bin p v my pht in t cp
Trong tng trng hp c th, cc Cng trnh cn cn cc ngun
in t cp (My pht in) cho cc ph ti quan trng theo yu
cu s dng:
O Cng trnh cao cp: To nh Cao c Vn phng, trung tm th-
ng mi cao cp (cho thu), cc cng trnh ca Chnh ph, hoc
cc Khch sn 5 sao....Ngun in my pht c cng sut bng
ngun in li.
O Cng trnh Nh Chung c cao tng thng thng: Ngun in my
pht ch cp in cho cc ph ti u tin, cc cn h ch c cp t
ngun in li.

26
5-2. Gii thiu chung v H thng Cung cp in trong cc cng
trnh xy dng Dn dng v Cng nghip
5-2/ 2. Cc loi ph ti in ca Cng trnh
ECc ph ti in ca Cng trnh Cao cp: a dng, nhiu chng loi,
cng sut ln, yu cu cng sut d phng.
ECc Ph ti in ca Nh Chung c cao tng:
Phn ra 2 loi chnh: Ph ti chung ca to nh, ph ti ring ca cc
cn h v cc ph ti dch v khc.
Ph ti chung ca to nh bao gm: Chiu sng hnh lang, cu thang,
gara, bo v, tn hiu to nh, cc thit b Thang my, My Bm nc
sinh hot v Cha chy. Cc ph ti ny thuc ban dch v to nh qun
l v chi ph
Ph ti ring ca cc cn h: Cc loi cn h ring bit ti cc tng cn c
cung cp in ring vi cc thit b o m in nng ring bit.
Ph ti dch v khc: Cc b phn ring bit cho thu nh Ca hng, Siu
th, Vn phng... (tng 1, 2, 3) cn c cp in ring, o m in
ring v cng sut yu cu tu thuc vo khch hng.
27
5-3. Cc S in hnh H thng Cung cp in chnh (CCC)
trong cc Cng trnh xy dng
5-3/ 1. S Cung cp in chnh ca Cng trnh Cao cp.
28
5-3. Cc S in hnh H thng Cung cp in chnh (CCC)
trong cc Cng trnh xy dng
5-3/ 2. S Cung cp in chnh ca Cng trnh Chung c cao tng

29
5-4. Gim st v nghim thu Cc loi Vt liu v Thit b in in hnh
trong h thng in
5-4/ 1. ng dy dn in
1) Dy dn in (Conductor)
Dy bc cch in: Dy bc rut ng, v bc cch in PVC, dy n, i,
ba, loi cng hoc mm, mt si hoc nhiu si. Thng s chnh l tit din
dy mm2 (ghi trn v bc) nh: 1,5 ; 2,5 ; 4 ; 6 ; 10 mm2...
Cht lng ca dy th hin bi cc thng s: Tit din ng tiu chun t ra,
cht lng ng m bo (99-100)% khng pha thm cht liu khc, v cch in
cht lng cao, m bo yu cu k thut trong iu kin nhit , mi trng v
thi gian s dng.
K hiu cc loi dy in: PVC-(1x2,5): Dy n 1 li c tit din 2,5mm2 v
c 1 lp bc PVC; PVC/ PVC-(2x4): Dy i (kp), 2 rut, mi rut c tit din
4mm2 v c 2 lp bc PVC (dy i, ba)
Cc Nh sn xut cung cp cc dy dn loi ny: CADIVI, Trn Ph, Taya,
SUNCO, KOREA, CLIPSAL, SINO, PIRELLI, TAYA - i Loan, LENS, DELTA ...
2) Dy Cp in (Cable)
Cp l loi dy dn c bit, c cc loi cp 1 li, 2 li, 3 li, 4 li. Li c th
bng ng hoc nhm. Cp c cch in bng PVC hoc XLPE, tn ca cp
c gi theo cht cch in v vt liu lm li cp. Ngi ta ch to ra nhiu loi
cp c c tnh khc nhau thch ng vi mi trng s dng: Cp trong nh, di
t, ngoi tri, cp chu chua mn, chu n mn ho cht, chu lc c gii,
chu la...


30

5-4/ 1. ng dy dn in

2) Dy Cp in (Cable)
Cp 2 li dng cp in cho ph ti 1 pha, 3 li cp in cho ph ti 3
pha khng cn dy trung tnh, cp 4 li dng cho ph ti 3 pha, cn
dy trung tnh s dng cho c ph ti 1 pha (in p pha 220V).
K hiu dy cp thng thng:
+ Cu/ XLPE/ PVC-(3x16 +1x10): Cp ng cch in XLPE,
PVC, 3 li - 16mm2 v 1 li - 10mm2
+ Cu/ XLPE/ DSTA/ PVC-(3x25 +1x16): Cp ng, cc lp cch
in XLPE, PVC c bc ai thp, loi Cp lp t chn ngm trong
t.
+ Cp chng chy (FIRE RESISTANT CABLE)
Cc loi dy Cp in thng dng: CADIVI, Taya, Lin doanh Hn Quc
LS - Vina, TAIWAN, LENS, DELTA, ALCATEL, PIRELLI,
PURUKAWA...
Nghim thu v nh gi cht lng vt liu dy dn ni chung,
thng qua:
- So snh ng chng loi dy vi bng mu vt liu c duyt.
- Hng sn xut, ti liu thng s k thut, chng ch cht lng
ca Vit Nam hoc quc t.

