BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP-HCM

QUA TRNH QUA O TRONG HE THONG IEN
MON HOC:

Chng IV : n nh tnh

4.1. Cc tiu chun nh gi n nh tnh

4.2. Phng php dao ng b

4.3. nh hng ca AVR (c v khng c cun cm)

4.4. Power System Stabilizer (PSS)

4.5. Kho st n nh h nhiu my

4.6. Hin tng t kch

4.7. M phng bng Matlab



3
4.1. Cc tiu chun nh gi n nh tnh

4.1.1. KHI NIM.
1. H thng in (HT)l g?
2. n nh HT l g?
3. Hu qu ca mt O v yu cu m bo O ca HT.
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH.
1.Tiu chun nng lng (L thuyt n nh c in).
2. Tiu chun Lyapunov (L thuyt n nh hin i).
3. Cc tiu chun thc dng.
4.1.3. KT LUN.
4
4.1.1. KHI NIM
1. H thng in (HT) l g ?



Tp hp cc phn t pht, dn v phn phi.
Tn ti v s cc nhiu tc ng ln h thng.
H thng phi m bo c tnh n nh khi c tc
ng ca nhng nhiu ny.

F T U = const X
Hnh1 : H thng in n gin
5
L kh nng tr li vn hnh bnh
thng hoc n nh sau khi chu tc ng
nhiu.

n nh tnh l kh nng ca h thng
sau nhng tc ng nh phc hi c
ch ban u.

n nh ng l kh nng ca h thng
sau nhng tc ng ln phc hi c
trng thi ban u.
2. n nh h thng in l g?

4.1.1. KHI NIM
6
a) Hu qu ca mt n nh:
Ct hng lot cc t my, ph ti.
Lm tan r h thng v gy thit hi nghim
trng cho nn kinh t.
b) Yu cu m bo n nh ca h thng:
n nh tnh trong mi tnh hung vn hnh bnh
thng v sau s c.
n nh ng trong mi tnh hung thao tc vn
hnh v tc ng s c.
3. Hu qu ca mt O v yu cu m
bo O ca h thng:

4.1.1. KHI NIM
7
1.Tiu chun nng lng (TCNL - L thuyt
n nh c in):
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
a) nh ngha:
Khng xt n yu t qun tnh v ng nng chuyn ng h.
Mt h ch xc lp(CXL)khi c s cn bng gia nng lng
pht (Wf) v tiu th (Wt).
Mi CXL tng thch vi cc thng s xc nh trng thi h khi
qu trnh trao i nng lng s khng thay i.
Nu c nhiu (tc ng) lm cc thng s ny thay i lm cho Wf >
Wt th h s khng n nh.
8
b) Tiu chun nng lng v n nh HT:
Xt HT gm 2 nt nh hnh1:
iu kin OHT vit cho nt ngun:


Vi:
+ AW : Nng lng d v AW = AW
f
AW
t

+ AW
f
, AW
t
: Gia s nng lng pht v tiu tn.
+ At : Gia s thng s.
0 <
A
A
t
W
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
9
b)Tiu chun nng lng v n nh HT
(tt):
Theo TCNL th h s n nh nu:


Vi:+ AP
T
: cng sut c ca Tua-bin.
+ AP(o):cng sut tc dng my pht.
+ o : gc lch.
Coi CS tua-bin khng i (AP
T
=0) , biu
thc (1) c vit li:


0
) (
<
A
A A
o
o P P
T
(1)
0
) (
0
) (
> <
A
A

o
o
o
o
d
dP P
(2)
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
10
b) Tiu chun nng lng v n nh HT(tt):

0 :
2 2
> < <
o
t
o
t
d
dP
a
0 :
2
< < <
o
t o
t
d
dP
b
0 :
2
= =
o
t
o
d
dP
c
Pm
PT
P
P(o)
0
c
a b
t
o
2
t
a
o
b
o
Hnh 2: Min lm vic n nh ca HT()
Kim nh biu thc (2) bng cch lp
lun t hnh2 nh sau:
HT n nh (im a):


HT khng n nh (im b):



HT gii hn n nh (im c):

4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
11
2. Tiu chun Lyapunov(L thuyt n nh hin i):
a) nh ngha:
Tnh n nh ca im cn bng HT theo Lyapunov c gi l n
nh dao ng b.
Da trn khi nim HT chuyn ng c qun tnh(C c hc ca cc
M quay).
b) Phng php Lyapunov v n nh HT:
Da vo PTVP m t qu trnh qu :


Vi: + T
j
:Hng s qun tnh(radian)hay T
j
/e
0
(sec).
+ K
D
: H s cn(c du dng).
+ P
T
: Cng sut c ca tua-bin.
+ P(o): Cng sut tc dng ca my pht.
) (
2
2
o
o o
P P
dt
d
K
dt
d
T
T D j
= +
(1)
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
12
b)Tiu chun Lyapunov v n nh HT(tt):
Khai trin tuyn tnh (1) v ly o hm bc nht:






t :


Phng trnh t trng:



o
o
o o
o
o
o
o o o o
A
c
c
=
A
+
A

A
c
c
+ =
A +
+
A +
P
dt
d
K
dt
d
T
P
P P
dt
d
K
dt
d
Tj
D j
D
2
2
0
0
2
0
2
) (
) ( ) (
(2)
dt
d
P =
0
2
= + + C P K TjP
D
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
13
b)Tiu chun Lyapunov v n nh HT(tt):
Phng trnh c 2 nghim l:






Vi : + : H s tt dn



+ :Tn s dao ng ring

| o j
T
K
T
C
T
K
T
C T K K
P
j
D
j j
D
j
j D D
=
(
(

=

=
2
2
2 , 1
2 2 2
4
j
D
T
K
2

= o
2
o | =
j
T
C
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
14

Li gii ca PT (2) l:



Theo hnh3 cc trng hp c th xy ra:
TH1: Khi C>0 PTT u c phn thc
m v do vy Ao(t) s c dng tt dn
theo thi gian th HT n nh.

