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Thiet Ke Ha Tang Cho Trung Tam Du Lieu DATA CENTER
Thiet Ke Ha Tang Cho Trung Tam Du Lieu DATA CENTER
Thiet Ke Ha Tang Cho Trung Tam Du Lieu DATA CENTER
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tnh v thng cn mt cm tng cung cp in (loi 2-4 kW); n gn
nh l h thng khp kn.
H thng lm lnh chnh xc c ln c s dng rng ri lm lnh cc
khu vc quan trng . N thng l thit b c cng sut ln nht c trong Data
Center vi kh nng lm lnh t 20 kW ti hn 200 kW thit my my tnh cho
mi khung gm. H thng phi tn dng khng gian sn v phi c chin lc
v tr cho hiu qu ti a. Thng s k thut, vic t lp v bo tr
cho h thng ny ph thuc cao vo h thng in hin hnh, cc kh nng kt
cu v
c kh ca ta nh. Do vy, i hi cc chuyn gia IT lm vic cht ch vi cc
b phn qun l v nh sn xut trong sut qu trnh thc thi k thut.
2.2.3 Cc sp xp phng php kt hp lm lnh
Cc sp xp thit b kt hp vi cc phng php gii nhit thch
hp ca chng c trnh by nh sau:
Phng
php
Gn trn Gn sn
i hi s tip cn tng mi v mt cao
3m t sn n cu trc trn. Tng mi nn
nm trong 2 khu vc mi trng IT.
Yu cu Condenser v ng dn lm lnh.
i hi s tip cn tng mi. Tng mi nn
nm trong 2 khu vc mi trng IT. Yu
cu Condenser v ng dn lm lnh.
Cc h thng portable thng khng s
dng cc thnh phn bn ngoi.
Phi c trn thng hoc cc ng dn c
lp t cho Condenser. m bo cao
3m t sn n cu trc trn.
Phi c trn thng cho cc ng Condenser.
Cc h thng ln s yu cu cc thnh
phn gii nhit bn ngoi.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
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Vic xy dng phi c s tip cn tng mi
v cao 3m t sn n cu trc trn. Yu
cu cc thit b nh hp bm, b phn lm
lnh cht lu v ng ng glycol.
i hi s tip cn tng mi. Yu cu cc
thit b nh hp bm, b phn lm lnh
cht lu v ng ng glycol.
Cc h thng portable thng khng dng
cc thnh phn bn ngoi.
Vic xy dng phi c chiu cao 3m t sn
n cu trc trn. S cu kt Condenser-
nc c yu cu.
Vic xy dng phi c h thng
Condenser-nc vi cng sut tng xng
v c s cu kt.
Cc h thng portable khng dng
Condenser-nc.
Vic xy dng phi c chiu cao 3m t sn
n cu trc trn v h thng nc lnh
chc chn. S cu kt c yu cu.
Vic xy dng phi c h thng nc lnh
chc chn vi cng sut tng xng v c
s cu kt.
Cc h thng portable khng s dng h
thng nc lnh.
Hnh 2.2.6 Bng m t cc sp xp phng n kt hp lm lnh
2.2.4 Cc xem xt i vi mi trng IT
Mt hng dn c th mt t cu hnh lm lnh tng thch cho mi trng IT
vi cc kch c khc nhau c lit k sau y s c s dng nh mt dng
52
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tham kho khi hoch nh gii php lm lnh chnh xc. Nm kch thc c
xem xt:
T h thng in
Khu vc phng my
Data Center nh
Data Center trung bnh
Data Center ln
Cc gii php lm lnh c dnh du cho trong s cu cu hnh thng c
khng s dng vi phng php gii nhit lin quan, mc d trong
mt s ngoi l c p dng.
2.2.4.1 T h thng in
C 1-3 t rack kn hay lng tiu th 1-18 kW.
y thng l thch thc cho vic lm mt bi kch thc nh ca n v cc
hn ch thng gi. Nu nhit mc cao, th u tin l c gng thng gi
cho cc thit b. Nu nhit vn duy tr mc cao v gii php lm lnh chnh
xc c yu cu, th phi bo m thng gi thit b v cc yu cu mt
bng c th tha cho gii php xut.
Phng
php
Gn trn Gn sn
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng
mi v khng gian. Tng mi nn nm
trong 2 khu vc t h thng in. Dng
cho 3-17kW thit b.
Khng s dng do kch thc h thng ln
hn so vi khng gian sn c.
Ch s dng nu cc ng ng c lp
t cho vic cung cp v trao i kh ca
Condenser. Dng cho 3-17kW thit b.
S dng nu d dng lp t v kh nng
di chuyn l cc li th. Cc ng ng
thot kh nng c th chy ra bn ngoi t.
Dng cho 3-6kW thit b.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
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Thng khng c s dng hn mc
tiu th ny.
Khng s dng do kch thc h thng ln
hn so vi khng gian sn c.
Thng khng c s dng hn mc
tiu th ny.
Khng s dng do kch thc h thng ln
hn so vi khng gian sn c.
Ch s dng khi ngun lm lnh duy nht
l h thng nc lnh, khng c v tr c
th cho cc Condenser bn ngoi.
Khng s dng do kch thc h thng ln
hn so vi khng gian sn c.
Hnh 2.2.7 Bng m t cc sp xp phng n kt hp lm lnh
2.2.4.2 Khu vc phng my
C 1-5 t rack kn hay lng tiu th 3-30 kW.
Thng c dng cho khng gian vn phng vi mc khc
nhau ca khng gian sn c v thng gi. Cc phng vi ti lng tiu
th nh, h thng iu ha ta nh c l p ng thng gi
p ng cho cn phng. Phn ln khu vc phng my yu cu nhiu h
thng portable hoc gn trn nh v mt vi phng my chu ti ln s hot
ng tt vi mt h thng gn sn ln nu khng gian sn sn c.
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Phng
php
Gn trn Gn sn
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng
mi v khng gian sn c. Tng
mi nn nm trong 2 khu vc IT.
Mt hoc nhiu h thng l la chn tt
cho 6-30kW tiu th.
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng
mi v khng gian sn c. Tng
mi nn nm trong 2 khu vc IT. Mt h
thng ln cho tiu th trn 25
kW nu mnh.
Ch s dng nu cc ng ng c lp
t cho vic cung cp v trao i kh
ca Condenser v m bo khng gian.
Mt hoc nhiu h thng l la chn tt
cho 6-
30kW tiu th.
S dng nu c tng thng cho cc ng
ng thot kh ca Condenser. Mt
hoc nhiu h thng l la chn tt cho
tiu th di 12 kW.
Ch s dng nu c s tip cn tng mi v
khng gian.
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng
mi v khng gian sn c. Mt h thng
ln cho tiu th trn 25 kW
nu mnh.
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Thng khng c s dng do Condenser
khng th i qu xa.
Thng khng c s dng do Condenser
khng th i qu xa.
Ch s dng khi ngun lm lnh duy nht
l h thng nc lnh, khng c v tr
c th cho cc Condenser bn ngoi.
Ch s dng khi ngun lm lnh duy nht
l h thng nc lnh, khng c v tr
c th cho cc Condenser bn ngoi.
Hnh 2.2.8 Bng m t cc sp xp phng n kt hp lm lnh
2.2.4.3 Data Center nh
C 5-20 rack kn hay lng tiu th 7-100 kW.
Thng l cc phng c xy dng c mc ch vi khng gian v thng
gi thch hp cho thit b IT. Nu lng tiu th in qu cao (hn 3 kW cho
mi t rack) th phi cn thm khng gian dnh cho gii php lm lnh. Phn
ln s dng h thng gn trn nh v gn sn c ln. H thng portable c
s dng khi cn thit cho cc im nng hoc lm lnh tm thi.
Phng
php
Gn trn Gn sn
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng
mi v khng gian sn c. Tng mi
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng
mi v khng gian sn c. Tng mi
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nn nm trong 2 khu vc IT. Mt hoc
nhiu h thng l la chn tt cho 7-30kW
tiu th.
nn nm trong 2 khu vc IT. Mt h thng
ln cho tiu th trn 25 kW.
Ch s dng nu cc ng ng c lp
t cho vic cung cp v trao i kh ca
Condenser v m bo khng gian. Mt
hoc nhiu h thng l la chn tt cho 7-
30kW tiu th.
S dng nu c tng thng cho cc ng
ng thot kh ca Condenser. Mt hoc
nhiu h thng s dng cho cc im
nng hoc tnh hung khn cp.
Ch s dng nu c s tip cn tng mi v
khng gian.
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng
mi v khng gian sn c. Mt h thng
ln cho tiu th trn 25 kW nu
mnh.
Thng khng c s dng do Condenser
khng th i qu xa.
Thng khng c s dng do Condenser
khng th i qu xa.
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Ch s dng khi ngun lm lnh duy nht
l h thng nc lnh, khng c v tr c
th cho cc Condenser bn ngoi.
Ch s dng khi ngun lm lnh duy nht
l h thng nc lnh, khng c v tr c
th cho cc Condenser bn ngoi.
Hnh 2.2.9 Bng m t cc sp xp phng n kt hp lm lnh
2.2.4.4 Data Center trung bnh
C 20-100 t rack kn hay lng tiu th 28-500 kW.
Thng l cc phng c xy dng c mc ch vi khng gian v thng
gi thch hp cho thit b IT. Nu lng tiu th in qu cao (hn 3 kW cho
mi t rack) th phi cn thm khng gian dnh cho gii php lm lnh. Phn
ln s dng h thng gn sn c ln.
Phng
php
Gn trn Gn sn
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng
mi v tng mi k cn khng gian Data
Center. Dng cho mt nh v thp. Gii
php cho chi ph thp.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
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Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng
mi v nhng khng gian qu xa. Khng
c h thng nc hay Condenser-nc n
c khng gian.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng nu h thng Condenser-nc
ca ta nh kh nng hoc chi ph s
dng thp hn h thng nc lnh.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng khi c ngun cp h thng
nc lnh tin cy.
Hnh 2.2.10 Bng m t cc sp xp phng n kt hp lm lnh
2.2.4.5 Data Center ln
C trn 100 t rack kn hay lng tiu th trn 200 kW.
Thng l cc phng c xy dng c mc ch vi khng gian v thng gi
thch hp cho thit b IT. Mt ngun in tng cao th buc tng khng
gian phn phi cho cc gii php lm lnh. S dng nhiu h thng lm lnh
gn sn c ln hoc cc h thng lm lnh tng mi ty chnh rt ln (khng
th hin hnh bn di).
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Phng
php
Gn trn Gn sn
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng nu vic lm lnh l mong
mun cho cc khu vc.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng nu h thng Condenser-nc
c kh nng s dng nhiu hn v chi ph
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s dng thp hn vi h thng nc lnh.
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi
n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng khi c ngun cp h thng
nc lnh m nhim quan trng.
Hnh 2.2.11 Bng m t cc sp xp phng n kt hp lm lnh
2.2.5 Cc la chn cho h thng lm lnh
Mt s lng cc la chn sn c cho cc phng tin v cc chuyn gia khi
ch nh cc gii php lm lnh.
S iu hng dng kh
Lung khng kh ca cc h thng gn sn c ln trong iu hng i xung
(downflow) hoc iu hng i ln (upflow) v thm ch iu hng i ngang
(horizontal flow).
S dng h thng-downflow trong mi trng sn nng hoc trong mi trng
khng sn nng khi h thng c gn trn b
S dng h thng-upflow trong mi trng upflow hin ti
Cc h thng-horizontal flow nn c xem xt cho s hp nht IT v i mi
mi trng IT bng cch s dng thit lp li i nng/lnh.
Cc thit b d tm khi, ha hon, t nc
Chng cung cp sm cnh bo v/hay t ng phng cn trong sut cc s kin
ti ha.
B phn gi m
Thng t bn trong cc thit b lm lnh chnh xc thay th cho lng hi
nc b mt trong qu trnh lm lnh v c s dng ngn chn cc thit b
IT down-time do s phng ra tnh in.
B phn hm nng
Tng thm nhit khng kh lnh thot ra ngoi thit b iu ha cho php
tng s lm kh mi trng (lm gim m) khi cn thit.
ng xon tit kim
Dng cho h thng lm lnh bng glycol; p ng vic gim chi ph hot ng
hiu qu bng vic tit kim khi dng glycol lnh.
2.3 H thng phng nga ha hon
2.3.1 Phn loi cc dng ha hon
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Ha hon c phn thnh 5 cp : Cp A, B, C, D v K. Cc nguy c ha
hon trong Data Center thng c xp vo cp A v C do bi c im ca n.
Cc ha cht ca cp B thng khng c ct gi trong Data Center.
Cp
Dng ha hon
Biu tng
A
Ha hon lin quan n cc vt liu
d chy thng thng nh giy, g,
vi v mt s cht do
B
Ha hon lin quan n cc loi
cht lng v cht khi d chy nh
du ha, sn du, xng
C
Ha hon lin quan n hot ng
thit b in.
