TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 9351:2012
T XY DNG - PHNG PHP TH NGHM HN TRNG - TH NGHM XUYN TU
CHUN (SPT)
Soils - Field testing method - Standard penetration test
Li ni u
TCVN 9351:2012 duoc chuyn di t TCXD 226:1999 theo quy djnh tai khon 1 iu 69 ca
Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v dim a khon 1 iu 7 Nghj djnh s 127/2007/N-CP
ngy 01/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy djnh chi tit thi hnh mt s diu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy
chun k thut.
TCVN 9351:2012 do Vin Khoa hoc Cng ngh Xy dung - B Xy dung bin soan, B Xy
dung d nghj, Tng cuc Tiu chun o lung Cht luong thm djnh, B Khoa hoc v Cng ngh
cng b.
T !" #$NG % &H'(NG &H)& TH* NGHI+, HI+N T-'.NG % TH* NGHI+, U"N TIU
CHUN /0&T1
Soils - Field testing method - Standard penetration test
1 &234 5i 67 89n:
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy djnh phuong php xc djnh sc khng xuyn ca dt tai dy h khoan
khi xuyn ng mu bng cch dng ba theo tiu chun v ly mu ph hu d lm cc th
nghim phn loai.
1.2 Tiu chun ny duoc s dung ch yu d dnh gi cc tham s v cung d v bin dang
ca dt ri, tuy nhin mt s s liu c gi trj c th thu duoc trong cc dang dt khc.
1.3 Tiu chun ny bao gm cc quy djnh v thit bj v phuong php thuc hnh th nghim khi
kho st dja cht cng trnh. Gii thch, dnh gi v s dung kt qu th nghim cho tnh ton
nn mng c th tham kho trong cc phu luc.
2 T;i <i=u 5i=n 8>n
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dung tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin
dn ghi nm cng b th p dung phin bn duoc nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi
nm cng b th p dung phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa di, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 4419:1987, Kho st xy dung - Nguyn tc co bn.
TCVN 9363:2012, Nh cao tng - Cng tc kho st dja k thut.
3 T2u?@ n:A 5; Bn2 n:2CD
Trong tiu chun ny c s dung cc thut ng v djnh ngha sau:
3.1
Th nghim xuyn tiu chun (Standard Penetration Test - SPT)
Mt trong cc phuong php kho st dja cht cng trnh phuc vu xy dung cc cng trnh khc
nhau. Th nghim duoc tin hnh bng cch dng mt mi xuyn c dang hnh ng mu vo
trong dt t dy mt l khoan d duoc thi cng ph hop cho th nghim. Quy cch mi xuyn,
thit bj v nng luong dng d duoc quy djnh. S ba cn thit d dng mi xuyn vo dt cc
khong d su xc djnh duoc ghi lai v chinh l. t cha trong ng mu duoc quan st, m t,
bo qun v th nghim nhu l mu dt xo dng.
3.2
Sc khng xuyn tiu chun (Standard Penetration resistance), Nspt
S ba cn thit d dng mi xuyn vo trong dt nguyn trang 30 cm vi quy cch thit bj v
phuong php th nghim quy djnh nhu iu 5 v iu 6.
E QuF Bn2 G2un:
4.1 Th nghim SPT nn duoc s dung khi kho st dja cht cng trnh trong diu kin dja tng
phc tap, phn b lun phin cc lp dt dnh v dt ri hoc bao gm ch yu cc lp dt ri
vi d cht, thnh phn hat khc nhau.
4.2 Khi luong cu th ca th nghim SPT v tuong quan gia SPT vi cc phuong php kho
st khc trong qu trnh kho st duoc xc djnh theo cc quy djnh trong TCVN 4419:1987 v
TCVN 9363:2012 hoc cc tiu chun lin quan khc.
4.3 Th nghim SPT phi do cc k thut vin thnh thuc nghip vu thuc hin v kt qu th
nghim cng phi do nhng nh chuyn mn c kinh nghim gii thch v dnh gi.