31
5-4. nghim thu Cc loi Vt liu v Thit b in in hnh trong h
thng in
5-4/ 2. Ph kin lp t ng dy dn in (Accessories)
Lp t ng dy dn in lun cn phi c ph kin lp t km theo, m
bo k thut v an ton cho ngi. Ph kin lp t ph thuc vo phng php lp
t ng dy do thit k quy nh: Lp t ngm (ngm t, tng, trn nh);
lp t ni.
Phng php t ni: Dy dn c lun trong ng (conduit) hoc mng hp (trunking)
i ni trn tng, trn nh. y l cch lp t ca cc cng trnh thng thng khng
i hi m thut cao, lp t n gin, d sa cha, thay th.
Phng php lp t ngm: Dy dn c lun trong ng t ngm tng v trn nh
(hoc trn k thut) y l cch lp t ca cc cng trnh c yu cu cao v k,
m thut v c an ton cao. Trong phng php lp t ngm cn phn bit 2
dng lp t:
+ ng lun dy t trc, dy lun sau (ng k thut).
+ Lp t ng thi ng v dy ( lun) ngm tng (khng m bo k thut).
Cc cng trnh xy dng c quy m ln v hin i u yu cu lp in ngm
mang li m quan cho cng trnh.
Cc ph kin lp t ph bin l: ng ng (conduit), on ng cong (bend), cc loi
hp ko dy hoc ni dy (Pull Box or Junction Box), c th s dng ng n hi
d i hng ng theo ng cong cn thit. Ti cc ng dy trc ca to nh hoc
ngoi tri cn dng: Rnh cp (cable trench), khay cp (cable tray), thang cp (cable
ladder), hnh lang k thut (Technical gallery), h lun cp phc v cho vic t
cp ngm trong t. Rnh t cp ngm thi cng theo thit k.
Nghim thu cc ph kin lp t ng dy dn in theo quy trnh chung v
nghim thu vt liu, thit b cng trnh.
32
5-4. nghim thu Cc loi Vt liu v Thit b in in hnh trong h
thng in
5-4/ 3. Thit b bo v ng dy in
Thit b bo v qu ti, ngn mch trnh cho ng dy b chp,
chy do s dng, vn hnh gy nn.
1) Cu ch bo v
y l thit b bo v n gin nht, theo nguyn l nng chy c
t thi k u tin s dng in.
Cu ch c nhc im l: Khi tc ng t sinh ra la h quang
in, c th gy ra chy nu cu ch khng c lp kn. Mt khc
sau khi tc ng, cn phi thay th dy chy. Do ngy nay cc
cng trnh thng t s dng, cng trnh cao cp khng s dng cu
ch bo v.
Cc Hng ch to cu ch: Cu ch loi nh s ca Vit Nam
(Vinakip, Tin Thnh), Trung quc dng in t (5-40)A. Cu ch -
cu dao loi OESA do ABB ch to dng in n 800A. Cu ch
ng 3NA2 do Siemens ch to dng in nh mc n 400A, dng
ngn mch 120kA (s dng trong h thng truyn ti, phn phi
in).

33

5-4/ 3. Thit b bo v ng dy in

2) ptmt bo v (Thit b ct mch t ng - CB)
Aptmt l thit b ng ct h p, c chc nng bo v qu ti v
ngn mch cho ng dy dn in, y l nhng s c thng sy
ra trong mng h p.
Aptmt c u im: Kh nng lm vic chc chn, tin cy, tc ng
nhanh, an ton, ng ct ng thi 3 pha v kh nng t ng ho
cao. C kh nng bo v nhiu ln, khng cn thay th.
Aptmt c ch to vi cc in p khc nhau: 400V, 440V, 500V,
600V, 690V vi cc loi Aptmt 1 pha, 2 pha, 3 pha c s cc khc
nhau: Loi 1 cc k hiu: MCB1P6A, MCB1P16A... MCB1P63A... Loi
2 cc: MCB2P6A....MCB2P63A... Loi 3 cc: C 2 loi Aptmt 3 cc:
MCB3P20A v MCCB3P20A (3 cc loi nh v 3 cc kiu hp ln)).
Loi MCB3P ch c dng in n 50, 60A cn loi MCCB3P cho
php dng in rt ln 600-800-1000A.Loi 4 cc: Loi ny khi bo
v ct 3 dy pha v c dy trung tnh, do bo v an ton v tin
cy hn, ph ti hon ton cch ly vi li in. K hiu l: MCCB-4P-
100A, cho php dng in bo v n vi ba nghn Amper. Cc loi
Aptmt 3 cc, 4 cc loi ln vic ng ct c th c thc hin bng
Motor in ng ct, do chng cn lc ng ct ln v d dng ni
vi cc thit b t ng iu khin vic ng ct, thc hin
phn phi in theo yu cu ca ph ti.

34
5-4/ 3. Thit b bo v ng dy in
Loi Aptmt MCB1P....
MCB2P....(dng nh)

Loi Aptmt MCCB3P....(dng
hp)
35
5-4/ 3. Thit b bo v ng dy in
3) Cc loi Aptmt chng r in (Aptmt chng git)
Aptmt chng r c s dng bo v cho ng dy cp in khi xy ra chm
t dy pha nu c dng in r c cc tr s 30mA,100 mA, 300mA tu vo
loi Aptmt. Hin tng r in t dy pha xung t l do: ng dy pha cp
in chm vo t hoc cc vt kim loi chn vo tng, t. Trng hp khc c
th do thit b s dng in b chm vo kim loi t trn nn t. Nu hin
tng ny khng b loi b th c th nguy him cho ngi khi tip xc vi v tr
chm t hoc chm vo v thit b in b r in.
Aptmt chng r s t ng ct mch in khi c dng in r xut hin, do
mch dng in b r s b ngng cung cp in, bo v an ton cho ngi
s dng in.
Aptmt chng r s c ni tip vi cc Aptmt thng thng bo v qu ti
v ngn mch cho mch in. Nh vy n s lm cho vic bo v an ton cho c
ng dy, thit b cng nh ngi s dng.
Cc loi Aptmt chng git: Tt c cc Aptmt chng git u c cc quy nh
c ni vi dy trung tnh, v y l c s lm cho Aptmt chng git tc
ng bo v. C 2 loi Aptmt chng git:
+ Loi 2 cc cho ng dy cp in 1 pha
+ Loi 4 cc cho ng dy cp in 3 pha
36
5-4/ 3. Thit b bo v ng dy in
3) Cc loi Aptmt chng r in (Aptmt chng git)
Thng s ca Aptmt chng git: Im(A) - Dng in lm vic nh mc
lu di ca Aptmt chng git. Ir = 30 mA (100, 300 mA) - Dng in r
ca ng dy lm cho Aptmat chng git tc ng ct mch in.
K hiu Aptmt chng git:
RCCB ... ( RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREKERS )
ELCB.... ( EARTH LEAKED CIRCUIT BREKERS )
RCCB 2P 30A-30mA ; RCCB 4P 50A-300mA
ELCB 2P 25A-100mA ; ELCB 4P 60A-100mA
4) Nghim thu cht lng cc loi Aptmt
Nghim thu v nh gi cht lng thit b Aptmt thng qua:
- So snh ng chng loi vi bng mu vt liu c duyt.
- Hng sn xut, ti liu thng s k thut, chng ch kim nh v kh
nng ct bo v ca Aptmt ca Vit Nam hoc Quc t.
5) Cc loi Aptmt c s dng ph bin ti Vit Nam
Cc loi cht lng cao: Schneider, Merlin Gerin (Php); Siemens (c); ABB
(Thu s); Hager, Lergrand (Php); National, Mitsubishi, Hitachi (Nht)
Cc loi dn dng: CLIPSAL ; SINO ; Megaman- Gewissi ; LG ; Taiwan.....