TH2 : Khi C<0 PTT lun c 1 nghim
thc dng v do vy Ao(t) s tng dn
theo thi gian v HT mt n nh.
TH3 : Khi C=0 PTT c 1 nghim P
1
=0,
.Lc ny h gii hn n nh.
( ) 0 ) (
2 1
2 1
> + = A
D
t P t P
K e A e A t o
b) Tiu chun Lyapunov v n nh
HT(tt):
.
Pm
P
0
o
C=0
C>0 C<0
Hnh3 : Bin thin Ao(t)
t
Ao
Ao
Ao
Ao
j
D
T
K
P =
2
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
15
c)Cc tiu chun kho st du (Trong PTC roto c tnh n momen
cn):
Tiu chun Hurwitz:
Phng trnh c trng:


Thnh lp ma trn Hurwitz:


t P
m
t P
m
m m
m
e A e A t
a P a P a
+ + = A
= + + +

... ) (
0 ...
1
1
1
1 0
o
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

m m
m
a a
a
a a
a a
a a a
a a a
2
1
2 0
3 1
4 2 0
5 3 1
0 ... 0 0 0
0 0 ... 0 0 0
. . . . . .
0 0 0 ... 0
0 0 0 ... 0
0 0 0 ...
0 0 0 ...
; P
i
l nghim ca PTT
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
16
Tiu chun Hurwitz(tt):
Tnh cc nh thc Hurwitz:









Nhn xt:
H thng s n nh nu tt c cc h s ca PTT v cc
nh thc Hurwitz u dng(lun quy c l a
0
>0).
p dng cho PTT c bc thp.
(
(
(

= A
(

= A
= A
3 1
4 2 0
5 3 1
2 0
3 1
1
0
3
2
1
a a
a a a
a a a
a a
a a
a
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
17
Tiu chun Mikhailov:
a thc c trng(TT)c dng:




Xt biu thc ca TT (K/S dng ng cong D(P) trong
MP phc):



Vi P
i
: l nghim ca D(P)=0

Nhn xt:
Mi nghim ny thch ng vi mt im trn mt phng phc.
H thng n nh khi mi nghim ca PTT u c phn thc m.
p dng cho PTT bc cao.

( )( ) ( )
m
P P P P P P a P D = ... ) (
2 1 0
t P
m
t P
m
m m
m
e A e A t
a P a P a
+ + = A
= + + +

... ) (
0 ...
1
1
1
1 0
o
; P
i
l nghim ca
PTT
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
18
a) Khi nim:
Nghin cu n nh HT theo l thuyt n nh
c in.
Nghin cu n nh HT theo m hnh n gin.
p dng i vi HT c cu trc phc tp.
b) c im:
Phn tch khng hon ton y tnh n nh
(hay khng n nh)ca HT.
m bo c chnh xc cao cc kt qu
phn tch.

3. Cc tiu chun thc dng(TC gn ng):
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
19
c) Cc tiu chun :
Tiu chun Gidanov:
Gi s PTT c dng:



Gi thuyt PT c 2k nghim phc v n-2k nghim thc . Ta bin
i PT v dng:




0 ...
1
1
1 0
= + + + +

n n
n n
a P a P a P a
( )( ) ( )
( )
n
n
n
n
P P P a
P P P P P P a
... 1
0 ...
2 1
2 1 0
=
=
,Vi P=0
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
20
Tiu chun Gidanov(tt):

S dng k hiu cc nghim thc v nghim phc ta c:




a
n
c th vit li nh sau:






nh thc Hurwits cp n-1:








Nhn xt:
pht hin cc trng hp n nh th a
n
v A
n-1
u dng.
Nu du ca a
n
v A
n-1
l m th c th kt lun l khng n nh.

( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
n k k k k k k
n
n
j j j j a a o o o o o o o ... ... 1
2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 + +
+ + =
( ) ( )( ) ( )
n k k k
n
n
a a o o o o o ... ... 1
1 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1 0 +
+ + + =
( )
( )
( )
k i
n
k i
n
n n
n
P P a + [ = A
<

... 1
1
0
2
1
1
1
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
21
p dng vo HT ta c cc tiu chun:
cho cc nt pht
cho cc nt ti
Phng trnh ch xc lp:

o d
dP
dU
dQ
0
0
0
0
2 1 4
2 1 3
2 2
1 1
2
1
= + =
= =
= =
= =
t
t t t
T
T
P P P f
Q Q Q f
P P f
P P f
Tiu chun Markovits:
Trong :
+ P
T1
=
1
(e);P
T2
(e)l CS c ca
MF.
+ P
t
=
3
(e,U);Q
t
=
4
(U,e)l CS
tc dng v phn khng ca ph
ti.
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
22
Tiu chun Markovits(tt):
Trong (tt):





( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2 4 2
1
1
1
1
2
1 3 1
2
2
2
2 2 2
1
1
1
1 1 1
cos ,
cos ,
sin ,
sin ,
o o
o o
o o
o o
X
U E
X
U
U Q
X
U E
X
U
U Q
X
U E
U P
X
U E
U P
t
t
+ = = +
+ = = +
= = +
= = +
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
23
Tiu chun Markovits(tt):
nh thc Jacobi ca phng trnh xc lp:
























Nhn xt:
H thng n nh nu A
n
>0 (D>0).
n
A
f
U
f f f
f
U
f f f
f
U
f f f
f
U
f f f
D =
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
e o o
e o o
e o o
oe o o
4 4
2
4
1
4
3 3
2
3
1
3
2 2
2
2
1
2
1 1
2
1
1
1
4.1.2. CC TIU CHUN NH GI N NH TNH
24
1. V tiu chun nng lng:
Khng xt n yu t qun tnh(QT).
nh gi O bng cch da trn cc t tnh CS Gc.
Khng c c s cht ch v PP p dng i vi HT phc
tp.
p dng i vi HT n gin.
2. V tiu chun Lyapunov:
Da trn KN chuyn ng c QT(C c hc ca cc M quay).
nh gi OHT bng cch phn tch li gii PTVP.
Kt qu khng nh c chc chn HTO.
p dng cho c HT n gin ln phc tp.
2.V tiu chun thc dng:
Trong thit k v vn hnh thng quan tm in cc TCTD(nh
gi nhanh c mc O ca cc HT ).
Phn tch khng hon ton y tnh O(hay khng O)ca
HT.
m bo c chnh xc kh cao cc kt qu phn tch.
p dng i vi HT c cu trc phc tp.
4.1.3.KT LUN
25
NI DUNG
4.2.1. Gii thiu
4.2.2. Phng Php Dao ng B
4.2.3. Kt Lun