5 T2iH@ IB @2J n:2i=4
5.1 Mt b thit bj th nghim SPT bao gm cc b phn co bn sau:
- Thit bj khoan tao l
- u xuyn (Hnh 1)
- B ba dng (Hnh 2)
5.2 Thit bj khoan dng d tao l khoan th nghim. C th s dung bt c my v phuong php
khoan no min l h khoan dat cc yu cu k thut v dung knh, thnh h khoan n djnh,
dm bo ti da tnh nguyn trang ca dt dui dy h khoan v dat duoc ti d su cn thit d
th nghim.
5.2.1 ung knh h khoan phi trong khong 55 mm dn 163 mm.
5.2.2 Cn khoan thch hop nht cho th nghim l cn c dung knh ngoi 42 mm, trong luong
5,7 kg/m.
5.3 u xuyn l mt ng thp c tng chiu di dn 810 mm, gm ba phn: phn mi, phn
thn, phn du ni v duoc ni vi nhau bng ren (Hnh 1). Quy cch cu th:
- ung knh ngoi: (51,0 1,5) mm
- ung knh trong: (38,0 1,5) mm.
(mm) B (mm) C (mm) D (mm) (mm) (mm) G()
(25 75) (450 750) (35,00 0,15) (38,0 1,5) (2,50 0,25) (51,0 1,5) (16 23)
CH DN
1 Mi xuyn
2 Phn du ni
3 Phn thn
4 Vin bi
Hnh 1 - u xuyn
5.3.1 Phn mi xuyn l phn dui cng ca du xuyn dng d ct khi xuyn vo dt. Cc dc
trung co bn ca mi xuyn nhu sau:
- Chiu di t 25,0 mm dn 75,0 mm
- ung knh trong bng (35,0 0,15)mm
- B dy lui ct bng (2,5 0,25) mm
- Gc vt lui ct t 16,0 dn 23,0.
5.3.2 Phn thn ca du xuyn di t 450 mm dn 750 mm dng d cha dt kh mi xuyn
xuyn vo dt. Phn thn gm hai na bn nguyt p lai thun tin cho thao tc tho lp khi ly
dt cha trong chng ra ngoi. Hai du ca ng phn thn c ren ngoi d lp rp vi phn mi
v phn du ni.
5.3.3 Phn du ni ca du xuyn dng d ni du xuyn vi cn khoan, c chiu di dn 175
mm. Tai dy c co cu bi, l thot hoi d gi chn khng bn trong du xuyn, han ch tut mu
trong qu trnh nng ha mi xuyn v d thot hoi, nuc trong qu trnh xuyn.
5.4 B ba dng dng d tao nng luong dng mi xuyn vo dt, bao gm: qu ba, b gp
ba v cn dn hung (Hnh 2).
5.4.1 Qu ba hnh tru trn xoay, bng thp c l gia chnh tm d c th roi truot tu do theo
thanh dn hung. Ba phi c cu tao ph hop vi b gp nh, sao cho c th d dng duoc
gp, nh roi tu do t d cao cn thit.
Trong luong ba: (63,5 1,0) kg
- cao roi tu do: (76,0 2,5) cm
CH DN:
1 Thanh dn hung
2 B gp
3 Qu ta: (63,5 1,0) kg
4 e
Hnh 2 - B ba dng
5.4.2 B gp l b phn dng d nng, ha ba mt cch tu dng, dng quy djnh, dm bo ba
roi tu do, han ch tiu hao nng luong trong qu trnh roi.
5.4.3 Cn dn hung d djnh hung roi ca ba, gm c de v thanh dn hung. e l mt d
thp tip nhn nng luong roi ba, truyn xung mi xuyn thng qua h cn khoan. Thanh dn
hung c dung knh ph hop vi dung knh l gia ca ba v c cu tao dc bit gip cho
b nh gp nh ba dng lc, dat d cao roi dng quy djnh.
5.4.4 Cc dung cu phu tro khc cng cn thit trong qu trnh th nghim. l hp mu, thuc,
phn, ti nylon, biu ghi, dung cu do muc nuc...
K &2LMn: 7267 @2J n:2i=4
6.1 Th nghim SPT bao gm ln luot cc cng vic sau tai mi vj tr th nghim:
a) Khoan tao l dn d su cn th nghim v ra sach dy h khoan
b) Tin hnh th nghim
c) Quan st v m t.