Ha hon cp C thng l ha hon
cp A v B m c s hin din ca
in.
D
Ha hon lin quan n cc kim
loi hay hp kim d chy nh
Magi, Natri v Kali.
K
Ha hon lin hon n vic nu
nng do s dng cc vt liu nh
du thc vt/ng vt hay cc cht
bo.
Hnh 2.3.1 Bng m t cp ha hon
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C ba yu t i hi cho vic ha hon tn ti: Oxy, nhit v cht t. Tt c
phi tng tc nhau cho phn ng m c bit nh l la. Nu mt hoc nhiu
hn trong ba yu t c loi b, la khng th tn ti. Do , phng php
cha chy c th khc bit ph thuc vo vic yu t no c loi b. V d
trng hp h thng CO2 lm gim kh Oxy bng vic thay th n vi mt kh
CO2 nng hn, v v kh CO2 lnh hn so vi la nn n cn tr la lan rng
bng cch ly i nhit.
Khi mt m chy bt u, n thng c chia thnh nhiu giai on trong
qu trnh t chy. C bn giai on ca qu trnh t chy: giai on phi thai
hoc giai on trc khi chy, giai on khi thy c, giai on rc la, v
giai on t nng mnh lit. Nghin cu m chy cho thy rng giai on
phi thai cho php khong thi gian nhiu nht pht hin v x l s hnh
thnh m chy. N khong thi gian m cc h thng pht hin ha hon c
ngha khc bit gi vic sn sng v khng sn sng. m la ko di t
chy cng nhiu vt cht, dn n nguy c h hi thit b cng cao mc cho
m chy c dp tt thnh cng. Cc vt cht t chy c th dn in hoc
gy hao mn cc mch trn thit b IT.
2.3.2 Chn la gii php phng cha ha hon
Vi mc nh thit k mt gii php phng cha ha hon cho
mt Data Center, ba iu kin phi c tha mn: xc nh s hin din ca
ngn la, truyn t s tn ti ca ngn la ti nhng ngi hin din v
b phn c trch nhim, v cui cng l km hm ngn la v dp tt n nu c
th. Tng
t vi tt c cc cng ngh lin quan ti vic pht hin , bo ng v dp tt
ha hon s m bo mt gii php phng cha ha hon hon chnh.
V trc khi la chn mt phng php, phi nh gi cc mi nguy hi tim
n v cc pht sinh. Cc vn nh sn nng, cao trn nh, s ngi
hin din trong khu vc, thit b d tm c che khut ra sao?..... c gii
p trc khi mt phng php phng cha chy thch hp c chn la
2.3.3 Cc dng h thng d tm ha hon
C ba kiu thit b d tm chnh c s dng: thit b d tm khi, thit b d
tm nhit v thit b d tm la. Vi mc ch bo v Data Center, thit b d
tm khi th c hiu qu nhiu hn; thit b d tm nhit v la thng khng
c s dng trong cc Data Center v n khng p ng vic pht hin thi
k u ca ngn la v v vy n khng p ng s cnh bo sm cho vic bo
v cc ti sn c gi tr.
2.3.3.1 Thit b d tm khi ti ch
Hnh 2.3.2 Thit b d tm khi ti ch
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Thit b d tm khi thng thng c th bao ph mt khu vc khong 84 m
2
.
Khng gian trong Data Center v cc Computer Room thng c gim bt
b p cho cc lung kh pha trn cn thit trong cc mi trng ny. S
lng chuyn i trng thi kh trong phng cng ln, cng nhiu thit b d
tm phi c t trn mi din tch nh sau:
Cc thay i kh
mi gi
Khu vc bao ph
mi thit b d tm
60 11.6
30 23.2
20 34.8
15 16.5
12 58.1
10 69.7
8.6 81.3
7.5 83.6
6.7 83.6
6 83.6
Hnh 2.3.3 Bng m t phm vi bao ph ca thit b d tm
Tiu chun mc ch cho cc khu vc di chuyn khng kh pha trn trong cng
nghip thng l c mi 23 m
2
. Cc thit b d tm dng ti ch th hiu qu
trong cc Data Center v Computer Room c nh. Mc d cc thit b d tm
t tin, thng minh hn c s dng, nhng chng t c t gi tr trong cc
khng gian nh hn.
C 2 loi thit b d tm ti ch: quang in v ion ha.
Thit b d tm quang in hot ng bng cch s dng mt ngun sng hoc
chm sng v mt cm bin nh sng vung gc vi n. Khi khng c g trong
khoang cm bin, cm bin nh sng khng c phn ng. Khi khi
i vo khoang, mt vi tia sng c khuch tn v phn chiu vo trong
cm bin khin n bt u trnh trng bo ng.
Hnh 2.3.4 M t cu to thit b d tm quang in
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Thit b d tm ion ha dng mt khoang ion ha v mt lng nh s bc x
pht hin m kh. Thng thng, khng kh trong khoang c ion bng
s bc x gy ra mt lu lng dng in n nh. Khi khi vo trong khoang,
n lm v hiu hoc cn tr vic ion ha khng kh khin cho dng in st
gim. iu ny kch hot thit b vo trnh trng bo ng.
2.3.3.2 Cc thit b d tm khi thng minh ti ch
Cc thit b d tm khi thng minh ti ch cng tng t nh cc thit b dm
tm ti ch thng thng ngoi tr n hot ng vi mt bng iu khin bo
ng thng minh c nh a ch c th d dng bo co v tr ngn la mt
cch chnh xc hn. Mt s c kh nng t ng cn bng vi vic thay i
mi trng nh m hay bi bn tch t. Chng cng c th c lp trnh
nhy cm hn trong cc thi gian nht nh trong ngy, v d nh
khi mi ngi ri khi khu vc, nhy cm s tng ln.
Cc thit b d tm thng minh ti ch thng c t pha di sn
nng, pha trn trn nh. Tuy vy, cc thit b d tm ti ch c iu chnh
s dng trong cc ng x l khng kh pht hin cc kh nng ha hon
trong
h thng HVAC. Bng cch t thit b d tm gn ng ng thot ra v ng
thng hi ca cc n v CRAC, vic pht hin c th c tng nhanh.
2.3.3.3 Thit b d tm khi ly mu khng kh
Vic d tm khi bng vic ly mu khng kh, thng c xem nh mt h
thng Pht Hin Khi Rt Sm (VESD Very Early Smoke
Detection), c m t nh mt thit b d tm quang in c cng sut cao.
H thng ly mu khng kh dng phng php d tm tin tin s dng
tia laze rt nhy cm, mnh m hn so vi ci c trong thit b d tm quang
in thng thng. Khi cc mu vt cht i qua thit b d tm, chm laze c
kh nng phn bit chng l bi hay l cc sn phm ca qu trnh t chy.
H thng ly mu khng kh gm mt mng li cc ng gn lin ti mt thit
b d tm duy nht, lin tc ht khng kh vo v ly mu. Cc ng
thng c lm bng nha PVC nhng cng c th l CPVC, EMT hoc
bng ng. Ph thuc vo khng gian c bo v v cu hnh ca nhiu cm
bin, cc h thng ny c th bao ph mt vng 232 m
2
n 7,432 m
2
. Mc
d bao ph rng, cc cm bin c th c xc nh v tr mt cch quan
trng d bo
tr v sa cha. Thit b d tm khi ph thuc vo ba bin s: nhy cm ca
thit b, s r rng ca ng khi hng n thit b, v mt khi khi n
chm ti thit b. Trong mt khu vc nh l Data Center, s lu thng lung
kh th nhanh chng, n tr nn kh pht hin khi vi thit b d tm ti ch
c bit trong giai on ban u ca ngn la. iu ny lm cho VESD l gii
php d tm khi mang gi tr ln cho cc Data Center. H thng
ly mu khng kh c thit k pht hin cc mu nh ca qu trnh t
chy nh nhng th c thot ra t ng ng trong cc giai on u ca
hnh thnh m chy. Khi cc mu khi tri qua ng ng v vo trong thit
b d tm, chm laze s phn bit cc mu nh l ht bi hay l th phm ca
qu trnh t chy. Quy trnh d tm ny c th nhy cm ln gp 1000 ln
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so vi cc thit b d tm quang in hay ion ha.
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Hnh 2.3.5 H thng d tm ly mu khng kh
2.3.4 Cc dng h thng cha chy
Mt khi ngn la c pht hin trong Data Center, h thng phi thc hin
dp tt ngn la mt cch nhanh chng m khng gy nh hng
n hot ng ca Data Center. lm iu ny, c nhiu phng php c
s dng,
c nhiu ci tt hn nhng ci khc. Bt k phng php no c s dng, n
phi p ng mt bin php loi tr h thng dp tt trong trng
hp bo ng gi.
2.3.4.1 Bt
Bt cha chy hay cn gi chnh xc l bt AFFF (Aqueous Film-
Forming Foams) hay bt ARC (Alcohol Resistant Concentrate), thng c
dng trong cc m chy cht lng, bi n ph ln trn b mt cht lng d
chy, ngn chn oxy tip xc vi ngn la do vy dp tt m chy. Bt dn
in do khng s dng nhng ni in hin din. V vy, n khng nn
c s dng trong cc Data Center.
2.3.4.2 Ha cht kh
Ha cht kh hoc bt kh c th th dng cho nhiu dng m chy v gy t
nguy hi cho mi trng. Cc loi bt khc nhau c th c dng ty
theo dng m chy. Chng khng dn in nhng i hi dn dp. Chng
c s dng trong nhiu ng dng cng nghip nhng khng khuyn khch
dng cho Data Center bi lng d cn li khi phng ra.
2.3.4.3 H thng phun nc (sprinkler)
Vi phun nc phun ra khi kp van m ra. Cc kp thng l hp kim
hoc bng thy tinh c th m ra khi n t ti nhit khong 165-175
o
F.
y l iu quan trng ch bi thi im kp m th nhit xung quanh
u vi phun c th l cao hn 1000
o
F. iu ny cn thit tng nhanh phn
ng ca
h thng phun nc bng cch cho kp m ra nhit thp hn.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Hnh 2.3.6 Thit b vi phun sprinkler
H thng vi phun c thit lp trong ba cu hnh khc nhau: wet-pipe, dry-
pipe v pre-action
Wet-pipe: L h thng vi phun c cc u vi phun t ng c gn
vo h thng ng ng c sn nc, v ni kt vi ngun nc, nh
, nc s phun ra ngay lp tc, qua cc voi phun m do nhit t
m chy pht ra kch hot. N c thit lp ph bin v thng c
xy dng trong cc kin trc cch ly trnh ng bng.
Hnh 2.3.7 M t h thng cha chy vi phun Wet-pipe
Dry-pipe: L h thng vi phun c cc u vi phun t ng c gn
vo h thng ng ng c cha khng kh hoc nitrogen c duy tr
bi p lc, v khi vi phun m do nhit t m chy pht
ra kch hot, kh bn trong ng ng thot ra, cho php p lc nc
lm m van ng. Nh , nc chy vo h thng ng ng, v ri
phun nc
ra qua cc vi phun m.
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Hnh 2.3.8 M t h thng cha chy vi phun Dry-pipe
Pre-action: L h thng vi phun c cc u vi phun t ng c
gn vo h thng ng ng c cha khng kh, c th c hoc khng
c p lc, v c mt h thng bo chy b sung c lp t ti cng
nhng v tr c t u vi phun. Khi h thng bo chy kch hot, n s
m van cho php nc chy vo h thng ng ng, v ri phun nc
ra qua cc vi phun m.
Cc vi phun nc bnh thng khng c khuyn dng cho cc Data Center, tuy
nhin, ph thuc vo cc quy nh phng chy a phng, nn chng c
th c yu cu.
2.3.4.4 Bnh cha chy xch tay
Cc bnh cha chy c t ng ch cn thit d dng s dng v c th
s dng bi bt k ngi no. Gi tr ca bnh cha chy i vi Data Center l
kh nng dp tt m chy trc khi h thng cha chy chnh kch hot. V
nh lu trc , mi ngi l phng tin pht hin chy hu hiu nht,
gip cho vic dp tt ngn la cc giai on sm nht.
Hnh 2.3.9 Bnh cha chy xch tay
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Nhiu loi bnh cha chy khc nhau c ph chun cho vic s dng trong
Data Center v thay th cho loi Halon 1211 (Nh loi HFC-236fa hay c tn
thng mi ph bin l FE-36, c th s dng trong cc khu vc
c ng ngi. Mt vi loi khc nh Halotron I, Halotron II v Novec 1230,
chng an ton cho mi trng v khng li d lng khi thot ra. Cc bnh
cha chy sch ny dp tt m chy bng cch loi b nhit v ngn chn
qu trnh t chy v phng din ha hc).
2.3.4.5 H thng cha chy hng thy
H thng cha chy hng thy, i khi cn c xem nh h thng cha chy
tc nhn sch, c th s dng cho cc ha hon cp A, B v C. H thng
cha chy tc nhn sch dng kh c hiu qu cao trong cc khu vc b gii
hn, che y nh Data Center l mt mi trng l tng. N
thng tn khng qu 10 giy cc tc nhn thot ra v trn y phng.