4.2. Phng Php Dao ng B
26
4.2.1. GII THIU
Trong HT thng xuyn xy ra QTQ, do:
S thay i cng sut ph ti
S c ngn mch
ng ct cc phn t trn li (MBA, MC)
Tng gim Ti t ngt
Cc thng s ca h thng thay i
Hu qu
Phi ct cc MF do lm vic trng thi khng ng b
mt cng sut cp cho h thng, v c th lm tan r h thng.
Tn s h thng thay i h tiu th.
Sp in p ti cc nt do in p gim thp.
Bo v rle tc ng nhm ct thm nhiu phn t
ang lm vic.
27
HT phi c kh nng tr li lm vic bnh thng khi tri qua cc kch
ng nh.
C th lm vic (vn hnh, thao tc..) khi cc thng s ch bin ng
thng xuyn, hoc c tnh duy tr.
Phi nhanh chng chuyn qua trng thi xc lp mi khi xy ra cc kch
ng ln. Tc l kh nng chu c cc dao ng ln (s c).
Yu cu t ra:
Gii quyt bi ton lm th no
h n nh khi tip nhn cc kch ng nh hoc
ln.
Phng php dao ng b c th thch
hp gii quyt vn ny.
4.2.1. GII THIU
28
4.2.2.PHNG PHP
DAO NG B
Phng php dao ng b cho h thng in
n gin
T
J
: Hng s qun tnh [rad] ; K
D
: H s cn
2
2
( ) (1)
J D T
d d
T K P P
dt dt
o o
o + =
Nu Ao c nh th HT s n nh
0
t t o e e A =
Dng trong nghin cu n nh tnh
e
0

e
o trc quay ng b
trc quay tng i ca roto
Cc thng s o & E thay i theo qui lut chuyn ng c qun tnh ca
MF trong QTQ xt PT chuyn ng ca rto MF.
Tuyn tnh ha PT (1) v khai trin Taylor hm phi tuyn P(o) ta c:
29
4.2.2 PHNG PHP
DAO NG B
PT c trng ca (2)
2
0
J D
T p K p c + + =
Vi:
V:
/ P c o c c =
/ d dt p =
Ch ly thnh phn bc 1 ri thay vo (1) s c:
2
0
0 0
2
( )
( ) [ ( ) ]
J D T
d d P
T K P P
dt dt
o o
o o o o
o
+ A c
+ + A = + A
c
2
2
0
2
1
( ) ( ) ...
2
P P
P P o o o o
o o
c c
= + A + A
c c
V
2 2
0
0 2 2
( )
; ( )
d d d d
dt dt dt dt
o o o
o o o
+ A A
= + A = A
Nn
2
2
(2)
J D
d d P
T K
dt dt
o
o o
o
A c
+ A = A
c
V P
T
P
(o0)
= 0
30
PHNG PHP DAO
NG B
kho st n nh ca h thng theo li gii
1 2
1 2
( )
p t p t
t Ae A e o A = +
2
2
D
J
J
K
T
c
T
o
| o
=
=
K hiu H s tt dn
Tn s dao ng ring
Xt cc trng hp sau
C 2 nghim:
2
1,2
4
2 2 2
D D J
D D
J J J J
K K T c
K c K
p j
T T T T
o |
(
| |

= =
( |
\ .

31
PHNG PHP DAO
NG B
p
1,
p
2
c 1 nghim m
1 2
1 2 1 2
( ) ( , 0)
k t k t
t Ae A e k k o

A = + >
Khi c < 0
QTQ tng trng v hn nn h mt n nh.
Nu
2
/
J
c T o >
{p1, p2} l phc c R {p1, p2} < 0
QTQ tt dn vi h s o & tn s dao ng l |
( ) sin( )
t
t Ae t
o
o |

A = +
Khi c > 0
R {p
1,
p
2
} < 0 nn h thng n nh
32
PTT c 1 nghim p
1
= 0, p
2
= - K
D
/T
J

PHNG PHP DAO
NG B
Nu c 1 kch ng nh lm o >o
m
th o s tng mi. Ngc li nu
o <o
m
th lc u o tr v o
m
nhng do qun tnh, n s vt qu o
m

h mt n nh..
Khi c = 0
Nn o
m
= 90
0

/ 0 os
m
P c P c o o c c = = =
.
Pm
P
0
o
C=0
C>0 C<0
Hnh3 : Bin thin Ao(t)
t
Ao
Ao
Ao
Ao
33
PHNG PHP DAO
NG B
Phng php dao ng b cho h thng in
hai MF
Ti l tng tr c nh, b qua lc cn ma st, momen qun tnh.
Tr 2 PT trn cho nhau
Tuyn tnh ha PT rto ca 2 MF, b qua o hm bc 2 tr ln
2 2
1 1 2 2
1 12 2 12 2 2
12 12
0; 0 (1)
J J
d P d P
T T
dt dt
o o
o o
o o
c c
+ A = + A =
c c
Vi
12 1 2
o o o =
2
12 1 2
12
2
1 12 2 12
1 1
0
J J
d P P
dt T T
o
o
o o
| |
A c c
+ A =
|
c c
\ .
y
11
y
12
Y
21
y
22