Cc cng vic trn lai duoc tip tuc cc d su tip theo. Th nghim duoc tin hnh ln luot
1 m dn 3 m d su cho ti d su cn thit tu theo muc dch kho st v tnh phc tap ca dja
tng.
6.2 Khi khoan tao l, cc phuong php khoan sau c th duoc p dung:
- Khoan gung xon
- Khoan xoay vi nuc ra bng nuc hoc dung djch st.
trnh sp thnh h khoan, khi cn cc ng chng vch c th duoc s dung.
L khoan phi dng vj tr, thng dng, dung knh d ln t 55 mm dn 163 mm. Thnh h
khoan phi n djnh v han ch ti mc ti da ph hoai dt dy h khoan.
6.2.1 Khi khoan d su khng ln, trn muc nuc ngm nn s dung khoan gung xon. S
dung ng chng, nu c mt dt yu, dt c kt cu khng cht d trnh sp thnh h khoan.
6.2.2 Khi khoan dui muc nuc ngm nn s dung khoan xoay vi nuc ra bng nuc trong
dt dnh v vi nuc ra bng dung djch st trong dt ri.
6.2.3 Trong qu trnh khoan phi thung xuyn theo di tc d khoan, dc dim dung djch khoan
d nhn bit kjp thi su thay di dja tng v quyt djnh hop l d su th nghim. Muc dung djch
khoan phi lun lun nm trn muc nuc ngm.
6.2.4 Khi khoan gn ti d su th nghim, nn gim tc d khoan, thao tc nng, ha nh nhng
nhm han ch ti da su ph hoai tnh nguyn trang ca dt dui dy h khoan, lm sai lch kt
qu th nghim.
6.2.5 Khi d khoan dn d su th nghim, tin hnh vt dy h khoan, kim tra d su, d n
djnh ca thnh h khoan. Khi cn thit, c th ra v lm sach dy h khoan bng cch tun
hon dung djch khoan.
6.2.6 Khi h khoan d d d su, dy d sach, thnh vch n djnh, tin hnh rt lui khoan ln
v thay th n bng du xuyn.
6.3 Th nghim bt du khi mi xuyn d dat ti dy h khoan, dng d su yu cu m khng
gp bt k cn tr no do sp thnh. Th nghim tin hnh nhu sau:
6.3.1 Lp b ba dng v kim tra kh nng gp nh, d cao roi tu do ca ba. Thanh djnh
hung phi thng dng, n djnh v dng truc vi h cn khoan.
6.3.2 Chon dim chun v do trn cn khoan ba doan lin tip, mi doan di 15 cm, tng cng l
45 cm pha trn dim chun d cn c vo d xc djnh sc khng xuyn.
6.3.3 ng ba. Ch d cao roi ca ba, d thng dng ca thanh dn hung.
6.3.4 m v ghi s ba cn thit d h mi xuyn cn khoan xuyn vo dt mi doan 15 cm d
vach truc trn cn khoan.
6.3.5 Khi s ba dng cn thit cho 15 cm vuot qu nm muoi ba (hoc mt trm ba tu theo
yu cu ca thit k kho st), do v ghi lai d xuyn su, tnh bng centimt (cm) ca mi xuyn
nm muoi ba (hoc mt trm ba).
6.3.6 Trong dt ct hat th ln dm san hoc dm san ln cui si, d trnh hng mi xuyn, nn
dng mi xuyn dc hnh nn cng kch thuc thay th mi xuyn thng thung. Gc dinh mi
xuyn hnh nn l 60.
6.3.7 Trong qu trnh dng, muc nuc hoc dung djch khoan phi nm trn muc nuc ngm
hin c.
6.3.8 Sau khi d do v ghi d s ba tuong ng vi d xuyn su 45 cm ca mi xuyn, tin
hnh ct dt bng cch xoay cn khoan, rt mi xuyn ln mt dt, thay th n bng mi khoan.
Cng tc khoan lai tip tuc cho ti d su mi.
6.4 u xuyn duoc tho ra khi cn khoan, ra sach v tho ri thnh ba phn. Tch di phn
thn ca mi xuyn, quan st, m t dt cha trong d. Lp rp lai mi xuyn sn sng cho th
nghim tai d su mi.