37
5-4. nghim thu Cc loi Vt liu v Thit b in in hnh
trong h thng in
6) My ct in t ng
My ct in l thit b ng ct mch in
vi dng in ln (hng1000A) trong mch in
cao p (trn 1000V) hoc h p (0,4KV). Ngoi
nhim v ng ct dng in ph ti phc v
cho cng tc vn hnh, my ct cn c chc
nng ct dng ngn mch bo v.
My ct c k hiu: ACB vi thng s in p
nh mc (V, kV), dng in nh mc (A, kA)
Cc Hng ch to my ct (cht lng cao):
Siemens; Schneider; ABB, Hitachi ; National...
Nghim thu, nh gi cht lng ca my ct t
ng tng t nh i vi Aptmt trn.

38
5-4. nghim thu Cc loi Vt liu v Thit b in in hnh trong h
thng in
5-4/ 4. Thit b o lng in v Tn hiu
Cc thit b ny c lp ti cc t phn phi in theo di, kim tra, o m thng s in
nng v lng in nng ph ti thc t tiu th.
1) ng h o in p + B chuyn mch
theo di c c in p dy v in p pha ca ngun in (380V/220V) th i km theo ng
h Volmt cn c b chuyn mch 4 v tr (bng tay), cho php ta bit c cc in p dy v cc
in p pha khc nhau, bng cch vn b chuyn mch n cc v tr tng ng.
Cc ng h Volmet u c thang o t 0 - 500V cng vi b chuyn mch c th o c c
in p dy (380V) v in p pha (220V).
Theo in lc quy nh, ng h Vnmet v cc b chuyn mch s dng ca Hng EMIC VN mi
c chp nhn (Cng ty thit b o in Lin doanh Thu S )
Cc dng c o lp trong t in trn b ca cc Hng thit b in tryun thng c chng ch
quc t cng c chp nhn. (Siemens, ABB, Schneider, Legrand...)
2) ng h o dng in + My bin dng in (TI)
y cng l cc thit b o dng in ca cc ph ti ln (>100A) cho php bit c tr s dng
in tiu th thc t ca ph ti cc thi im khc nhau, trn c s c th nh gi c mc
tiu th in: nh mc, non ti, qu ti so vi thit k lp t.
Cn phi lp t 3 ng h Ampemt trong 1 t in o dng in 3 pha. Qua thy c
mc cn pha (i xng) cua rph ti. T c bin php khc phc s lch pha xy ra.
Dng in cn o thng l dng in ln (100A- 1000A), khng th o c trc tip bng Ampemt
thng thng. V vy i km theo Ampemt l cc my bin dng in c h s bin dng KI= 100/
5A , 200/ 5A, 500/ 5A; 1000/ 5A; 2000/5A ....(o gin tip).
Cc b ng h Ampemt, km theo my bin dng TI oc in lc chp nhn l EMIC hoc cc
Hng sn xut c chng ch quc t (Siemens, ABB, Schneider...)

39
5-4/ 4. Thit b o lng in v Tn hiu
3) Cng t o m in nng 3 pha, 1 pha
y l cc dng c o in nng hu cng tiu th thc t ca 1 ph ti hoc c mt h
thng ph ti (cng trnh).
Ph ti 3 pha: Dng cng t 3 pha. Ph ti 1 pha: Dng cng t 1 pha.
Ti cc Cng trnh Nh chung c cao tng, s dng nhiu cng t 3 pha v 1 pha cho cc
ph ti ring
Cc cng t in 1 pha, 3 pha hin nay in lc quy nh s dng ca hng EMIC -
c nim phong (kp ch) v kim nh t yu cu.
4) ng h o Tn s dng in, o H s cos
Cc dng c o ny theo di cht lng in nng v tnh cht ph ti s dng in.
ng h o tn s dng in (Heczmeter) theo di tn s dng in ca ngun
in c m bo f = 50 Hz hay khng. ng h o h s cos (Cosmeter) theo di
h s cos ca ph ti , y l h s quan trng i vi ph ti, lm c s tnh ton
kinh ph s dng in ca h dng in.
Cc ng h o ny in lc cng quy nh s dng ca EMIC hoc i km theo cc
T in ca cc Hng truyn thng.
5) Nghim thu thit b o lng in
Nghim thu v nh gi cht lng cc thit b o lng in thng qua:
+ So snh ng chng loi vi bng mu vt liu c duyt.
+ ng hng sn xut quy nh: Thit b ni - EMIC (ngnh in quy nh),
thit b ngoi: Lp km theo t trn b ca cc hng c uy tn (Siemens, ABB, Schneider,
Legrand ...) c chng ch kim nh ca Vit nam hoc quc t v chnh xc ca
thit b o.
+ Du nim phong kim nh ca thit b cn nguyn vn (kp ch cn nguyn
vn).
40
5-4. nghim thu Cc loi Vt liu v Thit b in in hnh trong h
thng in
5-4/ 5. Thit b iu khin, ng ct v s dng in
1) Cng tc, cm in 1 pha, 3 pha
Cng tc in
+ Cng tc l thit b dng ng ct bng tay cc ph ti theo yu cu s dng (n,
qut, thit b ...)
+ Cng tc thng xuyn tip xc vi ngi s dng, nn cn phi cch in an ton, v kn
m bo tuyt i an ton cho ngi s dng. Vn ny cc Hng sn xut u m bo yu
cu (v nha cch in khng chy, khng v).
+ Cng tc c thng s chnh: Dng in ng ct v in p tng ng: 10A-220V; 15A-
220V, s ln bt tt (10.000).
+ Ph ti cng sut ln c th dng Aptmt bt tt khi s ln bt tt khng nhiu (My
iu ho, Bnh nc nng), do Aptmt c nhiu loi dng in lm vic ln 16, 20, 25, 32A...
cm in
+ cm in thc cht l mt ngun in ch, cp in cho cc thit b dng in khc
nhau.
+ Thng s c bn ca cm in l dng in - in p, v d:10A/220V; 15A/220V
i vi loi 1 pha, 15A/380V.
+ Cc loi cm in 1 pha: Loi 2 cc, 3 cc (2 cc in v 1 cc in ni t) vi cc
tiu chun khc nhau. Loi lp ni hoc lp chm tng hoc c loi lp t m sn nh.
+ cm in 3 pha: C 2 loi cm 3 pha, loi 3 cc (3 pha) loi 4 cc (3 pha v 1 ni
t) vi cc dng in cho php 15A, 20A, 30A...
C rt nhiu hng ch to thit b cng tc, cm in: CLIPSAL, AC, SINO, LEGRAND,
ABB, MEGAMEN, GIRA... vi cht lng v gi thnh khc nhau.
41
5-4/ 5. Thit b iu khin, ng ct v s dng in
2) Cu dao, my ct in
Cu dao
+ Cu dao c nhim v ch yu l cch ly phn mang in v phn khng mang in, to ra
khong cch an ton trng thy, phc v cho cng tc sa cha, kim tra, bo dng li in v h
thng in. Ngoi ra cu dao loi nh c s dng ng ct in bng tay khi cn thit.
+ Cu dao thng ch to c cu ch i km theo, c b thc hin c chc nng ng ct v
bo v cho mng in khi s c qu ti v ngn mch xy ra.
+ Cc loi cu dao: Loi 1 pha (2 cc), loi 3 pha (3 cc).
+ Thng s cu dao: in p nh mc: Um = 400V, 600V, dng in nh mc: Im (A).
+ Cc loi cu dao h p s dng ca cc hng trong nc (U<1000V) nh VINAKIP, Tin Thnh ... m
bo tiu chun cht lng yu cu. Cc hng nc ngoi sn xut cu dao h p nh: Siemens, ABB, dng
in t n 800A.
My ct in
+ Khi dng in ng ct yu cu ln th cn s dng my ct in (ACB) va c chc nng
ng ct dng in ph ti khi vn hnh, va c chc nng ct dng in ngn mch bo v
mch in.
+ My ct in c kh nng ng ct c cc dng in ln (1000A) l do n c nhng b phn
dp h quang bng du hoc kh nn nh trnh by mc trn
+ My ct in thng c s dng u ngun in li hoc my pht in loi ln, pha h p 0,4
kV hoc li cao p Trm bin p
3) Thit b Cng tc t
Cng tc t l thit b ng ct mch in t ng vi dng in ln (100A) v c th iu khin
ng ct bng nhng nt n hoc iu khin t xa (ng ct t ng).
Cc ph ti cng sut ln: n hi trng, n ng, my iu ho...hoc c yu cu iu khin cn
phi s dng cc cng tc t ng ct.
Cc Hng ch to cng tc t: Telemecanique, Mitsubishi, ABB ...

