Flotation

M. Iqbal Kusumah
1206292042
Contents
Basic principle
Requirement
Process
Application(industial)
Application(ore)

Basic principles
It is a process to separate hydrophobic
materials selectively
It is the single most important operation used
to recover and upgrading ores
Able to improve the recovery of valuable
minerals
Requirements
The ore have to be reduced to fine particles by
crushing and grinding(Liberation)
The particle sizes are less than 0,1 mm
although sizes smaller than 0.07-0.01 mm are
required sometimes
Frothing agent is needed(frothers)

Requirements
Collectors :Xanthates,Dithiophosphates,etc
Collectors will increase separability of the
hydrophobic and hydrophillic particles
Frothers : Pine oil,Alcohols
Modifiers : pH,Cationic,Anionic and Organic
modifiers

Process
The Flotation process are divided into 3 stages
1. Roughing : To remove the maximum amount
of valuable mineral so that we dont need
complete liberation, only sufficient to release
enough gangue to obtain a high recovery
2. Cleaning : To reject more of the undesirable
minerals, the product is known as cleaner
concentrate. Highest concentrate grade is
obtained
Process
3. Scavenging : To recover any of the target
minerals that were not recovered during the
roughing stage
Industrial Application
Mining Industry: used for separating large
range of sulfides, carbonates and oxides prior
to further refinement
Waste Water Treatment : they could remove
oils,grease and suspended solids from waste
water
Paper Recycling : To release and remove the
hydrophobic contaminants from recycled
paper
Targeted ores
Copper
Lead-Zinc-Iron
Nickel
Gold
Silver
Tantalum
Tin
Tungsten
Lithium
Coal
etc