6.4.1 t cha trong phn thn du xuyn duoc quan st, m t, so snh vi dt cha trong
phn mi. M t r mu sc, d m, d cht, thnh phn hat, kin trc, cu tao ca dt, cc dj
vt...
6.4.2 Chon mu dai din, bo qun trong ti nylon khng thm nuc, hoi v kh. Mi mu phi c
nhn ghi r tn cng trnh, s hiu h khoan, d su ly mu, s ba cho ba khong d xuyn,
thi gian th nghim, dc dim thi tit.
6.4.3 Cc ti dung mu duoc xp theo th tu d su cho d quan st, kim tra, d noi thong
mt v vn chuyn ngay v phng th nghim.
6.4.4 t ly duoc trong du xuyn c th duoc dng d th nghim trong phng xc djnh mt s
cc chi tiu vt l vi muc dch nhn bit v phn loai. Cu th l:
- m
- Khi luong th tch hat
- Thnh phn hat
- Cc d m gii han.
6.4.5 Mu dt ly duoc t mi xuyn phi duoc bo qun, ct gi trong phng th nghim t nht
ba thng k t khi nghim thu kt qu th nghim.
Mu ghi chp, quan st, m t (xem Phu luc , B).
N C2On2 <J 5; :iPi @2JG2 QH@ RuP
7.1 Kt qu th nghim SPT thu t hin trung duoc chinh l theo tng h khoan.
7.2 Tai mi d su th nghim, tnh ton sc khng xuyn SPT (Nspt) Nspt l tng s ba 30 cm
xuyn sau cng ca mi xuyn.
7.3 Trn co s cc ti liu m t dt hin trung, gi trj sc khng xuyn SPT, cc ti liu th
nghim trong phng trn mu dt ly duoc, tin hnh phn chia dja tng h khoan, lp h so kt
qa th nghim, v d thj gi trj sc khng xuyn theo d su. Kt qu th nghim tham kho Phu
luc B.
7.4 Kt qu th nghim SPT duoc dng cho cc muc dch sau:
7.4.1 Phn chia dja tng, pht hin cc lp kp, cc thu knh dt hat ri, phn bit cc dt hat
ri vi ch d cht khc nhau theo din v theo d su.
7.4.2 nh gi gi trj ca mt s chi tiu co l nhu:
- cht, gc ma st trong ca dt hat ri
- st, d bn nn c n hng ca dt dnh
- Mdun bin dang ca dt ri
- Sc khng xuyn tnh ca dt.
7.4.3 nh gi mt s chi tiu dng luc ca dt nhu:
- Kh nng bin long ca dt ri
- Tc d truyn sng trong dt.
7.4.4 Du bo sc mang ti ca mt s loai mng:
- Sc mang ti ca mng nng trn dt ri
- Sc mang ti ca coc, ch yu l coc chng, dc bit coc khoan nhi.
&29 <9G A
(Tham kho)
SiTu 4>u :2i G2U7 2i=n @VLn: G2W @2J n:2i=4 0&T
TH* NGHI+, U"N TIU CHUN /0&T1
BU GH CHP HN TRNG
on vj th nghim:
.........................
K thut vin:
........................