42
5-4/ 5. Thit b iu khin, ng ct v s dng in
4) Cc loi n in
Trong mt cng trnh s dng cc loi n chiu sng vi mc ch
khc nhau: Chiu sng thng thng, chiu sng trong nh, chiu
sng ngoi tri, chiu sng an ton: n ch dn, n s c mt
in (n EMERGENCY)
Cc loi n thng s dng trong cc Cng trnh xy dng: C 2 loi
n vi nguyn l khc nhau
+ n si t (nung sng): t nng trc tip, to ra nh sng
vng, vi sng n nh v vi in p li in c th thay i,
tui th theo thi gian s dng, iu chnh c sng.
+ n phng in (n hunh quang, non, n ng): sng
dao ng v i hi in p lm vic phi nh mc. Tui th
ca n ph thuc vo s ln bt tt, h s cos thp (0,4-0,5),
khng iu chnh c sng.
Cn s dng ng chc nng ca n: Loi h s dng trong nh,
loi kn s dng ngoi tri (waterproof). n lp di nc (chuyn
dng).
Cc Hng sn xut n trong nc c chng ch cht lng: Rng ng,
in quang, PARAGON. Cc Hng n nc ngoi c cht lng cao:
PHILIPS, OSRAM, THORN, AC, CLIPSAL, DAVIS, MAZDA....