E
2

E
1

Cng sut in t ca mi MF
( )
( )
2
1 1 11 11 1 2 12 12 12
2
2 2 22 22 1 2 12 12 12
sin sin
sin sin
P E y E E y
P E y E E y
o o o
o o o
= +
=
y
11,
y
22
: Tng dn tng h ca
nt 1 v 2
Y
11
= y
11
Z90 - o
11
; Y
12
=y
12
Z90 -
o
12
s
34
PHNG PHP DAO
NG B
Phng php dao ng b cho h thng in
hai MF
PTT c dng :
( )
2
1 2
1 12 2 12
1 1
0 2
J J
P P
p
T T o o
| |
c c
+ =
|
c c
\ .
iu kin n nh ca HT l:
( )
1 2
1 12 2 12
1 1
0 3
J J
P P
T T o o
| |
c c
>
|
c c
\ .
Thay
1 2
12 12
P P
;
o o
c c
c c
Ta c
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2 12 12 12 12 12 12
J1 J2
E E 1
E E y cos y cos 0
T T
o o o o + >
B qua 12
o
1 2
1 2 12
12 12
dP dP
E E cos 0 0V 0
d d
o
o o
> > <
Ngha l trng vi tiu chun nng lng
35
PHNG PHP DAO
NG B
Phng php dao ng b cho h thng in
phc tp
H PTVP cho QTQ ca h thng (b qua momen cn, coi ph ti
khng i)
2
2
0 1, 2,... (1)
i
Ji i Ti
d
T P P i n
dt
o
+ = =
1
2
1,
sin sin( ) 1, 2,...
n
i i ii ii i j in jn ii
j i j
P E y E E i n o o o o

= =
= + =

Chn nt MF th n lm nt cn bng (gc pha bng 0)

TCS p
i
ph thuc vo n-1 gc lch tng i gia cc MF.
{
1 2 ( 1)
( , ,..., ) 1, 2..,
i i n n n n
P P i n o o o

= =
Ta c h:
36
PHNG PHP DAO
NG B
Phng php dao ng b cho h thng in
phc tp
Chia 2 v cc PT cho T
ji
ri tr PT th n cho cc PT cn li:
( )
( )
( )
2
1 1 1
1 2
1 1
2
2
1 1
0
2
0
J
n n n
n n n
Jn
n n n
d P P
T
dt
d P P
T
dt
o
o o
o
o o

A c c
+ + + =
c c

A c c
+ + + =
c c
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
1
11 1 1 1 1 2
2
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
0
3
0
n n n n
n n
n n n n n n
d
b b
dt
d
b b
dt
o
o o
o
o o

A
+ A + + A =

A
+ A + + A =
Vi
i n
Ji jn Jn jn
P P 1 1
T T o o
c c

c c
37
PHNG PHP DAO
NG B
Phng php dao ng b cho h thng in phc tp
Khai trin nh thc v sp xp li :
PTT c dng
( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )
2
11 12 1 1
2
21 22 2 1
2
1 1 1 1
0
n
n
n n n
p b b b
b p b b
b p b

| |
+
|
|
+ =
|
|
| +
\ .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 n 1 2 n 2 2 n 3 2
2 4 2 n 2 2 n 1
p A p A p A p A 0


+ + + + =
t p
2
= x ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
n 1 n 2 n 3
2 4 2 n 2 2 n 1
x A x A x A x A 0


+ + + + + =
H ch n nh khi nghim ca PT trn u thc v m nghim p
u thun o. ng vi mi nghim x s c 1 cp nghim p.
k k
jv x ; k 1, 2,.., n 1 = =
38
PHNG PHP DAO
NG B
Phng php dao ng b cho h thng in phc tp
Gc lch tng i ca rto MF s chuyn ng so vi im cn bng
theo qui lut sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 2 n 1
ij ij 1 1 ij 2 2 ij n 11 n 1
n 1
k
ij k k
k 1
t c sin v t c sin v t c sin v t
c sin v t
o

=
A = + + + + + +
= +

v
k
: Tn s dao ng ring
C : Hng s tch phn
Cc gc lch Ao dao ng chu k vi tn s dao ng ring khc
nhau, dao ng khng tt.
Nu xt n h s cn, h thng s n nh dao ng v tt dn.
Ta c th dng cc tiu chun kho st du ca PTT.
39
KT LUN
Cc nghim p
i
ca PTT cn phi m (nm bn tri trc o) h
n nh. Chng ph thuc vo cc h s trong PTT, do , ta c th
tc ng vo cc h s iu khin v tr p
i.


Trong cc phng php nghin cu n nh tnh c in, phng
php dao ng b mang tnh tng qut v c s dng nhiu gip
tm ra cc bin php nhm iu khin hnh vi ca HT chng tr
nn n nh.
Thit lp PTT v tm li gii s nh gi c dao ng ca
gc Ao(t) l tng trng v hn hay tt dn, t nhn xt c tnh
n nh ca h.

4.3.1. Gii Thiu AVR
My pht in xoay chiu c sc in ng c
tnh theo cng thc sau:
t sin . N . v . L . B . e
m
e = 2
Trong :
B
m
: cng t trng cc i ca phn cm
L: chiu di li thp phn ng
v: tc quay
N: s vng dy trn phn ng
4.3. nh hng ca AVR (c v khng c cun cm)
Cc thng s Bm , v, N c th thay i
v nh hng rt ln n gi tr in p.

Tu theo tng ch ph ti, cc gi tr
trn c th khc nhau.

p ng in p cho tng ch , ta
cn phi c b iu chnh in p t ng.