Cng trnh:
Vj tr:
Tn h th nghim:
Toa d (Y-X): Cao d:
Ngy khi cng:
Ngy kt thc:
Ngy
gi

su
m
S ba dng trong
khong d xuyn,
Ba
Mu luu dt M t dt Muc
nuc
ngm
m
Ghi ch
15 cm 15 cm 15 cm
15/8 3,0 2 3 3 SP-3-1 St xanh, ut, mm My khoan 1T-2
9h30 6,0 2 2 2 SP-3-2 Bn st, den Gung xon 5,0 m
i tng 4,5 m Xoay, dung djch
9,0 2 2 2 SP-3-3 Bn st, den ung knh 89 mm
12,0 2 2 3 SP-3-4 Bn st Xm den
15,0 5 6 6 SP-3-5 St cng, nu vng 14,3
17h30 18,0 5 6 5 SP-3-6 St cng, nu d
16/8
11h00 21,0 5 7 7 SP-3-7 Ct pha, xm nu
i tng 19,0 m
24,0 6 8 8 SP-3-8 Ct nh, xm xanh
i tng 22,3 m
15h25 27,0 8 8 8 SP-3-9 Ct nh, xm xanh
30,0 8 8 9 SP-3-10 Ct nh, xm xanh
33,0 8 9 9 SP-3-11 Ct nh, xm vng
36,0 9 8 10 SP-3-12 Ct nh, xm vng
39,0 12 14 15 SP-3-13 Ct trung ln san, vng
i tng 38,2 m
42,0 15 15 15 SP-3-14 Ct trung, san nh
45,0 20 24 25 SP-3-15 Si, san, ct th
i tng 43,8 m
19h30 49,5 24 26 30 SP-3-16 Si san, ct th Kt thc tai 50,0 m
&29 <9G S
(Tham kho)
SiTu 4>u @VXn2 I;F QH@ RuP G2W @2J n:2i=4 0&T
YZT QU[ TH* NGHI+, U"N TIU CHUN /0&T1
on vj th nghim:
.........................
K su x l kt qu:
........................
........................
Cng trnh:
Vj tr:
Tn h th nghim:
Toa d (Y-X): Cao d:
Ngy khi cng:
Ngy kt thc:
Hnh B.1- Biu mu trnh by kt qu cho th nghim SPT
&29 <9G C
(tham kho)
Gi6 @VB \]G Q26n: ^uF_n @i_u G2u`n N\7@ GaD 4b@ \c <W3i d@ 5en: H; Nbi
Bng C1- Gi trj sc khng xuyn tiu chun Nspt ca mt s loai dt vng H Ni
Th tu Loai dt Gi trj Nspt (Ba/30 cm)
1 t loai st, sng, tng Thi Bnh T 5 dn 8
2 t loai st, bin, tng Hi Hung T 2 dn 4
3 t loai st, bin, tng Vnh Ph T 10 dn 25
4 t bn st, h ly - bin, tng Hi Hung T 1 dn 3
5 t ct sng, tng Thi Bnh T 15 dn 25
6 t ct, sng - bin, tng Vnh Ph T 18 dn 30
7 t ct th ln san si, tng H Ni Ln hon 40
&29 <9G #
(tham kho)
QuDn 2= :iAD \]G Q26n: ^uF_n @i_u G2u`n N\7@ 5; \]G Q26n: ^uF_n @Cn2 u 4fi RG
Bng D.1- Quan h gia sc khng xuyn tiu chun Nspt v sc khng xuyn tnh du mi qc
Th tu Loai dt Ti s qc/Nspt
1 St 2
2 St pha 3
3 Ct hat mjn 4
4 Ct hat trung, th T 5 dn 6
5 Ct hat trung ln san si Ln hon 8
Hnh D.1 Minh hoa cho ni dung ca Bng D.1.
Hnh D.1 - Quan h qc/Nspt v thnh phn hat
&29 <9G g
(Tham kho)
6n2 :i6 :i6 @VB 4b@ \c G2O @i_u GM <J GaD d@ @2hW QH@ RuP 0&T
.1 i vi dt ri
Cc chi tiu tnh cht sau ca dt ri c th duoc dnh gi theo kt qu th nghim SPT:
- cht tuong di, Dr
- Gc ma st trong,
- Mdun bin dang, .
.1.1 cht tuong di (Dr) v gc ma st trong ()
Bng .1 - Quan h N30 v Dr,
(Theo Teraghi, Peck)
Trang thi Dr () Nspt ()
Xp Nh hon 30 Nh hon 10 T 25,00 dn 30,00
Cht va T 30 dn 60 T 10 dn 30 T 30,00 dn 32,30
Cht T 60 dn 80 T 30 dn 50 T 32,30 dn 40,00
Rt cht Ln hon 80 Ln hon 50 T 40,00 dn 45,00
p luc bn thn hay d su, th nm ca dt cng nh hung ti quan h ny. Hnh .1 chi ra
d thj quan h gia Nspt v Dr c k dn yu t ny. Theo d cc gi trj nu Bng .1 tuong
ng vi p luc bn thn l 0,144 MPa.