43
5-4/ 5. Thit b iu khin, ng ct v s dng in
5) h thng Thit b iu ho khng kh
Theo s h thng, phn ra 2 dng h thng thit b iu ho khng kh: iu ho cc b (ring
r tng phng) v iu ho trung tm (VRV, Chiller).
Cng sut in mt s my iu ho cc b thng dng:
+ Loi 9000- 12000 BTU/h # 800 - 1000 W
+ Loi 18000- 24000 BTU/h # 1,5 - 2,0 kW
+ Loi 36000 BTU/h (3 pha) # 3,0 - 3,2 kW
H thng iu ho trung tm c cng sut ln (hng 100-1000kW)
Mt s Hng sn xut My iu ho: Trane, Carrier, Daikin, Hitachi, National, General....
6) Thit b un nc nng (bng in) - WH
C 2 loi thit b nc nng (BNN): Loi un gin tip (c bnh cha nc), loi un trc tip (phn t
t nng trc tip) vi in nng s dng 1 pha.
Cng sut ca cc BNN gin tip loi 15L - 1,5kW ; 30, 50L - 2,5kW. Cc loi thit b un trc tip c
cng sut ln hn (3- 12)kW.
Cc Khch sn cao cp cn c dng cp nc nng t mt thit b un nc nng chung cho ton Cng
trnh (BOILER - cng sut ln), cc ng ng dn nc nng c bo n (cch nhit) theo ng k
thut.
Khi cp in cho cc bnh nc nng cn quan tm n cng sut v c bit l khu an ton
in khi in b r ra v bnh. V vy bt buc phi c dy ni t ni vo v bnh, khi sy ra
r in, thit b bo v (Aptmt) s ct in an ton. Trong nhiu trng hp BNN cn c b tr
Aptmt chng r tuyt i an ton in cho ngi s dng nc nng.
Bnh nc nng thng s dng ti Vit Nam c ch to bi cc Hng: ARISTON, Perling, Picenza,
National....t tiu chun chu u
7) Nghim thu thit b iu khin, ng ct v s dng in
Nghim thu v nh gi cht lng cc loi vt liu ny thng qua:
- So snh ng chng loi vi bng mu vt liu (hoc catalogue) c duyt.
- Hng sn xut, ti liu thng s k thut, chng ch k thut ca quc t hoc Vit Nam ca cc
vt liu trn.
44
5-4. nghim thu Cc loi Vt liu v Thit b in in hnh trong h
thng in
5-4/ 6. T in phn phi, T in iu khin
Theo thit k trong t in lp cc thit b ng ct, bo v, iu khin, o m in,
tn hiu in phn phi in v iu khin thit b in.
Cc thit b lp t trong t in phn phi l: Aptmt, My ct, cu dao, cu ch... Trong
cc t in iu khin (iu khin thang my, bm nc, iu ho...) c lp t cc thit b:
Rle, Cng tc t hoc cc thit b chuyn mch khng tip im: PLC, LOGO...
Cc t in c th lm bng kim loi hoc nha cch in, song cc t in ln u bng kim
loi c kch thc theo thit k. V tr lp t theo ng tiu chun, quy phm.
Cc loi t in: T lp ni hoc chm tng, t kiu kn (chng nc).
Hng ch to t in: Trong nc: Alphanam, Vit ..., Nc ngoi: Siemens, Sarel - France, ABB...
Cn ch t in v cc thit b lp t bn trong cn c chng ch kim nh k thut,
phiu xut xng, kim tra an ton in.
Theo Tiu chun, Quy phm khi lp t v t in kim loi phi ni t an ton in.
5-4/ 7. Cc loi Thit b in khc
Trong H thng in cng trnh, cn c cc thit b in khc, vi chc nng khc nhau:
My pht in: L thit b ngun in d phng khi s c mt in, c cng sut tng ng vi
ngun in d phng yu cu. C nhiu hng ch to my pht in ang c s dng ti Vit
Nam: ONANCUMMIN (M); SDMO (Php); LITTER (Italy); HUNDAI (Hn Quc); DENYO;
HONDA (Nht)....
My bm nc sinh hot v cha chy: My bm nc ca cc Hng thng c s dng l: LG ;
PERULLO ; NATIONAL ; PENTAX ;GRANFOS...vi nhiu chng loi bm khc nhau: Bm ni,
bm chm, bm nc sch, bm nc thi, bm nc thi c ho cht...
Thang my: Cc Hng thang my thng c s dng ti Vit Nam l: LG ; NIPPON ;
MITSUBISHI ; TOSHIBA ; SCHINDLER; OTIS.....
Thit b Tng i in thoi, TV, trung tm bo chy t ng, thit b gim st v cnh bo:
CCTV; PA ... Cc thit b ny c cng sut khng ln (1kW), nhng l cc ph ti c u tin cp
in (2 ngun in).
45
5-5. Cc phng php Lp t in trong cc Cng trnh xy
dng
5.5/ 1. Lp t ng dy dn in
ng dy cung cp in bao gm dy in v dy cp in c th lp
t theo 2 phng php: Lp t ni trn tng, trn nh (lp ni) v lp
ngm tng, trn nh, sn, nn nh (lp ngm)
Phng php lp ni: i vi cc dy dn in th khi lp ni dy dn c
lun trong ng PVC trn hoc vung lp c nh vo tng, trn nh. i vi
dy cp c th lp trc tip ln tng, trn nh bng cc cli (ai) thp). Ph-
ng php lp t ny d thi cng, vn hnh v sa cha, song m thut
khng m bo thng lp xng sn xut v cc khu ph.
Phng php lp ngm: i vi dy dn v cp PVC th n c lun trong ng
PVC, sau t ngm tng, trn, sn nh (hoc trn k thut). i vi cp
ngm chuyn dng th c th chn trc tip xung t theo cc rnh cp k
thut. Trong cc tunen (hp) k thut dy dn c c nh vi mng cp, thang
cp, vn c coi l phng php lp ngm. Phng php lp t ny m bo
yu cu v mt m thut (khng nhn thy dy) song cn phi lp t
ng k thut. ng ng lun dy t ngm trc, lun dy sau (c th thay
th c dy).
Lp t ng chng loi, tit din dy, s lng dy theo ng nh bn thit
k thi cng ra.
ng dy in ni gia cc thit b in phi lin tc, khng cho php ni
gia ng i (trong ng), trng hp bt buc phi dng hp ni (m bo k
thut, m thut), thc hin ni dy theo ng quy phm (lin quan n tip
xc v in v chy n).
i vi dy dn c tit din ln hn 6,0 mm2 khi ni (vi thit b, chi tit ...
khc) theo quy phm lp t ng dy, cn phi c u cos ni dy km
theo mi m bo yu cu k thut.
46
5-5. Cc phng php Lp t in trong cc Cng trnh xy
dng
5.5/ 2. Lp t T iu khin, phn phi in
Phng php lp t: Lp chm, lp ni. Cc t in tng,
t tng cn phi t trong phng k thut thun li v an
ton cho vic qun l & vn hnh.
V tr lp t: Ni t ngi qua li, c khng gian thun tin
thao tc s cha, vn hnh. cao t T in theo quy
phm thng (1,2-1,4)m.
T in cn c lp t cn bng, thng ng. m bo
n hn v ng k thut (cho thit b bo v & o lng
gn trong t). Cc t in nn c kho hoc cht ca, cnh
ca c bo hiu theo quy phm (n hiu, hnh v)
T in t ngoi tri cn dng t kiu kn, chng nc
(waterproof), t trn cao hoc ti v tr t ngi i qua li,
tip xc vi t in.
T in v kim loi cn phi c ni t an ton in. (th
hin trong h s thit k thi cng)

47
5-5. Cc phng php Lp t in trong cc Cng trnh xy
dng
5-5/ 3. Lp t Cng tc, cm, n in
Phng php lp: Lp chm; lp ni m bo cn i, phng tng.
V tr lp t tun theo quy phm Trang b in. Cng tc: cao (+1,2-
1,4m), cm: cao (+0,3-0,5m), tip xc dy dn vi thit b m bo.
cm 3 cc phi ni c dy tip t (xanh-vng)
Ch khi lp Cng tc n: Cng tc phi bt tt dy pha (dy la, dy
nng) m khng bt tt dy trung tnh (trung ho) m bo an ton
in. V tr nm bt tt yu cu: Bt ln n sng, (mu trn nm bt xut
hin), bt xung n tt, mu trn nm khng cn.
Vic lp t n cn ch : Lp chm, lp ni trn ng chng loi n.
Cc n ngoi tri phi l n kiu kn, chng nc. Cc n trong khu WC,
bung tm cn s dng n kiu kn, chng hi nc. Cc n t di nc phi
l cc n kiu kn, chng nc, chuyn dng (in p thp-12V), m bo an
ton in. Cc n chiu sng trong mi trng c ho cht , d chy (Cy xng,
kho cha gas) cn s dng loi n kiu kn theo tiu chun PCCC. Cc n
chiu sng s c (Emergency), n ch dn (EXIT) c phng php nghim thu
ring.
Nghim thu lp t cng tc, cm, n in: ng chng loi vt liu
c duyt, ng v tr, chc nng ca thit b, lp cn i, m bo m
quan. i vi cng tc, cn ch kim tra phi lp cng tc bt tt vo dy
pha (dy nng) mi ng quy phm an ton in, cm 3 cc phi c 1 cc
ni t ni vi dy 2 mu xanh vng (theo Quy phm).