Cc tc nhn thng c cc b p lc (hoc bnh nn xy-lanh).
S lng b s dng ph thuc vo tng s lng phng c bo v cng nh
lng tc nhn s dng. Cc khu vc b che khut trong Data Center hin din
mi e da to ln v ha hon. Nu cc ng dy in b h hi, hoc thng
lng hoc c bo tr km cc khu vc m rng, s kim
tra bng mt thng thng s l ra cc vn v cc sa cha cn c
thc hin. Nhng vic pht hin ra mt vn trong khu vc khp kn th kh
khn hn rt nhiu. Khng nh cc h thng dp tt bng nc, cc tc nhn
dng kh tip cn n nhng ni kh nht nh bn trong t thit b. Sau cht
kh v cc th phm ca n c th thot ra ngoi ra Data Center vi nhng nh
hng rt t n mi trng v khng c d lng.
Hnh 2.3.10 M t h thng cha chy hng thy
Cc tc nhn ny khng dn in, khng n mn v vi loi c th
an ton c phng ra khu vc ng ngi. Ci tn tc nhn sch thng
c s dng bi n khng li d lng v khng gy ra s h hi ph
thm.
Tc nhn cha chy l hp cht ha hc dng kh m dp tt c ngn la
bng cch bp nght th hoc loi b nhit. Vi mt cn phng khp kn, b
che ph, cc tc nhn kh rt c hiu qu trong vic cha chy v khng li
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d lng. (Lu : trc y nhng nm 1960, Halo 1301 c s dng rng
ri nh mt tc nhn kh hiu qu trong vic cha chy, tuy nhin v sau nm
1994, th cht ny b cm s dng do c tc dng lm suy gim tng zn).
Cc tc nhn khi c chia lm hai loi: cc kh tr v cc hp cht Flo.
(Tn gi cc tc nhn ny c ch nh theo tiu chun NFFPA 2001, cc tn
thng thng trong ngoc l tn thng mi thng c gi).
a. Cc kh tr
Mc d cn c cc kh tr khc c ph duyt bi NFPA 2001: IG-55 (Pro-
Inert), v IG-541 (Inergen) c chp nhn v s dng rng ri hin ny. Cc
tc nhn kh tr c lit k trong NFPA 2001 bao gm: Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2), IG-55 (Argonite), IG-100 (Nitrogen) v IG-01 (Argon).
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide hay CO2 l kh tr, n lm gim nng Oxy cn thit cho
vic duy tr ngn la bng cch thc chuyn i t nhin. Bi CO2 nng hn
kh Oxy, n chim ly b mt ngn la v bp ngt n. iu lm loi tc
nhn ny khng an ton thot ra cc khu vc ng ngi. Theo nh tiu
chun (NFPA 12), n khng c s dng trong khu vc ng ngi, do vy
khng c khuyn dng cho Data Center. Nu c s dng trong khu vc
ny bi khng c s thay th ph hp no c th dng, th mt k hoch s tn
hp l phi c t ra v cc c ch an ton dng thng bo cho nhn vin
v s tn khi khu vc trc thi im vn hnh h thng cha chy.
CO2 khng dn in v khng gy h hi. Nhng mt bt li khc l lng
ln thng cha tch tr c yu cu phng ra hiu qu. CO2 c cha
trong cc b dng kh v chim dung tch gp 4 ln so vi dung tch Halon
1301, iu ny l s chn tt cho bt k Data Center no nh
gi cao v khng gian. Mt vi ng dng cc phng my bin p, cc
phng chuyn i, cc vm cable, my pht in v cc quy trnh cng nghip.
IG-55 (Pro-Inert) v IG-541 (Inergen)
Pro-Inert l mt kh tr bao gm 50% Argon v 50% Nitrogen. Inergen l kh
tr bao gm 52% Nitrogen, 40% Argon v 8% Carbon Dioxide, tt c u vn
c tm thy trong khng kh. V vy, n c suy gim zn (ODP Ozone
Depletion Potential) bng khng, kh nng lm nng ton cu thp chp nhn
c v khng to ra bt k sn phm nguy hi no ca qu trnh phn hy. N
cng khng dn in v khng li d lng, v an ton khi thot ra khu vc
ng ngi. N c ct gi dng kh trong cc b p lc cao v c t
cch xa ti 91 m khi khu vc c bo v.
Mt thun li c tnh n l cc kh tr c mt dung tch gp 10 ln so vi
nhng la chn khc c th s dng hin nay. Hn na, gim thiu lng
lu tr cn thit cho h thng bo v nhiu phng, cc b chn lc van kha c
th c dng hng tc nhn n khu c bo ng.
Cc kh tr c s dng trong Data Center, cc vn phng vin thng v cc
ng dng quan trng khc nhau.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
b. Cc hp cht Flo
Mc d c cc tc nhn thay th c ph duyt bi NFPA 2001: FK-5-1-12
(3M Novec 1230), HFC-125 (ECARO-25 / FE-25), v HFC-227ea (FM-200 /
FE-227) c s dng rng ri v nh mt tc nhn thng mi dng cho vic
bo v cc ti sn c gi tr cao.
FK-5-1-12 (Novec 1230)
C ODP bng khng v tc ng lm m ton cu cc k thp. c ct gi
dng cht lng, khng mu v gn nh khng mi. Mc d ti nhit trong
phng n l cht lng, n c phun ra ra dng kh khng dn in m khng
li d lng v khng nguy hi cho nhng ngi c mt ; tuy vy, nh bt
k tnh hung cha chy khc, tt c mi ngi phi s tn khi khu vc
ngay khi c m thanh bo ng. H thng FK-5-1-12 c cng mt
yu cu
khng gian ct gi nh cc tc nhn halocarbon thng thng.
HFC-227ea (FM-200 / FE-227)
HFC-227ea c ODP bng khng v tc ng lm m ton cu cc
k thp. c ct gi dng cht lng, khng mu v gn nh khng mi.
Mc d ti nhit trong phng n l cht lng, n c phun ra ra dng kh
khng dn in m khng li d lng v khng nguy hi cho nhng
ngi c mt ; tuy vy, nh bt k tnh hung cha chy khc, tt c mi
ngi phi s tn khi khu vc ngay khi c m thanh bo ng. N c th
c s dng vi cao ln ti 4.9 m v khng gian ct gi gp 1.7 ln dung
tch ca Halon 1301.
2.3.5 Nt nhn bo chy v cc thit b tn hiu
Nt nhn bo chy cho php ngi hin din thng bo cho mi ngi trong ta
nh v ha hon. Nhng ci ny nn c t ti mi li thot him v mt khi
nhn th c th thng bo n b phn cha chy. Nt nhn bo chy i khi l
cch tt nht nhn bit c m chy trong giai on ban u ca n.
Hnh 2.3.11 Nt nhn bo chy
Cc thit b tn hiu c kch hot sau nt nht bo chy hoc sau khi thit b
d tm a ra tnh trng bo ng. Thit b tn hiu a ra mt lot m thanh
hoc tc ng th gic cho nhng ngi c mt bn trong ta nh nh mt tn
hiu s tn khi khu vc. Cc m thanh c th bao gm ci h, chung reo,
ging ni cnh bo. Tm truyn t m thanh t 75 dBA ti 100 dBA.
Cc thit b tn hiu th gic ch yu thng bo cho nhng ngi
khim thnh. nh sng nhp nhy thng kt hp vi mt n nhy Xenon c
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
bo
v bng lp bc plastic. N c thit k vi cng sng khc nhau c o
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
bng n v candela (cd). Tn s nhy ti thiu cho cc nh snh
nn l 1
ln/giy.
Hnh 2.3.12 Cc thit b tn hiu bo chy
2.3.6 H thng iu khin
Bt k s lng cc sn phm d tm v cha chy trong ta nh, chng s l
v dng nu khng c mt h thng iu khin, thng c bit nh l bng
iu khin bo ng ha hon (FACP Fire Alarm Control Pannel). Cc
h thng iu khin l u no cho mng li phng cha chy ca
ta nh. Mi h thng c phn tch sau c trnh by bi h thng iu
khin bo ng chy. Cc bng bo ng c th l cc bng iu khin thng
thng hoc
l cc bng iu khin thng minh nh a ch vi cc thit b d tm cng loi
(thng thng / thng minh c nh a ch) v vi cng giao thc thng tin.
Hnh 2.3.13 H thng iu khin phng nga ha hon
Ty thuc vo bng iu khin, n c iu chnh cc mc nhy cm ca
c thnh phn khc nhau nh cc thit b d tm khi v c th lp trnh ch
bo ng sau khi mt trnh t s kin nht nh c din ra. Cc chng trnh
my tnh c s dng bi cc h thng ny cho php ngi dng thit lp thi
gian tr hon nht nh,cc ngng gii hn, mt khu, v cc tnh nng khc.
Cc bo co c th c to ra t cc bng iu khin thng minh, qua c th
nng cao hiu sut h thng phng cha chy (nh vic c th xc nh cc
cm bin h hng).
Mt khi thit b d tm, nt nhn bo chy hoc mt cm bin c kch hot
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
th h thng iu khin t ng thit lp mt danh sch cc quy tc c lp
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
trnh thc hin. N cng c th cung cp cc thng gi tr cho nhng ngi
c trch nhim.
2.3.7 Trang thit b c nhim quan trng
Vi tt c thnh phn phng cha chy c nh r, bc cui cng l em
chng gn vi nhau to ra mt gii php mnh m v c sn sng cao cho
Data Center. iu quan trng cn ch l trong cc loi thit b d tm, thit b
cha chy v cc tc nhn dng kh nh trnh by, khng phi tt c u c
khuyn dng cho Data Center.
Danh sch cc thnh phn sau y cho Data Center vi mc tiu thi gian hot
ng 7x24x365:
Thit b d tm ti ch thng thng
Thit b d tm ti ch thng minh
Thit b d tm ly mu khng kh (VESD)
Cc bnh cha chy
H thng cha chy hng thy
Tc nhn sch thay th Halo
Nt nhn bo chy
Cc thit b tn hiu
H thng iu khin / bng iu khin bo ng ha hon (FACP)
S d tm ti ch vi thit b d tm quang in c iu khin bi bng iu
khin (thng thng hoc thng minh) nn c s dng. Cc thit b d tm
nn c t di sn nng cng nh trong mi trng chnh. Mt cu hnh d
tm tun t nn c s dng. Ti bo ng ban u khng nn kch hot h
thng cha chy, m nn thc y h thng iu khin pht ra cnh bo . Khi
thit b d tm tip theo a ra bo ng, n s cung cp xc nhn v ha hon
ti h thng iu khin v bng iu khin s bt u mt trnh t kch hot
h thng cha chy ti ch. Vic kch hot nt nhn bo chy s kch hot s
gii phng lp tc cho h thng cha chy thng qua bng iu khin bo ng
ha hon.
Cc h thng d tm khi ly mu khng kh d phng nn c thit lp bn
di cng nh bn trn sn nng. Ton b h thng d tm phi a ra tnh
trng bo ng trc khi h thng cha chy hng thy c phng ra. Khuyn
khch vic dng cc thit b d tm ti ch thng minh v tr ng thng hi v
ng x ca mi n v CRAC. Nu bt k h thng ng dn no c trong ta
nh, th cc thit b d tm khi ng dn nn c thit lp. Hn na, trnh
vic bt ng phng tc nhn cha chy, khng mt bo ng c nhn no c th
kch hot vic phng ra. Phn ln cc h thng tc nhn sch thay
th Halon c s dng hin nay nh HFC-125 (ECARO-25 / FE-25) v
HFC-
227ea (FM-200 / FE-227) bi d lng nh v hiu qu ca n.
Ngoi h thng cha chy hng thy, quy nh cha chy c th yu cu
mt h thng cha chy vi phun sprinkler. Trong trng hp ny, n phi l
h thng pre- action trnh cc h hi ngu nhin do nc gy ra
cho Data Center. Cc bnh cha chy nn t khp ni trong Data Center
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v kt hp vi cc quy
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nh cha chy a phng. Nn c cc nt nhn bo chy cng nh cc thng
bo ch dn mi li thot him v cc thit b tn hiu t khp ni trong Data
Center c kh nng thng bo cho tt c nhn vin bn trong v ha hon.
Bng iu khin bo ng ha hon nn c kh nng chu li, cho
php lp trnh v c kh nng gim st tt c cc thit b. Nu bn iu khin
m nhim nhiu khu vc phng chy, tt c cc thit b d tm nn c
nh a ch cho php h thng iu khin c th xc nh mt cch
chnh xc v tr bo ng. H thng iu khin l cn thit cho hiu sut ca
h thng phng cha ha hon. N phi phi hp trnh t cc s kin thc
hin ngay khi c bo ng ban u. V tt nhin, tt c mi th s khng y
nu khng c cc vn bn v cc th tc tnh hung khn cp hiu qu,
c cng c vi cc t
tp hun thng xuyn cho ton b nhn vin.