AVR c a vo thc hin vic t
ng n nh in p my pht.
4.3.1. Gii Thiu AVR
4.3.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch AVR
Xt s my pht
S khi mch AVR
V
S
= V
R
I
o
khng i
khng c xung ra
V
S
> V
R
I
o
gim gim
dng kch t I
F
B
m
gim.
V
S
< V
R
I
o
tng tng
dng kch t I
F
B
m
tng
4.3.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch AVR
Mch hi tip: c tc dng ngn chn in p ra
khng b dao ng khi c tc ng iu chnh bi
mch AVR.
Mch ng b : Kim tra gim st v x l s
hot ng ng b ca mch to xung kch v
mch chnh lu.
4.3.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch AVR
Sau khi qua b kch t c E
fd
, ta cn tm hm truyn
ca my pht in ng b nh sau:
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
Hm truyn:
( )
a
fd
V
G s
E
=
G
g
(s)
E
fd

My pht in ng b
a
V
aq q ad d a a a
I jX I jX rI V E + + + =
a a a a
jX rI E V =
o o
+ + + =
j
q q
j
d d a a a
e I jX e jI jX rI V E
Trong toa t thng dq th:
o
o
=
=
j
q aq
j
d ad
e I I
e jI I
=> (1)
T phng trnh Stator:
Phng trnh cn bng sc in ng khi khng ti
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
Khi khng ti:
o o
+ + + =
j
q q
j
d d a a a
e I jX e jI jX rI V E
(1)
o o
+ + + =
j
q q
j
d
'
d a a
a
'
e I jX e jI jX rI V E
( )( )
o
+ + + = + = +
j
d q a a a
e jI I jX R r I ) r Z ( rI V
(2)
(3)
[3]
[3]
Khi c ti:
Nu ti Z = R +jX v:
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
Th (3) vo (2), ri nhn vi , ta c:
o j
e
( )
( )
( ) ( )
' '
a q d d q q
E r R I X X I j r R I X X I
(
= + + + + + +

Cn bng phn thc v o c hai v:
(4)
Theo cch tnh ma trn :
(

=
(

+ +
+ +
0
) (
'
'
a
q
d
q
d
E
I
I
X X R r
R r X X
'
a d d
E K I =
) X X )( X X ( ) R r (
) X X (
K
q
'
d
q
d
+ + + +
+
=
2
Vi
'
a q q
E K I =
Vi
) X X )( X X ( ) R r (
) R r (
K
q
'
d
q
+ + + +
+
=
2
(5)
(6)
(7)
[3]
[3]
[3]
[3]
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
Mt khc :
Th (6) vo (8) ta c:
Trong :
o j
d d d a a
e jI X X j E E ) (
' '
+ =
(10)
| |
'
a
'
a d
'
d d
'
a d
'
d d
'
a a
E E K ) X X ( E K ) X X ( E E
o
= = =
1
1
) )( ( ) (
) )( ( ) (
) ( 1
1
2
' 2
'
q d
q d
d d d
X X X X R r
X X X X R r
K X X + + + +
+ + + +
=

= o
(8)
(9)
[3]
[3]
[3]
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
Laplace 2 v, ta c:
fd a
a
do
E E
dt
E d
T o o = +
'
'
'
F
F
'
do
r
L
T =
'
d fd
'
a
T s E

0
1 o +
o
=
(11)
(12)
L
F
, r
F
: cun cm v in tr mch kch t
Th (9) vo :
'
' '
a
fd a do
d E
E E T
dt
= +
[3]
=>
[3]
[3]
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
t K = K
q
+ jK
d

'
( )
( )
j
a a q d
j
q d a
V ZI Z I jI e
Z K jK E e
o
o
= = +
= +
Nhn vo (12) ta c hm truyn c
trng ca my pht :
' '
'
a v a a
a a
E k E K Z V
ZKE V
= =
=
'
1
) (
do
v
g
T s
k
s G
o
o
+
=
(14)
(15)
Biu din V
a
theo E
a


(13)
fd
a
E
V
=
[3]
=>
[3]
[3]
v a
k ZK =
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
Ta xt mt h thng trong 2 trng hp sau:
Trng hp a: My pht khng c h thng iu
chnh in p AVR
Trng hp b: My pht c h thng iu chnh
in p AVR
Tm ng cong trng thi xc lp V-I ca my
pht.
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
Gi thit:
- Dng in kch t cn c iu chnh I
a
, in p
my pht lc khng ti V
a
= 1.
- Ti thun tr Z = R, trong R t v cng n 0
- n gin, chn r = 0, X
q
= X
d

4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
'
1
) (
do
v
g
T s
k
s G
o
o
+
=
Trong c 2 trng hp, p dng CT(15) :
h thng n nh th, ta c:
fd v fd g a
E k E G V o = = ) 0 (
[3]
[3]
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
Trng hp a: Khng c AVR
Khi khng ti:
Gi thit rng E
fd
= V
a
= 1
T (6) ,(7), (10), (14):
2 2
2 2 2 2
v
q
a fd
q q
R
k
R X
R R
V E
R X R X
o =
+
=> = =
+ +
2 2
1
a
a
q
V
I
R
R X
= =
+
G
g
(s)
E
fd

V
a

My pht in ng b
(a)
V vy:
[3]
[3]
[3]
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
T (a) ta c phng trnh ng elip sau:
1
1
2
2
2
= +
q
a
a
X
I
V
T phng trnh, ta v c th:
R gim
1/X
q

a
I
o
1
1
1
2
2
2
= +
q
a
a
X
I
V
Khi c ti, R s
gim t v cng
0, in p V
a
cng
s gim theo H
thng khng n
nh.
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
Trng hp b: c AVR
2 2
1
1
.
1
E
A v
A v E A
A ref ref ref
E A v
q A
A v
E
K k
K k K K R
V V V V
K K k
R X K K R
K k
K
o
o
o
o
= = =
+
+ +
+
Amplifier
Exciter
Generator
Trong : K
A
l li khuch i
K
E
l h s ca b kch t
[3]
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
1 =
a
V R
Khi:
ref
A
A
A
V
K K
K
V
E
+
=
Lc :
Chn:
( )
A
A E
ref
K
K K
V
+
=
[3]
[3]
[3]
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in

Lc :
R K K . X R
R ) K K (
V
A q
A E
A
E
+ +
+
=
2
2
0 1
a a
I , V R
E q
A E
a a
K X
K K
I , V R
+
0 0
R K K X R
K K
R
V
I
A q
A E
A
a
E
+ +
+
= =
.
) (
2
2
V hm vi:
[3]
[3]
4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in
A
I
E q
A E
a
K X
K K
I
+

1
Trng hp b c b AVR gip n nh in p
my pht V
a

= 1 n gi tr chn:
R K K X R
K K
R
V
I
A q
A E A
a
E
+ +
+
= =
.
) (
2 2
R gim, khng c AVR
R gim, c AVR
1
1
2
2
2
= +
q
a
a
X
I
V
a
I
q
X
1
o
E q
A E
a
K X
K K
I
+