Quan h gia gc ma st trong v sc khng xuyn tiu chun, c th nhu sau: (Theo Teraghi,
Peck, Meyertho...)
trong d:
a l h s, ly gi trj trong khong t 15 dn 25, xem Hnh .2
.1.2 Mdun bin dang , tnh bng Megapascan (MPa)
(Theo Tassios, nagnostopoulos)
trong d:
a l h s, duoc ly bng 40 khi Nspt 15 ly bng 0 khi Nspt 15.
c l h s, duoc ly phu thuc vo loai dt:
- c duoc ly bng 3,0 vi dt loai st
- ly bng 3,5 vi dt ct mjn
- ly bng 4,5 vi dt ct trung
- ly bng 7,0 vi dt ct th
- ly bng 10,0 vi dt ct ln san si
- ly bng 12,0 vi dt san si ln ct.
.2 i vi dt dnh
Bng . 2 - Quan h Nspt, d st v d bn nn c n hng (qu)
Nspt st qu, MPa
Nh hon 2 chy Nh hon 0,025
T 2 dn 4 do - chy T 0,025 dn 0,050
T 4 dn 8 do T 0,050 dn 0,100
T 8 dn 10 cng T 0,100 dn 0,200
T 15 dn 30 rt cng T 0,200 dn 0,400
Ln hon 30 rn Ln hon 0,400
Hnh .2 - Quan h Nspt v
&29 <9G i
(Tham kho)
TJn2 @W6n 4n: @2hW QH@ RuP 0&T
.1 Mng nng
Sc mang ti cho php ca mng bng trn dt hat ri c th tnh theo cng thc:
(Theo Tassios, nagnostopoulos).
aNspt/10 (.1)
trong d:
a duoc ly bng mt di vi dt khng bo ha ly bng 2/3 vi dt bo ho.
ln ca mng khi y khng qu 3 cm.
Hnh .1 cho d thj du bo sc mang ti ca mng bng trn dt ri vi cc b rng mng khc
nhau v gii han d ln khng vuot qua 25 mm v 40 mm (Peck, Hanson...).
.2 Mng coc
Cng thc tng qut tnh ton sc mang ti cho php ca mng coc theo kt qu SPT c th ly
theo d nghj ca B Xy dung Nht:
trong d:
Q l sc mang ti cho php ca coc, tnh bng tn (T)
p l tit din coc, tnh bng mt vung (m
2
)
D l dung knh coc, tnh bng mt (m)
Ls l chiu di doan coc nm trong dt ct, tnh bng mt (m)
Lc l chiu di doan coc nm trong dt st, tnh bng mt (m)
Na l gi trj Nspt ca dt dui mi coc, tnh bng ba trn 30 cm (ba/30 cm)
Ns l gi trj Nspt ca dt ct bn thn coc, tnh bng ba trn 30 cm (ba/30 cm)
C l luc dnh ca dt st bn thn coc, tnh bng tn trn mt vung (T/m
2
)
l h s phu thuc vo phuong php thi cng, a duoc ly bng 30 vi coc b tng ct thp,
dng hoc khoan dn, hoc khoan dn c bom va xi mng thnh v dy ly bng 15 vi coc
khoan nhi.
Hnh .1 - Tnh ton mng nng theo Nspt
,jC LjC
Li ni du
1 Pham vi p dung
2 Ti liu vin dn
3 Thut ng v djnh ngha
4 Quy djnh chung
5 Thit bj th nghim
6 Phuong php th nghim
7 Chinh l v gii thch kt qu
Phu luc (Tham kho) Biu mu ghi chp hin trung cho th nghim SPT
Phu luc B (Tham kho) Biu mu trnh by kt qu cho th nghim SPT
Phu luc C (Tham kho) Gi trj sc khng xuyn tiu chun Nspt ca mt s loai dt vng H Ni
Phu luc D (Tham kho) Quan h gia sc khng xuyn tiu chun Nspt v sc khng xuyn tnh
du mi qc
Phu luc (Tham kho) nh gi gi trj mt s chi tiu co l ca dt theo kt qu SPT
Phu luc (Tham kho) Tnh ton mng theo kt qu SPT