2.3.8 Cc thc thi tt nht cho doanh nghip
a. Danh sch cc thc thi khuyn dng
m bo Data Center c xy dng cc xa cc kin trc m c th gy
ra mi e da ha hon cho Data Center.
Cc th tc khn cp nn dn trn tt c cc bng thng bo v
bng iu khin h thng bo ng ha hon.
H thng bo ng ha hon nn kt hp nhiu giai on cnh bo.
Mt h thng lc khi phi c thit lp.
Tt c bng in t phi khng b rng buc bi bt k cn tr no.
Tt c cc nt EPO (Emergency Power Off) v nt nhn bo chy phi
c dn nhn thch hp trnh bt k s nhm ln.
Tt c v tr bnh cha chy phi c xc nh r rng v
cung cp thng tin v loi m chy s dng n.
Cc khe h trn tng phi c bao ph vi cht bt kn chu la c
ph duyt.
Mi li thot him nn c mt danh sch cc s in thoi khn cp r
rng.
Thc thi mt chnh sch khng ht thuc trong cc phng IT v phng
iu khin.
H thng EPO khng nn c kch hot bi bo ng ha hon.
H thng cha chy nn phi c thit k vi kh nng bo tr c
lu . Cc thnh phn thay th v cc hng d tr phi c
ct gi ng khu vc. Cc h thng phi c tip cn d dng.
Cho php duy tr hot ng cc n v CRAC khi h thng cha chy
ang tnh trng bo ng.
Cc vi phun sprikler pre-action nn c thit lp trong Data
Center
(nu c yu cu) cng nh trong cc hng lang.
Cung cp ngun nc ph cho cc vi phun sprinker.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Cc u vi phun sprinker nn t lm vo trn nh trnh phun nc
bt ng.
Cc Data Center nn khng c thng rc.
Cc trang b vn phng trong Data Center phi c lm bng kim loi
(Gh c th l loi lt nm ch ngi).
Cc vt dng d tr nh giy, a nha, dy buc nn c hon
ton trong t kim loi kn.
Tt c nhn vin phi c hun luyn k lng v ton b cc thit b
d tm v v h thng phng cha chy trong khp Data Center. Vic
hun luyn ny nn c thc hin u n.
Cc ng ng dn kh t cc b phn khc ca ta nh khng bao gi
nn i qua Data Center. Nu khng khi th cc van gim phi c s
dng ngn chn la lan sang khu vc Data Center.
Cc ng ng dn nc t cc b phn ca ta nh cng khng bao gi
nn i qua khu vc Data Center.
Khng c c cc dy ni m rng hoc dy in c t pha di
cc thit b, thm vi hoc bt k vt che ph khc.
Cc khu vc my tnh phi tch bit vi cc phng khc bi kin trc c
kh nng chng ha hon t kt cu sn ti tng nh (hoc mi nh).
Trnh t khu vc my tnh lin k vi cc khu vc c cc hot ng
nguy him c thc thi.
b. Cc li ph bin
Mt s li thng gp vi h thng phng cha ha hon Data Center:
H thng cha chy t ng ngng hot ng n v CRAC. iu ny
khin cho thit b vi tnh tr nn qu nng.
S dng cc tc nhn cha chy bng ha cht kh cha chy phng
my tnh s lm h hi cc thit b my tnh (c th cha chy hiu qu
nhng li d lng bm trn thit b)
cc cht liu d chy bn di sn nng.
Phn ln cc m chy vi cc trang thit b c nhim c th ngn chn nu
cc li ph bin c ngn nga v cc thit b d tm c ch nh hp l v
c gim st. Sai st do con ngi ng vai tr ln trong vic ngn nga cc
him ha ha hon v phi c loi tr thng qua vic tp hun v cc th tc
c thc thi.
2.4 H thng mng cable
2.4.1 Kh nng chu ng c hc
iu u tin v trc nht, mt mng cable phi c vai tr nh mt vt
hiu qu v bn vng cho cc dy cable.
Hiu sut c hc ca tt c sn phm v ph kin phi c kim tra vi cc
yu cu nghim ngt c quy nh bi tiu chun quc t IEC-61537.
2.4.1.1 Trng ti hot ng an ton cho h thng mng cable
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
mc ni bng 1/5 chiu di m rng. bin dng c o ti chnh gia ca
phn m rng. Trng ti hot ng an ton (SWL Safe Working Load) c
coi l gi tr thp nht ca:
Trng ti c th gy ra s bin dng mc 1/200 phn m rng.
Trng ti ph v c chia cho 1.7 nu bin dng khng t mc 1/200.
Hnh 2.4.1 Trng ti an ton cho mng cable
2.4.1.2 Trng ti hot ng an ton cho cc ph kin
Cc chn c phn loi bi trng ti c cho php (theo n v daN)
Tt c phi c kim tra v tun theo tiu chun IEC-61537 vi quy tc:
F : l ti trng p dng cho ph kin.
d : l khong cch gi trc mc treo v vt ti.
T : l xon (n v daN.m) p dng cho mc treo.
Cng thc tnh:
Tng F =F1 +F2 +F3 (ti lng treo chp nhn)
Tng T =F1.d1 +F3.d3 F2 ( xon chp nhn)
Hnh 2.4.2 Trng ti an ton cho ph kin mng cable
2.4.2 V tr cc b ni (p dng chung cho tt c cc m rng)
t hiu sut tt nht t mng cable, ngoi vic chn b ni th v tr ca n
cng l mt la chn quan trng.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
t kt qu tt nhn, v tr cc b ni ti 1/5 chiu di dc theo phn m rng
Nu s mc ni mc L/2, mt h s 0.7 nn p dng cho trng ti chp nhn
Khng bao gi t cc ct di b ni
Hnh 2.4.2 V tr cc b ni
2.4.3 V tr cc ct
V tr cc ph kin c lp t ph thuc vo s thay i v tr v nh hng
ca mng cable:
t ct ti ch trc bt k s bin dng ca ng mng cable.
Khuyn ngh t ct ti u v cui mi un cong 90
o
. Mt ct
phi c t ti v tr chnh gia cc un cong c bn knh ln.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Hnh 2.4.3 V tr cc ct
2.4.4 Cc x l kim loi v b mt mng cable
S n mn khng c kim sot l mt vn thng xuyn vi
cc ng dng lin quan n kim loi, n c th dn s suy gim hiu sut
v tui th ca thit b.
Cc mng cable thng tip xc phn ln vi s n mn trong khng kh, mi
trng m cc mng cable c lp t. Do vy, cn c tiu ch chnh yu cho
la chn x l b mt hoc loi kim loi.
2.4.4.1 S n mn
Cc khc bit tim n c biu th n v mV
bn di ng k , cc kim loi lin quan b ph hy
Hnh 2.4.4 Mi khc bit gia cc thnh phn kim loi
S n mn l kt qu ca hin tng in ha c gy ra bi mt s khc bit
tim n gia cc kim loi khc nhau, hoc gia kim loi vi cc tp cht khi
gia chng c lin kt in t. l iu quan trng cn phi nh cho hin
tng in ha ny, nu mun m bo cho vic la chn tt nht vi cc thit
b ph tr, gia c hay ni t.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Bng sau y m bo cc x l b mt ph hp:
Khung dy mng cable Ph kin
EZ/PG EZ/GS
GC GC/DC
304L 304L & 316L
316L 316 L
Hnh 2.4.5 S tng xng thnh phn kim loi
2.4.4.2 Thp trng
S bo v thp l mt qu trnh chuyn ha. Km, di tip xc vi mt tc
nhn oxy ha c bin i thnh km-hydrocarbonate (trng) do bo v
cho thp.
Khuyn ngh
Kh thi
Lp t bn trong,
mi trng bnh thng
Lp t bn ngoi,
mi trng th
Cng nghip ha cht,
cht n Ni-trat,
Mi trng bin/ khc nghit/ c
lu hunh
Mi trng axit/kim
Mi trng tip xc thc phm
Mi trng Halogen
Hnh 2.4.6 Bng m t thp trng tng thch mi trng
Trng km lin tc trc khi gia cng bng cch s
dng
quy trnh m in Sendzimir.
Tiu chun EN 10244-2: PG (khung dy)
Tiu chun EN 10327: GS (cc thnh phn ph)
Trc khi gia cng, mt lp bao ph km c ph ngoi bng
vic ngm lin tc cc tm hoc dy thp. V b ngoi cc thnh
phn gi s tr trn mn v c mu xm.
Trng km in sau khi gia cng
Tiu chun EN 12329
Mng cable, c gia cng bng vic dng cc dy thp cha x
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
l, c ty g v sau ngm trong mt cht in phn c cha
km. Km sau c ph ln trn bi thng qua
dng in chuyn di. Mt b ngoi xanh-xm mn, kh bng
thu c mc nhiu hay t ph thuc vo gi tr pH ca
b in c
s dng. Mu sc v bng khng c tc ng tch cu hay
tiu cc n s gim thiu n mn ca lp ph.
Trng km nhng nng sau khi gia cng
Tiu chun EN ISO 14 61
Mng cable hay cc ph kin, c gia cng t cc tm
hoc dy thp cha x l, c ty nhn v g trc khi
ngm vo mt b km nng chy. Ton b sn phm sau
c ph mt lp km dy. Thu c b ngoi mt mu xm
trng, hi th.
Geomet
Geomet l s x l da trn km v nhm. V khng c cha
bt k Crm ha tr VI, nn n tun theo ch th RoHS
tng ng cho GC; n c s dng cho cc ph kin nh kh
cho m km nhng nng.
Thp khng g 304L
Tiu chun EN 10088 AISI 304L X2CrNi18.08 1.4307
a ra kh nng chng n mn tt vi nc thng, mi trng
bnh thng v cc sn phm thc thm (tr ru v m tt)
Thp khng g 316L
Tiu chun EN 10088 AISI 316L
X2CrNiMo17.12.2
1.4404
V c cha molybdenum, thp khng g 316L c
kh nng chng n mn gia cc ht tinh th, lm cho n c
bit ph hp vi cc ha cht cng nghip, v mi trng
c cha halogen (Flo v Clo).
Hnh 2.4.7 Bng m t cc phng php trng thp
2.4.5 Tng thch in t (EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility)
Nhiu in t c pht ra t mt ngun l gy nhiu cho nn nhn. Nhiu
in t c lan truyn bi mt qu trnh c gi l s mc ni.
Mt vn v EMC ch xy ra khi c ba yu t ngun, s mc ni v nn nhn
l iu hin nhin. t c mt EMC tt, ch n gin l cn phi loi mt
trong ba yu t hoc gim tc dng ca n.
NGUN
MC NI NN
NHN
Ngun gm: hp iu bin tn s, di ng, thit b chiu sng, cable ngun
Nn nhn gm: h thng IT, thit b vin thng, cable d liu
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Hnh 2.4.8 M t cc yu t lin quan n EMC
85
i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Cc quy tc quan trng:
Cn gi cho cable ngun v cable d
liu ring bit
m bo cc ng cable khc nhau
vt cho nhau ng gc (90
o
)
Bo m s lin tc in t c duy
tr: dng mng cable v b ni bng
kim loi.
Kt ni cc mng cable vo mng ni
t (15-20 m)
Hnh 2.4.9 Cc quy tc quan trng cho mng cable
La chn cu trc m d dng bo m chnh xc s ngn cch bng vic
kim tra trc quan; d dng lp t v kt cu kim loi bo m cho s lin tc
in t trong tt c cc trng hp: mc ni, un cong, thay i v tr, vt
tng
Hnh 2.4.10 Cu trc mng cable ph hp
2.4.6 S lin tc in t
S lin tc in t ca mt h thng l kh nng dn dng in. Mi h thng
c m t bng in tr R ca n.
Nu R =0, h thng l mt vt dn in hon ho.
Nu R v cc th h thng l vc cch in hon ho.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
in tr ca h thng cng thp, th lin tc in t cng tt.
S quan trng ca vic c s lin tc in t hon hon:
m bo an ton cho ngi v ti sn: trnh c cc ri ro v in git.
Gp phn t c EMC tt trong qu trnh lp t: bng vic gim cc dng
in nhiu pht ra do giao thoa.
2.4.7 Mng ni t
Mng ni t c to thnh t cc thnh phn kim loi ca ta nh c kt
ni vo nhau. Bao gm: x nh, ng ng dn, mng cable, khung kim loi
hay cc thit b. Tt c phi c kt ni m bo mng ni t l ng th.
H thng ni t ng th hot ng nh mt h thng ng dn lan truyn cc
dng in li hoc in xung qu cao xung t. p ng ny cho php bo v
ngi v ti sn; t c mc hiu nng EMC tha ng.
Do vy, hng li t nhng li im to ln v gii hn an ton v EMC,
mng cable kim loi phi c ni vi h thng ni t c mi chiu di 15m.
Ni mng cable ngn hn 15m, th kt thc ca mng cable phi c kt ni
vo h thng ni t.