4.3.3. nh hng ca AVR ln h thng in

AVR l h thng iu chnh t ng in
p my pht in, hn ch dao ng in p
v nng cao tnh n nh ca h thng.

m bo c kh nng ca my in
ng b v cc thit b khc lm vic trong
gii hn cho php.
KT LUN
NOI DUNG
4.4.1. Chc nang cua bo PSS

4.4.2. Han che trong viec dap tat dao ong cua AVR

4.4.3. Power system stabilizer

4.4.4. Ket luan

4.4. Power System Stabilizer (PSS)
4.4.1. CHC NANG CUA BO PSS
Bo PSS se tao ra tn hieu ieu khien bo sung a vao He thong kch
t e dap tat dao ong cua may phat
4.4.2. HAN CHE KHI LAP AT AVR
S o khoi cha AVR va kch t
(

A + o A
+
o A
+
= A ) K K (
sT 1
G
K
sT 1
K
fd 6 5
R
) s ( ex
4
3
3
fd
S thay oi t thong kch t
Et

+
+
+

+
Te
+

fd
Efd

Gex(s)

3
3
1 sT
K
+
K2
Tm

r
s
0
e
Vref
K4
K6
v1
R
sT + 1
1
K5
K1
Exciter
Field

+
D
K Hs + 2
1
4.4.2. HAN CHE KHI LAP AT AVR
| |
o A
+ + + +
+ +
= A
) G K K 1 ) T T ( s T T s
G K ) sT 1 ( K K
s ( ex 6 3 R 3 R 3
2
) s ( ex 5 R 4 3
fd
fd 2 1 e
K K T A + o A = A
iN N
N iK N K K T
4 3
2 2 1 2 fd 2 E
fd
+ =
+ = =
Thay A
fd
vao:
Mat khac:
( ) | | ( ) | |
( ) | | ( ) | |
0 Td B aqs Td B 1 B T a
T0
d0
0 T
'
ads B T B 1 Tq B a
t0
q0
0 T B aqs T B 1 Tq B a
T0
d0
0 Td
'
ads B Td B 1 T B a
t0
q0
5
Cos X E L X E L E R R
DE
e
Cos R L E R E L X E R
DE
e
Sin R E L R E L R E R
DE
e
Sin X L E X E L R E R
DE
e
K
+ + + + + +
+ + + =
P
o
P
T
180
0
P
m

90
0

0
P
o o o
e
o
e A + A = A + =
A
= A
6 5 6 5
0
) ( iN N iN N s
r
4.4.2. HAN CHE KHI LAP AT AVR
Do o:
Thay vao:
AR) S(AVR 1 S
K K K
+
+ =
AR) D(AVR D
K K
+
=
Tong he so moment ong bo
Tong he so moment can:
Trng hp K
5
<0, (gia s K
D
= 0):
He thong se khong onnh

N
N

i
5
6
r
= o

r AR AVR D AR AVR S
r
r E
K K
N
N
N N N
N N
N
N
N T
fd
e o
e o
o e o

A + A =
A + A =
A A + A = A
+ +
A
) ( ) (
6
4
5 4 3
5 4
6
4
3
) (
PT chuyen ong cua may phat:
( )
r D S m r
K K T
H dt
d
e o e A A A = A .
2
1
4.4.3. POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER
S o khoi cha AVR va PSS
)
sT 1
K
v (
sT 1
K K
fd
R
6
s
3
A 3
PSS
fd
A
+
A
+
= A
S thay oi t thong kch t
Et

r
vs
Vref
r
+
+
+

+
Te
+

fd
Efd

Gex(s)

3
3
1 sT
K
+
K2
Tm

s
0
e
R
sT + 1
1
K5
K1

K4
K6
v1
GPSS(s)
+

+
Exciter
D
K Hs + 2
1
4.4.3. POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER
2
1
1
1
sT
sT
+
+
stab
K
w
w
sT
sT
+ 1
S o khoi cua Bo PSS thong thng
s
v A
r
e A
r
W
W
stab s
sT
sT
sT
sT
K v e A
+
+
+
= A
2
1
1
1
1
Tn hieu ieu khien ngo ra PSS
Thay Av
s
vao:
| |
r
W 2 A 6 3 R 3
W 1 R A 3 2 STAB
PSS
fd 2
PSS
e
) sT 1 )( sT 1 ( K K K ) sT 1 )( sT 1 (
sT ) sT 1 )( sT 1 ( K K K K
K T e A
+ + + + +
+ +
= A = A
Do:
r PSS fd PSS e
iM M K T e A + = A = A ) (
2 1 2
o o o
e
e A + A = A = A
4 3
0
iM M
s
i i
r
Mat khac:
Thay vao iAe
r
:
Thay iAe
r
vao AT
e
,
PSS
r D(PSS) S(PSS)
r 10 2 1 9 2
r 10 2 9
2
r 1 PSS e
K K
) M M (M ) M (M
M M M M M T
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
e o
r 10 9
r 7 4 8 4 3
8 r 7 4 3 r
M M
M M ) M M (M
) M (M M M i
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
o
e
o o M M
M
M
M

i
iM M

s
8 r 7
6
5
6
r
6 5
0
r
+ = =
+ = =
4.4.3. POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER
Trng hp K
5
<0, (gia s K
D
= 0):
Tong he so moment ong bo:
0 K K K K
S(PSS) AR) S(AVR 1 S
> + =
+
Tong he so moment can:
0 ) K K ( K
D(PSS) AR) D(AVR D
> + =
+
He thong se on nh
PT chuyen ong cua may phat
( )
r D S m r
K K T
H dt
d
e o e A A A = A .
2
1
4.4.3. POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER
4.4.4. KET LUAN
a trnh bay c chc nang cua Bo PSS

Ta co the gi on nh He thong ien khi co cac tac ong lam cho
HT mat on nh bang cach lap at them Bo PSS