48
5-5. Cc phng php Lp t in trong cc Cng trnh xy
dng
5-5/ 4. Lp t cc Thit b, b phn An ton in
B phn an ton in trong h thng in cng trnh bao gm: Cc
ni t v cc dy ni t n cc ph kin lp t bng kim loi, v
t in, cm v v cc thit b in.
Cc ni t: Cc thp hoc cc ng hn (kp chuyn dng) lin tc
vi nhau. Cc ni t phi c lp t bng cch ng xung t lin
th ca cng trnh,
Dy dn ni t t cc ni t ln t tng l dy thp hoc ng
trn nhiu si (M95) m bo in tr tip t l nh nht Cc
dy ni t i cng ng dy cp in l loi dy c v bc 2 mu
xanh vng (theo Quy phm).
Tt c cc b phn kim loi trong h thng cp in cn c ni t.
T in, mng cp, thang cp, v n bng kim loi, v bnh nc nng,
my iu ho...
in tr ni t an ton in, theo Quy phm yu cu nh hn hoc
bng 04 OHM. Nu khng t c cn ng b sung thm cc vi
di ln hn (thit k b sung).
Nghim thu lp t h thng ni t an ton in:
- Lp t ng quy trnh, quy phm, theo ng thit k thi cng.
- in tr ni t an ton in tho mn quy phm (<=04 OHM theo
TCVN 4756:1998 Quy phm ni t v ni khng cc thit b in),
do c quan kim nh o kim tra ti hin trng v c bo co kt qu
bng vn bn ring.
49
6. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t h
thng in nh
Cc h thng in nh in hnh trong cc cng
trnh xy dng hin nay l: in thoi (Telephone,
Intercom), Anten truyn hnh (IP - MATV, CATV), h
thng truyn d liu (DATA) mng my tnh v ng
truyn Internet, h thng thng tin cng cng (PA), h
thng Camera gim st (CCTV), h thng bo chy (FA),
bo ng, h thng qun l to nh (BMS)
c trng chung ca cc h thng v s khi bao
gm: Mng h thng ng dy truyn tn hiu (thng
lp ngm) t t trung tm iu khin n tng im
s dng dch v ca h thng (cn h, vn phng, my
tnh) trong ton cng trnh.
Mt vi s h thng in nh in hnh khi gim
st cng trnh: H thng mng in thoi to nh, h
thng mng my tnh trong cng trnh (to nh) mng
LAN
50
6. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t h
thng in nh
51
6. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t h
thng in nh
52
6. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t h
thng in nh
Oc im ca h thng in nh
- Mng ng dy truyn tn hiu nh (in nh) khng gy chy n
v nguy him cho ngi.
- Tn hiu ng truyn nh nn i hi tn hiu phi c bo ton:
ng dy m bo cch in vi t (tng, sn nh) v gia chng vi
nhau. Nu khng h thng s lm vic b li hoc khng lm vic
(mt tn hiu).
OPhng php lp t h thng in nh
- ng dy in nh c lp t ng thi vi phn ng dy
in, ng ng nc...
- Lp t ng dy in nh m bo k thut: t ng trc, lun
dy sau. ng cht lng cao, m bo kn, khng gy chm t ng
dy. cn kim tra thng mch v in tr cch in vi t v gia cc
ng dy vi nhau bng ng h o cch in (insulation tester
MEGAOHMMETER)
- Theo tiu chun, quy phm v lp t h thng in trong nh, h
thng ng dy in nh cn phi c lp t theo l ring bit, c
lp vi ng dy in (hnh lang k thut, mng, ng, khay, thang ...
ring).
53
6. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t h
thng in nh
O Qu trnh nghim thu h thng in nh
- Phn vt t, thit b nghim thu theo phng php
chung v nghim thu phn vt liu, thit b ( trnh by
trn).
- H thng mng ng dy truyn tn hiu, d liu -
c lp t ng thi vi giai on lp t ng dy nng
lng in (phn ngm: Lp t ng trc, lun dy sau).
- Phn lp t cc loi thit b, cm (in thoi,
anten TV, d liu my tnh, internet...), cc t trung tm
iu khin (thit b - phn ni) c thc hin trong giai
on hon thin ton b cng trnh.
- Vn hnh, hiu chnh, a ton h thng vo hot
ng.
- Hng dn, chuyn giao h thng cho n v s dng.

54
7. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t h
thng chng st
7-1. Tc hi ca st
Ph hu cc cng trnh xy dng bng btng, gch (do hiu ng nhit rt cao
ca dng in st).
Gy ra s h hi h thng in, thng tin.. bn ngoi nh (ph hoi ng dy
cao th v trm bin p, trm vin thng).
Gy t lit, ph hng h thng C in trong cng trnh
Gy ra cc v chy khi cng trnh xy dng bng vt liu d chy.
Gy ra chy n cc cng trnh nh my, kho cha cc vt liu d chy v t
gy n.
Gy nguy him n tnh mng con ngi.
7-2. Phng chng st
Chng st nh trc tip vo cng trnh (nh thng).
Chng st lan truyn theo cc ng dy h thng c in vo bn trong
cng trnh (lan truyn).
7-3. Tiu chun Xy dng vit nam v Chng st
TCXD 46 : 1984 Chng st cho cc Cng trnh xy dng. Tiu chun Thit
k - Thi cng.
TCXDVN 46 : 2007 Chng st cho Cng trnh xy dng. Hng dn thit k,
kim tra v bo tr h thng.

55
7-4. Cc Phng php
Chng st ang c s
dng ti Vit Nam
O H thng chng
st truyn thng
(FRANKLIN).
Kim chng st
Cc ni
t
1. Phng php chng
st nh trc tip
(nh thng).