Vai tr ca dy dn bo v: p ng s n gin v hiu qu cho vic
kt ni mng cable xung ni t.
Hnh 2.4.11 M t mng ni t
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Cc ph kin chuyn dng cho ni t:
Grifequip: u ni n gin v hiu qu chi ph, c
lm bng nhm m thic. S dng cho dy dn bo v
vi tit din 6 v 35 mm
2
.
Grifequip 2: D dng lp t vi mt cht i cho dy
dn bo v tit din 6 v 35 mm
2
.
Bimetal-terminal: u ni lng kim cho ni t an
ton mt thi gian di. Dng cho dy dn bo v vi
tit din 16, 35 v 50 mm
2
.
Bimetal-terminal v ph kin terminal: ph hp
phn ln cc thng s k thut yu cu.
Hnh 2.4.12 M t ph kin chuyn dng cho ni t
2.4.8 Phng cha chy
2.4.8.1 Kh nng chu la
Theo tiu chun nh gi, ton b h thng mng cable, ph kin v cc dy
cable c th nghim trong l t vi mt thi gian 30, 60 hay 90 pht ti
nhit hn 1000
o
C. Vic kim tra a ra xc minh m bo cho h thng c
th chu la lu di, h tr cho trng hp ha hon.
Thi hn chu la
Chng nhn
>30 pht
E 30
>60 pht
E 60
>90 pht
E 90
Hnh 2.4.13 Bng nh gi kh nng chu la ca mng cable
2.4.8.2 Khc phc chy lan qua h thng mng cable
Phn ln cc khe h trn tng v v bc ngoi cable d chy khin cc m
chy tr nn nghim trng, bi chng m rng khp ni trong ton b ta nh
nn cho php m chy lan rng d dng.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Hn na, s khi phc ton vn khu vc sau khi chy l mt iu quan trng
vi yu cu hiu sut nh ban u.
Gii php:
Cc phng php cha la thng thng
Cc sn phm chng chy lan thng thng: c lm t bt hay va h. Bt
li ca sn phm ny l cc ch trt kn phi b ph b trong trng hp b
sung thm cable. Khng c chc chn v tnh ton vn ca bc tng s lm n
khng th thc hin c cc yu cu phng cha chy.
Thit b chng chy lan EZ-Path
Thit b c cha sn bt phng, cho php phn ng t pht 177
o
C
tr ln hoc khi tip xc trc tip vi ngn la. Ch vi cha n 1 pht, bt
n rng n 16 ln, lp y khong trng bt k v ng cng li, do vy bt
kn ng dn lm hn ch chy lan, bo v ngi v ti sn hiu qu. Hn
na, vic lp
t d dng cho php thay i h thng cable ti bt k thi im
no m khng s phng cha chy thay th.
Hnh 2.4.14 Thit b chng chy lan EZ-Path
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
CHNG 3: TNG QUAN HOCH NH XY DNG H
THNG
C S DATACENTER
3.1 Quy trnh d n Data Center
Mt d n xy dng Data Center c th ln hoc nh, xy dng mi hoc ci to
n, thc hin ton b hoc ch mt phn. N c th lin quan ti s thay i
v kch thc phng c hoc cch b tr hoc cng sut in, s gia tng v
mt in, s thit k li kin trc ngun in hoc vic lm mt, hoc bt k
mt s thay i no n c s h tng vt l ca Data Center. Bt chp kch c
hoc bn cht ca d n, s thc hin thnh cng ph thuc khng ch vo s
u t v thit lp trang thit b cho h thng, m hn na cn da trn quy
trnh dn dt d n thng qua s khai trin v thc thi ca n, t tng cho
n vn hnh.
tng ca quy trnh chun ha dn hng cho vic to ra h thng khng
phi l mi, nhng s quan trng ca n vi s thnh cng ca d n c s h
tng ca Data Center ch c hiu phn u. Cng nh tiu chun
ca h thng vt l lm ci thin tin cy v y nhanh s trin
khai, quy trnh chun ha cng gp phn ng k vo ton b thnh cng v
d ton ca d n
v h thng n to ra.
NHU CU
HOCH NH XY DNG
DOANH
NGHIP
CHUN B THIT K TIP NHN TRIN KHAI
Hnh 3.1.1 Quy trnh d n Data Center
H THNG
3.1.1 Cc yu t cu thnh d n
Mt d n l bt k s thay i ng k cn mt dng trt t cc nhim
v - mt quy trnh t chc v qun l s thc thi. Theo nh ngha ny,
vic xy dng mt Data Center hoc phng my ch mi r rng l mt d n.
Vic b sung thm cc rack cho cc server mi thng cng l mt
d n,
nhng thm mt rack vo Data Center hin hnh th chc chn khng l mt d
n.
Cc c im sau thng dng a s nng cp Data Center ln tm d
n:
S thay i v kin trc ngun in hoc vic lm mt
a ra cc ri ro
Cn thit cho s hoch nh hoc sp xp
Cn thit ngng hot ng thit b
3.1.2 S cn thit mt quy trnh chun ha
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Vn ln ph bin cho nhiu d n Data Center l lng ph thi gian, lng ph
ngn sch, hay cc li do s sai st trong quy trnh: vic kim sot b b qua,
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
trch nhim khng r rng, cc quyt nh sai lch, v cc li khc ca vic
truyn t hay thc thi. iu ny khng nht thit l do cc sai st trong hot
ng ca nhng ngi tham gia khc nhau n d n - ngi dng cui, nh
cung cp phn cng, k s thit k - m ng hn l thiu mt s bao qut, mt
quy trnh c chia s, dn dt tt c ngi tham gia nh mt nhm, lm r cc
trch nhim v s truyn t. Mi nguy hi ca mt quy trnh phi chun ha
hoc khng tn ti to ra chui chi ph v s chm tr v ch v
c s tht vng:
Cht lng gim
Chi ph tng cao
Thi gian lng ph
Ti liu khng y
Vic kim tra khng y
Dch v suy gim
Phn ln cc sai st bc l sau cng nhng giai on cui ca d n hoc sau
khi d n honh thnh k cc kt qu tht bi doanh nghip khng phi do
bi cc vn v thnh phn vt l ca h thng c xy dng, m do bi cc
quyt nh thc hin hoch nh h thng v bi cc sai st trong quy trnh
m t h thng c trin khai.
Mt quy trnh chun ha c thit k tt c thng tin v cu trc gn lin
trnh cc vn nh vy, c cc giai on hoch ch v ti mi bc
theo
phng hng d n hon thnh. Kt qu l gim c vic chnh sa, chu
trnh thi gian nhanh, v mt h thng c trin khai sau cng nh mong i,
khng gy s c bt ng no.
3.1.3 S chun ha vi s ty bin
Quy trnh chun ha c m t y khng ngha l mi d n u nh nhau,
hay mi quy trnh phi chnh xc nh mt. N ch a ra mt khun kh thc
t tt nht v nguyn tc cho kin trc quy trnh thit yu m c th c sa
li cho hp vi d n. Khng phi ton b cc bc trong m t
quy trnh chun ha ny s c thc hin cho mi d n. Nh vi bt k
mt d n nhanh chng, quy trnh ny c t chc thnh cc n v module
(thnh cc bc, vi cc nhim v ca tng bc), ci c th c chn lc
cu hnh hay loi b, ty thuc vo cc yu cu ca d n.
S ty bin thng qua s cu hnh ca kin trc module, chun ha
l mt chin lc qua thi gian kim nh.
Cc c s h tng vt l Data Center cng nghip hng ti thit k module,
chun ha v cc thit b phn cng t c cc kt qu d on, hiu qu
v ng tin cy. Tng t, cc li ch doanh nghip do quy trnh module, chun
ha xy dng h thng m ra.
3.1.4 Cu trc c bn ca mt quy trnh d n
Quy trnh d n bt u vi nhu cu doanh nghip, c th l s gii thch
rp ni lng lo v mt vn doanh nghip, hay mt vi s trnh by chung
chung (VD: Cn mt trung tm sao lu d liu).
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
D n tin dn qua cc giai on quy trnh c xc nh r rng - Chun B,
Thit K, Tip Nhn, Trin Khai Cc nhim v c thc hin, thi gian ph
thuc vo s qun l, thng tin c chuyn ti ni cn n vo ng thi im,
s chuyn giao phi ng b, v kt qu cui cng ca quy trnh l
mt h thng c trin khai v hot ng y .
Hai giai on u tin cu thnh phn HOCH NH ca quy trnh (chuyn i
nhu cu ban u thnh thit k chi tit v danh sch cc thnh phn cho
xut u t). Hai giai on sau l phn XY DNG ca quy trnh (tin hnh
d n t vic tip nhn phn cng n h thng vn hnh).
3.1.4.1 Cc c im thit yu ca quy trnh
Bt chp phng php c bit no c s dng, quy trnh phi dn dt d n
hiu qu, ng tin cy, d nm bt, vi cc bin php an ton thch hp loi
tr cc vn nh s bn giao thiu st, trch nhim khng r rng v tht lc
thng tin. N nn bao gm cc chin lc cho vic qun l cc s c ngoi
mun nh cc thay i d n v cc thiu st. N nn c module ha v cu
hnh n c th iu chnh cho cc d n khc dng v kch c.
Mt quy trnh chun ha tha cc yu cu chung trn s c cc c im sau:
Mi hot ng cn thit cho vic hon thnh d n c bao gm trong
quy trnh.
Mi bc c xc nh r rng kt qu v u ra.
Mi kt qu to c phi l u vo ca bc khc,hoc l kt qu cui
cng ca d n. Khng n lc no l c hao ph cho kt qu
khng lin quan m khng ng vo quy trnh hoc cho kt qu sau
cng ca
d n.
Mi bc ca quy trnh phi phn nh r rng quyn s
hu trch nhim, khng nn mp m cc quyn khng cho php hoc
khng c th cho cc bc.
Khng ph v hoc b trng gia cc bc - bi mi bc lin quan n
cc iu kin tin quyt v cc bc trnh t con bi d liu u vo v
kt qu ca n. Khi mt bc nhn c tt c d liu u vo, n c
th hon thnh nhim v ca n v cho ra kt qu m cc bc khc ph
thuc vo n.
C cc chc nng khng ng b c bit c duy tr trng thi
ch trong sut tin trnh ca d n, gii quyt mt cch h thng vi
cc thay i khng mong mun hoc sa cha sai st.
Cc bc c th c loi b thit lp quy trnh thch hp vi d n
c th.
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H
n
h
3
.
1
.
2
c
g
i
a
i
n
c
a
q
u
y
t
r
n
h
d
n
D
a
t
a
C
e
n
t
e
r
3.1.4.2 Cc giai on, cc bc v cc mc quan trng
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
3.1.4.3 Cc hot ng khng ng b
Ngoi cc bc thc thi thng qua cc tin trnh d kin ca d n, th cn thit
phi c c cu tin trnh x l nhng s kin bt ng. Cc hot ng bt
ng b ny c th c kch hot bt k lc no trong sut d n.
a. Cc thay i d n
S thay i l mt phn ca d n. Do vy tin trnh phi c thit k iu
chnh cc thay i m khng to ra sai ht, tr hon hoc chi ph khng
cn thit. Cc thay i c th l do d liu mi m cha c nhn din trc
y: cc thay i v thit b hay dch v, hoc cc thay i trong yu cu h
thng ngi dng.
b. Sa cha sai st sn phm
Tt bt k thi im no sau khi vn chuyn n, mt phn h thng c th
tht lc, h hi hoc b hng. Khi trch nhim cho vic khc phc cc sai st
ny s ch yu l phn cn li ca nh cung cp, tin trnh phi chun b
trao i vi nh sn xut v gii quyt s tr hon trong thi gian sa cha.
c. Sa cha sai st thc thi
bt k mt thc thi no, c it l mt thc thi mi, cn phi c xem xt
mt cn c minh chng cho vic trin khai tin trin. Tht lc d liu, cc li
trnh t - thm ch l thiu bc- c th c pht hin trong qu trnh din
bin ca d n. Vi mt chin lc khi phc c hoch nh trc, s tr
hon v chi ph cho sai lm tin trnh c th c gim thiu.
Nh vi cc bc thc thi lin tc, cc hot ng bt ng b ny phi c
bn giao r rng cho ngi s hu m bo s lin tc c thc thi khi c s
kin bt ng xy ra.
D c xc nh v x l nh mt hot ng ring r hay kt hp vo cc nhim
v qun l d n, th cc th tc bt ng b c xc nh trc l rt cn
thit cho hiu qu v s thnh cng ca tin trnh thc hin d n.
3.1.4.4 Ni dung mi bc thc thi
Mi bc trong tin trnh l mt tp hp cc nhim v lin quan t ti mc
ch ca mi bc. Do vy, trong mi bc cn c nhng thnh phn cn thit
sau:
a. Quyn m nhim
Cc thnh phn tham giam m nhim thc thi bc ny. N c th nm
trong phm vi t chc ngi dng, hoc c p ng nh dch v bn ngoi
do nh cung cp thit b hoc nh cung cp dch v th ba.
b. Danh sch cng vic
Mt m t v nhim v, cng vic cn c thc hin hon thnh mi bc.