- M hnh ph ti h thng c thay bng tng tr
hng. Bng k thut kh cc nt ph ti cho trong
h ch c cc nt pht. Ta c cng sut tc dng cc nt
c th xc nh c theo biu thc tng qut sau :

4.5. KHO ST N NH H NHIU MY
y
ij
: l tng dn tng h gia nt my pht i v my
pht j.
y
ii
: l tng dn ring ca nt my pht i.
o
i
: l gc lch gia t trng quay ca rtor v sc
in ng trn Stator ca my pht th i.
o
ij
: gc ca tng dn tng h.
(4.1)
- Chn mt nt pht lm nt cn bng, gi s chn nt
n c gc pha lm c s khi :
- Tng ng vi m hnh n gin QTQ, ta c h
phng trnh vi phn QTQ h thng:
(4.2)
(4.3)
4.5. KHO ST N NH H NHIU MY
Cng sut ca cc my pht thay i trong QTQ ch
yu ph thuc vo s bin thin ca gc lch o.
- Ngha l:
(4.4)
(4.5)
P
1
= P
1
(o
1n
, o
2n
, . . . . o
n-1n
)
P
2
= P
2
(o
1n
, o
2n
, . . . . o
n-1n
)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P
n
= P
n
(o
1n
, o
2n
, . . . . o
n-1n
)
- Thay (4.4) vo (4.2) ta c:
4.5. KHO ST N NH H NHIU MY
- Khai trin hm P(o) thnh chui Taylo v b qua cc
thnh phn t bc 2 tr ln ta c:
(4.6)
- Thay (4.6) vo (4.5) ta c:
(4.7)
4.5. KHO ST N NH H NHIU MY

= A + + A + A +
= A + + A + A +
= A + + A + A +

c
c
c
c
c
c A
c
c
c
c
c
c A
c
c
c
c
c
c A
0 ...
.......
0 ...
0 ...
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
0
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
0
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
0
1
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
e
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
e
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
e
n n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n n Jn
n n
n n
n
n
n
n
J
n n
n n
n
n
n
n
J
P P P
dt
d T
P P P
dt
d T
P P P
dt
d T
- Gi thit P
T
l khng i, sau khi tuyn tnh ha ta nhn
c h phng trnh chuyn ng:
- Vi o = o - o
o
l lch gc :
(4.8)
4.5. KHO ST N NH H NHIU MY
- Chia hai v phng trnh cho T
J
/e
0
v tr i phng
trnh cui:
o
J
T
e
o
J
T
e
o
J
T
e
PHNG TRNH C TRNG CA H NHIU MY:

= + + + +
= + + + +
= + + + +
A A A
A
A A A
A
A A A
A

0 ...
....
0 ...
0 ...
1 1 1 2 12 1 11 2
1
2
1 1 2 2 22 1 21 2
2
2
1 1 1 2 12 1 11 2
1
2
o o o
o
o o o
o
o o o
o
n n n n n n n n
n n
n n n n n
n
n n n n n
n
a a a
dt
d
a a a
dt
d
a a a
dt
d
(4.9)
1 ,..., 2 , 1 ; 1 ,..., 2 , 1 ;
0 0
= = =
c
c
c
c
n j n i
jn
n
Ji jn
i
Ji
ij
P
T
P
T
a
o
e
o
e
- Vi h s:
(4.10)
- t p=d/dt, ta c phng trnh t trng di dng:
0
) (
...
. .........
.
)... (
... ) (
1 1
2
12 11
1 2 22
2
21
1 1 12 11
2
=
+
+
+
- - - -
-
-
n n n n
n
n
a p
a a
a a p a
a a a p
- Khai trin nh thc trn s cho ra phng trnh c
trng vi dng a thc:
b
0
p
m
+ b
1
p
m-1
+ . . . . .+ b
m
= 0 (*)

Vi p
i
l nghim ca phng trnh (*)
(4.11)
(4.12)
4.5. KHO ST N NH H NHIU MY
-Kho st du ca nghim ca (*) s cho bit n nh
ca h thng.
-Cc nghim ca (*) u c phn thc m th h s n
nh.
-Ngc li, ch cn c mt nghim c phn thc
dng th h s khng n nh.
-Mt vi tiu chun xt du ca (*) l:
* Tiu chun Hurwitz
* Tiu chun Rauss
* Tiu chun Mikhailov
4.5. KHO ST N NH H NHIU MY
Tiu chun Hurwitz:
b
1
b
3
b
5
. . . .0 0 0
b
0
b
2
b
4
. . . .0 0 0
0 b
1
b
3
. . . .0 0 0
0 b
0
b
2
. . . .0 0 0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 0 0 . . . . b
m-1
0
0 0 0 . . . . b
m-2
b
m

- Thng s dng cho phng trnh c trng c bc
thp.

MT V TIU CHUN KHO ST DU CA
PHNG TRNH C TRNG:
(4.13)
Cc nh thc Hurwitz

1
= b
1
;

2
=
b
1
b
3
b
0
b
2

b
1
b
3
b
5
b
0
b
2
b
4

0 b
1
b
3

;
3
=
H thng s n nh nu tt c cc h s ca phng
trnh c trng v cc nh thc Hurwitz u dng.
Tiu chun Hurwitz:
(4.14)
Tiu chun Rauss
Thng s dng cho cc a thc c trng c bc cao.
Bng Rauss: Thnh lp vi (m+1) ct.
Hng u l cc h s vi ch s chn ca a thc c
trng, hng 2 ng vi cc ch s l.
Hng
i-2
Ct 1 Ct 2 Ct 3
1 - c
11
=b
0
c
21
=b
2
c
31
=b
4
2 - c
12
=b
1
c
22
=b
3
c
32
=b
5
3
1
=b
0
/b
1
c
13
=b
2
-
1
b
3
c
23
=b
4
-
1
b
5
.
4
2
=b
1
/c
13
c
13
=b
3
-
2
c
23
c
24
=b
5
-
2
c
33
.
(4.15)
Cc phn t hng tip theo tnh bi cng thc sau:
C
ki
= C
k+1,i-2

i-2
C
k+1,i-1

i-2
= C
1,i-2
/ C
1,i-1
, i>=3
k - l s th t ct
i - l s th t hng
Yu cu n nh theo Rauss: h thng n nh th iu
kin cn v l cc h s ct u tin phi dng.
S ln i du ca ct u tin ng vi s nghim ca a
thc c trng bn na mt phng phi (phn thc
dng).
Tiu chun Rauss