56
7-4. Cc Phng php
Chng st ang c
s dng ti Vit Nam
O H thng chng
st Tia tin o
(ESE- Phng in
sm).
1. Phng php chng st
nh trc tip (nh
thng).
57
7-4. Cc Phng php Chng st ang c s dng ti Vit Nam
O c im h thng chng st truyn thng (FRANKLIN).
- Kim chng st bng kim loi thng thng, nguyn l chng st th
ng (cc kim chng st ch i st t cc m my ln cn phng
xung), do tin cy khng cao.
- Cn nhiu kim chng st trn nh cng trnh, nh hng n thm
m chung.
- Vng bo v st khng ln, ch thc s c hiu qu cho cc cng
trnh c chiu cao (15- 20)m.
- in tr tip t thay i theo thi gian (i vi cc bng thp).
- Vt liu lp t thng dng, thi cng lp t n gin (hn st,
ng).
- Cn phi thc hin ch bo dng v kim tra nh k h thng
chng st.
O c im h thng chng st tia tin o (ESE).
- Thng ch cn 1 kim chng st tia tin o cho mi cng trnh, bn
thn nhng u thu ny s pht ra nhng di phng in sm gi l
ESE (Early Streamer Emision). y l thit b sng ch c quyn
ca mi Hng khc nhau.
- Phng php chng st theo nguyn l phng in sm (Tch cc, ch
ng), lm trung ho cc m my khu vc (trit tiu st). Vng bo v
st rng, tin cy cao.

58
7-4. Cc Phng php Chng st ang c s dng ti Vit Nam
O c im h thng chng st tia tin o (ESE).
- Phng php chng st ny c nghin cu v th nghim v c,
Indonesia, M... v c Vit nam thng qua, cho php s dng.
- H thng dy dn st v cc cc ni t tng t h thng chng
st truyn thng, tuy nhin cc ni t thng dng cc ng (thp bc
ng), dy dn st xung b phn tip t bng dy dn chuyn
dng, hoc bng dy ng c tit din > 60mm2, lin kt bng hn
hoc cc kp chuyn dng. in tr tip t n nh, c th khng
cn bo dng, kim tra nh k h thng.
- in tr ni t yu cu vn tun theo tiu chun chng st ca
Vit Nam v cc nc khu vc (<= 10 OHM)
O Mt s loi h thng chng st tia tin dng v ang s dng
ti Vit Nam
- Qu cu thu n st t trong khng trung kiu Dyna
(STORMASTER).hoc kiu hnh tr Interceptor ca c.
- Thit b chng st tia tin o PULSAR (bng sng ch ca hlita -
cnrs - Php).
- Thit b chng st tia tin o ca n GUARDIAN cng c cht
lng tng ng.


59
+ Nhng ch khi gim st v nghim thu h thng chng
st
Cc ni t cn c ng xung t lin th, lin tc (khng phi
t mn hoc sau ny lp vo) ng u v thnh phn (t tht
l tt nht) dy tip t c chn su di t c tit din cng ln
cng tt (dy ch nht tip t tt hn). Nu ti cc vng t c in
tr sut cao th c th phi cho thm ho cht vo khu vc t c
chn cc ni t (t i c si, ong).
in tr sut ca t cng nh, h thng ni t cng nhiu cc th
tn (thot) dng in st cng nhanh v bo v chng st cng an
ton.
Lin kt cc b phn ca h thng chng st v nhau bng cch hn
st (hn ng) lin tc hoc cc kp chuyn dng cn phi m bo
yu cu k thut.
Phn ni trn mt t ca h thng chng st, kim chng st cn
sn chng g v kim tra, bo dng nh k hng nm, phn tip
t khng c sn m bo tip t tt nht.
o kim tra in tr ni t bng Thit b o chuyn dng ni t
chng st (Earth Resistance Tester), tho mn tiu chun chng st
TCXDVN 46 : 2007 (<=10 OHM. Nu khng tho mn, cn phi tng c-
ng b sung thm cc ni t hoc dng ho cht lm gim in tr
sut ca t ti v tr ng cc tip a.
C Bo co kt qu o in tr ni t t yu cu bng vn bn ca
n v c chc nng o kim tra in tr ni t.
60
10. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t thit b
Phng Chng chy n
10-1. Tiu chun, Quy phm hin hnh v Phng Chng chy n
O TCVN 3254 : 1989 An ton chy Yu cu chung.
O TCVN 2622: 1995 Phng chy chng chy cho nh v cng trnh Yu cu
thit k.
O TCVN 6161 : 1996 Phng chy chng chy ch v trung tm thng mi Yu
cu thit k.
O TCVN 6160 : 1996 Phng chy cha chy nh cao tng Yu cu thit k.
O TCVN 5040 : 1990 Thit b phng chy v cha chy K hiu hnh v trn
s phng chy Yu cu k thut.
O TCVN 5760 : 1993 H thng cha chy Yu cu chung v thit k, lp
t v s dng.
O TCVN 6379 : 1998 Yu cu k thut chung ca thit b cha chy.
O TCVN 5738 : 1993 H thng bo chy Yu cu k thut.
O TCXD 218 : 1998 H thng pht hin chy v bo ng chy Quy nh
chung.
O Cc Tiu chun c lin quan:
- Tiu chun cp nc trong, ngoi nh v cng trnh.
- Tiu chun iu ho, thng gi.
- Tiu chun chng st ...