Cc nhim v xc nh cng vic thc t ca d n. Mi nhim v c cc ch
dn v danh sch kim tra cho tng hnh ng c th hon thnh. Cc nhim
v trong mi bc c xc nh bi loi d n, v bi cc yu t c s h
tng lin quan.
c. D liu u vo
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Cc d liu cn thit cng vic ca mi bc c hon thnh. Mi d liu
u vo ca mt bc l kt qu u ra ca bc trc n.
d. Kt qu u ra
D liu c to ra mi bc s cn thit nh l d liu u vo i vi cc
bc theo sau trong tin trnh.
Hng
dn
Kim
tra
D LIU
U VO
DANH SCH
NHIM V
KT QU
m nhim bi:...
BC THC THI
Hnh 3.1.3 Ni dung c bn ca mi bc thc thi
3.1.4.5 Qun l d n
Nh vi bt k d n doanh nghip, mt d n Data Center cn c s gim st
chuyn mn v chuyn dng, vi cc th tc vn bn m bo cc hot ng
quan trng ca d n nh v:
Tnh lin tc
Vic lp danh mc
Cc ngun cung cp
Ngn sch
Cc thay i h thng
Cc sai st tin trnh
Cc bo co hin trng
Vic y quyn cc nhim v qun l d n l yu t quan trng ca thit k
tin trnh, cn phi c xem xt v xc nh tin quyt, trc khi n thi gian
thc thi chng.
3.2 Phng php hoch nh
Trong d n xy dng (hoc nng cp) Data Center, cc hot ng hoch nh
u tin c xem l cc tim tng li ln nht. Phn ln cc khim
khuyt xut hin cc giai on sau ca d n khng phi do li cc thnh
phn thit
b ca h thng, m l bi ci thit st hay cc sai lch thng tin trong qu trnh
hoch nh. Tuy nhin, c th trnh cc vn ny bng cch c ng ngi
thc hin cc quyt nh hp l trong ng trnh t.
Vic hoch nh h thng ca d n bao gm giai on Chun B v Thit K, t
nn tng cho mi thc theo sau , ng vai tr quyt nh thnh cng cho
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
d n. Hai giai on ny s ra cc chi tit cho c h thng s c to ra v quy
trnh s to ra n.
Hoch nh quy trnh bao gm nhng th nh phn cng trch nhim, thit lp
qun l d n, da ra cc quyt nh thu bn ngoi h tr, ngn sch v lp
lch trnh.
Hoch nh h thng l gii quyt s thit lp trang thit b, kt qu xc thc
ca d n.
3.2.1 Trnh t hoch nh
Trnh t hoch nh h thng l dng logic v tng, hot ng v thng tin,
chuyn i t tng d n ban u thnh mt k hoch thit lp chi tit. Bao
gm trnh t nm nhim v din ra trong sut cc giai on Chun B v Thit
K ca d n.
Nm nhim v ny xy ra cng vi ni dung ca cc nhim v khc cn thit
cho vic tin hnh tng th d n nh phn tch ngn sch, vic thu cc nh
cung cp dch v, v cc xut pht sinh. Tuy vy, cc nhim v hoch nh
h thng to thnh trt t logic ca ring chng, c th tch ri v xem xt tng
ci. Khi tch bit nh vy, n tr nn d dng hnh dung v nm r dng
hot ng m bin i v tinh chnh tng thng thng thnh thit k h
thng chi tit.
HOCH NH
CHUN B THIT K
XY DNG
TIP NHN TRIN KHAI
NH GI NHU CU
Xem xt cc yu cu
doanh nghip v cc gi
nh
Xc nh cc thng s IT
Nhn bit cc phm vi ri
ro
M RNG TNG
M rng tng h thng
Lp d ton ngn sch
KHI NG D N
THIT LP CC YU CU
Xc nh cc yu cu ngi
dng
To bn chi tit k thut
GII PHP CU HNH
To thit k chi tit
HON CHNH K HOCH
Cc nhim v trong
TRNH T HOCH NH H THN
1. Xc nh cc thng s IT
2. M rng tng h thng
3. Xc nh cc yu cu ngi dng
4. To bn chi tit k thut
5. To thit k chi tit
XUT THC HIN
Hnh 3.2.1 Cc nhim v trong trnh t hoch nh
C mi nhim v ny ly d liu u vo, sau x l bin i hoc b sung
thm vo v chuyn n n cho nhim v tip theo.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
YU CU
DOANH NGHIP
Xc nh cc thng s IT
Hn mc
Cng sut
K hoch pht trin
M rng tng h thng
M h nh tham kho
Chn lc cc u tin Chn lc cc Hn ch
Xc nh yu cu ngi dng
Cc u tin
Cc Hn ch
To bn chi tit k thut
Bn chi tit k thut
To thit k chi tit
Thit k chi tit
Hnh 3.2.2 M t trnh t thc hin cc nhim v hoch nh
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
3.2.1.1 Nhim v th 1: Xc nh cc thng s
Nhim v ny bt u vi tng thng thng ca nhu cu doanh nghip c i
hi s thay i i vi kh nng ca t chc. T , xc nh s lc ba ci
nh lng k hoch cho vic ci thin (hoc dng mi). Ba th l Hn
Mc, Cng Sut, K Hoch Pht Trin. Tt c l c im ca hot ng IT
cho Data Center, khng phi l ca c s h tng thit b h tr n. Theo ,
cc thng s ny s c dng bt u m ra cc yu cu c s h tng thit
b cho Data Center.
HN MC CNG SUT
K HOCH
PHT TRIN
THIT K IT
M hnh
h thng ngun
v lm mt
M hnh
h thng mng
M hnh
Server/Storage
M hnh
Cc ng dng
Cng sut ngun cn thit Cng sut mng cn thit Cng sut Server/Stg cn thit
Hnh 3.2.3 Tc ng 3 thng s: Hn mc, Cng sut v K hoch pht trin
a. Hn Mc
Hn Mc c trnh din bi mt con s t 1 n 4 biu th mc hot ng
quan trng ca Data Center i vi doanh nghip, v mc chu ng down-
time. Hn Mc l mt phn m rng ca khi nim tng ng v
sn sng (Tier). Hn Mc c chn s xc nh cc c im chnh ca
kin trc
h thng, nh v s d phng h thng in v lm mt, cng nh s vng
chc ca gim st h thng v cc chi tit xy dng phng c khc nhau m c
nh hng n tin cy.
Hn
Mc
Cc c im doanh nghip
nh hng ti thit k h thng
1.
(Thp
nht)
Cc doanh nghip nh in hnh;
phn ln doanh thu t giao dch
tin mt; s hin din trc tuyn
hn ch; t ph thuc vo IT;
down-time c th chp nhn
c.
Nhiu im li n trong cc
kha cnh ca thit k; khng c
my pht in; d b tn hi vi
cc iu kin thi tit khc
nghit; thng khng th duy tr
hn 10 pht mt in.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
2.
C mt vi dch v giao dch trc
tuyn; c nhiu my ch; h
Mt vi d phng v h thng
in v lm mt; C my pht
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thng in thoi cn cho vic
kinh doanh; ph thuc v email;
c kh nng chng vi down-
time nh k.
in d phng; c kh nng duy
tr 24 gi mt in; c s xuy
xt ti thiu vi vic la chn v
tr; phng d liu chnh c
cch bit vi cc khu vc khc.
3.
Mang tnh ton cu; doanh thu
chnh t cc kinh doanh trc
tuyn; h thng in thoi VoIP;
ph thuc cao vo IT; hao ph
cao cho downtime; thng hiu
c cng nhn mc cao.
Hai hng a dng (active v
passive); Cc d phng h thng
in v lm mt; c kh nng
truy tr 72 gi mt in; c
hoch nh la chn v tr cn
thn; cho php hot ng bo tr
ng thi.
4.
(Cao
nht)
Mang tm doanh nghip hng
triu USD; doanh thu chnh t
cc gii quyt in t; ton b
m hnh kinh doanh ph thuc
vo IT; hao ph cc k ln cho
downtime
Hai hng a dng c lp; cc
h thng in v lm mt chun
2N; c kh nng duy tr 96 gi
mt in; tiu chun la chn v
tr cht ch; an ninh mc
cao; b phn bo tr thng
trc 24/7.
Hnh 3.2.4 Bng cp thng s Hn mc
b. Cng Sut
Thng s ny tr li cho cu hi n thun Cn mt Data Center ln c no?
Cng Sut c ni y l lng in ti a c c lng cho Data Center
trong sut thi gian hot ng. N khng phi l cng sut nng lng ca h
thng c s thit b c thit k theo trnh t hoch nh (m n s ln hn
nhiu) ng hn, l d on tt nht v lng in ti a s c p ng
trong thi gian Data Center hot ng. Con s ny s tr thng mt trong bn
thng s ca K Hoch Pht Trin.
c. K Hoch Pht Trin
K Hoch Pht Trin tht ra l bn thng s - mt tp hp bn con s m t
s gia tng d kin ca lng in s dng, th hin bng kW. Bn con s ny
t vic m t ti lng s dn dt thit k h thng nng lng. S gia tng
khng m bo trong tng lai c x l theo cch n gin bng vic p
ng c v ti lng sau cng ti a v ti lng sau cng ti thiu, v gi nh
ty chn ca mt thit k m rng c th t ti gi tr ti a trong s gia tng
theo thi gian.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Hoch nh cng sut h thng
kW
}
Phn d
Tiu th sau
cng ti a
Tiu th
ban u
Thi gian
khi ng
Tiu th sau
cng ti thiu
Thi gian
Hnh 3.2.5 M t thng s cho K hoch pht trin
3.2.1.2 Nhim v th 2: M rng tng h thng
Nhim v ny ly cc thng s c s t nhim v trc Hn Mc, Cng
Sut v K Hoch Pht Trin v dng chng a ra tng tng qut cho
h thng c s h tng thit b. Phn chnh ca nhim v ny l vic la chn
m hnh tham kho, ci s th hin cho Hn Mc, Cng Sut v c mt kh
nng m rng h tr cho K Hoch Pht Trin.
M hnh tham kho
Cn c vo cc thng s: Hn Mc, Cng Sut v K Hoch Pht Trin,
c hng ngn kh nng cch thit k h thng c s thit b, nhng ch mt
s nh l ph hp. Mt th vin cc thit k ti u (c khuyn dng v
c chng minh) c th dng nhanh chng thu hp cc kh nng chn la.
Cc m hnh tham kho c th gip trong vic g ri hoc loi tr, bi vic
trnh by cc thit k c th rt kh khp ni hoc cha c ngh n. Cc
thit k tham kho c hu ht cc k s h thng xy dng sn, nhng vi
sn sng tha mn cc yu cu c th ca mt phm vi cc
d n ngi dng.
M hnh tham kho l mt thit k h thng thc t, l mt biu mu hoc
s phc tho tp hp cc thuc tnh quan trng ca thit k ngi
dng gi nh. Mt m hnh tham kho th hin mt s kt hp r rng cc
thuc tnh bao gm cc tnh nng ch o, mt nng lng, cc tnh nng
m rng v nh mc o c.
Kh nng to ln ca cc m hnh tham kho l n cung cp mt con ng tt
nh gi hiu qu cc thit k thay th m khng mt thi gian hao tn thc
thi cc chi tit k thut v thit k trn thc t. Cc quyt nh cht lng cao
c th t c nhanh chng v hiu qu.
3.2.1.3 Nhim v th 3: Xc nh cc yu cu ngi dng
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Cc yu cu ngi dng bao gm bt k thng tin g v d n m c trng cho
d n ngi dng ny. Nhim v ny thu thp v nh gi cc yu cu ngi
dng xc nh chng c hp l hay khng, hoc iu chnh gim bt
chi ph hay trnh cc ri ro.
Cc yu cu ngi dng cho da n c th l cc c im v ty chn quan
trng, cc hn ch phng c, cc hn ch IT hin hnh v cc hn ch hu cn.
Nhim v ny gm hai na, chia cc yu cu ngi dng thnh hai loi:
Cc u Tin: iu n ngi dng mong mun, nhng ty thuc vo s
thay i hoc iu chnh sau khi xem xt v chi ph v h qu. Cc u
Tin l th c i hi, nhng s thay i khi c thng tin mi (c th
gia tng hoc thu hp cc u Tin).
Cc Hn Ch: iu m khng th thay i hoc ch c th thay i vi
chi ph ln hoc vi cc trnh t ph khng th chp nhn. Cc Hn Ch
l cc iu kin tn ti trc m rt kh hay khng th thay i.
Mi th yu cu mt loi tho lun khc nhau, thng c thc hin vi cc
kiu ngi khc nhau. Nu mt ci g gy ra rc ri sau ny trong tin trnh
hoch nh, th quan trng phi bit n l mt Hn Ch hay mt u Tin c
th gii quyt ng n v iu chnh nu thch hp.