(4.16)
V D:
Kim tra s n nh v xc nh s nghim nm bn phi mt phng
phc ca h thng in c phng trnh c trng l:
D(p) = p
5
+ 6p
4
+ 10p
3
+ 5p + 8 = 0
p dng tiu chun Rauss bng cch lp bng:
H thng khng n nh v c 1 nghim nm bn phi mt
phng phc.
Hng
i-2
1 2 3 4
1 - C
11
= 1 C
21
= 10

C
31
= 5

0
2 - C
12
= 6

C
22
= 0

C
32
= 8

0
3
1
= 1/6

C
13
= 10

C
23
= 22/6

C
33
= 0 0
4
2
= 6/10

C
14
= -22/10

C
24
= 8 C
34
= 0

0

5
3
= - 100/22

C
15
= 40,03

C
25
= 0

0 0
6
4
= -0,05

C
16
= 8

0

0 0
V D:
KT LUN:
-Phn ny chng ta xt n n nh tnh h thng in c cu trc phc
tp nhng vn theo m hnh qu trnh qu n gin.

- C th s dng cc tiu chun xt du phng trnh c trng ta s
bit c s n nh ca h thng.
4.6. HIN TNG T KCH
MC TIU
Bit c hin tng t kch v qu trnh din
ra t kch trong my pht in
Bit c cc nh hng do qu trnh t kch
gy ra phng chng, bo v

NI DUNG
1. Hin tng t kch l g?
2. Qu trnh t kch trong my pht xoay chiu
3. Qu trnh t kch trong my pht mt chiu
4. nh hng ca qu trnh t kch
1. HIN TNG T KCH L G?
HIN TNG T KCH
L hin tng my pht t ng kch hot to ra ngun
in m khng cn n ngun cp vo cho cc cun
dy kch t
My pht xoay chiu
My pht mt chiu
2. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT XOAY CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
Xt my pht in xoay chiu ngng hot ng tnh trng khng ti, khng
dng kch t, c ni vi t b hoc t kch t
2. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT XOAY CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
Khi my pht ngng hot ng trong li thp rotor cn li lng t d
t d gy ra sut in ng
c dng din I
a
qua t C
cm ng E
a
trn stator

Quay my pht vi tc n
2. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT XOAY CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
Dng qua t I
a
gy ra phn ng phn ng dc trc tr t (sinh ra t thng
cng phng cng chiu vi t thng kch t)
dng I
a
tng
S E
a
tng t thng kch t tng
t thng kch t tng ln
in p V
a
tng ln
2. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT XOAY CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
V
a
tng ti gi tr V ti giao im M
ca ng c tuyn in p
khng ti D(n) v ng c
tuyn in p qua t C

M l im hot ng n nh khng
ti sau qu trnh t kch ca
my pht

2. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT XOAY CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
Nhn xt:
in dung ca t cng ln
th in p sau n nh
cng ln

C
1

C
2

C
2
> C
1

Nu in dung t C ln ng
c tnh in p qua t dch v bn
phi in p V
a
sau cao hn

2. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT XOAY CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
n
1

n
2

n
2
>
n
1

M
V
a

I
a

Nhn xt:
Tc quay my pht cng
ln th in p sau n nh
cng ln

Nu tc quay ln
ng c tnh in p
khng ti c dc ln
in p V
a
sau n nh cao hn
2. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT XOAY CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
Kt lun:
iu kin my pht xoay chiu t kch v to ra
in p khng ti ln l:
Phi c t thng d
Gi tr in dung ca t phi ln
Tc quay ca my pht phi ln
3. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT MT CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
Xt my pht mt chiu kch t song song tnh trng
khng ti (I
t
=0) v khng kch t (I
k
=0)
Khi my ngng hot ng, trong li thp cc t, gng t
cn li t thng d u
d

Quay my vi vn tc n t thng d u
d
sinh ra sut in
ng cm ng E
Nu mch kch t kn sinh
ra dng kch t I
k
=U
t
/R
f
vi R
f
= R
k
+ R
s

Dng I
k
sinh ra t thng u
k

3. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT MT CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
Nu u
k
ngc chiu vi u
d






t thng kch t b kh
my khng t kch c
Nu u
k
cng chiu vi u
d
t thng kch t tng
sut in ng cm ng E
tng
dng kch t I
k
tng t thng u
k
tng
in p U
t
tng
3. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT MT CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
U
t
tng ti gi tr U ti giao im
M ca ng c tuyn in
p khng ti C(n) v ng
c tuyn in p qua cun
kch t D(R
f
)
M l im hot ng n nh
khng ti sau qu trnh t
kch ca my pht

U
t

I
k

U
t
=R
f
.I
k

acrtan(R
f
)
2. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT MT CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
R
f1

R
f2

R
f2
< R
f1

I
k

U
t

U
t
=

R
f
I
k

Nhn xt:
in tr kch t cng nh
th in p sau n nh
cng ln

Nu in tr R
f
nh ng
c tnh in p cun kch t
dch v pha phi in p U
t

sau n nh hn
2. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT XOAY CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
n
1

n
2

n
2
>
n
1

M
U
t

I
k

Nhn xt:
Tc quay my pht cng
ln th in p sau n nh
cng ln

Nu tc quay ln ng
c tnh khng ti c dc ln
in p U sau n nh hn
3. QU TRNH T KCH TRONG MY PHT MT CHIU
HIN TNG T KCH
Kt lun:
iu kin my pht mt chiu t kch v to ra
in p khng ti ln l:
Phi c t thng d
Chiu quay phi ph hp
Vn tc quay phi ln
Bin tr kch t phi nh