61
10. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t thit b
Phng Chng chy n
10-2. H thng Bo chy t ng (fire alarm system)
O H thng bo chy oc trang b cho cc cng trnh c quy m
ln, cht lng cao: To nh cao tng, trung tm thng mi - vn
phng hoc nh trung, cao cp...
O H thng bo chy cng thuc phn h thng in nh, bao gm:
- Trung tm iu khin, hin th bo chy.
- ng dy truyn tn hiu iu khin bo chy.
- u bo chy cc loi.
- Chung bo chy, nt n bo chy bng tay.
- Cc n ch th bo chy.
OPhng php lp t h thng ny tng t cc h thng in nh
nu phn trn, trong h thng ng dy truyn tn hiu
cn c lp t vo giai on ng thi vi phn lp t ng
dy nng lng in v in nh. Cc thit b trung tm bo chy,
u bo chy ..... c lp t sau, vo giai on hon thin cng
trnh.
62
10. Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t thit b
Phng Chng chy n
63
10-2. H thng Bo chy t ng (fire alarm
system)
O Quy trnh nghim thu H thng bo chy
- Thnh phn tham gia: Nh thu lp t hng mc PCCC;
n v TVGS; n v qun l PCCC.
- Phng php nghim thu: Trc quan kim tra, th nghim s
hot ng ca ton h thng bo chy.
tin hnh nghim thu H thng bo chy
Th nghim mt s u bo khi: Dng ng thi khi t to vi
nng cao vo u bo khi gn trn trn nh, nu u bo
tn hiu v trung tm bo chy (hin th), ng thi chung,
n ch th bo chy hot ng l t yu cu.
Th nghim u bo nhit gia tng (u bo gas): Dng la
(hoc gas) a n gn u bo, nu u bo tn hiu v
trung tm bo chy (hin th), ng thi chung, n ch th
bo chy hot ng l t yu cu.
Th, kim tra bo chy trc tip: n nt bo chy, tc ng n
h thng hot ng nh trn l t yu cu.
64

10-3. H thng Cha chy bng nc

1) H thng Cha chy bng hp cha chy vch tng
(FIRE HOSE REEL)
O y l h thng cha chy bng nc n gin nht, cn
phi trang b ti tt c cc cng trnh xy dng (theo tiu
chun PCCC).
O H thng bao gm:
- Cc my bm cha chy cp nc CC theo cc ng
ng nc cha chy n cc hp cha chy vch tng vi p
lc ln theo yu cu.
- Hp cha chy vch tng: Hp cha rul vi mm c
gn van nc (D50-65) c lp trn vch tng nh (cng
trnh) thc hin cha chy bng tay.
- My bm nc cha chy theo tiu chun PCCC phi
bao gm (1-2) my bm in c cng sut ln theo
yu cu, ngoi ra cn phi c 1 my bm xng (du)
m bo vn cha chy c khi mt in.
65
1) H thng Cha chy bng hp cha chy vch tng
(FIRE HOSE REEL)
O Lp t:
- Phn lp t ng ng nc CC tng t lp t h
thng nc sinh hot nhng c yu cu k thut cao hn v
p lc ng ng (khi lm vic: 8 at/cm2 khi th 12 At/cm2).
- ng ng nc CC c sn theo quy nh.
- Thi gian, giai on lp t tng t nh lp t h
thng nc sinh hot
Nghim thu h thng
- Nghim thu ng ng nc CC tng t ng ng nc
sinh hot.
- Chy th h thng bm nc, bm in, bm xng hot
ng tt.
- Kim tra vi mm hp cha chy vch tng: t
nghing gc 45 , phun xa c >= 8m th t yu cu.

66

10-3. H thng Cha chy bng nc
2) H thng Cha chy t ng bng vi SPRINKLER
4 y l h thng cha chy t ng bng nc, c trang b ti cc cng trnh yu cu c
an ton PCCC cao, quy m ln.
4 H thng bao gm:
- Cc my bm cha chy cng sut ln cp nc CC theo mng cc ng ng nc cha
chy n cc u cha chy SPRINKLER lp trn trn nh (3-4m/ 1 u SPRINKLER).
- Cc u vi SPRINKLER khi c nhit tng cao s t ng tho cht v ra phun nc
cha chy xung sn nh, ng thi tc ng ca cng tc dng chy s bo ng cha
chy (bo chy).
4 Lp t:
- Phn lp t ng ng nc CC tng t lp t h thng nc sinh hot nh-
ng c yu cu k thut cao hn v p lc ng ng (khi lm vic: 8 at/cm2 khi
th 12 At/cm2)
- Thi gian, giai on lp t tng t nh lp t h thng nc sinh hot
Nghim thu h thng
- Nghim thu u SPRINKLER c chng ch Quc t, ng ng nc CC
nghim thu tng t nh trn.
- Chy th h thng bm nc, bm in, bm xng hot ng tt.
- Kim nghim u SPRINKLER bng trc quan: To nhit khng kh ln
ti u SPRINKLER, u tho cht v phun nc cha chy l t yu cu.
67

10-4. Cc phng tin phc v cng tc PCCC

1. Bnh Cha chy bng tay chuyn dng
O Bnh cha chy bng tay c trang b km theo cc h thng cha chy khc
trong cng trnh, c kh nng dp chy cc b nhanh bng ho cht chng
chy.
O Lp t ti nhng ni d thy v thun tin tip cn s dng nhanh
chng tin hnh Cha chy: t trong hp gn tng hoc t, treo ni
ngoi tng.
O Cc loi Bnh cha chy vi dung tch khc nhau: Bnh bt ABC, Bnh kh
CO2, Bnh bt cha chy
2. Bng tiu lnh PCCC, phng tin, dng c h tr cha chy bng tay
O Tiu lnh PCCC l bng hng dn thc hin ni quy, quy nh v PCCC, cc
bc cn tin hnh khi pht hin c chy xy ra.
O Tiu lnh PCCC thng c treo trn tng ti v tr c cc phng tin cha chy
c lp t hoc ni thng c ngi s dng cng trnh qua li.
O n v qun l, s dng cng trnh phi trang b y cc phng tin,
dng c h tr cho ngi thc hin cha chy d dng v nhanh chng (Thang,
dy thng chng chy, qun o, ng, gng tay chng chy.....)
O Cn phi hng dn, tp hun cng tc PCCC cho n v qun l, s dng
cng trnh ngay sau khi a cng trnh vo s dng.

68

10-5. quy trnh chung Nghim thu H thng
phng chng chy n

O Thnh phn tham gia nghim thu
n v Ch u t; n v gim st; Nh thu xy lp;
n v qun l PCCC; n v qun l, s dng cng trnh.
O Ni dung tin hnh kim tra
Cc H thng, trang thit b, phng tin PCCC thi cng
theo thit k c duyt.
Th kim nghim v s hot ng c hiu qu ca cc h
thng PCCC khi to ra cc s c chy gi ti hin trng: H
thng bo chy, h thng cha chy bng tay, h thng
cha chy t ng.
Kim tra v phng n PCCC ca n v s dng cng
trnh.
Sau khi nghim thu ton b cc h thng PCCC, cng
trnh s c C quan qun l PCCC cp giy chng nhn
t yu cu an ton v PCCC v cho php a cng
trnh vo s dng.

Q U E S T I O N S
A N S W E R S
TRAO I gii p
70

Thanks for your attention!