3.2.1.4 Nhim v th 4: To bn chi tit k thut
chuyn i c yu cu ngi dng (t nhim v trc) thnh mt thit k
chi tit, trnh t hoch ch s dng bc trung gian trong vic to ra bn chi
tit k thut h thng.
Bn chi tit k thut s dng nh mt tp quy tc c di theo khi to thit k
h thng chi tit. Bn chi tit k thut bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
Cc c im k thut tiu chun: khng thay i trong ton d n. Cc
c im ny bao gm cc phn chnh ca bn chi tit k thut. V d
nh cc tiu chun v tun th php l, s tng thch ca cc h thng
ph, k nng thc hin v an ton.
Cc c im ngi dng: xc nh r cc chi tit ngi dng c th ca
d n. y l cc yu cu ngi dng (Cc u Tin v Hn
Ch) t nhim v trc , c c t vic tch ly ca trnh t hoch
nh cho
ti thi im ny.
S kt hp cc chi tit k thut tiu chun v cc c im ngi dng to ra
mt bn chi tit k thut hon chnh, t ng vai tr nh mt chun chung
cho thit k h thng chi tit. Thit k h thng chi tit (trong cc nhim v tip
theo) phi tha tt c cc c im trong bn chi tit k thut hon chnh ny.
3.2.1.5 Nhim v th 5: To thit k chi tit
Nhim v cui cng ca trnh t hoch nh l to ra mt thit k chi tit cho
h thng c thit lp, bao gm:
Danh sch cc thnh phn chi tit
S sn chnh xc cho rack, k c thit b ngun v lm mt
Cc ch dn lp dt chi tit
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Lch trnh d n chi tit
Cc c im thc t xy dng ca thit k, bao gm c hiu sut, mt
v kh nng m rng.
nh l bn thit k chi tit s tha bn chi tit k thut hon chnh c to
trong nhim v trc . Bn chi tit k thut hon chnh bao gn cc c im
k thut v cc chi tit ngi dng c th ca h thng, cng thm phn ln cc
c k thut cn c trn hiu nng p dng cho bt k h thng no. n mc
rng n phi tha ton b cc quy tc , thit k chi tit s th hin
h thng c m t bi bn chi tit k thut.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
CHNG 4: MU GII PHP THC T CHO DOANH NGHIP
4.1 Cc d liu thng tin cn thit
4.1.1 Hin trng
D kin xy dng Data Center ti tng 2 ca ta nh kin trc 10 tng, khu vc
d kin cho Data Center c tng din tch tng ng 120 m
2
.
Ta nh c xy mi hon ton v chiu cao thng tng theo thit k l 3.3 m.
Hnh 4.1.1 M t hin trng cho mu gii php thc t
4.1.2 Yu cu
Thit k v trin khai Data Center hon chnh vi cc yu cu k thut nh sau:
Ti trng sn cho khu vc Data Center p ng ti trng thit b s lp
t trong tng lai v p ng theo tiu chun Data Center quc t.
T vn thit k h thng ngun in cho Data Center bo m cng
sut cho m rng ti a trong tng lai vi yu cu ti
thiu tng ng 10 rack thit b, bao gm 06 rack p ng ti 14
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
KW, 04 rack cho
106
i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
ti i a 7 KW. K hoch s dng c chia lm hai giai on, giai
on u 3 t 7 KWv 3 t 14 KW; giai on hai gm 1 t 7 KWv 3 t
14 KW.
H thng UPS c thit k cu hnh d phng chun N+1 bo m h
thng vn hot ng bnh thng khi c s c vi 01 UPS
hoc cho chp ngng ti a 01 UPS trong thi gian bo tr.
H thng phn phi ngun t rack phi bo m 02 ngun cho mi t
bo m d phng cao nht cho cc thit b quan trng.
H thng iu ha chuyn dng cho Data Center, bo m cng sut
lm mt cc thit b trong tng giai on, c kh nng d phng N+1,
cho php qun l v iu chnh nhit , m chnh xc.
H thng cable phi p ng cc yu cu s dng cho cc ng
dng ngn hng. i vi h thng LAN phi m bo ti thiu bng thng
1
Gb/kt ni. Yu cu s dng cable ng chun CAT-6; cable
quang,
cable vin thng p ng cc yu cu kt ni vin thng, kt ni thit b
lu tr SAN. H thng cable phi c thi cng ng tiu chun quc
t, c khoa hc v thm m.
H thng h tng c s cho Data Center bao gm sn nng, tng chng
chy, cch nhit, cch nhit sn, h thng chiu sng khu vc
v h thng chiu sng khn cp.
H thng cha chy chuyn dng vi cc yu cu: cht cha chy phi
l loi c ph chun cho mi trng IT v Data Center; h thng phi
c kh nng gim st ngun nhit, khi v kch hot cha chy t ng
hp l, bo m khng gy h hi cho thit b, an ton cho con ngi v
mi trng, phi p ng kh nng cha chy cc khu vc trng yu
nh khu vc server, khu vc ngun in.
H thng kim sot ra vo cho php iu khin, gim st tp trung, trc
tuyn theo thi gian thc, cho php s dng th t kt hp phm bm
tng cng an ninh.
H thng camera quan st: cho php ghi li hnh nh cc khu vc trng
yu, hot ng 24/24. Thi gian lu tr ti thiu 4 tun.
H thng gim st mi trng v thit b cho php gim st hot ng
ca cc thit b trng yu nh UPS, cc thit b iu ha v lm mt.
4.1.3 Tiu ch thit k
B tr mt bng hiu qu v hp l, ph hp vi hng dn
ca tiu chun TIA-942, bo m d dng cho vic vn hnh v bo tr h
thng.
Ngun in thit k p ng cng sut tng giai on v c kh nng
m rng ti a m khng cn ph v kin trc hin c.
H thng iu ha khng kh phi c kh nng iu chnh nhit ,
m v cng sut cn thit cho h thng. Cc khu vc khng cn h
thng iu ha chnh xc s s dng h thng thng thng tit kim
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
chi ph u t.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
H thng cable bo m nhu cu s dng hin ti v trong tng lai ti
thiu 5 nm, bo m thi cng v bo tr d dng.
H thng phng cha chy tun th cc quy tc phng cha
chy v khuyn ngh v h thng cha chy sch cho Data Center.
Cc h thng an ninh bo mt, gim st: p ng y nhu cu gim
st v bo v, hot ng lin tc 24/24
Cc h thng thit b ph tr khc phi ph hp vi mi trng Data
Center hin ti.
4.2 Gii php k thut
4.2.1 H tng c s
4.2.1.1 Ti trng sn, sn nng v cao thng tng
Xy dng sn t 850 kg/m2 cho khu vc d kin s dng lm
Data
Center; chiu cao thng tng 3.3 m p ng yu cu.
Sn nng c cao hon thin l 400 mm.
Tm sn s dng l loi c kch thc 600x600 (mm), c kt
cu thp, li b-tng, b mt c ph lp cch din v chng tnh
in, kh nng chu ti ti thiu 1200 kg/m2.
Ton b mt sn b-tng ti khu vc phng server c lt
lp cch nhim trnh tht thot nhit v chng hin tng ng
nc tng di.
H thng chn ca sn nng c u ni tip t trit tiu r in
v chng tnh in.
Cc ng ra vo ca phng thit b c b tr ramp dc,
mt sn nghing bc cao su chng trt cho vic vn chuyn thit b ra
vo.
4.2.1.2 Tng, trn nh v ca ra vo
Ca gm hai loi: loi cnh m ra/vo v ca la khng gian hp.
Kt cu ca cch nhit, chng chy cho cc khu vc c bit nh phng
server, phng ngun.
Cc ca c trang b kha c b iu khin tp trung.
B mt tng phng server v phng ngun s c b
thch cao chng chy, c chn lp si thy tinh chng chy, cch nhit.
Trn l loi thch cao chng chy, cng c lp thy tinh chng chy,
cch nhit mn.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
4.2.1.3 Thit k b tr
Hnh 4.2.1 M t b tr cho mu gii php thc t
Ton b Data Center c chia lm 06 khu vc chnh:
Khu vc Server (SVR): l ni b tr ton b server, thit b mng, u
cable ni b. T rack c b tr thnh hai hng mt i nhau, to hnh
lang kh lnh c chiu rng l 1.2 m. Phng c 02 ca gm ca ra vo
chnh l ca i chng chy, cch nhit, kch thc 1.2 m (W) x 2.2 m
(H) c kha bo v; ca cn li l ca thot him cho trng hp khn
cp, c kha ch cho php m mt chiu t bn trong.
Khu vc M&E: l ni lp t cc t ng m ngun, UPS v Battery,
cc t phn phi ngun cho khu vc SVR v cc khu vc khc
trong Data Center; phng cn c lp t bnh kh FM200 cho vic phng
cha chy.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Khu vc CRAC: ni cha thit b iu ha khng kh chnh xc,
cho
php kh lnh c thi m sn vo bn trong v thun tin cho vic bo
tr.
Khu vc NOC: V tr gn vi hng cable thng tng nht; c b tr cc
my tnh cho php kt ni iu khin vo khu vc SVR, hoc kt ni h
thng h thng qun l. Ngoi ra cn b tr mt t vin thng dng cho
u ni cable vin thng t bn ngoi vo.
Khu vc Staging: Dng kim tra th thit b IT trc khi a vo h
thng hot ng, ng thi l ni lu tr cc thit b d phng v cng
c cn thit cho Data Center.
Khu vc Mantrap: Dng iu ha thn nhit cho nhn vin vn hnh
khi ra vo khu vc SVR; c b tr cc ramp dc thun
tin vn chuyn thit b.
V tr t Condenser: treo tng bn cnh khu vc SVR
Kch thc: 700 (W) x 1300 (H) x 1600 (L)
Trng lng: 1 Condenser =130 Kg
Hnh 4.2.2 Hnh dng Condenser
4.2.2 H thng lm mt gii nhit cho Data Center
Cn c vo quy m d n v yu cu v tnh an ton cho h thng, cng nh
hiu qu u t a ra hai nhm h thng lnh sau:
H thng lnh chnh xc dng cho khu vc SVR
H thng lnh thng thng dng cho khu vc ngun, khu vc NOC v
khu vc Staging
a. H thng iu ha chnh xc
c b tr gii nhit cho khu vc SVR, cho php iu khin nhit v
m mi trng t ng theo thng s ci t. Ngoi ra, thit lp cu hnh N+1
cho h thng.
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i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Cng sut yu cu ca h thng lnh chnh xc c xc nh nh sau:
Ti giai on 1:
Nhit lng do thit b IT: 63 KW
Nhit lng do h thng phn phi ngun ta ra: 3 KW
Nhit lng do h thng n v nhn vin vn hnh: 1 KW
Tng cng giai on 1: 67 KW
Ti giai on 2:
Nhit lng do thit b IT: 49 KW
Nhit lng do h thng phn phi ngun ta ra: 2 KW
Nhit lng do h thng n v nhn vin vn hnh:
( tnh giai on 1)
0 KW
Tng cng giai on 2: 51 KW
Tng cng cho hai giai on: 114 KW
Cn c theo yu cu bo v cao cho Data Center, xut s dng h thng thi
lnh m sn, vi cc thit b lnh c b tr ti mt khu vc ring cch bit.
xut s dng h thng lnh chnh xc ca hng Emerson vi thng s k
thut sau:
Loi sn phm: Emerson-Liebert model P2070
Loi: Thi m sn
Cng ngh p dng: Air-cooled
Cng sut lnh ti a: 70 KW nhit 24
o
C v m 50% +/- 5%
Vi cu hnh N+1 th k hoch u t bao gm giai on 1: 02 my P2070; giai
on 2: b sung thm 01 my P2070. Tng hai giai on u t 03 h thng
Liebert P2070 vi hiu qu s dng 114/140 KW=81% cu hnh N+1 (cu
hnh ti u)
Ngoi ra bo m kh nng lm mt cho cc t server cho nhu cu s dng
server dng blade v ti u ngun kh lnh; xut s dng
gii php Coolflex s dng mt khung qun l kh lnh bo m ngun
lnh c qun l tt, trnh kh nng ha trn kh lnh v kh nng lm gim
hiu sut ca h thng gii nhit.
b. H thng iu ha bnh thng
Nhit lng ta ra ca h thng UPS =4.7 KWx 2 =9.4 KW(tng ng 2
UPS cp ti)
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Nhit lng ta ra do cc thit b khc: 3 KW
Tng ngun nhit ca phng ngun tng ng 13 kW, do vy cn h thng
lm mt tng ng 54.560 BTU tng ng my lnh 5 HP. xut cu
hnh 1+1 cho khu vc ngun.
Do cn trang b 02 my lnh ng 5 HP cho khu vc ngun, 1 my lnh 2
HP cho khu vc Staging (vi khu vc NOC c th trang b 1 my lnh 1.5 - 2
HP v ch s dng khi c ngi lm vic).
4.2.3 H thng in cho Data Center:
p dng h thng cp ngun cho Data Center tiu chun nh sau:
Hnh 4.2.3 M t h thng in cho mu gii php thc t
4.2.3.1 UPS
p dng cho cc khi thit b sau:
Thit b IT bao gm server, thit b network, thit b truyn dn,..
Thit b iu khin phng cha ha hon.
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Thit b iu khin ng/m ca h thng Access Control.
Thit b h thng gim st: camera.
i vi cc thit b khc nh h thng gii nhit, n chiu sng c cp
ngun trc tip bo m tit kim v cht lng ngun cung cp cho thit b
quan trng.
Cng sut UPS cn thit nh sau:
Giai on 1:
Ngun cn cho thit b IT:
(3 x 7 KW+3 x 14 KW)
63 KW
Ngun cho thit b ph tr: 5 kW
Tng cng giai on 1: 68 kW
Giai on 2:
Ngun cn cho thit b IT:
(1 x 7 KW+3 x 14 KW)
Ngun cho thit b ph tr:
( tnh giai on 1)
49 KW
0 KW
Tng cng giai on 2: 49 KW
Tng cng hai giai on : 112 KW
bo m tnh an ton ca h thng v u t tit kim, xut trang b UPS
theo cu hnh N+1, s dng sn phm UPS Emerson:
Giai on 1: 02 h thng NXr 60 KVA-60 KW(02 t hp Battery)
Giai on 2: 01 h thng NXr 60 KVA- 60 KW(01 t hp Battery)
Hiu qu s dng UPS =112 /120 =93% cu hnh N+1.
4.2.3.2 Ngun in li
Cn c yu cu s lng thit b m rng ti a cho 10 t rack vi cng sut s
dng d kin l 7 KWv 14 KW, a ra tng ngun cn thit nh sau:
Ngun cn thit cho UPS: 120 KVA (cho 02 UPS hot ng)
Ngun cho iu ha chnh xc: (380x61.3x1.73) x 2 =80.6 KVA (N+1)
Ngun cho thit b iu ha thng thng: 10 KVA
Cc h thng ngun ph tr khc: 5 KVA
Tng cng sut ngun cn khong 225 KVA, nhn vi h s an ton, h s np
UPS, h s khi h thng iu ha,. cng sut h thng ngun cho Data
Center =250 KVA.
4.2.3.3 My pht in
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Do iu kin Data Center c b tr trong ta nh nn chc chn s c ngun
in li v my pht in ring. Cng sut my pht in cho Data
Center tng ng 250 KVA (cho c hai giai on, h thng iu
ha, h thng UPS) trong hai trng hp:
p dng cho h thng my pht in ring ca ta nh.
u t my pht in d phng ring cho Data Center.
4.2.3.4 H thng phn phi in
Hnh 4.2.4 M t phn phi in cho mu gii php thc t
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Bao gm cc thnh phn chnh nh:
a. T ngun chnh (MDB Main Distribution Board)
T MDB u vo 3 pha t h thng in ca ta nh vi MCCB tng 400A.
H thng bus bar cng sut cao cung cp im u ni ngun cho
cc khi MCCB nhnh cho cc h thng iu ha (AC-DB), UPS
(UDB) v t cp ngun cho h thng n chiu sng, cm tng(LC)
H thng ct xung, lc st cng c b tr trong MSB bo m cht lng
dng in cung cp cho Data Center.
b. T ngun trung gian
Trang b h thng t phn ph ngun trung gian gm:
T phn phi cho h thng iu ha (AC-DB) ly ngun trc
tip t
MDB, khng qua UPS.
T phn phi cho h thng n, cm tng
T ngun u vo UPS (UDB)
T ngun u ra UPS (UPS-DB)
T phn phi ngun sau UPS cho cc h thng cn ngun c d phng (
server, thit b network, h thng phng chy, h thng access
cotrol, my tnh qun tr..)
T PDU cp ngun cho t rack ( tng cng an ton, cp ngun cho
t rack t 2 t PDU khc nhau).
Trong t phn phi s lp t h thng MCB c dng in ph hp vi ti tiu
th; vi PDU dnh cho cc t rack s s dng MCB kp loi 32A-2P
hoc
40A-2P.
c. H thng cable in, thang v mng cable in
Da trn quy m v m hnh thit k, p dng loi mng cable in bng kim
loi dng hp kn lp t bn di sn nng. Chiu cao ti thiu
ca mng cable l 100 mm trnh cn kh lnh lu thng trong sn.
H thng cable in phn phi cho thit b s dng in phi m bo chu ti
ti thiu bng 120% ti tiu th. i vi cable in phn phi cho t rack (in
1 pha) s dng dy calbe c tit din ti thiu 6 mm
2
(32 A).
cc t rack, h thng phn phi in c u ni vo soket IEC-IP44 (32
A) kt ni d dng v linh hot vo h thng rack PDU.
d. Socket v rack PDU
Trong iu kin h thng ngun c bo v mt cch nghim ngt, s dng
ton b loi socket chun IEC gm hai loi chnh:
IEC-C13: 3 chu 10 A: dng cho tt c cc server, thit b mng nh.
IEC-C19: 3 chu 16 A: dng cho blade server, thit b mng ln.
Cn c vo sn phm rack PDU hin nay, s dng thanh ngun c tham s k
thut tng ng nh sau:
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Xero U: thanh t dc theo t tit kim khng gian t.
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Out-let: 20 C13 v 4 C19
Dng ti ti a: 32A
4.2.4 H thng phng cha chy
p dng gii php phng chy cha chy s dng sn phm kh FM200 ca
hng Kidde.
Tiu chun thit k h thng FM200:
H thng d tm khi b tr 3 tng: di sn nng, trn trn gi v trong
khng gian khu vc server.
H thng vi phun cng c b tr 3 tng, s dng u phun 360
o
.
B iu khin tp trung c cc trng thi cnh bo, tm ngng v hy
b.
Bnh cha FM200, c van, ng x p ng p lc ti thiu 25bar (25.5
Kg/cm2).
H thng FM200 c b tr bo v khu vc server v khu vc ngun, i vi
khu vc khc tit kim chi ph u t ch s dng 01 02 bnh cha chy
CO2 xch tay cho mi khu vc.
4.2.5 H thng chiu sng
S dng bng n hunh quang (loi 1.2 m, 36 W), vi b tr cho tng khu vc
nh sau:
Khu vc server: 09 b n
Khu vc ngun (M&E): 03 b n
Khu vc CRAC: 02 b n
Khu vc NOC: 02 b n
Khu vc Staging: 02 b n
Khu vc Mantrap: 01 b n
Tng cng: 19 b n
(38 bng vi mi b
cp 2 bng)
4.2.6 H thng Camera quan st
S dng gii php dng Camera v u thu k thut s ca hng Panasonic vi
tham s k thut sau:
Kh nng ghi nhn 30 hnh/giy
B lu tr 2.5 TB
Lu tr theo chun PAL hoc MPEG
C th quan st qua mng vi trnh duyt web 3 mc bo mt.
C cc ch hin th 4/6/9/16 khung nh trn 1 mn hnh.
4.2.7 H thng qun l truy nhp (Access Control)
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B tr h thng kim sot ti 06 ca ra vo v kim sot hai chiu; ca thot
him c kim sot bng cng tc t.
Mc bo mt a l 2 mc (th t +phm bm) i vi chiu vo v chiu ra
bng th t. Ti mi ca u c nt nhn thot him khn cp.
4.2.8 H thng t rack v ph kin
Cn c theo nhu cu s dng v tnh thm m cho khu vc Data Center,
xut s dng t APC Netshelter SX (AR3100) vi cc c im:
T 42U x 600 mm x 1070 mm
Ca trc v sau l ca li c thng gi 65%
C thanh ray lp t thit b iu chnh c.
Tng thch vi cc thit b chun rack 19 inch.
Tng thch hon ton vi rack PDU loi zero U.
4.2.9 H thng cable LAN, SAN v kt ni vin thng
Gm ba h thng cable ch yu:
H thng cable kt ni vin thng: cable ng telco, cable quang single-
mode.
H thng cable LAN: cable ng UTP, cable quang multi-mode.
H thng cable quang u ni mng SAN.
Vi m hnh u ni cable nh sau:
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Hnh 4.2.5 M t m hnh u ni cable cho mu gii php thc t
Trong kin trc ny, cc t server c lp t cc patch-panel 24 port u ni
v t u nhy cable (cross-connect), tng t cc t network s u
patch- panel v t cross-connect v vic u nhy dy ch thc hin
trn t cross- connect ny.
Vi cable quang, ch yu l kt ni gia cc thit b mng ti khu vc u ni
thit b mng nn ch s dng dy nhy quang l .
Vi cc thit b dng h thng SAN, ty s lng thc t, c th dng dy nhy
quang u ni trc tip gia SAN-switch v HBA-card trn server hoc dng
ODF.
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4.2.10 H thng mng cable d liu
Cn c vo iu kin thc t ca d n, s dng phng n i cable di sn
nng v s dng h thng mng dng li ca hng Cablofil; vi u im l
nh, s dng kim loi khng r st, l dng li nn cn khng
kh thp thch hp cho gii php thi lnh m sn.
4.2.11 H thng gim st, qun tr tp trung
4.2.11.1 H thng gim st
S dng h thng gim st mi trng v d nc r ca Emerson.
H thng gm hai thnh phn chnh:
H thng gim st nhit - m bao gm cc cm bin nhit v
m kt ni n h thng gim st trung tm; h thng ny tch hp
nhiu loi gim st khc nhau nh nhit , m, rung, bo chy
H thng d nc r r: bao gm b iu khin trung tm v cc b cm
bin dng dy dn di sn ti cc khu vc cn gim st.
4.2.11.2 H thng qun tr tp trung (KVM)
bo m cng tc vn hnh v qun tr t xa cho h thng server v thit b
mng t trong Data Center c bo m an ton, bo mt v lun sn sng,
do vy trang b h thng KVM cho server v thit b mng.
i vi server, thit b KVM thay th mt b mn hnh, bn phm, chut
kt ni t xa.
i vi thit b mng, thit b KVM l mt b kt ni tp trung to cc
kt ni bo mt trc tip vo cng console ca thit b.
Theo quy m d n, a ra s dng mt trong hai sn phm ca hng Aten: cho
php kt ni gia server v KVM-switch thng qua cable
UTP (dng converter) nn bo m thm m v kt ni linh hot.
4.3 Hoch nh trin khai
Gi nh d n c trin khai vo cui thng 12 (24/12/2010).
Cc vn v cung ng, vn chuyn trang thit b t yu cu v khng c s
c pht sinh xy ra.
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ST
T
Cng vic
Ngy
Bt u
Ngy
Kt thc
Thi
ln
g
(m
)
Ngy
24/12/201
0
Thng
01/2011
Thng
02/201
1
Thng
03/2011
Thng
04/2011
3
5
7
11
25
26
15
18
5
10
17
26
31
2
5
1
Trin khai h tng c
bn
24/12/201
0
3/1/2011 10
2
Trin khai h thng
in
5/1/2011 25/1/2011 20
3 Trin khai sn nng 7/1/2011 11/1/2011 4
4
Trin khai h thng
lnh
26/1/2011 15/2/2011 20
5 Trin khai trang thit b 18/2/2011 5/3/2011 15
6
Trin khai h thng
cha chy
26/3/2010 31/3/2010 5
7
Trin khai h thng
cable
10/3/2010 17/3/2010 7
8 Kimtra, vn hnh th 2/4/2010 5/4/2010 3
Hnh 4.3.1 Bng d kin trin khai cho mu gii php thc t
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PH LC
Di y l bng nh gi cp cho Data Center, ngoi ra dng n nh mt bng tham chiu m bo t cc yu cu trng yu
trong qu trnh hoch nh, trin khai xy dng mt Data Center.
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Tp ti liu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers, TIA-
942,
Telecommunications Industry Association, USA,2005
[2] Rob Snevely, Enterprise Data Center Design and Methodology, Revision 1,
Sun Microsystem Inc., USA, 2001.
[3] Cablofil, Technical Guide, Cablofil Inc., 2009
[4] Neil Rasmussen, White Paper 1 Rev 7, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[5] Neil Rasmussen, White Paper 25 Rev 3, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[6] Kevin Dunlap, White Paper 40 Rev 3, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[7] Tony Evans, White Paper 59 Rev 1, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[8] Kevin McCarthy, Victor Avelar, White Paper 75 Rev 3, APC by Schbeuder
Electric, 2010
[9] Victor Avelar, White Paper 83 Rev 2, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[10] Neil Rasmussen, Suzanne Niles, White Paper 141 Rev 1,
APC by
Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[11] Neil Rasmussen, Suzanne Niles, White Paper 142 Rev 1,
APC by
Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[12] Neil Rasmussen, Suzanne Niles, White Paper 143 Rev 1,
APC by
Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[13] Neil Rasmussen, White Paper 150 Rev 1, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
Thng tin Internet
http://www.cablinginstall.com/
http://www.lacviet.com.vn
http://vnpro.org
http://www.hvacr.vn
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